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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations"

Sharueva, Marina V. « THE CRITICAL ISSUES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KYRGYZSTAN (THE LATER 20TH – THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY) ». RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, n^o 3 (2021) : 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2021-3-130-142.

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The article is concerned with the issues of socio-economic development of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan at the present stage. The analysis of the current state of the national socio-political sphere is preceded by a short excursus into Kyrgyzstan’s history, with an emphasis on analyzing the causes of the economic crisis of the early 1990s, identifying national approaches to stabilization and examining local specifics of the transition from the command economy to market one. The author also underlines the close interconnection between economic and (ethno)political processes in the newly independent states and, based on that point, examines the economic consequences of the coups d’état in Kyrgyzstan, the dominance of the clan system and the division of Kyrgyz political elites into “northern” and “southern” ones, the policy of prevarication repeatedly resorted to by Kyrgyz leaders who were forced to seek compromise between different pressure groups inside and outside the country, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of cross-national and inter-ethnic relations for stable economic development, the author lists the risk factors that Kyrgyzstan has to face (conflicts between the Kyrgyz and ethnic Uzbeks in the Osh region, armed confrontations over the shortage of water resources on the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, etc.).

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HAGER, ANSELM, KRZYSZTOF KRAKOWSKI et MAX SCHAUB. « Ethnic Riots and Prosocial Behavior : Evidence from Kyrgyzstan ». American Political Science Review 113, n^o 4 (9 septembre 2019) : 1029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541900042x.

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Do ethnic riots affect prosocial behavior? A common view among scholars of ethnic violence is that riots increase cooperation within the warring groups, while cooperation across groups is reduced. We revisit this hypothesis by studying the aftermath of the 2010 Osh riot in Kyrgyzstan, which saw Kyrgyz from outside the city kill over 400 Uzbeks. We implement a representative survey, which includes unobtrusive experimental measures of prosocial behavior. Our causal identification strategy exploits variation in the distance of neighborhoods to armored military vehicles, which were instrumental in orchestrating the riot. We find that victimized neighborhoods show substantially lower levels of prosocial behavior. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction is similarly stark both within and across groups. Using qualitative interviews, we parse out two mechanisms that help explain the surprising reduction in ingroup prosociality: Victimized Uzbeks felt abandoned by their coethnics, and variation in victimization created a feeling of suspicion.

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Laruelle, Marlène. « The paradigm of nationalism in Kyrgyzstan. Evolving narrative, the sovereignty issue, and political agenda ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, n^o 1-2 (mars 2012) : 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.02.002.

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In Kyrgyzstan, nationalism combines a narrative on the titular ethnic group and its relation to a civic, state-based, identity, feelings of imperiled sovereignty, and a rising electorate agenda for political forces. Nationalism has therefore become the engine of an interpretative framework for Kyrgyzstan’s failures and enables the society indirectly to formulate its perception of threat, both on the Uzbek and Kyrgyz sides. To this end, this article first analyzes the double identity narrative, civic and ethnic, of Akayev’s regime, followed by the transformation toward a more ethno-centered Kyrgyz patriotism under Bakiyev, the growing role of the theme of imperiled sovereignty—which culminated with the events in Osh—and how nationalism is today becoming a key element of the political agenda and the public scene.

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Khamidov, Alisher, Nick Megoran et John Heathershaw. « Bottom-up peacekeeping in southern Kyrgyzstan : how local actors managed to prevent the spread of violence from Osh/Jalal-Abad to Aravan, June 2010 ». Nationalities Papers 45, n^o 6 (novembre 2017) : 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1335695.

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In the aftermath of the June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan, much scholarly attention has focused on its causes. However, observers have taken little notice of the fact that while such urban areas as Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Bazar-Korgon were caught up in violence, some towns in southern Kyrgyzstan that were close to the conflict sites and had considerable conflict potential had managed to avoid the violence. Thus, while the question, “What were the causes of the June 2010 violence?” is important, we have few answers to the question, “Why did the conflict break out in some places but not others with similar conflict potential?” Located in the theoretical literature on “the local turn” within peacekeeping studies, this article is based on extensive empirical fieldwork to explore the local and micro-level dimensions of peacekeeping. It seeks to understand why and how local leaders and residents in some places in southern Kyrgyzstan managed to prevent the deadly clashes associated with Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Bazar-Korgon. The main focus of the project is on Aravan, a town with a mixed ethnic population where residents managed to avert interethnic clashes during the June 2010 unrest. The answers to the question of why violencedid notoccur can yield important lessons for conflict management not only for southern Kyrgyzstan, but also for the entire Central Asian region.

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Kamchybekova, S., et Zh Abdullaeva. « Attitude of Kyrgyzstan Ethnic Groups to National Identity “Kyrgyz Zharaany” ». Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, n^o 7 (15 juillet 2021) : 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/68/36.

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Research relevance: The article analyzes the formation of a common civic identity among the main ethnic groups of Kyrgyzstan using the example of residents of the southern region of the country. The authors draws attention to the “many-sidedness” of the common civic identity of ethnic groups and reveal the essence of civic identity as the main type of social identity. Some ethnic features of the common Kyrgyz civil identity are also analyzed in the light of recent world processes and their regional manifestations. Materials and research methods: in the course of the research, the methods of questioning the population of Kyrgyzstan in the southern regions were used. A sociological study was carried out on the topic “The essence and significance of civic identity: on the example of the main ethnic groups”, where the problem of civic identity and identification of the population in the ethnic aspect was studied, in which 1200 respondents from Osh and Jalal-Abad regions participated. Statistical processing and analysis of empirical information was carried out using the SPSS program, version 22. Research purpose: studying the state of unity of the nation of Kyrgyzstan, determining the level of formation of civic identity and ethnic values, norms and belonging to a particular ethnic group, as well as the adoption of universal, common cultural values, norms and belonging to the population of the country of residence, as the basis for the formation of a person's civic patriotism, citizenship, patriotism and love for the Motherland and civic identity. Research results: The highest share of those who indicated this position among the surveyed Uzbeks are 17.6%, i. e. almost one and a half times higher than the average. And among Russians and Tajiks, they are, respectively, 13.1% and 14.3%, or slightly above the average. Consequently, the “Concept of Strengthening the Unity of the People and Interethnic Relations in the Kyrgyz Republic” is not yet perceived by enough ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan and it is necessary to intensify work in this direction.

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Kutmanaliev, Joldon. « Public and communal spaces and their relation to the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, n^o 7/8 (7 juillet 2015) : 449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0027.

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Purpose – This paper is one of the first attempts to explain the local dynamics of the 2010 ethnic riots in Kyrgyzstan. No scholarly work has attempted to systematically analyze the 2010 ethnic violence and its local dynamics on the neighborhood scale. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on this gap by analyzing neighborhoods’ responses to the emerging violence in the city of Osh. In order to do this, the author compares two typical neighborhoods in Osh, one violent and the other non-violent, with different spatial structures and built environments that demonstrate/represent similar dynamics of riots in many other neighborhoods. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical findings of this paper are based on the ethnographic fieldwork the author carried out in 2010 and between 2012 and 2014. During nine months (in total) of the author’s ethnographic fieldwork, the author conducted around 60 semi-structured interviews in Osh city mainly with community leaders. In the author’s interview sampling, the author used two approaches: the snowball method and geographically/territorially representative sampling. Findings – The author argues that among other factors, a particular type of public space provides favorable conditions for riot occurrence or non-occurrence. For example, in Osh, such places as areas around the central bazaar and densely populated multi-story building complexes were especially riot-prone. By contrast, residential areas with individual-unit houses and low residential mobility represented communally private spaces with more easy riot-control. In addition, some residential areas implemented strategies such as physical self-isolation to avoid violence. By restricting freedom of movement and erecting improvised barricades, the residents of such neighborhoods created a temporally new space with its own rules and interethnic cooperation. Originality/value – This paper suggests new insights in the analysis of riots by connecting theoretical categories and concepts of space provided by scholars of contentious politics and applying them to the case of the 2010 ethnic riots in Osh city. By analyzing riot dynamics on the neighborhood scale, this research contributes to the understanding of the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots.

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Heuer, Vera, et Brent Hierman. « Substate Populism and the Challenge to the Centre in Post-Riot Asian Contexts ». Journal of Peacebuilding & ; Development 13, n^o 3 (décembre 2018) : 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2018.1505539.

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In this article, we introduce the concept of substate populism to account for dynamics in which populist speech is used to critique national elites for harming the interests of the ‘pure’ local people. We also identify three preconditions for substate populism: decentralisation, preexisting resentment or anxiety, and the capacity to dominate the local narrative. We explore the concept through a comparison of the frames used by Narendra Modi while serving as the chief minister of the state of Gujarat in India and Melis Myrzakmatov while serving as the mayor of Osh, Kyrgyzstan. We demonstrate that in both cases Modi and Myrzakmatov utilised substate populism following deadly ethnic riots to articulate local resentments, maintain popular support, and delegitimise external efforts to promote post-conflict reconciliation. We argue that through eradicating at least one of the three identified preconditions, a national government can undermine substate populism.

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Mueller, Markus, et Axel Ostlund. « People's security — today's challenges of a new approach to policing : Working experience of the Community Security Initiative (CSI) project in Kyrgyzstan 2011 ». Security and Human Rights 23, n^o 1 (2012) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502312800079656.

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AbstractFor several years the OSCE has attempted to lobby and forge the political will to develop police reform in Kyrgyzstan. In June 2010 its police did not have the capacity to anticipate and prevent destabilisation and to maintain a neutral position in the management of the interethnic conflict. The fact that ethnic minorities are significantly underrepresented in the police contributed to this. As a result, the population's trust further deteriorated from an already existing critically low level. The then incumbent Transitional Government understood the need to support the police in restoring trust and confidence and hence requested the OSCE's assistance. A special project called the Community Security Initiative was created and a team of 28 international police advisors, supported by 21 local staff, deployed in January 2011 in twelve sensitive police stations including Osh. Using a new approach to communication/interaction these advisors try to change the perception of both the police and the population when addressing and resolving daily security problems in the communities. This requires a new and inventive approach putting peoples' security in the forefront. The main objective of CSI is to support the Kyrgyz Government in three main areas: improving relations between the police and the public, supporting and advising the MOI in respecting police ethics standards including human rights, and providing support and advice in the area of multiethnic policing.

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McGlinchey, Eric. « Osh in Flames ». Russian History 41, n^o 3 (21 juillet 2014) : 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04103005.

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Summers in southern Kyrgyzstan can be deadly. In June 1990 hundreds of ethnic Kyrgyz from outlying villages clashed with ethnic Uzbeks living in Osh, Uzgen and Jalalabad. In June 2010 the sons of these 1990 rioters clashed in a renewed wave of ethnic riots in Osh, Jalalabad and Bazar-Korgan. This paper investigates the 1990 and 2010 riots and asks if these two conflicts, in addition to sharing similar protagonists, share similar causes. I find that, while one can identify proximate causes of these riots, more distant processes, namely the titular indigenization of Osh during the Brezhnev period, engendered a demographic shift permissive of ethnic conflict.

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Wilkinson, Cai. « Imagining Kyrgyzstan's nationhood and statehood : reactions to the 2010 Osh violence ». Nationalities Papers 43, n^o 3 (mai 2015) : 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.961127.

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This article explores the tensions inherent in how Kyrgyzstan's nationhood and statehood have been imagined and practised via an analysis of local reactions to the findings of the Kyrgyzstan Inquiry Commission's (KIC) investigation into the 2010 Osh violence and in particular the threat narrative that developed in opposition to the investigation. In the wake of the clashes that erupted in Osh in June 2010, a recurrent theme was calls from the international community for an independent investigation. Within Kyrgyzstan, however, some politicians argued that investigations violated the republic's sovereignty. Despite local reluctance, a number of investigations did subsequently take place. Yet the reports of the respective investigations did little to quell controversy, with the KIC report being strongly criticized and declared a threat to national security. The strength of feeling demonstrated by this reaction was indicative of long-standing and unresolved tensions in Kyrgyzstan between international and local imaginings of nationhood and statehood. The article concludes by arguing that nationhood and statehood need to be reimagined to focus on reestablishing state-society relations by both local and international actors in order for Kyrgyzstan to begin repairing the already fragile sociopolitical relationships that were grievously damaged by the violence and the subsequent investigations.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations"

KUTMANALIEV, Joldon. « Ethnic violence and peace in southern Kyrgyzstan : intragroup policing and intergroup non-aggression pacts ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/48184.

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Defence date: 29 September 2017
Examining Board: Dr. Donatella Della Porta, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (Former EUI Supervisor); Dr. Oliver Roy, European University Institute; Dr. David Waddington, Sheffield Hallam University; Dr. Mark Beissinger, Princeton University
The paper attempts to explain the following question: why ethnic violence and riots broke out in some neighborhoods but not in others? It contributes to our understanding of communal violence and ethnic conflict with a novel approach that will widen our perspectives on the relationship between ethnic politics and security studies at local level (micro-spatial scale). While other works try to explain ethnic violence at highly aggregated national or regional levels, this dissertation analyzes the problem at neighborhood scale. To analyze the spatial variation in violence and peace, this research employs the concepts of security dilemma and pact-making that are usually used in international relations and security studies. I would like to show that theoretical insights drawn from international relations and security studies literature can be applicable not only to the analysis of inter-state wars and civil wars but also to the analysis of local dynamics of ethnic violence and interethnic peace at disaggregated spatial scale such as ethnic communities based in one town or in one neighborhood. I compare violent and non-violent neighborhoods in Osh city across different dimensions. The main argument of this research is the following. The spatial variation in violent and non-violent outcomes across towns and villages and urban neighborhoods, districts, and blocks within these towns can be explained to the great extent by the presence and absence of intragroup policing and non- aggression intergroup pacts among village- and neighborhood-scale subgroups of both ethnic communities. In-group policing, a concept advanced by Fearon and Laitin (1996) is a crucial mechanism for understanding ethnic violence and peace in southern Kyrgyzstan. By itself, effective in-group policing – even in the absence of a non-aggression pact with out-group members – increases the likelihood of peaceful outcome or significantly decreases the possibility of intensive violent outbreaks in respective localities. Intracommunal policing is a necessary condition for the efficient intercommunal pacts as strong in-group policing establishes firm discipline and order within community and signals to an out-group about the credible commitment to the terms of a pact. On the other hand, intercommunal pacts reduce uncertainty and lessen fears (McFaul 2002, 217) by re-embedding trust and re-assuring in peaceful intentions between residentially-segregated Uzbek and Kyrgyz communities. However, whether intergroup pacts and in-group policing are successful depends also on several contingent and structural factors and the spatial environment of neighborhoods.
Chapter 6 ‘Spatial security during ethnic riots in Osh : how spatial factors and the built environment affect the local dynamics of violence and neighborhood security' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Public and communal spaces and their relation to the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots : violence and non-violence in the city of Osh' (2015) in the journal ‘International journal of sociology and social policy’

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Livres sur le sujet "Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations"

Commercio, Michele E. Conflict in Kyrgyzstan ? Washington, D.C : Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004.

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Commercio, Michele E. Conflict in Kyrgyzstan ? Washington, D.C : Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004.

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Ethnicity, language and religion in Kyrgyzstan. [Japan] : Tohoku University, 2004.

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Under Solomon's throne : Uzbek visions of renewal in Osh. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012.

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Sʺezd nemt͡sev Kyrgyzskoĭ Respubliki (4th 1997 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan?). IV sʺezd nemt͡sev Kyrgyzskoĭ Respubliki, 14-15 marta 1997 g. Bishkek : Ilim, 1997.

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I, Fukalov A., Toktogonov S. A, Cholova A. T et Kyrgyzstan kalkynyn assamblei͡a︡sy, dir. "Kyrgyzstan--nash obshchiĭ dom" : Materialy dei͡a︡telʹnosti Assamblei naroda Kyrgyzstana. Bishkek : [s.n.], 2000.

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Speaking Soviet with an accent : Culture and power in Kyrgyzstan. Pittsburgh, Pa : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012.

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Solvang, Ole. "Where is the justice?" : Interethnic violence in Southern Kyrgyzstan and its aftermath. New York, NY : Human Rights Watch, 2010.

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I, Fukalov A., Sergeeva A. S, Cholova A. T et Kyrgyzstan kalkynyn assamblei︠a︡sy, dir. V edinstve i soglasii : K 10-letii︠u︡ Assamblei naroda Kyrgyzstana / [otvetstvennyĭi redaktor, A.I. Fukalov ; sostaviteli, A.I. Fukalov, A.S. Sergeeva, A.T. Cholova]. Bishkek : [Uchkun], 2004.

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Igmen, Ali F. Speaking Soviet with an accent : Culture and power in Kyrgyzstan. Pittsburgh, Pa : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations"

Atakhanov, Shavkat, et Abylabek Asankanov. « Security Practices and the Survival of Cafes in Southern Kyrgyzstan ». Dans Surviving Everyday Life, 47–70. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529211955.003.0003.

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The chapter explores the securityscapes of individuals from the Uzbek minority in the city of Osh in southern Kyrgyzstan. In 2010 Osh was shook by violent ethnic clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbek residents, which claimed several hundred lives. The contribution asks how the everyday security practices of Uzbeks have changed ever since. It installs its focus on Uzbek catering sector. The chapter demonstrates how Uzbek owners of cafés and restaurants hide any markers that would give away their ethnic identity, including the names of their businesses or the dishes offered there. In highlights the importance of 'food politics' in the ongoing ethnic conflict and the Uzbek securityscapes in Osh.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Osh (Kyrgyzstan) – Ethnic relations"

Makimbetov, EK, N. Samieva, J. Karabaeva, AR Dgumabaev et R. Rzaev. « Ethnic and geographical variability of breast cancer at the Osh region in Kyrgyzstan. » Dans CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium : 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6096.

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. « Effects of Global Economic Crisis on Kyrgyzstan Economy and Developments in Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00239.

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The global crisis which started in September 2008 adversely affected many global economies and also Kyrgyzstan economy. Kyrgyzstan economy which declined and experienced a severe recession in 2009 due to the crisis started recovering from the adverse effects of the crisis after 2010. What lie beneath this positive development is increased foreign exchange revenues abroad and vigor experienced in construction industry and industrial production. The recovery experienced in economies of Russia and neighbor Kazakhstan resulted in increased exports and thus increased revenues in foreign currencies obtained from foreign countries. The political disturbances experienced in Bishkek in April 2011 and ethnic conflicts experienced in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2011, created an adverse effect on the economy. The crisis resulted in degradation of investment environment, adversely influenced the foreign investments and increased the current account deficit. These developments adversely influenced the banking sector too. The government attempted to diminish effects of the crisis through financial incentives. The budget deficit emerged as a result of crisis was attempted to be closed through support secured from International Monetary Fund (IMF). IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank lent great support to invigorating Kyrgyzstan economy after events of April and July. According to IMF, if political instability goes on in Kyrgyzstan in medium and long term, economic problems shall continue. Uncertainties in banking sector are amongst the main factors which increase the economic risks. Recovery of Kyrgyzstan economy is dependent on medium term financial policy measures to be applied to the economy and balancing the foreign trade.

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