Bibliographies thématiques / Packard Band

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Packard Band »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Holland, Mark R., Stephen H. Lewis, Christopher S. Hall, Ann E. Finch-Johnston, Scott M. Handley, Kirk D. Wallace, Alwyn P. D'sa, David M. Prater, Julio E. Perez et James G. Miller. « Effects of Tissue Anisotropy on the Spectral Characteristics of Ultrasonic Backscatter Measured with a Clinical Imaging System ». Ultrasonic Imaging 20, no 3 (juillet 1998) : 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469802000303.

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In this paper, we report the effects of inherent tissue anisotropy on the spectral properties of backscattered ultrasound when measured with a commercially-available imaging system. We insonified five specimens of bovine tendon immersed in a water tank and rotated in 10° increments while being imaged with a Hewlett-Packard Sonos 1500 system. The backscattered RF signals corresponding to each angle of insonification were digitized and the spectral characteristics of the backscattered ultrasound were determined. The mean anisotropy, defined as the average difference between values at perpendicular and parallel insonification, for band-limited estimates of backscattered power, centroid frequency, upper-band to lower-band power ratio, and upper-band to total-band power ratio were found to be 24.6 ± 1.1 dB, 142 ± 27 kHz, 32 ± 13%, and 22 ± 5%, respectively (mean ± SE). The magnitude of each of these backscatter spectral parameters was larger at perpendicular insonification compared with the corresponding values at parallel insonification, consistent with previous measurements of the inherent anisotropy of ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter in tissue.
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Seman, Michael. « What If Hewlett and Packard Had Started a Band Instead ? An Examination of a Music Scene as Economic Cluster ». Artivate 4, no 2 (2015) : 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/artv.2015.0005.

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Chéron, Jérôme, Michel Campovecchio, Denis Barataud, Tibault Reveyrand, Michel Stanislawiak, Philippe Eudeline et Didier Floriot. « Wideband harmonically matched packaged GaN HEMTs with high PAE performances at S-band frequencies ». International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no 4 (18 février 2013) : 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000032.

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This paper presents a design method of internally-matched packaged GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for achieving not only high-efficiency and high-power performances but also a wide bandwidth and insensitivity to harmonic terminations in the S-band. The package and its internal matching networks are synthesized to confine the second harmonic impedances seen by the GaN die to high-efficiency regions whatever the harmonic impedances presented outside the package. This paper reports the design of a packaged GaN HEMT achieving 78% of power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 25 W of output power at 2.5 GHz. A packaged GaN power bar is also reported with the addition of fundamental matching networks inside the package. In 50 Ω environment, the packaged GaN power bar provided more than 56% of PAE from 2.5 to 3.1 GHz and was desensitized to harmonic load variations with less than two points of PAE variation when a load-pull is performed at second harmonic frequencies outside the package.
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Chéron, Jérôme, Michel Campovecchio, Denis Barataud, Tibault Reveyrand, Michel Stanislawiak, Philippe Eudeline et Didier Floriot. « Electrical modeling of packaged GaN HEMT dedicated to internal power matching in S-band ». International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no 5 (16 juillet 2012) : 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000530.

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The electrical modeling of power packages is a major issue for designers of high-efficiency hybrid power amplifiers. This paper reports the synthesis and the modeling of a packaged Gallium nitride (GaN) High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) associating a nonlinear model of the GaN HEMT die with an equivalent circuit model of the package. The extraction procedure is based on multi-bias S-parameter measurements of both packaged and unpackaged (on-wafer) configurations. Two different designs of 20 W packaged GaN HEMTs illustrate the modeling approach that is validated by time-domain load-pull measurements in S-band. The advantage of the electrical modeling dedicated to packaged GaN HEMTs is to enable a die-package co-design for power matching. Internal matching elements such as Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, Monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), and bond wires can be separately modeled to ensure an efficient optimization of the package for high power Radio frequency (RF) applications.
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Park, Jeong Hun, et Moon-Que Lee. « Harmonic Dual-Band Diode Mixer for the X- and K-Bands ». Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no 1 (31 janvier 2021) : 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2021.21.1.64.

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This paper presents a new dual-band diode mixer for the X- and K-bands. The proposed mixer consists of a pair of series-connected diodes and a frequency-dependent delay line that operates at 180° and 360° at the X-band of 10.525 GHz and at the K-band of 24.15 GHz, respectively. Without reconfigurable devices such as switches, the proposed mixer operates as a single-balanced diode mixer at the X-band and a subharmonically pumped antiparallel diode mixer at the K-band simultaneously. The designed circuit was implemented in a hybrid microwave integrated circuit using discretely packaged RF components on a microwave printed circuit board. The measurement results showed conversion losses of 6.5 dB and 16.6 dB at the X- and K-bands, respectively.
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Skoulika, Stavroula G., et Constantinos A. Georgiou. « Rapid, Noninvasive Quantitative Determination of Acyclovir in Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms through Their Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blister Package by Solid-State Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ». Applied Spectroscopy 57, no 4 (avril 2003) : 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/00037020360625943.

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Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy based on band intensity or band area measurements was used for the quantitative determination of acyclovir in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms through their poly(vinyl chloride) blister package. Univariate calibration using the bands observed at 1690, 1630, 1574, 1482, 1181, 578, and 508 cm−1 was found to be sufficient for the analysis. Calibration curves were linear, the correlation coefficients being 0.997–0.9993 and 0.996–0.9991 for band intensity and band area measurements, respectively. Results obtained compare well, as indicated by the t-test, with those obtained by the current United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 24) and National Formulary (NF 19) method. Precision ranged from 0.7–4.5 and 0.4–4.0% RSD ( n = 3) for band intensity and band area measurements, respectively. The developed nondestructive FT-Raman method is rapid, simple, and can be used for the on-line, real-time monitoring of acyclovir formulation production lines.
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SOROKA, Elena Industrovna, Akhmet Askhatovich GALEEV, Vera Igorevna PETROVA, Vladimir Pavlovich LYUTOEV et Lubov’ Vladimirovna LEONOVA. « Dispersed organic matter characteristics as an indicator of rock alteration degree of the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit (Middle Urals) ». NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1, no 1 (23 mars 2020) : 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-1-26-36.

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Relevance of the study is due to the importance of composition and maturity of the dispersed organic matter (DOM) as indicators of rock forming conditions, which may contribute to the paleoecological reconstruction of sedimentation conditions for rocks in the ore-bearing stratum of the Safyanovskoe deposit. Objective: to analyze the composition and characteristics of DOM in carbon-siliceous rocks of the ore-bearing stratum of the Safyanovsky copper-pyrite deposit. The obtained characteristics of the DOM make it possible to reveal the source of original accumulation and the level of its transformation under the influence of various geological processes. Methods. A detailed study of DOM was carried out by the EPR method (electron paramagnetic resonance) for powder preparations. EPR spectra were recorded at room temperature on X-band spectrometers DX-70, ESR 70-03 DX/2, and SE/X-2547 RadioPAN. The analytical procedure for studying organic matter (OM) included: determination of insoluble residue and C org content in the rock, extraction of the chloroform bitumoids (CB) and the alcohol-benzol bitumoids (ABB), humic acids (HA), determining the group composition of CB and hydrocarbons (HC), chromatographic fractionation with determination of the sum of methane-naphthenic and aromatic fractions of hydrocarbons, GC-MS analysis of n-alkanes, cyclic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). GC-MS analysis was performed on the complex Hewlett Packard 6850/5973 with a quadrupole mass detector and analytical information processing software. Results. Analysis of the EPR spectra of carbon-siliceous rocks of the Safyanovskoe deposit showed the presence of the two types of carbon signal (C-org), characteristic of the plant and the animal residues. It was also found that the DOM has never been exposed to temperatures greater than 300 °C. Geochemical analysis of OM indicates that DOM is at a high maturation stage (residual organic matter (ROM) > 99%). But the type of distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) suggests that the primary OM was specifically altered at elevated temperatures. Conclusions. DOM of carbon-siliceous rocks of the Safyanovsky deposit is genetically the same, its type is mainly sapropelic and accumulation is associated with marine conditions. A characteristic feature is, on the one hand, its high polymerization, which is typical for DOM of the stage of late mesocatagenesis, and, on the other hand, its molecular composition does not allow us to talk about the maturation of DOM in the process of natural regional metamorphism.
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Zhen, Shuchen, Yongle Wu, Shaobo Li, Zhuoyin Chen et Weimin Wang. « A Dual-Band Dual-Output Filtering Power Amplifier Based on High-Selectivity Filtering Impedance Transformer ». International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (15 juin 2023) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5240745.

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In this brief, a novel filtering impedance transformer with good selectivity and high termination impedance is proposed, of which close-formed design equations are derived and effectively verified. Then, a dual-band dual-output filtering power amplifier (PA) operating at 2.4-2.6 GHz and 3.4-3.6 GHz is designed based on the proposed filtering impedance transformer. The dual-band filtering PA contains a diplexer-like output matching network, which can separate two band signals into corresponding output branches. EM-simulated results of the diplexer-like output matching network show that the isolation between the two output ports is better than 30.7 dB. Finally, for demonstration, the dual-band dual-output filtering PA using a packaged 10 W transistor is fabricated, and the measured drain efficiencies are 45.3%-50.2% and 41.7%-53.2% at lower and higher bands, respectively. Also, a good dual-band filtering response is obtained. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.
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Al-Dwairi, Majed O. « A planar UWB semicircular-shaped monopole antenna with quadruple band notch for WiMAX, ARN, WLAN, and X-Band ». International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no 1 (1 février 2020) : 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp908-918.

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This paper proposed quadruple notched frequency bands ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. The antenna is a semicircular-shaped monopole type of a compact size 36x24 mm, covering frequency range of 3.02-14 GHz. Four rejected narrow bands including WiMAX (3.3-3.7GHz), ARN (4.2-4.5 GHz), WLAN (5.15-5.825GHz), X-Band (7.25-7.75) have been achieved using inserting slots techniques in the patch, feed line, and ground plane. The slots dimensions have been optimized for the required reject bands. The antenna design and analysis have been investigated by simulation study using CST-EM software package. The antenna characteristics including impedance bandwidth, surface current, gain, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern have been discussed.
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Ali, Waqas, N. Nizam-Uddin, Wazie M. Abdulkawi, Asad Masood, Ali Hassan, Jamal Abdul Nasir et Munezza Ata Khan. « Design and Analysis of a Quad-Band Antenna for IoT and Wearable RFID Applications ». Electronics 13, no 4 (8 février 2024) : 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040700.

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The role of antennas in wireless communication is critical for enabling efficient signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands, including those associated with IoT (Internet of Things), X-band, S-band, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) systems. This paper presents a small quadruple-band antenna with 25 × 40 × 1.5 mm3 dimensions designed for diverse wireless applications. It is adept at operating in the S-band (2.2 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.7 GHz), microwave RFID frequency band (5.8 GHz), and X-band (7.7 GHz and 8.3 GHz). While the majority of existing research focuses on antennas covering two or three bands, our work stands out by achieving quad-band operation in the proposed antenna design. This antenna is constructed on a semiflexible Rogers RT5880 substrate, making it well-suited for wearable applications. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio (2019) simulation package software is chosen for design and analysis. The antenna design features a comb-shaped radiating structure, where each “tooth” is responsible for resonating at a distinct frequency with an appropriate bandwidth. The antenna retains stability in both free space and on-body wearability scenarios. It achieves a low specific absorption rate (SAR), meeting wearable criteria with SAR values below 1.6 W/Kg for all resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna demonstrates suitable radiation efficiency, reaching a maximum of 82.6% and a peak gain of 6.3 dBi. It exhibits a bidirectional pattern in the elevation plane and omnidirectional behavior in the azimuth plane. The antenna finds applications across multiple frequencies and shows close agreement between simulated and measured results, validating its effectiveness.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Duo, Xinzhong. « System-on-package solutions for multi-band RF front end ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-482.

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Bapu, Vijay Madhukar. « Eliminating package resonances in printed circuit boards over wide frequency band ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1424171.

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Liu, Zhengyang. « Characterization and Application of Wide-Band-Gap Devices for High Frequency Power Conversion ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77959.

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Advanced power semiconductor devices have consistently proven to be a major force in pushing the progressive development of power conversion technology. The emerging wide-band-gap (WBG) material based power semiconductor devices are considered as gaming changing devices which can exceed the limit of silicon (Si) and be used to pursue groundbreaking high-frequency, high-efficiency, and high-power-density power conversion. The switching performance of cascode GaN HEMT is studied at first. An accurate behavior-level simulation model is developed with comprehensive consideration of the impacts of parasitics. Then based on the simulation model, detailed loss breakdown and loss mechanism analysis are studied. The cascode GaN HEMT has high turn-on loss due to the reverse recovery charge and junction capacitor charge, and the common source inductance (CSI) of the package; while the turn-off loss is extremely small attributing to unique current source turn off mechanism of the cascode structure. With this unique feature, the critical conduction mode (CRM) soft switching technique is applied to reduce the dominant turn on loss and significantly increase converter efficiency. The switching frequency is successfully pushed to 5MHz while maintaining high efficiency and good thermal performance. Traditional packaging method is becoming a bottle neck to fully utilize the advantages of GaN HEMT. So an investigation of the package influence on the cascode GaN HEMT is also conducted. Several critical parasitic inductance are identified, which cause high turn on loss and high parasitic ringing that may lead to device failure. To solve the issue, the stack-die package is proposed to eliminate all critical parasitic inductance, and as a result, reducing turn on loss by half and avoiding potential failure mode of the cascode GaN device effectively. Utilizing soft switching and enhanced packaging, a GaN-based MHz totem-pole PFC rectifier is demonstrated with 99% peak efficiency and 700 W/in3 power density. The switching frequency of the PFC is more than ten times higher than the state-of-the-art industry product while it achieves best possible efficiency and power density. Integrated power module and integrated PCB winding coupled inductor are all studied and applied in this PFC. Furthermore, the technology of soft switching totem-pole PFC is extended to a bidirectional rectifier/inverter design. By using SiC MOSFETs, both operating voltage and power are dramatically increased so that it is successfully applied into a bidirectional on-board charger (OBC) which achieves significantly improved efficiency and power density comparing to the best of industrial practice. In addition, a novel 2-stage system architecture and control strategy are proposed and demonstrated in the OBC system. As a continued extension, the critical mode based soft switching rectifier/inverter technology is applied to three-phase AC/DC converter. The inherent drawback of critical mode due to variable frequency operation is overcome by the proposed new modulation method with the idea of frequency synchronization. It is the first time that a critical mode based modulation is demonstrated in the most conventional three phase H-bridge AC/DC converter, and with 99% plus efficiency at above 300 kHz switching frequency.
Ph. D.
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Fourquin, Olivier. « Conception et intégration en technologie "System in Package" d'émetteurs récepteurs ultra large bande pour communications ULB impulsionnelles dans la bande de fréquence 3.1 - 10.6 GHz ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10133/document.

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Les systèmes radio impulsionnelle Ultra large bande (IR-ULB), de part la nature de leurs signaux et de leurs architectures, montrent des caractéristiques intéressantes pour concurrencer les technologies existantes (Zigbee, Bluetooth et RFID) pour certaines applications nécessitant un faible coût et une faible consommation de puissance. Dans ce contexte cette thèse évalue les potentialités des systèmes IR-ULB pour la réalisation d’objets communicants miniatures.En utilisant une technologie "System In Package" (SiP), des objets communicants ULB prototype intégrant une ou plusieurs puces CMOS et une antenne ULB directement réalisée sur le boîtier sont présentés dans la thèse. Les transitions entre le circuit imprimé et les puces sont réalisées avec des fils d'interconnexion ("wirebonding"). Les points d'étude de la thèse se focalisent particulièrement sur la mise en boîtier d'une puce ULB et sur la conception sur silicium de la tête radio fréquence d'un système ULB. La réalisation d'une interconnexion faible cout par "wirebonding" entre un circuit intégré ULB et son support est problématique aux fréquences utilisées en ULB (3-10 GHz) en raison des éléments parasites importants limitant sa bande passante. Pour obtenir une transition ne dégradant pas les signaux ULB, plusieurs méthodologies d’interfaçage sont proposées permettant de réaliser sans augmentation notable de cout une transition large bande entre le circuit intégré et le circuit imprimé du boîtier. L'intégration en technologie CMOS standard des éléments principaux constituant la tête radio fréquence d'un système ULB impulsionnel (LNA, détecteur d'impulsions et générateurs d'impulsions) est étudiée. L'intérêt d'un co-design entre le silicium et le circuit imprimé lors de la conception de ces éléments est mis en avant. L'intégration ainsi que la miniaturisation du système final dans une technologie SIP sont également présentées
Due to the nature of their signals and their architectures, Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) systems show interesting features to compete with existing technologies (Zigbee, Bluetooth and RFID UHF) for low cost and low power applications. In this context, this thesis evaluates the potential of UWB systems for the realization of miniature communication devices.The thesis presents UWB communicating devices realized with a System in Package (SiP) technology. Devices incorporate one or several CMOS chips and an antenna directly printed on the board (PCB). Transitions between the PCB and the chips are made with standard wire bonds. The thesis especially focuses on packaging of UWB dice and on the design of UWB front end radio frequency.Due to important parasitic elements limiting its bandwidth, wire bonds transition is problematic for UWB applications (3-10 GHz). This thesis proposes several methodologies to interface integrated circuit and PCB to obtain a broadband transition without increasing cost production. The integration in standard CMOS technology of main components comprising the UWB radio frequency front end (LNA, pulse detector and pulse generator) is studied. The interest of a co-design between silicon and PCB to design these elements is pointed up. Integration and miniaturization of the final system in a SIP technology are also presented
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Morton, Matthew Allan. « Development of Monolithic SiGe and Packaged RF MEMS High-Linearity Five-bit High-Low Pass Phase Shifters for SoC X-band T/R Modules ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16190.

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A comprehensive study of the High-pass/Low-pass topology has been performed, increasing the understanding of error sources arising from bit layout issues and fabrication tolerances. This included a detailed analysis of error sources in monolithic microwave phase shifters due to device size limitations, inductor parasitics, loading effects, and non-ideal switches. Each component utilized in the implementation of a monolithic high-low pass phase shifter was analyzed, with its influence on phase behavior shown in detail. An emphasis was placed on the net impact on absolute phase variation, which is critical to the system performance of a phased array radar system. The design of the individual phase shifter filter sections, and the influence of bit ordering on overall performance was also addressed. A variety of X-band four- and five-bit phase shifters were fabricated in a 200 GHz SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology platform, and further served to validate the analysis and design methodology. The SiGe phase shifter can be successfully incorporated into a single-chip T/R module forming a system-on-a-chip (SoC). Reduction in the physical size of transmission lines was shown to be a possibility with spinel magnetic nanoparticle films. The signal transmission properties of phase lines treated with nanoparticle thin films were examined, showing the potential for significant size reduction in both delay line and High-pass/Low-pass phase topologies. Wide-band, low-loss, and near-hermetic packaging techniques for RF MEMS devices were presented. A thermal compression bonding technique compatible with standard IC fabrication techniques was shown, that uses a low temperature thermal compression bonding method that avoids plastic deformations of the MEMS membrane. Ultimately, a system-on-a-package (SoP) approach was demonstrated that utilized packaged RF MEMS switches to maintain the performance of the SiGe phase shifter with much lower loss. The extremely competitive performance of the MEMS-based High-pass/Low-pass phase shifter, despite the lack of the extensive toolkits and commercial fabrication facilities employed with the active-based SiGe phase shifters, confirms both the effectiveness of the detailed phase error analysis presented in this work and the robust nature of the High-pass/Low-pass topology.
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Bourgeois, Edouard, et Fatmir Stublla. « How is remuneration used in Bank, Financial, and Insurance companies to retain employees in France and Kosovo ? » Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2219.

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Borsatto, João Victor Basolli. « Colunas empacotadas em cromatografia líquida capilar : desenvolvimento de hardwares e avaliação de suas contribuições no desempenho cromatográfico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-23102018-170956/.

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Essa dissertação de mestrado descreve o desenvolvimento de hardwares de colunas para cromatografia líquida capilar. O processo de desenvolvimentos desses dispositivos é descrito gradativamente e os pontos fortes e as limitações de cada modelo de hardware são discutidos. O melhor modelo de hardware desenvolvido apresentou produção simples, fácil conexão ao sistema cromatográfico e resistência a pressões superiores a 900 bar. Sucessivamente ao estabelecimento de um modelo de hardware apropriado, os efeitos dos materiais do hardware na eficiência das colunas foram avaliados. Poucos estudos relatam a influência do hardware nas separações em escala capilar, de forma que essa dissertação contribui para o preenchimento dessa lacuna. Capilares de aço inoxidável e sílica fundida e frits de aço inoxidável e fibra de vidro foram avaliados. Colunas com eficiências superiores a 100.000 pratos por metro foram produzidas.
This master\'s dissertation describes the development of hardware for capillary liquid chromatography columns. The development process of the devices is described gradually and the strengths and limitations of each model of hardware are discussed. The best-developed hardware model presented easy production, practice connection to the chromatographic system and resistance to pressures greater than 900 bar. After the establishment of an appropriate hardware model, the effects of hardware materials on the efficiency of the columns were evaluated. Few studies report the influence of the hardware on capillary scale separations; therefore, this dissertation contributes to fill this gap. Capillaries of stainless steel and fused silica and frits of stainless steel and glass fiber were evaluated. Columns with efficiencies greater than 100,000 plates per meter were produced.
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Govind, Vinu. « Design of Baluns and Low Noise Amplifiers in Integrated Mixed-Signal Organic Substrates ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7208.

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The integration of mixed-signal systems has long been a problem in the semiconductor industry. CMOS System-on-Chip (SOC), the traditional means for integration, fails mixed-signal systems on two fronts; the lack of on-chip passives with high quality (Q) factors inhibits the design of completely integrated wireless circuits, and the noise coupling from digital to analog circuitry through the conductive silicon substrate degrades the performance of the analog circuits. Advancements in semiconductor packaging have resulted in a second option for integration, the System-On-Package (SOP) approach. Unlike SOC where the package exists just for the thermal and mechanical protection of the ICs, SOP provides for an increase in the functionality of the IC package by supporting multiple chips and embedded passives. However, integration at the package level also comes with its set of hurdles, with significant research required in areas like design of circuits using embedded passives and isolation of noise between analog and digital sub-systems. A novel multiband balun topology has been developed, providing concurrent operation at multiple frequency bands. The design of compact wideband baluns has been proposed as an extension of this theory. As proof-of-concept devices, both singleband and wideband baluns have been fabricated on Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP) based organic substrates. A novel passive-Q based optimization methodology has been developed for chip-package co-design of CMOS Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA). To implement these LNAs in a mixed-signal environment, a novel Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) based isolation scheme has also been employed. The key contributions of this work are thus the development of novel RF circuit topologies utilizing embedded passives, and an advancement in the understanding and suppression of signal coupling mechanisms in mixed-signal SOP-based systems. The former will result in compact and highly integrated solutions for RF front-ends, while the latter is expected to have a significant impact in the integration of these communication devices with high performance computing.
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Sankaran, Nithya. « Electromagnetic coupling in multilayer thin-film organic packages with chip-last embedded actives ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43621.

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The demands of consumer electronic products to support multi-functionality such as computing, communication and multimedia applications with reduced form factor and low cost is the driving force behind packaging technologies such as System on Package (SOP). SOP aims to enhance the functionality of the package while providing form factor reduction by the integration of active and passive components. However, embedding components within mixed signal packages causes unwanted interferences across the digital and analog-radio frequency (RF) sections of the package, which is a major challenge yet to be addressed. This dissertation focused on the chip-last method of embedding chips within cavities in organic packages and addressed the challenges for preserving power integrity in such packages. The challenges associated with electromagnetic coupling in packages when chips are embedded within the substrate layers are identified, analyzed and demonstrated. The presence of the chip embedded within the package introduces new interaction mechanisms between the chip and package that have not been encountered in conventional packages with surface mounted chips. It is of significant importance to understand the chip-package interaction mechanisms, for ensuring satisfactory design of systems with embedded actives. The influence of the electromagnetic coupling from the package on the bulk substrate and bond-pads of the embedded chip are demonstrated. Solutions that remedy the noise coupling using Electromagnetic Band-Gap structures (EBGs) along with design methodologies for their efficient implementation in multilayer packages are proposed. This dissertation presents guidelines for designing efficient power distribution networks in multilayer packages with embedded chips.
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Thursby, William R. Jr, et Benjamin M. Shirley. « LOW COST SUBMINIATURE TELEMETRY SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION/VALIDATION ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608417.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) plans to demonstrate subminiature telemetry (SMT) spread spectrum technology, via an upgraded prototype SMT system, to validate its cost-effectiveness for both Department of Defense (DoD) and commercial use. The goal is to develop new and/or modify current SMT instrumentation using existing production methods to provide increased capabilities at lower costs and reduced size. The transmitter is to require less than 2 cubic inches of space and have a cost goal of $500/unit "in quantity." The cost goal of a ground-based, 24-channel capable ground receiver is $4000/unit "in quantity". The SMT project as well as its schedule, flight and ground demonstrations, validation criteria and goals, and various benefits are discussed.
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Livres sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Jiménez, Antonio Núñez. Cuba en las marquillas cigarreras del siglo XIX = : Cuba as portrayed in 19th century cigarette lithographs = Cuba dans les lithographies de cigarettes au XIXe siècle. La Habana : Ediciones Turísticas de Cuba, 1985.

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Dow, Rosey. How to be a millionaire : Love comes in an unexpected package during the 1880's. Waterville, Me : Thorndike Press, 2010.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs. The future of the Federal Home Loan Bank System : Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on the need for a comprehensive legislative package to update and to strengthen the Federal Home Loan Bank System's mission, structure, capital requirements, and regulatory oversight, June 15, 1994. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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RIGBY. The Animal Band : Leveled Reader Bookroom Package Purple. RIGBY, 1998.

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Roussakis. Instructor's Package for Cases in Commercial Bank Management. Wiley, 1995.

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Band Expressions[tm], Book Two Teacher Edition : Curriculum Package (Expressions Music Curriculum[tm]). Alfred Publishing Company, 2006.

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undifferentiated, Robert Smith, Michael Story et Susan Smith. Band Expressions[tm], Book One Teacher Edition : Curriculum Package (Expressions Music Curriculum[tm]). Alfred Publishing Company, 2004.

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Hill, McGraw. Everyday Mathematics, Grades K-4, Rubber Bands (Package Of 400). McGraw-Hill Education, 2004.

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(EDT), Alfred Publishing. Band Expressions[tm], Book One : Teacher Edition : Teacher Curriculum Package (Texas Edition) (Expressions Music Curriculum[tm]). Alfred Publishing Company, 2005.

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Seidman, Laurence. What Is Stimulus without Debt ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462178.003.0003.

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Stimulus without debt is a policy that would increase aggregate demand for goods and services in a recession without increasing government debt. Stimulus without debt consists of a transfer (not loan) from the central bank to the national treasury (or to national treasuries in the case of the eurozone) so that the treasury does not have to borrow to finance fiscal stimulus enacted by the legislature. In the United States, Congress would enact a fiscal stimulus package that consists mainly of cash tax rebates to households but also other temporary expenditures and temporary tax cuts; the fiscal stimulus would raise aggregate demand. The Federal Reserve would use new money to give a large transfer (not loan) to the Treasury equal to the fiscal stimulus package so that the Treasury does not have to borrow to pay for the package. Hence, there would be no increase in government debt.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Nilson, Robert H., Stewart K. Griffiths et Anup K. Singh. « Injection of Sample Bands from open Channels Into Packed Separation Columns ». Dans Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 97–99. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0295-0_32.

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Xiao-qiang, Wang. « Introduction : The Inconsistencies of the Big Bang : Is it a Comprehensive Package ? » Dans China’s Price and Enterprise Reform, 3–8. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14531-7_1.

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Grégoire, Gilles, Christophe Destouches, Clément Fausser et Nicolas Thiollay. « Presentation of the CALMAR-ECORCES Spectrum Adjustment Package Available at the NEA Data Bank ». Dans Reactor Dosimetry : 16th International Symposium, 257–64. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160820170092.

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Holzer, Lorenz, Philip Marmet, Mathias Fingerle, Andreas Wiegmann, Matthias Neumann et Volker Schmidt. « Tortuosity-Porosity Relationships : Review of Empirical Data from Literature ». Dans Tortuosity and Microstructure Effects in Porous Media, 51–89. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30477-4_3.

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AbstractIt is generally assumed that transport resistance in porous media, which can also be expressed as tortuosity, correlates somehow with the pore volume fraction. Hence, mathematical expressions such as the Bruggeman relation (i.e., τ2 = ε−1/2) are often used to describe tortuosity (τ)—porosity (ε) relationships in porous materials. In this chapter, the validity of such mathematical expressions is critically evaluated based on empirical data from literature. More than 2200 datapoints (i.e., τ – ε couples) are collected from 69 studies on porous media transport. When the empirical data is analysed separately for different material types (e.g., for battery electrodes, SOFC electrodes, sandstones, packed spheres etc.), the resulting τ versus ε—plots do not show clear trend lines, that could be expressed with a mathematical expression. Instead, the datapoints for different materials show strongly scattered distributions in rather ill-defined ‘characteristic’ fields. Overall, those characteristic fields are strongly overlapping, which means that the τ – ε characteristics of different materials cannot be separated clearly. When the empirical data is analysed for different tortuosity types, a much more consistent pattern becomes apparent. Hence, the observed τ − ε pattern indicates that the measured tortuosity values strongly depend on the involved type of tortuosity. A relative order of measured tortuosity values then becomes apparent. For example, the values observed for direct geometric and mixed tortuosities are concentrated in a relatively narrow band close to the Bruggeman trend line, with values that are typically < 2. In contrast, indirect tortuosities show higher values, and they scatter over a much larger range. Based on the analysis of empirical data, a detailed pattern with a very consistent relative order among the different tortuosity types can be established. The main conclusion from this chapter is thus that the tortuosity value that is measured for a specific material, is much more dependent on the type of tortuosity than it is dependent on the material and its microstructure. The empirical data also illustrates that tortuosity is not strictly bound to porosity. As the pore volume decreases, the more scattering of tortuosity values can be observed. Consequently, any mathematical expression that aims to provide a generalized description of τ − ε relationships in porous media must be questioned. A short section is thus provided with a discussion of the limitations of such mathematical expressions for τ − ε relationships. This discussion also includes a description of the rare and special cases, for which the use of such mathematical expressions can be justified.
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Berhab, Souad, Abderrahim Annou et Fouad Chebbara. « Reconfigurable Low-Profile Antenna-Based Metamaterial for On/Off Body Communications ». Dans Handbook of Research on Emerging Designs and Applications for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits, 166–200. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5955-3.ch007.

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This chapter proposes a novel method to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) of a compact CPW antenna. A combination of three efficient techniques is employed to develop a dual-band bowtie metamaterial antenna with safer SARs. Following this approach, the authors have designed a low-profile antenna with a footprint of only 0.074λ02 and low backward radiation. The simulated results confirm the antenna's suitability for wireless body area network devices operating in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) at 5.33 GHz and 18.17 GHz frequency bands for military radar applications. The authors have developed two oppositely faced B-shaped resonators to form the bowtie-shaped DNG unit cell. A compact size and dual-band operation were attained by loading the bowtie-shaped into the CPW antenna. The antenna's conception used the available package CST software, printed on Rogers RT5880, and the CPW-fed monopole mechanism for the excitation.
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« 71 Bank tube package weight ». Dans Industrial Water Tube Boiler Design, 222. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110757088-071.

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Karmakar, Nemai Chandra. « Smart Antennas for Automatic Radio Frequency Identification Readers ». Dans Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing, 648–77. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.ch040.

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Various smart antennas developed for automatic radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are presented. The main smart antennas types of RFID readers are switched beam, phased array, adaptive beams forming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. New development in the millimeter wave frequency band?60 GHz and above? exploits micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices and nano-components. Realizing the important of RFID applications in the 900 MHz frequency band, a 3×2-element planar phased array antenna has been designed in a compact package at Monash University. The antenna covers 860-960 GHz frequency band with more than 10 dB input return loss, 12 dBi broadside gain and up to 40° elevation beam scanning with a 4-bit reflection type phase shifter array. Once implemented in the mass market, RFID smart antennas will contribute tremendously in the areas of RFID tag reading rates, collision mitigation, location finding of items and capacity improvement of the RFID system.
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Karmakar, Nemai Chandra. « Smart Antennas for Automatic Radio Frequency Identification Readers ». Dans Handbook on Advancements in Smart Antenna Technologies for Wireless Networks, 449–73. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-988-5.ch021.

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Various smart antennas developed for automatic radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are presented. The main smart antennas types of RFID readers are switched beam, phased array, adaptive beamfsorming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. New development in the millimeter wave frequency band?60 GHz and above? exploits micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices and nano-components. Realizing the important of RFID applications in the 900 MHz frequency band, a 3×2-element planar phased array antenna has been designed in a compact package at Monash University. The antenna covers 860-960 GHz frequency band with more than 10 dB input return loss, 12 dBi broadside gain and up to 40° elevation beam scanning with a 4-bit reflection type phase shifter array. Once implemented in the mass market, RFID smart antennas will contribute tremendously in the areas of RFID tag reading rates, collision mitigation, location finding of items and capacity improvement of the RFID system.
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Rodrigo, Olivares-Caminal, Guynn Randall D, Kornberg Alan W, Paterson Sarah et Singh Dalvinder. « Part II Bank Resolution, 9 European Bank Resolution Regime ». Dans Debt Restructuring. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192848109.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 explains the salient features of the European framework of resolution. It will also explain separately the European Banking Authority (EBA) technical standards and/or guidance where necessary to assist the interpretation of the provisions in the directive. It explains the key features of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2015 (BRRD). It also looks at the lessons learnt resulting in revisions (as part of the European Banking Package) introduced by BRRD II and SRMR II adopted in 2019. The chapter also explains the key features of the Banking Union with specific reference to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and a Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) and their respective roles in bank resolution for those Member States participating in the Banking Union.
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van Esterik, Penny. « The Packaged Past : Implications for Thai Heritage ». Dans Designs on Pots. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728461_ch06.

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The final chapter of Designs on Pots broadens the discussion to examine how Ban Chiang is framed in relation to Thai national identity and heritage production. The chapter reviews UNESCO approaches to tangible and intangible heritage and heritage tourism in mainland Southeast Asia. It explores how the non-Buddhist parts of the Thai patrimony are handled in heritage discourses and how conflicting values are negotiated in relation to policies around heritage and nationalism in Thailand. The book concludes with a discussion of the place of Ban Chiang both in Thai national heritage and in world prehistory, using the concept of regional civility to draw attention to the uniqueness of Southeast Asia as a region.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Tang, Feng, et Jin T. Wang. « Dielectric Properties of 0.9PMNTa-0.1PT Relaxor ». Dans ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1723.

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Abstract Ta-Modified lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate crystalline solutions 0.9PbMg1/3(Nb(1−x)Tax)2/3O3-0.1PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) were first synthesized. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the ceramic for different compositions as a function of frequency and temperature were measured using a Hewlett Packard 4284A LCR precision meter, which can cover a frequency range from 20 to 106Hz in a Delta 9039 test chamber operated between −75°C to +330°C. Dramatic changes of the dielectric properties were observed in Ta-modified 0.9PMN-0.1PT. It was noticed that the samples with appropriate amount of Ta-doping (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) have smaller grain size, larger dielectric constant, and lower dielectric loss than those of the specimens without doping (x = 0.0) or over doping (x = 1.0) in the frequency band of 100 – 105Hz. Proper Ta-doping in PMN-PT also resulted in a weaker frequency dispersion. It was also found that with increasing of Ta addition x, the transition temperature shifts downward to the lower temperature and the peaks of the dielectric constant versus temperature are getting sharper. Ta-doped PMNTa-PT shows a typical relaxor behavior.
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Duval, L., C. Chaux et S. Ker. « Seismic data analysis with dual-tree M-band wavelet transforms ». Dans 69th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshop Package. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201405088.

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Yu, Syun, Chang-sheng Chen, Chang-lin Wei, Cheng-hua Tsia, Uei-ming Jow, Chin-sun Shyu, Sinn-juh Lay et Min-lin Lee. « Embedded Wide-Band Filter on Rigid / Flex. Multilayer PCB for SiP ». Dans 2006 International Microsystems, Package, Assembly Conference Taiwan. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2006.312187.

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Zeng, Xiangyin, Jiangqi He et Baoshu Xu. « Full Band S-Parameter Generation Methodology for High Speed Package Interconnect Modeling ». Dans ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73307.

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Beyond GHz operation frequency and Gb/s transfer rate bring a big challenge to high speed package interconnect designs. To make sure the product meets the specifications, signal integrity analysis has to be done carefully for critical signals before tape out for manufacturing. In order to obtain an accurate signal integrity modeling, the package interconnect must be accurately modeled. Frequency domain S-parameter has been widely used to replace the traditional package lumped model characterized by the fixed values of R, L, and C, which is no longer accurate. To facilitate the time domain analysis, equivalent circuits or behavioral macro models can be established based on the frequency domain S-parameter. In order to obtain a stable, casual and accurate time domain response, the S-parameter should be accurate in the full frequency band from DC to the interested maximum frequency. Usually full wave electromagnetic simulators are used to obtain the package S-parameter. The obtained S-parameter is very accurate in high frequency band, but unfortunately poor in low frequency band which is usually an extrapolation of the high frequency results. Improper use of such EM tools will result in wrong S-parameter, which may sometimes bring instability to the final results in a time-domain simulator based on direct convolution. The equivalent circuit synthesized from the high frequency S-parameter may also generate poor result due to lack of accurate information in the low frequency band. In this paper, we first address the theoretic al reason for the inaccurate low frequency result from the full wave electromagnetic simulators. Then we introduce a new process to generate accurate S-parameter in the full interested frequency band. In the process, the frequency band is divided into three parts, the low frequency range, middle frequency range, and the high frequency range. Skin effect phenomenon is found to be the physical explanation for the frequency band division. It is found that properly choosing EM tools in the proper frequency band is the key to get accurate full band S-parameters.
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Vorozhtsov, A. L., P. A. Yust et I. M. Petrenko. « APPLICATION OF LTCC TECHNOLOGY IN MICROWAVE LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER IMPLEMENTATION AS A PART OF A SYSTEM IN A PACKAGE ». Dans EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF CREATION OF ULTRA BAND RADIO ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Technical University», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/978-5-8149-3074-3-60-66.

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Mahon, Simon J., Anthony P. Fattorini, Emmanuelle R. O. Convert, Rodney G. Mould, Peter W. Evans et James T. Harvey. « Packaged Q band medium power amplifier ». Dans 2011 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas.2011.6105851.

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McKeel, Charles A., et Allen C. Smith. « Strain Gage Test Results of Band-Type Locking Rings for a Typical Drum Type Radioactive Material Package ». Dans ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1619.

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Band type closure rings are commonly used for securing the drum lid on radioactive material packages of lower weight classifications. Lid installation is achieved by placing the band around the perimeter of the lidded drum and tightening the single bolt in stages until a designated torque value is obtained. The band is subjected to heavy rapping with a soft hammer during installation to equilibrate the band strains around the drum perimeter. The study described here investigated the strain distributions in the band throughout the installation process. The results show that a uniform strain distribution is achieved during installation and that the hammering of the band aids in achieving the uniform distribution. The results of the strain levels after the drop test indicate that the locking rings maintain some pre-tension, even after severe targeted drops that crush a portion of the drum top.
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Snir, Nadav, Noam Bar-Helmer, Roman Pasternak et Dror Regev. « A packaged X-band low noise amplifier ». Dans 2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems - COMCAS. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas.2009.5386013.

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Xue, Mei, Zhan Li, Xiaoliang Ma, Ke Wang, Yu Zhao et Chunliang Xu. « Design of L band leadless package limiter ». Dans 2022 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt55580.2022.10023316.

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Abdellatif, Ahmed Shehata, Wenyao Zhai, Hari Krishna Pothula et David Wessel. « E-band Phased Array eWLB Package Evaluation ». Dans 2022 52nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumc54642.2022.9924363.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Packard Band"

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Felipe, Jesus, Scott Fullwiler, Donna Faye Bajaro, Al-Habbyel Yusoph, Simon Alec Askin et Martin Alexander Cruz. An Analysis of the Worldwide Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic : What and How Much ? Asian Development Bank, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200353-2.

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This paper analyzes the packages implemented by the 68 members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), plus the European Central Bank and the European Union, to combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the ADB COVID-19 Policy Database, the paper (i) provides a detailed account of the measures taken and the amounts announced between 20 April and 15 June; (ii) discusses the specifics of five Asian economies by comparing their financial packages qualitatively and quantitatively; and (iii) includes a statistical analysis to understand what determines the size of a package, which allows comparison between actual and estimated packages, given the correlates.
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Fryer, Michelle. Country Program Evaluation : Bolivia (2008-2010). Inter-American Development Bank, mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010553.

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This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) is an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the Bank's program with the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia) over the span 2008-2010. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) is an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the Bank's program with the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia) over the span 2008-2010. OVE evaluated the programming exercise's intent, its relevance to stated country and Bank priorities, country program delivery efficiency, coherence of the products used by the program, and the ultimate development impact of the Bank's actions. Broadly, OVE recommends that the Bank continues to work in line with the main points of the previous CPE (document RE-340); assess it personnel and resource allocation, as well as, reviews and updates its incentives package; and assess its programming strengths and configure its support accordingly.
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Lai, Sharon, Kevin Lane et Laura Nunn. The Term Funding Facility : Has It Encouraged Business Lending ? Reserve Bank of Australia, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-07.

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The Reserve Bank of Australia's Term Funding Facility (TFF) was announced in March 2020 as part of a package of policy measures to support the Australian economy. It achieved a key objective of providing banks with three-year low-cost funding and was available for drawdown until 30 June 2021. This paper examines the effectiveness of the TFF in increasing the supply of credit to businesses, which was another one of the objectives of the program. Using bank-level data and a difference-in-differences approach, we find no statistically significant evidence that the TFF increased credit supply to businesses. However, our confidence intervals are wide and there are significant identification challenges involved in disentangling the effects of the TFF from the effects of pandemic-related disruptions and other policy interventions on credit supply and demand. Nonetheless, the TFF provided an assured source of funding at a time of considerable stress in the financial system and lowered banks' funding costs, and any effects on business lending via these channels may not be fully reflected in our results.
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D, Masson, Nicolas S, Szumilin E et Balkan S. The design, implementation, and effectiveness of teen models of care : lessons from MSF supported programmes providing treatment and care for adolescents aged 10 to 19 living with HIV in Malawi and Uganda. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières, avril 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/3mmnvmad0.

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This “lessons learned” report presents a thorough documentation of the implementation process of the models of care for adolescents (aged ~10-19 years) living with HIV (ALHIV) in two HIV programmes supported by MSF. The first is in Arua, a town in the West Nile Province in Uganda and, the second, in Chiradzulu rural district, Southern Malawi. Both countries are among the top 15 countries to be affected by HIV in the world. Whilst Arua is in a lower HIV-prevalent setting, Chiradzulu district remains one of the most affected regions of Malawi. The key lessons learned from this implementation were: ▸ Schedule all adolescents on the same day(s); preferably during out-of-school hours. ▸ Ensure disclosure is a repeated and ongoing process and not an on/off one. ▸ Maintain close collaboration between clinicians and counsellors to continuously transmit information to the changing and evolving concerns of teens. ▸ Organize sessions by age band, separating the pre-pubescent adolescents from older ones. Full HIV disclosure is recommended before integrating the adolescents into group activities. ▸ Include sexual and reproductive health in the package of care. Health workers and peers must be trained to address the specific concerns of adolescents. ▸ Recognize peers are an important asset to conveying messages and sharing positive experiences. While peers are useful actors in the management of teens, they should not be solely responsible for managing the cases of adolescents failing on treatment. ▸ Perform a viral load (VL) every six months for this vulnerable age group. Point-of-care VL, with same-day results, permits a rapid management of the unsuppressed patients, and requires logistic organization in rural contexts. ▸ Utilize a multidisciplinary team – clinicians, counsellors, psychologists, social workers, and peers – to address the complex situations faced by some adolescents.
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Simon, James E., Uri M. Peiper, Gaines Miles, A. Hetzroni, Amos Mizrach et Denys J. Charles. Electronic Sensing of Fruit Ripeness Based on Volatile Gas Emissions. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568762.bard.

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An electronic sensory system for the evaluation of headspace volatiles was developed to determine fruit ripeness and quality. Two prototype systems were designed, constructed, and later modified. The first is an improved version of our original prototype electronic sniffer using a single head sensing unit for use as a single or paired unit placed on an individual fruit surface for applications in the field, lab, or industry. The second electronic sniffer utilizes a matrix of gas sensors, each selected for differential sensitivity to a range of volatile compounds. This system is more sophisticated as it uses multiple gas sensors, but was found to enhance the ability of the sniffer to classify fruit ripeness and quality relative to a single gas sensor. This second sniffer was designed and constructed for the sampling of fresh-cut or whole packs of fruits such as packaged strawberries and blueberries, and can serve as a prototype for research or commercial applications. Results demonstrate that electronic sensing of fruit ripeness based on aromatic volatile gas emissions can be used successfully with fresh frits. Aroma sensing was successful for classifying ripeness in muskmelons, including different cultivars, apples, blueberries, strawberries, and in a complimentary BARD project on tomatoes. This system compared favorably to the physicochemical measurements traditionally employed to assess fruit maturity. This nondestructive sensory system can detect the presence of physically damaged fruits and shows excellent application for use in quality assessment. Electronic sensors of the tin oxide type were evaluated for specificity toward a wide range of volatiles associated with fruit ripeness. Sensors were identified that detected a broad range of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, and volatile sulfur compounds, as well as individual volatiles associated with fruit ripening across a wide concentration range. Sensors are not compound specific, thus, the matrix of sensors coupled with discrimination analysis provides a fingerprint to identify the presence of compounds and to assess alterations in fresh products due to alterations in volatile emissions. Engineering developments led to the development of a system to compensate for temperature and relative humidity relative to on-line aroma sensing with melons for ripeness determination and to reduce response time, thus permitting the electronic sniffer to be used for monitoring both fresh and processed food products. The sniffer provides a fast, reliable and nondestructive tool to assess fruit ripeness and quality. We hope that our work will foster the introduction and utilization of this emerging technology into the agricultural and horticultural
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml et Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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ADB’s Rapid COVID-19 Response in Southeast Asia. Asian Development Bank, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/arm210162-2.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had devastating impacts in Southeast Asia. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) quickly responded with a substantial assistance package, and continues to work on additional support to help countries address the impacts of the pandemic. ADB’s support has been focused on three crucial areas: (i) supporting healthcare responses to save lives; (ii) supporting the poorest and most vulnerable suffering dire economic hardship; and (iii) addressing the devastating impacts of COVID-19 on businesses and economies to help countries rebound after the crisis.
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