Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Ozone – Réactivité (chimie) »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Ozone – Réactivité (chimie)":
Net-David-Buytaert, Sopheak. « Etude de la réactivité hétérogène des composés organiques issus de la combustion de la biomasse ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11034.pdf.
Biomass combustion is one of the major sources of fine organic materials (<2. 5μm), which contribution has been estimated at more than 70% of the total organic fraction of aerosols and more than 50% of the mass PM2. 5 in urban areas. The transformation of this ultrafine particulate matter and its impact on climate, environment and health, yet remains an intriguing question. Moreover, the heterogeneous interactions between the gas-phase oxidants and aerosol particles in the atmosphere are not completely resolved. One of the primary goals of this thesis was to develop new knowledge towards chemical and photochemical heterogeneous chemistry of the organic compounds produced from wood combustion processes. To this end, the heterogeneous reactions between gaseous ozone and 12 of the most representative wood combustion products adsorbed on the silica particles were carried out at various experimental conditions of atmospheric relevance. The results obtained in this work show the importance of heterogeneous reactivities at the interface gas/particles. This type of reactions gives secondary products with a range of physico-chemical properties, i. E. Variable volatiliy, polarity and molecular masses (sometimes even oligomers). Such secondary products may interact with the gas, aqueous and solid phase in the atmosphere. In this thesis, the kinetic constants of chemical and photochemical reactions were determined as well. The reaction products were identified and the major products were confirmed and quantified by their corresponding standards
Blanc, Béatrice. « L'ozone dans le procédé de fabrication de pâtes à papier chimiques blanches : étude de la décomposition et de la réactivité de l'ozone sur des solides divisés et des fibres cellulosiques en phase gazeuse ». Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT009G.
Le, Crâne Jean-Paul. « Etude expérimentale de la réactivité de radicaux issus de l'oxydation troposphérique des aldéhydes : application aux réactions de terminaison des processus de formation en chaîne de l'ozone ». Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13012.
El, masri Ahmad. « Étude cinétique et mécanistique de la réactivité des composés organophosphorés avec les photooxydants atmosphériques ». Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS026/document.
This thesis establishes the mechanism of heterogeneous degradation of chlorpyrifos (CLP) towards OH-radicals and ozone for CLP on quartz plaques and towards ozone for various contaminations of sand with CLP. The kinetic constants of the heterogeneous degradation are determined in a photo-chemical reactor coupled with a GC/MS. The chlorpyriphos-oxon (CLPO) and the trichloropyridinol (TCP) are the degradation products in the heterogeneous phase for different oxidizer and medium. The heterogeneous reactivity of CLPO towards ozone and OH-radicals are also studied. The results show that the OH-radicals constitute the main pathway of heterogeneous degradation of the CLP and that the CLPO is more persistent than the CLP. The CLPO can be transported far from its point of application. The heterogeneous ozonolysis of the CLP on sand shows that the kinetics are dependent of the contamination in CLP with an exponential behavior.The mechanism established from the analysis of products detected in the condensed phase plans the formation of small organophosphate molecules transferred in the gas phase. We studied the reactivity of two volatile organophosphate molecules the O,O,O-triethylphosphate (TEP) and the O,O-diethylethylphosphonate (DEEP) towards OH-radicals and towards the atomic chlorine in gas phase as a function of the temperature. The TEP and the DEEP present rate constants above 10-10 cm3.molecule-1.s-1. These molecules thus quickly degrade in the atmosphere and are source of a local photochemical pollution.Finally, to complete the degradation pattern of the CLP, its gas phase UV spectra is measured and its constant of photolysis is determined to 1,8 10-5 s-1, involving a photolysis life time of around 16 hours
Kalalian, Carmen. « Réactivité atmosphérique des composés organiques volatils oxygénés biogéniques (aldéhydes et alcools insaturés). Etudes cinétiques de la réaction entre les radicaux peroxyles et le radical nitrate ». Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS023/document.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) account for 90% of VOC emissions in the atmosphere. These VOCs can be removed from the atmosphere by reaction with photo-oxidants (OH, NO3, Cl and O3) as well as by photolysis. All these processes are governed by a chain mechanism whose carriers are mainly free radicals such as peroxy radicals RO2. Hence the importance of characterizing the reactivity of these species that play a key role in the atmospheric degradation of VOCs. In this context, this thesis focuses on the determination of the temperature dependent kinetic data as well as the mechanism of the ozonolysis reaction and the UV absorption spectra along the photolysis of six unsaturated oxygenated VOCs (trans- 2-pentenal, trans-2-hexenal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, 1-penten-3-ol, cis-2-penten-1-ol and trans-3-hexen-1-ol). Likewise, the temperature dependent kinetic parameters of the reaction of three peroxy radicals (CH3OCH2O2, CH3C(O)CH2O2 et (CH3)2C(OH)CH2O2) with nitrate radicals were also determined. Three experimental setups coupled to treatment methods were used to extract these data: an atmospheric simulation chamber coupled to both a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometry (GC/MS), a device for measuring UV-Visible spectra and a laser photolysis coupled with UV-visible spectrometry and laser diode spectroscopy. The kinetic parameters were used to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of the studied species. While the mechanistic data were used to establish their ozonolysis mechanisms. All the collected data enrich kinetic, mechanistic and spectroscopic databases, improving atmospheric models specially those involving VOCs
BORGET, Fabien. « Etude de l'adsorption de l'ozone et du cyanoacétylène sur une surface de glace d'eau : un modèle de chimie du milieu interstellaire ». Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008849.
Ricquebourg, Emilie. « Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo
Haider, Kawssar Mujtaba. « Role of the organic waste products reactivity in secondary organic aerosol formation ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR068.
Recycling of organic waste products (OWP) as agricultural fertilizers is nowadays expanding as a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach compared to the traditional methods of waste disposal. However, OWP spreading may release various pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC), which adversely affect the ecosystem and human health through ozone production and may serve as critical precursors of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The measurement of VOCs emitted by OWPs is therefore essential to assess their environmental and human health impact and, furthermore, to fundamentally understand the associated SOA formation mechanisms, which remain to date poorly documented. With this aim, we studied the VOC emissions from various sewage sludge (SS) samples, animal manure (cow, horse, sheep and goat) and digestate biowastes, along with their gas-phase oxidation products due to ozonolysis reactions. With the development of an experimental set-up consisting of atmospheric simulation chambers combined with mass spectrometric techniques, it has become possible to characterize the VOC emissions and follow the process of new particle formation (NPF) upon ozonolysis. We used proton transfer reaction quadrupole-ion-guide time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-QiTOF-MS) and thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) techniques to identify and quantify the VOC emissions from each sample. In addition, we studied the chemical composition of SOA using two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS). Our results showed that sewage sludge, animal manure and digestate biowaste samples emitted a large spectrum of VOCs where 380, 385 and 221 compounds were detected and quantified, respectively. The assigned VOCs were classified into different chemical families: hydrocarbons, oxygenated, sulphuric, nitrogenated, and "other" compounds (containing distinct heteroatoms in the molecular formula). Sewage sludge samples were characterized by high emission flux of hydrocarbons such as aromatic compounds (phenol, indoles and skatole), terpenes (isoprene, D-limonene, sesquiterpenes, etc.). Oxygenated compounds (e.g., ethanol, butanone, cresol, acetic acid, phenol) were highly emitted from digestate biowastes and manure samples. Nitrogenated compounds (ammonia, trimethylamine, skatole, etc.) and sulphur compounds (methanethiol, DMS, DMDS, etc.) were also found in this work. Significant skatole emissions were estimated from undigested SS and digestate biowastes. The ozonolysis of skatole resulted in the formation of 2-acetyl phenyl formamide identified as the main skatole ozonolysis product. The NPF mechanism was demonstrated. Our findings imply that during OWPs spreading, skatole is an important potential contributor to the formation of new particles under atmospherically relevant conditions. The results of this work would advance our knowledge of VOCs and their impact on SOA formation and would be helpful in understanding the OWP emission characteristics and designing effective emission control strategies
Coeur, Cécile. « Contribution à la mesure des émissions biogéniques du pourtour méditerranéen : étude des artefacts analytiques de certains terpènes et de la réactivité de l'acétate de bornyle avec le radical hydroxyl ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10103.
Ricquebourg, Emilie. « Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo