Articles de revues : « Organo Phosphorus pesticides »

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Dalmacija, B., Z. Tamaš, D. Miškovic, E. Karlovic et O. Petrovic. « The Biosorption of Selected Pesticides from Water by Biologically Activated Carbon ». Water Science and Technology 26, n^o 9-11 (1 novembre 1992) : 1991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0644.

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The work describes a study of the possibility of removal of organo-phosphorus insecticide quinalphos and organochlorine herbicide lindane from water by using the biofilm formed on active carbon. It was established that two similtaneous processes took place in the biosorption column - adsorption and microbiological degradation of the adsorbed matter. At the shock concentrations of lindane in the influent, an inhibition of microbiological processes in the biofilm occurred. It was observed that the biosorption system was more efficient in the removal of the organo-phosphorus insecticide than of the organo-chlorine herbicide.

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Hernández, Félix, Roque Serrano, Joaquim Beltran et Francisco J. López. « Comparison of Cleanup Techniques for Simple Method for Analysis of Selected Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Molluscs ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1996) : 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.1.123.

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Abstract A simple method for determination of 5 organo phosphorus pesticides (dimethoate, chlorfenvin phos, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and phosmet) in molluscs (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Venus gallina) was developed, with special attention to cleanup. Organophosphorus pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile-acetone (90 + 10, v/v) in a high-speed blender. Two cleanup procedures were used to defat extracts prior to injection into a gas chromatograph: liquid-liquid partition with acetoni trile-hexane and adsorption column chromatography with silica gel. The latter was more efficient for elimination of fat and fractionation of pesticides with different polarities. Limits of detection of the overall procedure including extraction and cleanup ranged from 0.2 to 1 ng/g. Quantitative recoveries for pesticide concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 000 ng/g were obtained.

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Juhler, René K., Milter Green Lauridsen, Mette Rindom Christensen et Gudrun Hilbert. « Pesticide Residues in Selected Food Commodities : Results from the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program 1995-1996 ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, n^o 2 (1 mars 1999) : 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.2.337.

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Abstract The paper presents results of analyses of 4182 samples collected from January 1995 to December 1996 for the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program. The program basis is a random sample control supplemented with a target control. The objectives of the control are to monitor consumer exposure to health hazards and to enforce national and European Community regulations. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration is responsible for establishing methods, data manipulation, and evaluation, but actual analyses are performed at 4 regional laboratories. In addition to a description of the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program on food, the effects of lowering the reporting limits are discussed. Pesticides included are those in current use as well as chlorinated pesticides like lindane, DDT, and HCB, occurring in food now primarily as a result of environmental contamination. Commodities analyzed are fruits, vegetables, cereals, bran, fish, and animal products such as meat, butter, cheese, fat, and eggs. In fruits and vegetables, residues were detected in 10% of 2515 samples, with higher incidences of detection for foreign commodities. Violation rate was 0.6%. In food of animal origin, low levels of organo- chlorine pesticides were detected in most fish samples and in more than half of the animal product samples. However, no results exceeding maximum residue limits were found. No residues of organo- phosphorus pesticides were detected in the 231 meat samples analyzed.

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Wei, Wei, Ronghui Wang, Lihua Nie et Shouzhuo Yao. « Enzymatic Determination of Organo-Phosphorus Pesticides with a Surface Acoustic Wave Impedance Sensor ». Instrumentation Science & ; Technology 25, n^o 2 (mai 1997) : 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149709351457.

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Wylie, Philip, et Katsura Uchiyama. « Improved Gas Chromatographic Analysisof Organophosphorus Pesticides with Pulsed Splitless Injectiony ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, n^o 2 (1 mars 1996) : 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.2.571.

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Abstract Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of 6 organo-phosphorus pesticides (methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, diazinon, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos) was performed with cool on-column, splitless, and pulsed splitless injections and with nitrogen–phos phorus or mass-selective detection. The pulsed splitless technique uses a high column flow rate during injection to sweep the sample out of the inlet rapidly, reducing analyte loss due to adsorption or thermal decomposition. After injection, the column flow rate is automatically reduced to normal values for chromatographic analysis. Pesticide recoveries for splitless and pulsed splitless injections were determined by comparison of GC peak areas with those obtained with cool on-column injection. With conventional splitless injection at a column flow rate of 5 mL/min, recoveries of acephate, omethoate, and methamidophos were only 57, 63, and 71 %, respectively. Pulsed splitless methods with very fast injection flow rates dramatically improved recoveries, with all 6 pesticides falling in the 97–102% range. Because column flow rates are much less for GC with mass spectral detection (GC/MS), recoveries with splitless injection were lower and improvements with pulsed splitless injection were less dramatic for GC/MS. When splitless injection was used, recoveries of the 6 pesticides spiked into a green bean matrix were better than those of pesticides dissolved in pure solvent, presumably because matrix compounds compete with pesticides for active sites in the inlet. By using pulsed splitless injection of solvent standards with very fast initial column flow rates, systematic analyte losses in the inlet were eliminated, making recoveries of pesticides from solvent and green bean matrix very similar.

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C, Selvi, Paramasivam M, Deepa S. Rajathi et Chandrasekaran S. « Multiresidue Analysis of Organochlorines, Synthetic Pyrethroids and Organophosphorous Pesticides in Pulse Grain Samples ». Madras Agricultural Journal 99, December (2012) : 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100209.

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A multiresidue method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 11 organochlorines, 8 synthetic pyrethroids and 14 organophosphorous pesticides in green gram and black gram grain samples using gas chromatography - electron capture detector and flame thermoionic detector (GC-ECD/FTD). The QuEChERS principle based methodology was adopted for extraction. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and the co-extractives were removed using dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE) with primary secondary amine (PSA) after salting out with NaCl and MgSO 4 . Average recoveries for all the pesticides studied were between 71.70 and 113.31 % and relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged between 0.10 and 12.79 %. The present study indicates that the proposed method is useful in monitoring Organic Chlorine, Synthetic Pyrethroids and Organo Phosphorus insecticides in selected pulse grains.

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Сулейманова et N. Suleymanova. « Agrochemicals Effect on Mortality from Malignant Tumors of the Female Genitalia in the Women of Rural Areas of the Republic of Dagestan ». Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, n^o 1 (5 novembre 2014) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3443.

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The paper presents the data on the influence of remote consequences separate, combined and cumulative impact of agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) on female mortality (1997-2006) from malignant tumors of the genitalia in the rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan. The intensive use of agrochemicals before 1995 exceeded the critical load level according to data of V.I. Polchenko and co-authors (3.93 kg/ha) and the classification of World Health Organization (4,0-5,0 kg/ha) in ten times and more. As objective quantitative indicators of the intensive use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers were applied territorial load and range of index territorial load of pesticides. To assess the environmental significance separate, combined and cumulative impacts of priority anthropogenic co-factors the author carried out predominantly two-factor analysis of variance. The share of influence, correlation coefficient and the Fisher test for each factor separately, but also for its combined and cumulative actions were calculated. It is shown the existence of significant correlation mortality from genital cancer with total territorial load of mineral fertilizers. The more significant the influence of factors on mortality was identified in terms of the total impact of the assortment index territorial load of organo-phosphorus compounds and copper-containing pesticides. It allows to considering them as secondary factors of cancer risk of death for women in rural areas.

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Debnath, Joya, Arpan Kumar Basak, Md Zubaidur Rahman et Anujit Saha. « Profile of Organophosphorus Poisoning ». KYAMC Journal 9, n^o 3 (4 décembre 2018) : 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v9i3.38786.

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Background : Self poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem in world wide. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a very common toxicological emergency encountered at Mirzapur in Tangail. It is particularly common among the rural agricultural worker's which comprise a substantial group of the population of this region.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the incidence, frequency, pattern of poisoning, outcome and aetiological aspect of Organo phosphorus poisoning patient admitted in Kumudini Women's Medical college Hospital.Methods: A total 366 cases of OPC poisoning were analysed during 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The emphasis was given on age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, motive of poisoning, types of compound consumed its quality, place, distance from referral place and the ultimate outcome.Results: Young population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers were the commonest patients (51.91%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (27.59%) and females (66.39%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (54.20%). Three hundred forty four Patients recovered and 22 were expired. The major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.Conclusion : Strict of the pesticide act and involving a new policy by the government to educate the public and youth in large about the dangerous, life threatening effects of Organophosphorus compound could help amelerioating the harmful effects of such poisoning.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 133-135

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Nageswara Rao, R., Sara Khalid, T. Rajani et S. Husain. « Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric separation and identification of combustion products of organo-phosphorus and chlorine pesticides and evaluation of their impact on the environment ». Journal of Chromatography A 954, n^o 1-2 (avril 2002) : 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00157-7.

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., Jaykishan, et Vipin SG. « AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOT DROP DUE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING : A CASE STUDY ». Journal of Biological & ; Scientific Opinion 10, n^o 6 (26 décembre 2022) : 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.106170.

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Background: Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by organo-phosphorus pesticides or organophosphate nerve agents can cause acute parasympathetic system dysfunction, muscle weakness, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure. Prognosis depends on the dose and relative toxicity of the specific compound and pharmaco-kinetic factors. Inability to raise the front part of the foot due to weakness or paralysis of the tibialis anterior muscle. The muscle that lifts the foot, and foot drop occur due to peroneal nerve injury. In Ayurvedic science, the complications and side effects of organophosphate poisoning may be co-related with Kaphavruta Vyana Vata. Methods: It is a single case study. A 27-year male patient came to our OPD with complaints of weakness in bilateral lower limbs for since 4 years. He also complained of impairment in memory and speech deformity. The condition can be correlated with Kaphavruta Vyana Vata and he was treated with Panchakarma treatment including Dhanyamla Dhara, Mustadi-raja Yapana-Basti, Sarvanga Abhyanga, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda along with Shamana Chikitsa for one month. Result: Symptomatic assessment of the patient was carried out after one month and during this course, the patient had improvement in symptoms, and the overall quality of life of the patient was significantly improved. Discussion: The patient has been treated with the above-mentioned therapy for symptomatic relief for the management of Kaphavrutha Vyana Vata.

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Giwa, Oluwamodupe, Arotupin, D. J. Arotupin et Akinyosoye, Felix Akinsola Akinyosoye. « Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Crude 0il Polluted Soil Using Serratia marcescens and its Toxicology Assessment on Aquaculture ». British Journal of Environmental Studies 2, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2022) : 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjes.2022.2.1.5.

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Serratia marcescens has been studied to show a higher degradation potential for organo-phosphorus pesticides. This property has made it useful as a potential bioremediation agent. The bacterial cell was bio-stimulated in luria beterni broth at a selected experimental temperature ranging from 25 ºC – 40 ºC. The highest cell biomass was recorded at 35 ºC to range from 7.56 -8.10mg/ml for single strength and double strength yeast extract in luria beterni, respectively. Percentage bio-sorption efficiency of both the cell culture and extracted membrane protein augmented cell culture of Serratia marcescens showed 100% removal in heavy metals such as lead, potassium and manganese, respectively. The cell culture percentage sorption also showed 99.2%, 95.9% and 82% removal of copper, nickel and zinc, respectively, while the protein extract augmented cell culture showed improved corresponding heavy metal removal with 100% removal of copper and nickel and 86.5% removal of zinc. The bacterial cell and corresponding protein extracts tend to create oxygen stress in an aquaculture model, reducing the dissolved oxygen level to 3 mg/l. Lethal dose 50 of the bacterial extracts were high a 14.14%; hence this showed high toxicity or pathogenicity of the bacteria. This showed that the bacterial cell and corresponding proteins extract showed promising in the removal of heavy metals in an aquaculture environment; however, its toxicity effect on the test fishes makes it a potential risk to aquatic life.

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ETO, Morifusa. « Pesticides and phosphorus. » Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 45, n^o 6 (1987) : 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.45.549.

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Mishra, Sudeep, Lalitesh Kr Thakur et Neelam Richhariya. « GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF 23 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES RESIDUE IN BOTTLE GUARD MATRIX ». International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2018) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i1.21058.

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Objective: To validate in-house QuEChERS method, which scrutinizes and quantify the residue levels of some most frequently used organophosphorus pesticides and to prove a complete workflow for routine multi-residue pesticide analysis in representative bottle guard matrices and study the persistence of 23 organ phosphorus pesticides.Methods: QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extraction method was followed. Method validation and residue screening of bottle guard samples were conducted by GC-FPD (Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector) were used to analyse the presence of pesticides whereas confirmation of pesticides was done by GC-MS (Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometer). Results: For bottle guard matrix, LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) values are lowest for phorate (0.005 mg/kg and 0.015 mg/kg) and highest for parathion-methyl (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg) respectively. Calibration curve, was plotted between an area of 23 pesticide standard mixture against seven different concentration levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg with regression coefficient (R2) are in the range of 0.978-0.994. The mean recovered amount at 0.05 mg/kg spikeing concentration are in the range of lowest 0.0413 mg/kg to highest 0.0467 mg/kg and relative standard deviation are in the range of lowest 2.2 to highest 8.571.Conclusion: For ensuring exposure to contaminants, especially by dietary intake, Robust analytical methods were validated for carrying out both research and monitoring programmes and thus for defining limitations and supporting enforcement of regulations.

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Esimbekova, Elena N., Valeriya P. Kalyabina, Kseniya V. Kopylova, Victoria I. Lonshakova-Mukina, Anna A. Antashkevich, Irina G. Torgashina, Kirill A. Lukyanenko, Elena V. Nemtseva et Valentina A. Kratasyuk. « Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n^o 3 (23 janvier 2023) : 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032268.

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Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level. The contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulations has been studied by analyzing effects of 7 active ingredients of pesticides (AIas) and 10 commercial formulations based on them (AIfs) on the function of a wide range of enzyme assay systems differing in complexity (single-, coupled, and three-enzyme assay systems). Results have been compared with the effects of AIas and AIfs on bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. Mostly, AIfs produce a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the activity of enzyme assay systems and bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium than AIas, which confirms the contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulation. Results of the current study demonstrate that “inert” ingredients are not ecotoxicologically safe and can considerably augment the inhibitory effect of pesticide formulations; therefore, their use should be controlled more strictly. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the enzymes used for assays do not show any changes in the protein structure in the presence of commercial pesticide formulations during the assay procedure. This finding suggests that pesticides produce the inhibitory effect on enzymes through other mechanisms.

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Chhetri, Uma Devi, I. Ansari et S. Shrestha. « Pattern of Pediatric Poisoning and Accident in Patan Hospital ». Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, n^o 3 (30 avril 2013) : 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8016.

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Background Kerosene, drugs, pesticides are chemicals used in home and farms. But because of parents’ or caretakers’ negligence; accidents and poisoning in children may take life of a child. Objective To study the common causes and outcome of pediatric accident and poisoning cases admitted in Patan Hospital.Method A prospective (2068-69) and retrospective (2066-67) studies of pediatric accident and poisoning cases admitted in Patan Hospital (2066-chaitra 2069) were done. Result Out of 44 registered cases total 35 cases were collected in last 4 years. Twenty one in prospective and 14 in retrospective study. Male female ratio was 1.2:1. Most vulnerable age group was 1-5 years (21) and 11-15 yrs (8). Most common poison was pesticide (11), kerosene (9) and drugs (7). Twenty percent were suicidal, 3% were homicidal and rest was accidental. Suicidal poisoning was common in 11-14 years. Accidental poisoning was: taking kerosene from mineral water bottle for water. Small children took drugs and pesticides due its easy availability or careless storing. Five common accidents were near drowning (2), hot water scald, hanging and fall from height. Outcome was 2 expired; 1 Organo-phosphorous and 1 food poisoning. Mortality was 6%. One hanging survived as vegetation. Conclusion Accident and poisoning are preventable. We need to make our home and surrounding poison and accident proof. Small children should never be left unattended. Drugs, pesticides, hot things, and sharp instruments should be kept out of reach of children and in child proof container in separate places. Pesticide should not be sold to children. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 39-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8016

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KISHIDA, Misako, Yusuke KATO, Hirokazu TAKANASHI, Tsunenori NAKAJIMA, Akira OHKI, Yuichi MIYAKE et Takashi KAMEYA. « Production of Trichloromethylphenol from Organo-phosphorus Pesticide Fenitrothion by Chlorination ». Journal of Water and Environment Technology 8, n^o 3 (2010) : 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jwet.2010.185.

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Wiwanitkit, V. « Acute organo-phosphorus pesticide poisoning, oxidative damage, haemoglobin level and total leukocyte ». African Health Sciences 14, n^o 3 (5 septembre 2014) : 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i3.42.

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Shabbir, Md, Mukesh Singh, Swati Maiti, Sunil Kumar et Samar K. Saha. « Removal enactment of organo-phosphorous pesticide using bacteria isolated from domestic sewage ». Bioresource Technology 263 (septembre 2018) : 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.122.

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Szpyrka, Ewa, Magdalena Podbielska, Aneta Zwolak, Bartosz Piechowicz, Grzegorz Siebielec et Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec. « Influence of a Commercial Biological Fungicide containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on Dissipation Kinetics and Degradation of Five Herbicides in Two Types of Soil ». Molecules 25, n^o 6 (18 mars 2020) : 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061391.

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Biological crop protection is recommended to be applied alternately or together with chemical one, to protect human health from the excessive use of toxic pesticides. Presence of microorganisms can influence the concentration of chemical pollutants in soil. The aim of this study is to estimate the influence of a commercial biological fungicide containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on dissipation kinetics and degradation of five herbicides belonging to different chemical classes: clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and propyzamide, in two types of soil. Results of the study revealed that T. harzianum T-22 influences pesticide degradation and dissipation kinetics of the non-persistent herbicides: clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin. In soil with a higher content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter, degradation increased by up to 24.2%, 24.8%, and 23.5% for clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin, respectively. In soil with lower organic content, degradation was on a low level, of 16.1%, 17.7%, and 16.3% for clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin, respectively. In our study, the addition of the biological preparation shortened herbicide dissipation half-lives, from 0.3 days (2.9%) for fluazifop-P-butyl, to 18.4 days (25.1%) for clomazone. During the degradation study, no significant differences were noticed for pendimethalin, belonging to persistent substances. Biological protection of crops can modify pesticide concentrations and dissipation rates. On one hand, this may result in the reduced effectiveness of herbicide treatments, while on the other, it can become a tool for achieving cleaner environment.

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Akilandeswari, K., et V. Sona. « EFFICIENCY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN THE DEGRADATION OF AN ORGANO PHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDE, MALATHION ». Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation 2, n^o 6 (15 décembre 2013) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.02686.

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SHENIN, YU D., V. V. BELAKHOV et N. G. ROZHKOVA. « ChemInform Abstract : Synthesis and Pesticidal Activity of Organo-Phosphorus Derivatives of Antimycin A. » ChemInform 27, n^o 50 (4 août 2010) : no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199650230.

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KUMAR, R. GIREESH, A. VIJAYA GOPAL, R. SUBHASH REDDY et S. TRIVENI. « Isolation and characterization of organ phosphorus pesticide degrading bacteria from different crops ». AGRICULTURE UPDATE 12, Special-7 (5 septembre 2017) : 1927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/12.techsear(7)2017/1927-1932.

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NACU, Gherasim, Mircea POP, Daniel SIMEANU, Cristina RADU RUSU, Roxana ZAHARIA et Vasile VINTILA. « THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND POLLUANTS CONTENT OF SOME ECOLOGICAL AND CONVENTIONAL GREEN FORAGE SOURCES FOR DAIRY COW FEED ». Spring 185, n^o 1 (31 mars 2021) : 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/journalalse-2021-005.

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The quality of feed is very important in dairy milk production. The aim of the current paper was a comparative characterisation in terms of crude chemical composition, Ca and P, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu), nitrates, nitrites and pesticides, for the natural meadow and green alfalfa, cultivated in ecological and conventional systems, utilised for feeding dairy cows. Sampling and analysis were performed according to established standards and working methods: drying for dry matter (DM); calcination for crude ash (C Ash); Kjeldahl method for crude protein (CP); Soxhlet method for crude fat or ether extract (EE), spectrophotometry for P, nitrates and nitrites; atomic absorption spectrometry for Ca, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn; gas-chromatography for pesticides. For alfalfa, the highest values in the ecological system were for C Ash (12.68%), EE (2.50%), NFE (35.78%) and Ca (1.79%). For the natural meadow, the highest values in the ecological system were for DM (25.72%), OS (89.32%), EE (2.76%), NFE (45.27%) and Ca (0.70%). The toxic heavy metal content was below the limits allowed (1 mg/kg Cd and 30 mg/kg Pb). For Pb the values determined from the two feeds were between 0.06 mg/kg and 0.16 mg/kg and for Cd between 0.007 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg. The pesticides residuum was under the detection limit of 0.05 mg/kg DM for organo-chlorinated pesticides and 0.001 mg/kg for organo-phosphoric pesticides. All the studied forages were safe regarding pollutants (heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates and pesticides), but statistical differences existed between the production systems, such that the ecological system seems to be better.

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Tan, Sheng Long, Xiao Ping Tang et Xu Dong Tang. « Enrichment and Detection of Dichlorvos and Methamidophos on Carbon Nanotubes ». Advanced Materials Research 886 (janvier 2014) : 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.275.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used as solid phase extraction materials. Organophosphorus pesticide aqueous solution in a given concentration was enriched by carbon nanotubes and then eluted with eluant. The content of organo phosphorus pesticide in the eluent was evalutated with gas chromatograph and calculates recovery. At room temperature, the best enrichment condition was determined according to the enrichment time. By using ethyl acetate as eluent, elution condilions for higher recovery were determined according to the eluting temperture and time under neutral conditions. The results showed that carbon nanombes for dichlorvos enrichment approached 100% in weight after 3 hours,but only had limited influence on the enrichment of methamidophos. Under neutral conditions of 60°C and elution for 3 hours, dichlorvos recovery rate reached 75.9%. Therefore, carbon nanotubes can be used for dichlorvos extraction and analysis in actual water samples.

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Ojha, Umesh Kumar, Dharmendra Kumar Jha, A. J. Ansari et Bibhuti Nath. « Profile of organo phosphorous poisoning at a tertiary medical centre in Jharkhand, India ». International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, n^o 6 (22 novembre 2018) : 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20184766.

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Background: Poisoning is the most common method, employed for the act of deliberate self-harm. The wide availability, lack of rules and regulations for the sale of pesticides resulted in wide spread use of Organophosphate as one of the most common poison used for deliberate self-harm.Methods: In this study, authors aim to find out clinical profile with respect to different O.P. compounds, prognosis and outcome of each patient in relation to the delay in getting medical attention. Present study objective is to find out if there is any specific clinical finding which can predict bad outcome.Results: Out of 344 cases, 189 cases had type 1 respiratory failure, while in 34 cases type II respiratory failure present. 61 cases expired and out of these 61 cases 47 cases died within 24 hours and 11 cases died in next 48 hours.Conclusions: Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 21 - 30years. The maximum number of deaths were in the first 72 hours. Number of cases were more in males as compared to females. Chances of survival was better in persons who reached early to the hospital.

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Chen, Jing, Yao Li Zhang, Yue Wu et Jiong Zhang. « The Basic Study of Plant Esterase in Pesticide Residue Examination ». Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (août 2013) : 950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.950.

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We choose three plant esterase sources, through the measurement of enzyme activity , the plant esterase that sieved efficiently withdraws the raw material, and as to it's the crude extract of the esterase to suggest the reaction condition of the liquid to carry on the system excellent turn, such as pH, reaction time and dilution. So we can guarantee the enzyme inhibition represses the method in great quantities takes out to check the sample carries on the quickly thick of accurate degree, also soon measures the card for the fixed and organ phosphorus pesticide of thorough study to provide the reference.

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Lin, Ying Zi, Chang Hu Cao, Jun Yin et Wu Chao. « Investigation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in a Sewage Treatment Plant of Changchun in Frozen Period ». Advanced Materials Research 281 (juillet 2011) : 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.309.

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For low-temperature conditions, the municipal sewage plant on the low removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting chemicals, We are the investigation of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a sewage plant of Changchun City. The results showed that the water contains contaminants 2,4,6-Tris[Bis(Methoxymethyl)Amino]-1,3,5-Triazine, the substance is endocrine disruptors chemicals, it is more harmful to the environment. In addition, Out of the water contains Triethylphosphate, it is the metabolites of organ phosphorus pesticides, it also has a greater impact on the environment, they should be targeted pollutants, focusing on removal of sewage under low temperature conditions for the effective removal of EDCs to provide theoretical guidance.

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Mohammad, Somaia G., Sahar M. Ahmed, Abd El-Galil E. Amr et Ayman H. Kamel. « Porous Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste for the Removal of Acetampirid Pesticide from Aqueous Solutions ». Molecules 25, n^o 10 (17 mai 2020) : 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102339.

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A facile eco-friendly approach for acetampirid pesticide removal is presented. The method is based on the use of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon (TPAC) as a natural adsorbent. TPAC was synthesized via chemical treatment of tangerine peels with phosphoric acid. The prepared activated carbon was characterized before and after the adsorption process using Fourier- transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size and surface area. The effects of various parameters on the adsorption of acetampirid including adsorbent dose (0.02–0.2 g), pH 2–8, initial adsorbate concentration (10–100 mg/L), contact time (10–300 min) and temperature (25–50 °C) were studied. Batch adsorption features were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 35.7 mg/g and an equilibration time within 240 min. The adsorption kinetics of acetamiprid was fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. From the thermodynamics perspective, the adsorption was found to be exothermic and spontaneous in nature. TPAC was successfully regenerated and reused for three consecutive cycles. The results of the presented study show that TPAC may be used as an effective eco-friendly, low cost and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of acetamiprid pesticides from aqueous solutions.

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Tamanna, Kumari, Bikal Prerna et Shukla Vineeta. « Assessment of an Organophosphate Pesticide Particularly Malathion on Earthworm : A Review ». International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, n^o 01 (2022) : 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.063.

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Aristotle called earthworms the “intestines of the earth” whereas “natures plough” name was allotted by Charles Darwin. The functioning of earthworms has been admired for a long time. They play a constructive aftermath on various ecosystem services like pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, water recycling, and other non-material aids. Earthworm allures more recognition of capability to convert solid waste into beneficial material termed as “vermicompost”. Malathion as an organophosphate pesticide is most used in agriculture and household applications to control pests. Malathion falls under EPA toxicity class III as a slightly toxic compound. Malathion is a standout amongst the most broadly utilized organo-phosphorous. Its fast detoxification is caused by mammalian carboxylesterases present in the liver and different tissues. It acts as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and its relatively low poisonous quality and short half-life add to its prevalence.

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Zhang, Yu. « Theory Study on Toxicity of the Organic Phosphorus Pesticide ». Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 183, n^o 2-3 (14 janvier 2008) : 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500701807608.

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Mol, J. G. J., B. N. Zegers, H. Lingeman et U. A. Th Brinkman. « Packed-capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of pesticides using phosphorus-selective detection ». Chromatographia 32, n^o 5-6 (septembre 1991) : 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02276241.

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Balakrishnan, Vimal K., Julian M. Dust, Gary W. vanLoon et Erwin Buncel. « Catalytic pathways in the ethanolysis of fenitrothion, an organophosphorothioate pesticide. A dichotomy in the behaviour of crown/cryptand cation complexing agents ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, n^o 2 (1 février 2001) : 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-006.

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The rates of displacement of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxide ion from the pesticide, fenitrothion, by alkali metal ethoxides in anhydrous ethanol were followed spectrophotometrically. Through product analysis experiments, which included 31P NMR and GC-MS, as well as spectrophotometric analysis, three reaction pathways were identified: nucleophilic attack at the phosphorus centre, attack at the aliphatic carbon, and a minor SNAr route ([Formula: see text]7%). Furthermore, a consecutive process was found to occur on the product of attack at the phosphorus centre. For purposes of kinetic treatment, the processes at the aliphatic and aromatic carbon were combined (i.e., the minor SNAr pathway was neglected), and the observed reaction rate constants were dissected into rate coefficients for nucleophilic attack at phosphorus and at aliphatic carbon. Attack at phosphorus was found to be catalyzed by the alkali metal ethoxides in the order KOEt > NaOEt > LiOEt. Catalysis arises from alkali metal ethoxide aggregates in the base solutions used (01.8 M); treatment of the system as a mixture of free ethoxide, ion-paired metal ethoxide, and metal ethoxide dimers resulted in a good fit with the kinetic data. An unexpected dichotomy in the kinetic behaviour of complexing agents (e.g., DC-18-crown-6, [2.2.2]cryptand) indicated that the dimers are more reactive than free ethoxide anions, which are in turn more reactive than ion-paired metal ethoxide. The observed relative order of reactivity is explained in the context of the Eisenman theory in which the free energy of association of the metal ion with the rate-determining transition state is largely determined by the solvent reorganization parameter. In contrast with displacement at the phosphorus centre, attack at the aliphatic carbon was not found to be catalyzed by alkali metals. In this case, the free ethoxide anion was more reactive than either the ion-paired metal ethoxide or the dimeric aggregate. The differing effects of alkali metals on the two pathways is ascribed largely to the leaving group pKa. For carbon attack, the pKa value estimated for demethyl fenitrothion, 2.15, is sufficiently low that metal ions are not required to stabilize the rate-determining transition state. In contrast, for phosphorus attack, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxide, with a pKa of 7.15, requires stabilization by metal ion interactions. Hence, alkali metal ions catalyze attack at phosphorus, but not attack at the carbon centres.Key words: organophosphorothioate, pesticide, fenitrothion, ethanolysis, alkali metal ethoxide, ion-pair reactivity, dimers, catalysis, competitive pathways.

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S.M. Singh, Suneel Kumar. « Morpho-Histopathological Response of Phorate-An Organo-Phosphorous Pesticide on the Integumentary Musculature of an Epigeic Earthworm, Eisenia fetida ». International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, n^o 4 (10 avril 2017) : 2048–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.242.

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Nikolic, Bogdan, Hadi Waisi, Vladan Jovanovic, Vesna Dragicevic et Sanja Djurovic. « Brassinosteroid phytochormones as regulators of plant growth and modulators of pesticide and fertilizer activity ». Pesticidi i fitomedicina 33, n^o 3-4 (2018) : 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1804161n.

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The mode of action of agrochemicals on plants implies the totality of their effect on plant metabolism, growth and development. The effects of different doses of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) as a class of brassinosteroid phytohormones on growth and other physiological processes in maize plants during different development stages are reviewed in order to assess the influence of these agrochemicals on various factors determining the yield of maize as an important agricultural crop. In addition, several examples are given of the effects of these phytohormones on other crops, fruits and vegetables, in terms of their effect on yield, yield quality, and increase in crop resistance to some types of stress. Own results are discussed in the context of other literature data. Abbreviations: 24-EBL: 24-epibrassinolide; BRs: brassinosteroids; PCZ: propiconazole; Chl a: chlorophyl a; RFW (g g-1): relative fresh weight of different organs (R: radicle; P: plumule; RoS: rest of seed); TDW, TFW (g): total dry and fresh weight of plants; V root (ml): root volume; LMR, RMR, SMR (g g-1): relative dry weight of plant parts (leaves, roots, stem); dH (J mol-1 K-1): differential enthalpy of different parts (R: radicle; P: plumule; RoS: rest of seed) of 25 maize seedlings exposed to T(reatments) of different molar concentrations of 24-EBL; ?G105 (J mol-1 K-1) differential Gibbs free energy of total maize plant and their parts (R: roots; L: leaves; S: stem) assesed at 105 0C; ZP434, ZP704, ZP505: maize hybrids; Fv/Fm, , Fv/F0, ??S2, qP, NPQ, RFD730 (all in relative units), ETR (?mol electrons m-2 s-1): different Chl a fluorescence parameters; Pphy, Pi: phosphorus bond to phytic acid and free phosphorus available to many cellular biochemical reactions; GSH: reduced form of gluthathyone; K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Si: different chemical elements.

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Koo, In Sun, Dildar Ali, Kiyull Yang, Yong Park, Abdelhamid Esbata, Gary W. vanLoon et Erwin Buncel. « 31P NMR and ESI-MS studies of metal ion-phosphorus pesticide residue complexes ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, n^o 2 (février 2009) : 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-178.

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31P NMR and ESI-MS structural studies have been carried out for O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate anion (PA–) interacting with Ag+, Hg2+, and Na+ cations. Evidence is presented for the formation of PA–···Ag+ and PA–···Hg2+ metal complexes and for ionic PA–Na+, with 31P chemical shift values of 43, 40, and 65 ppm, respectively. The 31P chemical shifts for PA–···Ag+ and PA–···Hg2+ complexes exhibit an initial sharp rise as the [Ag+]/[PA] and [Hg2+]/[PA] ratio increases from 0 to 1.0 and 0 to 0.5, respectively, and remain almost constant beyond these ratios. These results indicate the formation of 1:1 PA–···Ag+ and 2:1 (PA–)2···Hg2+ complexes. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) revealed peaks corresponding to [O-P(=S)(OCH3)2 + Ag + H]+ and {2[O-P(=S)(OCH3)2] + Hg + H}+ for PAH interacting with Ag+ and Hg2+, supporting the 1:1 PA–···Ag+ and 2:1 (PA–)2···Hg2+ stoichiometry. The experimental results support the predominance of species with greater P=O double bond and P–S single bond character, relative to P-O/P=S. Our results on 31P NMR chemical shifts have a bearing on the use of 31P chemical shifts as a tool for organophosphorus pesticide identification.

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Suo, Zhiguang, Xiaowei Liu, Xialing Hou, Yu Liu, Jiayi Lu, Feifei Xing, Yingying Chen et Lingyan Feng. « Ratiometric Assays for Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Organo‐Phosphorous Pesticide Based on Superior Carbon Quantum Dots and BLGF‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters FRET Process ». ChemistrySelect 5, n^o 29 (4 août 2020) : 9254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202002042.

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Arisawa, Mieko. « Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Involving P–P Bond Cleavage ». Synthesis 52, n^o 19 (7 juillet 2020) : 2795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707890.

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Organophosphorus compounds are used as drugs, pesticides, detergents, food additives, flame retardants, synthetic reagents, and catalysts, and their efficient synthesis is an important task in organic synthesis. To synthesize novel functional organophosphorus compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed methods have been developed, which were previously considered difficult because of the strong bonding that occurs between transition metals and phosphorus. Addition reactions of triphenylphosphine and sulfonic acids to unsaturated compounds in the presence of a rhodium or palladium catalyst lead to phosphonium salts, in direct contrast to the conventional synthesis involving substitution reactions of organohalogen compounds. Rhodium and palladium complexes catalyze the cleavage of P–P bonds in diphosphines and polyphosphines and can transfer organophosphorus groups to various organic compounds. Subsequent substitution and addition reactions proceed effectively, without using a base, to provide various novel organophosphorus compounds.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphonium Salts by Addition Reactions of Triphenylphosphine and Sulfonic Acids3 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Exchange Reactions4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Substitution Reactions Using Diphosphines4.1 Reactions Involving Substitution of a Phosphorus Group by P–P Bond Cleavage4.2 Related Substitution Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds4.3 Substitution Reactions of Acid Fluorides Involving P–P Bond Cleavage of Diphosphines5 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Addition Reactions6 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Insertion Reactions Using Polyphosphines7 Conclusions

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Pagliuca, Giampiero, Teresa Gazzotti, Elisa Zironi et Patrizia Sticca. « Residue analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in animal matrices by dual column capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection ». Journal of Chromatography A 1071, n^o 1-2 (avril 2005) : 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.142.

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Zhang, Xinyue, Zhi Li, Yang Wang, Shuaihua Zhang, Xiaohuan Zang, Chun Wang et Zhi Wang. « Preparation of black phosphorus nanosheets/ zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocomposite for high-performance solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides ». Journal of Chromatography A 1708 (octobre 2023) : 464339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464339.

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Hooijschuur, E. W. J., Ch E. Kientz, J. Dijksman et U. A. Th Brinkman. « Potential of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection for determination of polar phosphorus-containing pesticides ». Chromatographia 54, n^o 5-6 (septembre 2001) : 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02492673.

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Meng, Di, Liyuan Zhang, Jie Meng, Qiaopeng Tian, Lixin Zhai, Zhikui Hao, Zhengbing Guan, Yujie Cai et Xiangru Liao. « Evaluation of the Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 in Phoxim Degradation via Transcriptomic Data and Product Analysis ». Molecules 24, n^o 21 (5 novembre 2019) : 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213997.

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Phoxim, a type of organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is widely used in both agriculture and fisheries. The persistence of phoxim has caused serious environmental pollution problems. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 (YP6), which is capable of promoting plant growth and degrading broad-spectrum OPs, was used to study phoxim degradation. Different culture media were applied to evaluate the growth and phoxim degradation of YP6. YP6 can grow rapidly and degrade phoxim efficiently in Luria–Bertani broth (LB broth) medium. Furthermore, it can also utilize phoxim as the sole phosphorus source in a mineral salt medium. Response surface methodology was performed to optimize the degradation conditions of phoxim by YP6 in LB broth medium. The optimum biodegradation conditions were 40 °C, pH 7.20, and an inoculum size of 4.17% (v/v). The phoxim metabolites, O,O-diethylthiophosphoric ester, phoxom, and α-cyanobenzylideneaminooxy phosphonic acid, were confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to give insight into the phoxim-stress response at the transcriptome level. The hydrolase-, oxidase-, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding genes were significantly upregulated for phoxim hydrolysis, sulfoxidation, and o-dealkylation. Furthermore, the phoxim biodegradation pathways by YP6 were proposed, for the first time, based on transcriptomic data and product analysis.

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Lee, X. P., T. Kumazawa, K. Sato et O. Suzuki. « Detection of organophosphate pesticides in human body fluids by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection ». Chromatographia 42, n^o 3-4 (février 1996) : 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02269642.

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Laila Yesmin, Md Rafiqul Islam, Taslima Akber Happy, Md Kafil Uddin, Farzana Ahmed, Debasish Ghosh et Md Kamrul Hassan Sardar. « Profile of Poisoning cases Attending in the Emergency Department of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital (KYAMCH), Enayetpur, Sirajganj. » KYAMC Journal 14, n^o 03 (16 janvier 2024) : 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v14i03.68374.

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Background: Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. In many countries acute poisoning is one of the common scenarios in the emergency department of any general hospitals globally but it’s pattern may vary in different parts of the world and even may be different regional variation in the same country.Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the Profile of Poisoning cases attending in the Emergency Department of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital (KYAMCH), Enayetpur, Sirajganj.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the emergency department of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical college and hospital (KYAMCH), Enayetpur, Sirajganj from January’21 to December’21. Total 80 poisoning cases were collected by using a pre-designed format from Emergency register book/ records, for the study, were those who had undergone exposure to poison either by household or agricultural pesticides, stings bite or snake bite, industrial toxins or toxic plants, drug or miscellaneous products.Results: During this study, the majority were belonging to 16-30 years age group (65%), (55%) were Female and (75%) were Muslims, most of the cases were Suicidal (70%) and no Homicidal case was recorded. Besides that, (20%) poisoning cases were due to Barbiturate, followed by (12.5%) were Organo-phosphorous compound poisoning as well as copper sulphate poisoning. (35%) victim came to hospital within 2 hours to 6 hours and (73.75%) cases were shifted to General bed, followed by (11.25%) cases were Admitted in ICU and (31.25%) cases were found during spring.Conclusion: From our study, we can say that suicidal cases and Barbiturate poisoning were commonly seen. Besides that, young and middle-aged female people are mostly vulnerable to poisonous cases. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 03, October 2023: 116-119.

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Zakharov, V. L. « THE MOST COMMON ORGANISMS ARE BIOINDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY IN THE NORTH OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION ». AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 2, n^o 21 (juin 2021) : 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-25-46.

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The research was conducted in the Tambov and Lipetsk regions. A comparative assessment of the sensitivity of the most common and publicly available bioindicators of soils in the northern part of the Central Chernozem region was carried out. Among cereals and leguminous crops, simply and alfalfa are very sensitive to changing the acidity of the soil. From cruciferous vegetable plants, lettuce and radish react well to the formation of humus-rich soils and the change of soil type in the rosette phase during the growth of the root crop (the biochemical composition of the root crop changes). Leaf lettuce and spinach react sensitively not only to the type of nitrogen ferti-lizer, the presence of chlorine, but also to the dose of nitrogen for the active substance. The cu-cumber reacts sensitively to different levels of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil by the time the first whiskers are formed. Winter cereals (wheat and triticale) are good bioindicators for dif-ferent soil bonuses and their biomass shows a different attitude to the soil from two zones of apple orchards – row spacing and trunk strips. Barley is also responsive to soil bonitet. All its above-ground organs change the content of the common forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the soil conditions change, and only in the ear of these elements of nutrition remain in the optimal range. Apple seedlings with their aboveground biomass, the number of leaves and their water regime react to changes in the properties of the humus horizon, soil fatigue and the change of the soil horizons themselves. In response to an increase in the content of humus, potassium, and manganese in the soil and a change in pHKCl in the leaves of clonal apple rootstocks PB-9 and 62-396, the amount of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium changes. Rootstock 62-396 sensitively changes the content of anthocyanins, chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves in re-sponse to the change in soil type. Yeast and mold fungi reduce their number when the pesticide load on the soil increases. The complex of cellulose-decomposing soil microorganisms reacts sen-sitively to the change of the soil horizon, soil type and anthropogenic transformation during the development of land for apple orchards.

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Amvrazi, E. G., et N. G. Tsiropoulos. « Application of single-drop microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for the determination of multiclass pesticides in vegetables with nitrogen phosphorus and electron capture detection ». Journal of Chromatography A 1216, n^o 14 (avril 2009) : 2789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.070.

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Shira, M., P. Chowdhury, MS Rahman, SM Haque et M. Shahjahan. « Effects of organophosphate insecticide, sumithion on histopathology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the natural pond condition ». International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, n^o 2 (21 janvier 2021) : 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51579.

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Sumithion is an organophosphorus insecticide, which is widely used in aquaculture ponds for eradication of aquatic insect (mainly tiger bug) prior to release of larvae. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an organophosphorus pesticide, sumithion on histoarchitecture of liver and kidney in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during the period from July to December 2016. It was carried out with four treatments, each with two replications. i.e., ponds with no sumithion (T0), with 0.025ppm sumithion (T1), 0.050 ppm sumithion (T2) and 0.100 ppm sumithion (T3). The water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, free CO2, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) were not affected by sub lethal doses of sumithion but the values were fluctuated significantly in most of the cases between the ponds throughout the study period. In case of histoarchitecture of liver and kidney, normal structure of liver and kidney cells were observed in the controlled and treated fish. Through the histological analysis of liver, small vacuole, enlarge lumen space of hepatopancreas and disrupted hepatopancreas were found in T1. Disrupted hepatopancreas, increasement intracellular space, regeneration of hepatic cell and hemorrhage were observed in T2. Moreover, enlarge lumen space of hepatopancreas, degenerated hepatic cell, disrupted hepatopancreas were observed in T3. After the histological analysis of kidney, degenerated renal corpuscle, enlargement of blood vessel, disrupted hematopoetic cell were observed in T1. Ruptured collecting duct, large vacuole, enlarge intracellular space were observed in T2. Furthermore, enlarge bowman’s space, degenerated hematopoetic cell hemorrhage and ruptured distal tubule disrupted, enlarge intracellular space and necrosis were observed in T3. The present investigation sufficiently emphasizes that sumithion has adverse effects on the major organs like liver and kidney. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 66-75, December 2020

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Morello, M., L. Previale et P. Quaglino. « Gas chromatographic system equipped with a mass detector and a selective nitrogen-phosphorous detector operating simulataneously in the analysis of pesticide residues ». Journal of Chromatography A 740, n^o 2 (août 1996) : 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(96)00133-1.

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Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam et Houshang Ghorbanpour. « Development of a new microextraction method based on elevated temperature dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of triazole pesticides residues in honey by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection ». Journal of Chromatography A 1347 (juin 2014) : 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.067.

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Baćmaga, Małgorzata, Jadwiga Wyszkowska, Agata Borowik et Jan Kucharski. « Effects of Tebuconazole Application on Soil Microbiota and Enzymes ». Molecules 27, n^o 21 (3 novembre 2022) : 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217501.

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Identification of pesticide impact on the soil microbiome is of the utmost significance today. Diagnosing the response of bacteria to tebuconazole, used for plant protection, may help isolate the most active bacteria applicable in the bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with this preparation. Bearing in mind the above, a study was undertaken to test the effect of tebuconazole on the diversity of bacteria at all taxonomic levels and on the activity of soil enzymes. It was conducted by means of standard and metagenomic methods. Its results showed that tebuconazole applied in doses falling within the ranges of good agricultural practice did not significantly disturb the biological homeostasis of soil and did not diminish its fertility. Tebuconazole was found to stimulate the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and fungi, and also the activities of soil enzymes responsible for phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon metabolism. It did not impair the activity of urease responsible for urea hydrolysis, or cause any significant changes in the structure of bacterial communities. All analyzed soil samples were mainly populated by bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. Bacteria from the genera Kaistobacter, Arthrobacter, and Streptomyces predominated in the soils contaminated with tebuconazole, whereas these from the Gemmata genus were inactivated by this preparation.

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Churchill, Doreen, Julian M. Dust et Erwin Buncel. « Concerted rate-limiting proton transfer to sulfur with nucleophilic attack at phosphorus — A new proposed mechanism for hydrolytic decomposition of the P=S pesticide, Diazinon, in moderately acidic sulfuric acid media ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, n^o 6 (1 juin 2007) : 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-049.

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We report herein the first kinetic study of a P=S containing organophosphorus pesticide, Diazinon (1), in the moderately concentrated acid region. Product analyses (31P NMR) show that reaction occurs only at the P centre. The rate-acidity profile (kobs vs. molarity of H2SO4) appears as a curve in which the initial slight downward trace (molarity = 1 to ca. 5) is followed by sharper upward curve (molarity ca. 5 to 14). Using treatments involving the excess acidity (X) method, the A-1 and A-2 mechanistic possibilities were found to be inoperative over the full acidity range. A novel mechanism is proposed for the higher acidity (X ca. 2–6) region. This mechanism involves proton transfer to P=S from hydronium ion with concomitant proton transfer from water, which effectively delivers hydroxide to the P centre in a variant of the A-SE2 process. A putative A-2 mechanism in this region is supplanted by the proposed A-SE2 variant where the cyclic array results in proton transfer being efficiently coupled with nucleophilic attack involving water. This constitutes the first report of rate-limiting proton transfer at the P=S functionality in acid hydrolysis of this class of organophosphorus neutroxins. A 600 000-fold acceleration in the decomposition of Diazinon is associated with the change of medium from neutral aqueous solution to the most acidic medium studied (X ca. 6). Key words: phosphorothioate ester hydrolysis, acid catalysis, rate-limiting proton transfer at P=S, excess acidity analysis, new A-SE2 variant mechanism.

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