Thèses : « Over-supply »

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Turner, Laura. « Three essays on family labour supply and health over the life cycle ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27815.

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The three essays in this thesis explore how intrahousehold decision making interacts with evolving health, disability shocks and aging to determine life cycle patterns of labour supply and retirement among Canadian and U.S. households. One of the main roles of marriage and cohabitation is to provide individuals with insurance against idiosyncratic risk such as health and disability shocks. The extent and effects of this insurance depend on how household members interact and delegate tasks--for instance, whether they can specialize and easily transition between home-based or market-based work--and the extent to which household members commit to and cooperate with each other. The first two chapters of the thesis document and provide a structural explanation for the fact that, in general, marriage is associated not only with better health outcomes but also with better economic outcomes conditional on health status. The final chapter suggests that these better outcomes, and the role of public policy in facilitating them, may be contingent on how cooperative household members are with each other when making career and retirement decisions. In general, the results suggest that household-level interactions have important implications for aggregate labour supply and human capital; for the role and appropriate use of public policy; and for the welfare of individuals confronted with uncertainty over the length and productivity of their working life.

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Ryan, Paul A. « Industrial networks : supply systems and inter-firm relations over extended geographical distance ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286699.

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Galewicz, Marie Christine. « The effects of Marketing over the Supply Chain - the Case of Škoda ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165961.

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We will go through an overview of the car industry in Europe and the rest of the world, then we will explain what is the impact of the Marketing - online Marketing - on customer decision when buying a car. This will lead us to analyze car manufacturers Supply Chain and how are reflected customer choice in the production process. Finally we will approach the latest solution found by car manufacturers and adopted by Volkswagen group: platform sharing.

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Lodha, Rakesh. « An Event-Trigger-Rule based supply-chain management system over the Internet ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001163.

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Moore, Amy Marie. « Estimating freight costs over a multi-modal network : an auto industry supply chain example ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47706.

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The objective of this research is to implement multi-modal cost calculations on a freight transportation network, in order to estimate the cost of freight shipments from parts suppliers to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and from OEMs to final consumers involved in the automobile manufacturing industry supply chain. The research will describe gaps in the current freight cost estimation literature, determine the strengths and weaknesses of current practices, and offer possible improvement strategies. The necessary components for this research include: a multi-modal (highway-rail-water-air) network database, the geocoded locations and activity levels of auto industry parts suppliers and OEMs; freight movement cost functions; information on the modes and vehicle/vessel types used for the shipment of certain commodity types; and distance- based travel costs per-mile for these modes. A product of this line of research will be a method that other industries, in other locations, might also use to determine overall freight transportation costs throughout an entire supply chain. The present research effort provides an example using data gathered on the automobile manufacturing industry centered in Georgia and Alabama. The network-based freight costs derived in this research should also be useful in other applications, including the estimation of origin-to-destination flows, as well as in the estimation of transportation costs used in regional and statewide freight planning models.

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Brisotto, Ilaria <1992&gt. « The supply chain management in the automotive industry. An analysis over Fiat, Chrysler and FCA Group ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9318.

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Uno dei settori di studio più interessanti in materia di management è rappresentato dalla gestione della catena di fornitura. Essa cominciò ad acquisire particolare rilevanza nei primi anni del XX secolo, quando diversi esperti iniziarono ad interessarsi all'analisi dei modelli di gestione che caratterizzavano le relazioni tra acquirenti e fornitori. Lo studio dei tipi di interazione, che avvengono tra imprese di uno stesso settore, infatti, offre un ampio spettro di punti di vista per comprendere come queste strutturano il loro business. Qualità, affidabilità, volumi, prezzi, performance sono tutti fattori che determinano le strategie di marketing intraprese dalle aziende,e sono profondamente influenzati dal tipo di relazione che l’azienda leader decide di attuare con le imprese appartenenti alla sua catena di fornitura. Nell'industria automobilistica questo sistema causa/effetto è particolarmente evidente. I modelli di governance caratterizzarono i prodotti delle maggiori case automobilistiche a livello globale, le quali alternarono organizzazioni verticalmente ingrate con strutture più orizzontali o “snelle”. Questo elaborato intende analizzare l’evoluzione che ha contrassegnato la gestione della catena di fornitura nell'industria automobilistica. Con un capitolo introduttivo sulla letteratura verrà, quindi, presentato un breve excursus sulle più autorevoli scuole di pensiero legate a tale disciplina. Successivamente, attraverso i casi studio di Fiat, Chrysler e Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Group, si intende continuare con un’analisi applicata dei tipi di governance che hanno segnato la storia dell’attività di tali imprese. In particolare, si inizierà con un dettagliato esame delle pratiche di gestione della catena di fornitura che Fiat e Chrysler attuarono dalla loro fondazione al 2009. Proprio nel 2009 infatti, con l’acquisizione da parte di Fiat di alcune quote di Chrysler, iniziò la storia di Fiat-Chrysler. Nei primi anni dopo l’acquisizione, la nuova organizzazione si trovò ad affrontare diverse difficoltà relative alla creazione di una guida politica omogenea. L’ultima parte dell’elaborato, quindi, è dedicata allo studio delle strategie intraprese da Fiat e Chrysler per la gestione della fusione delle due aziende in un'unica entità quale FCA Group e di come questo influenzò la loro gestione della catena di fornitura.

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Wieland, Hanspeter, et Stefan Giljum. « Carbon footprint decomposition in MRIO models : identifying EU supply-chain hot spots and their structural changes over time ». WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5310/1/EcolEcon_WorkingPaper_2016_13.pdf.

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Politics' demand for informative consumption-based emission assessments based on multi-regional input output (MRIO) databases is steadily increasing. Based on the MRIO database EXIOBASE 3, we exemplify the utility of a range of analytical tools and discus their potential insights for consumption-based policies. The analysis decomposes the overall EU carbon footprint into product groups as well as into emitting regions. Subsequently, we illustrate the potential of applying production layer decomposition (PLD) and structural path analysis (SPA) for the assessment of global supply-chains related to the EU carbon footprint and their structural changes over time. We close with some policy ecommendations on reducing carbon footprint hot spots.
Series: Ecological Economic Papers

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Richardson, Emily. « Carry-Over Effects in Complex Life Cycles : Linking Larval Food Supply with Juvenile Recruitment Success in Sea Stars ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192804.

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The supply of new individuals into a population is one of the most important factors impacting species distributions and ecological interactions within a community. For marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, the supply of new individuals into a population can be influenced by factors experienced throughout their life history—before, during, or after metamorphosis. In recent years, scientists have begun to take a more holistic approach to understanding marine population assemblages by considering links between early life stages. When experiences in the pre-metamorphic life stages impact post-metamorphic life stages, this is known as carry-over effects. Because carry-over effects impact fitness of individuals, they could determine which individuals are recruited into the population and ultimately influence adult population structure. Using the keystone sea star Asterias forbesi, I tested how carry-over effects of larval food environment influence post-metamorphic performance in juveniles. I also tested whether carry-over effects could be compensated for if juvenile sea stars are fed juvenile mussels. Larvae were reared to metamorphosis under high larval food concentration and low larval food concentration. to test for carry-over effects of larval food concentration, my response variables at metamorphosis were survival, age, juvenile area, and juvenile spine number. to test if carry-over effects could be compensated for, each juvenile sea star was reared for 2-3 weeks on a juvenile feeding treatment of unfed, 1 juvenile mussel week-1, 3 juvenile mussels week-1, or 6 juvenile mussels week-1. My main response variables for the juvenile feeding experiment were mussel mass consumed and juvenile growth rate. I predicted that juveniles that settled early would experience the most severe carry-over effects, so I conducted the juvenile feeding experiment on the first settlers (“early”) and settlers that delayed their metamorphosis relative to the first settlers (“late”). Overall, I found that A. forbesi larvae reared under low food concentration took longer to reach metamorphosis and settled as smaller juveniles with fewer spines compared to those juveniles reared on high larval food concentration. For early settlers, juveniles from low larval food background metamorphosed at smaller sizes, so they reduced feeding and had lower mean growth rates compared to juveniles from high larval food background. Therefore, carry-over effects significantly impacted early settler performance, and this could not be overcome through juvenile feeding. However for late settlers, there was no significant difference in area at settlement between juveniles reared from high versus low larval food background. Therefore, carry-over effects of larval food environment were not present among late settlers, and thus there were no differences observed in juvenile performance. The differences observed between early and late settlers suggest that there may be a trade-off between larval duration time (i.e. delaying metamorphosis) and post-metamorphic performance.

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Laubenthal, Lilian [Verfasser]. « Cellular energy supply and aging in dairy cows : Characterization of different physiological states and impact of diet-induced over-condition / Lilian Laubenthal ». Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080591737/34.

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McKinnon, Gregory Colin, et n/a. « Supply of faculty teachers to individual high schools within the A.C.T. Schools' Authority, over the period 1983-1984 : an analysis of needs satisfaction ». University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061003.122421.

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This dissertation investigates the supply of and demand for High School teachers, working in prescribed faculty areas in Government schools in the A.C.T., over the period from January 1983 to July 1984, for all new temporary teachers appointed to the Service. Statistical details of vacancies for assistant teachers, in the 12 defined faculties of this study, were obtained from the Assistant Principals (Staffing) of the 17 A.C.T. High Schools, as well as from records maintained by the Staffing Officers of the A.C.T. Schools Office. The levels of High School teacher demand, for the period under investigation, are compared with similar statistics obtained for previous years in the A.C.T., as well with other Australian and international figures on teacher supply and demand. Through these comparisons, suggestions are made regarding emerging trends of teacher shortage, in particular faculty areas. Historical parallels are presented to supplement these arguments and to give underlying reasons for the projections that are made. The potential supply of faculty teachers over the period is investigated through an analysis of teacher faculty waiting lists. Numbers from these lists are compared with the actual demand statistics previously collected and a potential supply to vacancy ratio collected for each faculty area. A major part of the study is the construction of supply satisfaction indices, under the headings of: "Overall Satisfaction, Teaching Skills, Academic Qualifications, Other Requirements and Recruitment". These indices were derived from Likert type rating scales completed by the Assistant Principals, in respect of each of the 397 temporary teachers employed. After obtaining an average rating in each faculty, for the five measures of satisfaction, as determined by the Assistant Principals, observations are made as to how closely these indices match the corresponding potential supply indices. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparisons between the recruitment satisfaction index (i.e. - how quickly recruitment was expedited) and the potential supply ratio for each faculty. Reasons are advanced for any significant differences detected, and the overall findings interpreted in terms of possible future trends. The study concludes with an analysis of factors affecting the market for teachers. Recommendations are made for future planning that may offset problems which were detected in the A.C.T. market for High School teachers.

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MAZZA, MARIO. « Global markets and supply customization in urban trasportation system ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/40116.

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The increasing world’s population, mainly concentrated in urban areas, is leading to an increasing demand for transport services, which is an inescapable consequence of global trends. Indeed, evolving demographic, social and economic trends create dynamic demand for mobility by individuals, companies and governments. Developing and emerging countries manifest several needs mainly related to commuting mobility from home to work, infrastructures, production plants and machinery, housing, economies of scale and modern technologies. In these countries, passenger demand is growing due to increased separation between accommodation and work and, as a consequence, traffic in urban and metropolitan areas, as in surrounding regions, is progressively congested. On the contrary, networks and interactions between people for the creation of new knowledge characterize developed countries and the needs are referable to mobility during the working time, for shopping and for social purposes. More in general, cities, big and small, are faced by several challenges in health, mobility, social development, security, water and energy resource management, but nowadays their survival and sustainability depend more and more on a reliable and worthwhile transportation system. Indeed, especially in fast growing context, the issue of mobility and transport is the key challenge facing cities now and in future. In this context, cities represent the engine of the urban transportation systems industry and the present dissertation focuses on the response of global suppliers of rail-based solutions to increasing need of mobility. In global markets, where the time is considered a decisive factor (time-based competition) and the competitive space become broaden and dynamic (market-space management), the urban transportation systems suppliers could compete and survive only adopting a Market-Driven approach. The customization and the adaptation of the transportation systems to the requirements of several clients represent a primary challenge for global market’s suppliers, which need to organize their operations on flexibility and on non-competitive structures, such as networks, taking into account sub-suppliers, clients and even competitors. In borderless competitive arena besides Europe and United States, new markets are increasingly drawing the attention of global suppliers and in this dissertation through a field research has been examined the situation of the Saudi Arabia.

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Hedén, Eric, et Fredrik Tiedemann. « How to improve the inbound flow of an manufacturing company : Analyzing and refining the Customer-driven Purchasing method ». Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24419.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the CDP-method in order to develop and refine the method. The method is developed and presented in Bäckstrand (2012), with the aim to strengthen the competitiveness of manufacturing companies. Someone outside of the development context has never, until now and to the researchers knowledge, refined the method. Methodology: A multiple case study with four companies where used. The empirical data collected within the study where used to evaluate the CDP-method and to refine the method. The presented improvement is based on the empirical data and conceptual models developed from theory. Findings: Three improvements were developed. The first of them changed step 8 of the method, the second can´t be tied to a single step and is therefore an overall suggestion, whereas the third provides a new type of analysis within step 6 of the method. Research limitations: The research was conducted at companies where the CDP-method was already implemented. An implementation at a new company could possibly reveal another type of empirical data, which could be interpreted in a different way. The researchers have also detected areas that couldn’t be investigated within this research, these are identified and left for further research. Theoretical implications: Results from this thesis connect the classification of supply risk by Kraljic (1983) with supply chain strategy by Fisher (1997) to enable a new type of analysis. Furthermore, theory within the standardization and over-specification (e.g. Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010; Geldeman & van Weele, 2002) is introduced and incorporated in the CDP-method. A third implication is a reinforced focus on strategy in combination with the CDP-method, which is based on theory regarding strategic alignment (e.g. Gattorna & Walter, 1996; Hines, 2004). Managerial implications: The new analysis should, together with the CDP-method as a whole, strengthen adopting companies supply chain and improve internal and external communication. Originality/value: This thesis provides a new set of analysis in the CDP-method that could benefit practitioners.

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Hellgren, Erica, et Amanda Lindquist. « The interest for green telecom in East Africa : An evaluation over the market conditions and availability of solar based power supply for radio sites in East Africa ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235198.

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Samadi, Sascha [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheele et Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischedick. « The social costs of electricity supply : types of costs, their dynamics over time and how energy models take these costs into account / Sascha Samadi ; Ulrich Scheele, Manfred Fischedick ». Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159702055/34.

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Makong, Makahlolo. « Retention strategies for doctors and nurses in Lesotho : an implementation framework ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2559.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
This paper reviews retention strategies for Lesotho’s doctors and nurses and presented an implementation framework to support and promote staff retention. . Based on the increasing necessity to retain doctors and nurses, the implementation framework becomes an essential element of retention strategy. A qualitative and quantitative research design technique using a self-managed questionnaire and interviews was adopted to gather data. The 120 doctors and nurses make up a sample. The information was statistically analysed using SPSS and grounded theory. Results identified that the current implementation strategy has failed to increase the retention rate of doctors and nurses. It is hoped that the implementation framework presented in this paper would help to achieve increased retention rate for doctors and nurses.

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Green, Brian E. « Sharing Water : A Human Ecological Analysis of the Causes of Conflict and Cooperation Between Nations Over Freshwater Resources ». Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1039201377.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 159 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Kazimierz M. Slomczynski, Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159).

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Walther, Stefan. « Industrializing transportation networks an analysis and evaluation of alternative approaches to cargo transport services with special reference to the European over-the-road truckload carrier industry ». Aachen Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100214521X/04.

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Macrì, Marco Nicola. « The German economy : the gains in competitive advantage over the last three decades ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17058.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar alguns dos elementos que desencadearam a transformação económica da Alemanha, desde o período imediatamente posterior à sua unificação até à hegemonia económica europeia que detém atualmente . Desde o final da década de 1990 até o início dos anos 2000, a Alemanha era frequentemente referida como "the sick man of Europe". Hoje, após a Recessão de 2009, ela se estabeleceu como o motor do continente e superpotência regional. A primeira parte do estudo diz respeito ao processo que permitiu a queda dos salários reais, o que consequentemente causou uma redução no custo unitário do trabalho. Além disso, a German Central-European Supply Chain (GCESC), que representa uma cadeia global de valor entre a Alemanha e quatro países do antigo bloco soviético, teve de certa forma importância nas mudanças que afetaram a Alemanha na última década. Em seguida, a análise também descreve o impacto que a moeda do euro pode ter tido sobre a economia, ou seja, se ela teve alguma influência sobre o desenvolvimento do comércio. Os resultados sugerem que todos os elementos analisados nesta investigação, especificamente o crescimento comprimido dos salários, a integração na cadeia de valor identificada como a Cadeia de fornecimento da Alemanha Central e a moeda do euro tiveram alguns impactos na vantagem competitiva.
This research has as its main goal to unveil some of the elements that triggered the economic transformation of Germany, from the period immediately following its unification to a great deal of power it represents today. Since the late 1990s until the early 2000s, Germany was frequently referred to as "the sick man of Europe." Today, after the Great Recession of 2009, it has established itself as the engine of the continent and regional superpower. The first part of the study concerns the process that allowed the fall of real salaries, which has consequently caused a reduction in the unit cost of labor. Moreover, the German-Central European supply Chain (GCESC) which is a value chain between Germany and four countries of the former Soviet bloc, has had some degree of importance in the changes that have affected Germany in the last decade. Then the analysis also describes the impact that the Euro currency might have had on the economy, namely if it has had some influence on the development of trade. The findings suggest that all the elements analysed in this investigation, specifically the compressed growth of the salaries, the integration in the value chain identified as the German-Central European Supply Chain and the euro currency have had some impacts on the competitive advantage of Germany.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Hernández, Rodríguez Carol Frances. « The Dispute Over the Commons : Seed and Food Sovereignty as Decommodification in Chiapas, Mexico ». PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4403.

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Seeds have become one of the most contested resources in our society. Control over seeds has intensified under neoliberalism, and today four large multinational corporations control approximately 70 percent of the global seed market. In response to this concentration of corporate power, an international social movement has emerged around the concept of seed sovereignty, which reclaims seeds and biodiversity as commons and public goods. This study examines the relationship between the global dynamics of commodification and enclosure of seeds, and the seed sovereignty countermovement for decommodification. I approach this analysis through an ethnographic case study of one local seed sovereignty movement, in the indigenous central region of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. I spent eight months between 2015 and 2016 conducting field research and documenting the development of the Guardians of Mother Earth and Seeds project, a local initiative focused on seed and food sovereignty that was initiated in 2015 by DESMI, the most established NGO working in this region. It encompasses 25 peasant communities--22 indigenous and 3 mestizo--from the Los Altos, Norte-Tulijá, and Los Llanos regions of Chiapas. I also collected data from 31 other communities in the region involved to varying degrees with this agenda of seed and food sovereignty. This study incorporates both communities affiliated with the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) and non-Zapatista communities. Three research questions guide this dissertation: (1) How do the increasing industrialization and commodification of seed systems and agriculture affect peasant communities in Chiapas?; (2) How is the local seed and food sovereignty countermovement responding to those processes of commodification?; and (3) How does this case study contribute to understanding the relationship between capital's tendency to enclose the commons and the protective countermovements that attempt to resist such market encroachments? This study found that the development of industrial agriculture and the commodification of seeds at the global and national scales have implied neither the displacement of these communities' native seeds by commercial seeds, nor their privatization--two of the most frequent potential risks denounced by representatives of the national and international seed sovereignty movement. Instead, the main impact of industrial agriculture and Green Revolution policies in the study region has been the chemicalization of peasant agriculture, with attendant negative impacts on the environment and human health. I also found that subsistence agriculture--the main mechanism through which native seeds are reproduced within communities--is undergoing a process of severe deterioration, which partially responds to the neoliberal dismantling of governmental institutions and programs supporting peasant agriculture. A key finding of this research is that the deterioration of subsistence agriculture is the main risk that the neoliberal restructuring of agriculture poses to native seeds. In response to these developments, communities in this study have embraced a project of decommodification focused on enhancing and expanding their subsistence agriculture. This project encompasses agroecology, food production collectives, and initiatives for agro-biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration. I argue that this project contributes to the decommodification of subsistence agriculture in the region, primarily by strengthening the non-commodified structures that are essential for these communities social reproduction.

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Audo, Frédéric. « Opto-alimentation et transmission de données par fibre optique pour les observatoires de fond de mer ». Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782502.

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Ce mémoire de thèse est consacré à l'étude d'une liaison tout-optique longue de 10 km dédiée à l'extension d'un observatoire câblé de fond de mer existant afin d'atteindre de nouvelles zones d'exploration. Les travaux de recherche qui y sont rapportés démontrent la faisabilité de cette liaison tout-optique entre un instrument déporté et une station terrestre avec une seule fibre optique longue de 10 km, qui transmet simultanément la puissance, nécessaire à l'alimentation de l'instrument (quelques centaines de milliwatts), et des données bidirectionnelles en temps réel.Le contexte de cette thèse est présenté au travers d'un état de l'art sur les observatoires câblés et sur la puissance sur fibre. Le choix de la fibre unique et la présence de fortes puissances optiques complexifient la mise en oeuvre de cette extension tout-optique, et sont à l'origine de l'apparition d'interactions entre l'énergie optique dédiée à l'alimentation (@1480 nm) et les données échangées (@1550 nm). Tout au long de ce document, les choix technologiques retenus sont argumentés et les effets optiques non linéaires tels que les diffusions Raman, Brillouin, Rayleigh, l'Émission Spontanée Amplifiée (ASE) sont décrits, modélisés et analysés expérimentalement. L'extension tout-optique proposée a été caractérisée à la fois en régimes statique et dynamique par des mesures du bilan de liaison, du rapport signal à bruit (SNR) et du taux d'erreur binaire (BER). Les résultats obtenus montrent la possibilité de fournir 160 mW électrique à l'instrument déporté en utilisant une source optique continue de 33 dBm sans dégrader excessivement les données bidirectionnelles transmises simultanément (BER<10-7).

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Bennett, J. S. « Relationships between carbohydrate supply and reserves and the reproductive growth of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) ». Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1597.

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Viticultural practices such as trunk girdling and shoot topping along with defoliation, shading and node number per vine treatments were used to alter the carbohydrate physiology of mature Chardonnay grapevines growing in the cool climate of Canterbury, New Zealand. The timing of vine defoliation in the season previous to fruiting decreased concentrations of over-wintering carbohydrate reserves (mostly starch) in both the trunks and roots of grapevines. Roots were particularly sensitive, with defoliation as early as 4 weeks after bloom in the previous season reducing starch concentrations to 1.5%Dwt at bud burst compared with 17%Dwt in non-defoliated vines. In contrast, partial vine defoliation as early as bloom in the previous season reduced root starch concentrations to 4-7%Dwt at bud burst compared with 15%Dwt in non-defoliated vines. Vine shading and trunk girdling treatments at bloom in the previous season, resulted in small reductions in root starch concentrations (16%Dwt) compared with non-shaded and non-girdled vines (19%Dwt), but shoot topping did not. Study across three growing seasons established that higher concentrations of over-wintering trunk and root carbohydrate reserves were associated with warmer and sunnier weather in the previous growing season. Individual shoot leaf removal at either the beginning or towards the end of the inflorescence initiation period, reduced shoot starch concentrations to 3-6%Dwt compared with 11 %Dwt for no leaf removal, such reductions persisted through to the following season. Shoot topping at the start of the initiation period had no effect on shoot carbohydrate accumulation, but trunk girdling temporarily increased shoot starch concentrations during the first 31 days after treatment. Reductions in over-wintering trunk and root carbohydrate reserves were associated with a reduction in inflorescences per shoot and flowers per inflorescence in the following season, the reduction as much as 50% compared with non carbohydrate stressed vines. While there were strong linear or curvilinear relationships between the concentration of starch in trunks and roots at bud burst and inflorescences per shoot and flowers per inflorescence, in case the of inflorescences per shoot, there was not an immediate cause and effect because inflorescences were initiated in the previous season. Individual shoot leaf removal during the inflorescence initiation period illustrated that leaf removal directly inhibited the initiation of inflorescences in latent buds. Shoot carbohydrate measurements showed a strong curvilinear relationship to the number of inflorescences per shoot, with a threshold starch concentration of 10-12%Dwt during the inflorescence initiation period required for a maximum number of inflorescences per shoot. Furthermore, examination of individual node positions emphasised the importance of the subtending leaf on the initiation of inflorescences within the latent bud. The number of inflorescences per shoot post bud burst was reduced on vines that were both carbohydrate reserve stressed (by previous season's defoliation) and had a high node (108) number retained per vine after winter pruning compared with little or no reduction in inflorescences per shoot on carbohydrate reserve stressed vines that had a low (20) node number per vine. The reduction in inflorescences per shoot on high node vines was associated with reduced carbohydrate reserves and reduced shoot vigour (thinner and lighter shoots). Flowers per inflorescence were reduced by as much 50% in response to lower overwintering carbohydrate reserves. Fewer flowers per inflorescence were attributed to a reduction in primary branching of the inflorescence and also a reduction in flowers per branch. Strong linear relationships between the concentrations of starch in trunks and roots and flowers per inflorescence indicate that the determination of flowers per inflorescence, unlike inflorescences per shoot, may be dependent on the level of overwintering carbohydrate reserves. This is most likely due to changes in branching of the inflorescence and individual flower formation occurring during the bud burst period. Per cent fruitset was not affected by reductions in carbohydrate reserves, so fewer inflorescences per shoot and flowers per inflorescence resulted in reduced vine yield. The findings of this thesis indicate that changes in the level of carbohydrate production and partitioning in response to a range of viticultural management practices and seasonal weather contribute to seasonal variation in grapevine flowering and yields in New Zealand's cool climate environment. The relationships between carbohydrate reserves and flowering illustrate the potential to use this information to predict grapevine flowering and forecast yields. The practical implications of this research illustrate that the viticulturist must manage grapevines not only for the current crop, but also for subsequent crops by maintaining sufficient carbohydrate reserves for balanced growth flowering and fruiting from season to season.

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Hsieh, Chi-Liang, et 謝奇良. « Study on Emergency Water Supply of Ponds over Taoyuan Area During Typhoon Season ». Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29020224496804438354.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
94
Abstract Shihmen Reservoir is a key for water supply of the Taoyuan area. Due to the attacks from Typhoon Aere and Matsa, the water of Da-Han River becomes so turbid that it has been over the limit of current water treatment plant and is short of clean water supply to Taoyuan area. Therefore, it is an urgent need to have a backup water source. Taoyuan Irrigation Association has 282 water ponds；Shihmen Irrigation Association has 415 water ponds. Therefore, this study will focus on the water supply capability of water ponds in the Taoyuan and Shihmen Irrigation Association. The result shows that Tanan and Shihmen water treatment plant can utilize the nearby water ponds effectively. And the dredging the ponds can shorten distance and save construction funds. The result shows that Lungtan and Pingchen water treatment plant can not utilize the nearby water ponds effectively, but the Lungtan water treatment plant can get the Tatiehkeng river 7.2~17 CMD during the typhoon and torrential rain. Key words：turbidity、urgent backup、water ponds、water supply capability、dredge

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Chen, Wen-Tang, et 陳文棠. « The Co-opetition Research under Over-supply Circumstance, Case of LTE Wireless Testing Laboratory ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9vd4b3.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
商業自動化與管理研究所
98
As the mature of 3G system and smart phone, more demands for large data wireless broadband are gradually arising. Among new emerging wireless broadband technologies, the LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the most popular technology which have been selected by most of operators as 4G technology to deploy in coming years. Among telecommunication eco system, conformance testing is one of the most important R&D processes to ensure device compliance to specifications, thus the need of LTE conformance testing facility is indeed valid to wireless industry. Without LTE conformance laboratory, then Taiwan mobile industry may occur extra cost and lead-time for LTE R&D due to overseas testing, such situation may not be positive to general Taiwan LTE eco system. Taiwan wireless testing laboratories have been through a long period of over-supply and price competition, therefore most of wireless laboratories didn’t have good ROI (return of investment) on their 2G and 3G investment. But as the nature technology update on mobile phone, so the current 2G/3G phone will naturedly upgrade to 2G/3G/LTE multi-modes phone. Which mean consequently 2G/3G wireless laboratory would need to upgrade to LTE to handle new LTE testing demands. LTE conformance facility mean a big investment to wireless laboratory, but the ROI remain unknown just like current 2G/3G testing, mostly due to circumstance of over-supply on testing may repeat again in LTE era. So most wireless laboratories are hesitating for LTE investment, but if don’t invest then new LTE testing can’t be secured, could eventually jeopardize 2G/3G investment, thus DO or NOT DO is a strategy dilemma to wireless laboratory, and as LTE deployment is approaching, timely decision is another key for laboratories. Based on above dilemma, this research adopting the Value Net concept of Co-opetition theory, to sort out cooperation alternatives via deep interview with different roles of Value Net, including Supplier, Competitor and Complementor, then to summarize alternatives for wireless testing laboratories to compete healthily, and also able to cooperate under certain mechanism toward a positive ROI for LTE investment. And for academic purpose, also prove that competition with cooperation is better than those without cooperation.

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Chang, Chi-Chen, et 張吉辰. « A Study on Quality Improvement for Over-The-Counter Supply Chain by Six-Sigma Method ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8t8xdu.

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碩士
佛光大學
管理學系
97
At present, many pharmaceutical companies active promote drugs, so not limited to the traditional chain pharmacy or pharmacy, as long as there is the will of the sale will be signed. Therefore, the medicines supply chain management issues become increasingly important for pharmaceutical companies. In this study, quality improvement framework for medicines supply chain—pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies, and consumers—is discussed by Six Sigma (SS) method. The main purpose of this study is to build the supply chain management framework for quality improvement via DMAIC process. In defining (Define, D) stage, the use of analytical tools is SIPOC map and fish-bone diagram, the pharmaceutical companies provide inputs into the process to create value and outputs available to customers in order to meet or exceed the expectations and needs of customers. In the measure (Measure, M) stage, we can find out the quantitative indicators of the supply chain and convert the voice of the customer into understandable information through the four perspectives analysis of Balanced Scorecard. In the analysis (Analyze, A) stage and improve (Improve, I) stage, based on the Balanced Scorecard data, the use of Quality Function Deployment and 5S to manage quality improvement in action. Stage in the control (Control, C) will be audited by Gantt chart and control charts to ensure the results of continuous improvement. The results of this study there are three, one is from the past related to medicines supply chain literature, analysis of pharmacy and pharmaceutical companies improve the quality of key indicators for each of the six. Second, construct the supply chain model of quality improvement for pharmacists and pharmacy drug medicines business to explore. Third, pharmacy quality improvement targets key priorities for the provision of after-sales consulting, followed by the pharmacist professional training, and priority in the pharmaceutical business-related training courses and pharmacists, followed by quality control of medicines. Pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies prioritize the key indicators of quality improvement, supply chain to improve the quality of medicines and improve the flow of reference.

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25

« Food supply and the dry-season ecology of a tropical resident bird community and an over-wintering migrant bird species ». Tulane University, 2006.

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The factors limiting bird populations remain poorly understood, but evidence suggests non-breeding season events are important. I investigated the non-breeding ecology of resident and migrant forest landbirds during the annual dry-season in low-quality scrub and high-quality shade-coffee plantation habitat in Jamaica. Over four years (2002-2005), I studied the behavior, physiology, and population dynamics of birds in response to variation in dry-season food supply. In this system, I conducted the first landscape-scale food manipulation for tropical resident and wintering migrant birds. Plot-level supplementation and reduction altered food supply to a biologically significant degree in each year. Precipitation and food supply decreased in successive years creating a natural experiment in parallel to manipulations. For resident birds, most species had higher abundance and several had higher persistence following food supplementation. Manipulations did not cause changes in resident bird body condition. For Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), food supplementation resulted in higher proportion of individuals in breeding condition. For migrants, I focused on the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), a small monomorphic ground-forager. Multiple body condition indices responded to variation in food supply. However, food manipulation did not affect over-winter persistence or annual survival. Relative to birds in poor-habitat, Ovenbirds in high-quality habitat maintained optimum body condition, presumably to mitigate the tradeoff pressures of starvation and predation. In poor habitat, food constraints inhibited mass regulation and possibly delayed migration. Annual variation in spring migration departure timing corresponded to patterns of climate (and thus food). Most birds were territorial with a small home range containing roosts. Floaters occupied relatively large areas and comprised 8-16% of the population. The two classes of space use responded differently to changes in food supply: Floaters were better able to respond to shifts in food availability and had better body condition in low food situations. Food reduction did not induce sedentary individuals to adopt floater behaviors. I found no evidence of sex-based dominance relations in Ovenbirds. This study helps explain mechanisms by which bird populations respond to resource availability, and suggests that food is a primary driver of non-breeding season population limitation in seasonal tropical forests, at least on the Caribbean islands
acase@tulane.edu

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Yoffe, Shira. « Basins at risk : conflict and cooperation over international freshwater resources / ». 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9693.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Over-supply »

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