Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Organized crime – European Union countries »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Organized crime – European Union countries"
1
Čvorović, Dragana. « Suppression of organized crime and Serbia's accession to the European Union ». Bezbednost, Beograd 64, no 1 (2022) : 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2201005c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fight against organized crime is a proactive, strategically oriented activity of all contemporary, democratic states, both nationally and at the international level. The set limits of more efficient suppression of the most serious crimes are the result of active reforms of national normative frameworks, ratified international documents, but also intensive professional cooperation between countries in the field of detecting, combating and prosecuting organized crime. Security threats, which are extremely high when it comes to organized crime, would be difficult to combat without adequate international cooperation between democratic states. One of the countries that actively participate in international cooperation, emphasizing cooperation with European agencies is Serbia. Namely, there is a justified question of the efficiency of Serbia's cooperation with European agencies in the suppression of organized crime, the harmonization of the national framework with the acquis communautare, which is the goal of research in this paper. In accordance with that, the author, through expert and critical analysis of normative solutions, results of practical application and valid theoretical views, analyses the subject matter from the following aspects: first, introductory considerations; second, the effectiveness of financial investigations and the Action Plan for Chapter 23; third, Serbia's cooperation with European agencies in combating organized crime and reforming the normative framework; fourth, concluding remarks.
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BĄK, Tomasz. « CROSS-BORDER SECURITY OF POLAND ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 161, no 3 (1 juillet 2011) : 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3039.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article discusses the issues of cross-border organized crime. It also lists offences committed by organized crime groups throughout Europe. Furthermore, the article provides statistical data concerning cross-border crimes. The author of the article pays special attention to the threats this phenomenon poses for the countries in the European Union. Moreover, the article shows what efforts should be made to effectively combat this phenomenon.
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TĂRTEAȚĂ, Cristina. « HUMAN SECURITY, TERRORISM AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE WESTERN BALKANS ». STRATEGIES XXI - National Defence College 1, no 72 (15 juillet 2021) : 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-5094-21-13.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study we have analyzed the paradigm of Human Security and how it differs from the more known idea of global security in the context of war, terrorism and organizedcrime in the Western Balkans. To emphasize this, we have presented the main terrorist threats and attacks that have occurred in countries like: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia and the Kosovo province, also presenting the complexity of factors that have contributed to the present geopolitical climate. Also, we have compared the number of organized crime groups in these countries and how they contribute to the state of corruption that leads to violence, poverty and inequality. In the end of this paper, we have proposed a series of potential solutions to merge both human and global security in order to create a safer Balkan community in the context of the European Union.Keywords: Human Security, terrorism, organized crime, Western Balkans, European Union.
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Tsyganii, Svitlana, Dmytro Shyian, Mariia Diakur, Vitalii Areshonkov et Volodymyr Hospodarenko. « Criminal Law Transformation in the Context of COVID-19 : The Experience of the European Union and Ukraine ». Cuestiones Políticas 40, no 73 (29 juillet 2022) : 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.02.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the study was to identify and analysed the novelties of the criminal law of Ukraine and the EU Member States caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as regulations and social impact tools. The content analysis, doctrinal approach, comparative method, as well as general methods were applied to analysed research papers, regulations, case law and statistics on COVID-19-related crimes. Criminal law is considered as part of anti-pandemic policy. National governments focus on responding to individual COVID-19-related crimes rather than on crime trends in general. Due to the transient situation, European and Ukrainian practice has shown the priority of adapting existing criminal law to prevent COVID-19. In general, the transformation of criminal law involves establishing rules that can be applied in any pandemic. An important area is the response to long-term criminal challenges (domestic violence, organized crime) through criminal law. The experience of European countries and Ukraine in responding to global threats reveals uncertainty in the criminal law transformation approaches. This determines the reasonability of working out a common European framework of criminal law policy and prospects for the development of criminal law, which can be defined in international recommendatory instruments.
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Wong, Alfred, et Roxanne Gomes. « Societal and Economic Elements of Trafficking in Human Beings into the European Union ». Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 7, no 3 (1 mars 2016) : 831–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v7i3.11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Union (EU) is an early signatory of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. During the past decade, the EU has been undertaking various measures to conform to the "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons". The mitigating strategy has been largely based on the enforcement of existing and new laws, inside as well as outside of the EU. To date, the results have been largely ineffective. Addressing the societal and economic elements of home and host countries could be a more enduring means to alleviate the problem of trafficking in human beings.
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Perepolkin, S. M. « Legal Status of European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 3 (20 février 2022) : 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.03.50.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The success of Ukraine's strategic course towards full membership in the European Union depends on many factors, in particular, on establishing effective cooperation with the Member States of the European Union and its bodies in the field of prevention and counteraction to various manifestations of organized crime. Among the various agencies of the European Union, European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) performs the largest amount of work in this field. In this regard, the article analyzes the history of Europol from its inception as an international intergovernmental organization (European Police Office) to its current state - an independent European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol). To disclose the legal status of Europol, the focus is on the purpose and objectives of its creation, the types of crimes against which Europol’s work is directed, the competence of Europol, which covers more than forty forms of criminal activity, the structure of internal bodies, the normative legal bases of Europol’s interaction with the Member States and other agencies of the European Union, third countries (strategic cooperation agreements and operational cooperation agreements) and international organizations, the genesis of the normative legal bases for relations between Europol and Ukraine. According to the results of the study, the history of the formation of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) is proposed to be divided into two stages: 1. Europol as an international intergovernmental organization of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on the establishment of a European Police Office of 26 July 1995; 2. Europol as the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol). At each stage of Europol's formation, its legal status also changed. At the present stage of Europol's work, its legal status is determined by the Regulation (EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol).
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Nagy, Ivett. « Drug crime transformation under the effect of online platforms ». Belügyi Szemle 69, no 6. ksz. (1 décembre 2021) : 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz.spec.2021.6.7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many types of drug crimes are already known, but it is common to offender groups to implement them in an organised, coordinated, multi-level framework. Affected by online platforms, drug crimes are undergoing a transformation that presents new challenges for the authorities. Criminal groups also like to (re)take the opportunities offered by the Internet. Platforms that connect to the Dark Web, the Dark Internet (secret network form), have become increasingly popular over the past few years, thanks to the fact that there are also services available which are not available by traditional browsers. Coordinated cooperation between several countries, over several years, is needed to ensure successful detection in cyberspace. This is illustrated by a current EUROPOL report, published on 12 January 2021, which shows that a successful liquidation has occurred in the case of DarkMarket, one of the largest illegal marketplaces, requiring the cooperation of several European Union Member States and several non-European Union countries. In the face of the coronavirus epidemic, organised crime groups are still trying to remain active and resilient, which is not a challenge in the online space at this time, although drug delivery models needed to be changed, but they are trying to maintain the constant cycle of the market through their hiding methods. In my study, I am also looking for answers how the detection and recovery of criminal property is carried out at national and international level, in cases where drug crime takes place in the online space. What is the path of illegally acquired criminal property, how can financial profiling be carried out in these cases? In case of drug offences, we are talking about a special asset recovery where is no victim demanded, because there are very few known victims existing. With my study, I intend to capture the current topicality of drug crime, by detecting methods of committing crimes in the online space, internationally and domestically, and by exploring the current processes of asset discovery and recovery. In this way, I wish to provide results that can be used by the profession.
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Kissová, Lenka. « The Production of (Un)deserving and (Un)acceptable : Shifting Representations of Migrants within Political Discourse in Slovakia ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 32, no 4 (26 décembre 2017) : 743–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417745127.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article examines political discourse in Slovakia, particularly the representations of and ideas about refugees and the relevant topics employed in political, explanations and representations of refugees constructed and employed within political argumentation. The text reveals the main discursive legitimation strategies present in the political framing of refugees, resulting in the non-acceptance of non-Christian refugees. Among these, positive us- and negative other-representation, together with denial, moral evaluation, and discursively declared risk based on religion, prove to be the main ones employed for symbolic and physical boundary construction. In this case, the dividing line between “Slovaks” and “others” has been formed around cultural (religious) adaptability, consequently connected to (un)deservingness of solidarity. Different topics are employed before and after adoption of the European Union refugee redistribution system. Economic interests, border protection, and organized crime are applied as main themes of legitimation strategies in the pre-quota period, while cultural interest, identity protection, and terrorism are employed in the post-quota period. They function as a background for argumentation, knowledge production, political decision-making and wider identity-building and national self-determination processes. In the wider context of globalization and Europeanization trends, Christianity becomes an iconic response to global changes and it is used as a mobilizing tool for invoking nationalist and anti-European Union sentiment. Moreover, as the political strategies and responses employed in other Central and Eastern European countries are similar, the Slovak case might be applied more generally and, thus, provide a deeper understanding of the political responses and state-building processes of other countries in the region.
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Mushak, N. « LEGAL REGULATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS’ FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE SCHENGEN AREA ». Actual Problems of International Relations, no 130 (2017) : 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.0.70-81.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article investigates the legal regulation of cross-border information systems that operate within the Schengen area. These information systems are the Schengen Information System, Visa Information System and the European Travel Information and Authorisation System. The information systems provide the opportunity of free access to the database of border and law enforcement authorities of the Schengen area member states. These authorities are able to quick and efficient collaboration as well as in interaction in support of national security, public order and effective fight against organized crime, border-crossing of illegal immigrants, drug trafficking etc. The article defines that in addition to cooperation between the competent and relevant authorities of the Schengen area member states the information systems are to be the instruments of the freedom of movement of persons, contributing at the same time of public order and national security of each of the European countries. The article analyses the main tasks and purposes of a new European travel information and authorization system. In particular, the system concerns those countries that have already signed agreements on visa-free regime with the EU. In practice, it means that the citizens of "visa-free" countries will be able to travel to the Schengen area member states without a visa, but they are required to be authorized through this system before the trip. The research also analyzes the regulations of the European Union, western and national doctrine in respect of the operation of cross-border information systems within the Schengen area.
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Djukanovic, Dragan. « The Western Balkans : The fate of an European periphery ». Medjunarodni problemi 67, no 4 (2015) : 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1504349d.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper analyzes what is the current position of the Western Balkans in the context of contemporary European trends and events. The author considers the European and Euro-Atlantic integration a certain attempt to ?relocate? the whole region of the Western Balkans from an obvious periphery to a semi-periphery position. The focus of analysis is on numerous problems such as continued revitalization of the local ethno-nationalisms, structural economic crisis, the presence of high levels of organized crime and corruption. The author points out that, so far, numerous attempts of the most influential members of the international community primarily the United States and the European Union have failed to promote the improvement of the relations between new-formed countries and to establish a sort of regional identity. The author argues that the creation of the antagonistic identities of the states and nations of the Western Balkans during the breakup of the former Yugoslav federation was the main obstacle to the creation of the common identity. The author concludes that, in view of the new growing trends of ethnic nationalisms and certain forms of extremism and radicalism, the ?relocation? of the Western Balkans from European periphery to the semi-periphery will not be short-term or easy, as evidenced by numerous internal problems and problems in bilateral relations.
Thèses sur le sujet "Organized crime – European Union countries"
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Cochrane, Brandy Marie. « Drowning In It : State Crime and Refugee Deaths in the Borderlands ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/772.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the current state of border hardening against refugees in the European Union and Australia through the lens of state crime. Border hardening strategies are described for both of these areas and a theoretical basis of state crime victimology is used to examine the refugees who encounter this border hardening. The present study analyzes two data sets on border deaths, one for the European Union and one for Australia, to examine the demographics of the refugees who perish while attempting to transgress the border. Results indicated that there remains a significant amount of missing data, suggesting that official methods of record-keeping are necessary to determine the most basic demographics, such as gender and age, so analyses can be run to determine significance in this area. One clear finding was that migrants most frequently die from drowning (EU: 83.6%; AU: 93%) compared to any other cause. Also, there is indication that those from disadvantaged areas of origin (such as the Middle East and Africa) are more likely to die in the borderlands than others in the dataset. Practical implications of the findings are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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CALDERONI, FRANCESCO. « ASSESSING HARMONIZATION AND APPROXIMATION OF ORGANIZED CRIME LEGISLATION AMONG EU MEMBER STATES ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/487.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca fornisce una valutazione del livello di armonizzazione e di ravvicinamento della legislazione in materia di criminalità organizzata tra gli stati membri dell'Unione Europea. La valutazione è realizzata mediante due set di indicatori e si basa su diverse fonti di dati.
La valutazione dell'armonizzazione individua somiglianze e differenze tra la norme nazionali degli stati membri su specifici aspetti della legislazione penale in materia di criminalità organizzata.
La valutazione del ravvicinamento individua il livello di conformità con i requisiti prescritti dalla Decisione quadro 2008/841/GAI relativa alla lotta alla criminalità organizzataThe research provides an assessment of the level of harmonization and approximation of organized crime legislation among EU MS.The assessment is made through two sets of indicators and is based on multiple sources of data. The assessment of harmonization identifies similarities and differences among Member States national norms on specific issues of criminal legislation in the sector of organized crime. The assesssment of approximation identifies the level of compliance with the requirements set by the Framework Decision 2008/841/GAI on the Fight against Organized Crime
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CALDERONI, FRANCESCO. « ASSESSING HARMONIZATION AND APPROXIMATION OF ORGANIZED CRIME LEGISLATION AMONG EU MEMBER STATES ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/487.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca fornisce una valutazione del livello di armonizzazione e di ravvicinamento della legislazione in materia di criminalità organizzata tra gli stati membri dell'Unione Europea. La valutazione è realizzata mediante due set di indicatori e si basa su diverse fonti di dati.
La valutazione dell'armonizzazione individua somiglianze e differenze tra la norme nazionali degli stati membri su specifici aspetti della legislazione penale in materia di criminalità organizzata.
La valutazione del ravvicinamento individua il livello di conformità con i requisiti prescritti dalla Decisione quadro 2008/841/GAI relativa alla lotta alla criminalità organizzataThe research provides an assessment of the level of harmonization and approximation of organized crime legislation among EU MS.The assessment is made through two sets of indicators and is based on multiple sources of data. The assessment of harmonization identifies similarities and differences among Member States national norms on specific issues of criminal legislation in the sector of organized crime. The assesssment of approximation identifies the level of compliance with the requirements set by the Framework Decision 2008/841/GAI on the Fight against Organized Crime
4
Chammat, Fadi. « L'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice à l'épreuve de la lutte contre la criminalité organisée ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0388.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pour contrer la menace de la criminalité organisée qui ne se cesse de se développer en devenant l’un des plus graves enjeux au sein de l’UE, les États membres se trouvent dans l’obligation de renforcer la coopération pénale contre celle-ci. Avec le traité de Maastricht puis la création de l’ELSJ par le traité d’Amsterdam dont la lutte contre la criminalité organisée constitue le moteur essentiel, les États membres expriment leur volonté pour s’organiser les actions et s’unir contre les menaces de la criminalité organisée. Toutefois, ces deux phases ont montré l’ineffectivité de la répression ; la paralysie et beaucoup de faiblesses. Avec son entrée en vigueur en 2009, le traité de Lisbonne commence une nouvelle ère de la lutte contre la criminalité organisée au sein de l’ELSJ. Cependant, même en intégrant ses avancées, il n’amorce pas la rationalisation nécessaire du cadre juridique qu’institutionnel de l’ELSJ contre la criminalité organisée. Des fortes crises que l’UE et l’ELSJ ont connues posent des questions sur la confiance nationale dans cet espace et cette union. La présente thèse cherche à identifier le rôle actuel et futur de l’UE en matière pénale contre la criminalité organisée au sein d’un espace où la libre circulation est le principe. Le rôle attendu ne peut se réaliser réellement qu’à travers d’un système pénal autonome où l’UE a la main forte à l’appliquer dans un climat de confiance et le respect des droits fondamentaux ; des systèmes juridiques d’États membres et leur souveraineté nationale. Dans cette perspective, une modification radicale qui touche à la nature de l’UE et son rôle sera indispensable. Mais qui a la volonté de faire la révolution ?To counter the threat of organized crime, which is constantly growing and becoming one of the most serious issues in the European Union, member states are under an obligation to strengthen penal cooperation against it. With the Maastricht Treaty, and the creation of the area of freedom, security and justice by Amsterdam Treaty, of which the fight against organized crime is the essential driving force, the Member States express their will to organize their actions and unite against the threats of organized crime. However, these phases have shown the ineffectiveness of the repression; paralysis and a lot of weaknesses. With its entry into force in 2009, Lisbon Treaty begins a new era in the fight against organized crime within the AFSJ. However, even in integrating its progress, it does not initiate the necessary rationalization of the institutional legal framework of the AFSJ against organized crime. Strong crises that the EU and the AFSJ have experienced raise questions about national confidence in this area and the EU. This thesis seeks to identify the current and future role of the European Union within a space where free movement is the principle. The expected role can only really be achieved through an autonomous criminal system where the EU has a strong ability in applying it in a climate of trust and respect for fundamental rights; legal systems of member states and their national sovereignty. In this perspective, a radical change that concerns the nature of the EU will be essential. But who has the will to make the revolution?
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Sirvent, Bruno. « Le trafic d'armes à feu dans l'Union européenne ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0653/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le trafic d’armes à feu au sein de l’Union européenne est une menace préoccupante contre l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice poussant l’Union et ses États membres à réagir afin de renforcer leur cadre juridique. Néanmoins, il est difficile d’apporter aux problématiques posées par le trafic d’armes à feu une solution légale du fait de ses caractéristiques et sa transversalité. Les stocks d’armes à feu se trouvant aux frontières de l’Union européenne sont détournés afin d’être introduit dans l’espace sans frontières par de multiples acteurs aux intérêts et motivations diverses. Ces traits de caractères rendent difficile la mise en place d’un cadre juridique harmonisé dans des domaines restant sous le joug de la souveraineté nationale. Ces difficultés ont entrainé le développement d’un cadre juridique imparfait et limité créant des failles juridiques dont les trafiquants profitent. Néanmoins, les solutions existent et sont pour certaines déjà présentes dans le cadre normatif de l’Union européenne. Cependant, l’évolution du trafic d’armes à feu et de ses acteurs conduit également à envisager le développement de nouveaux mécanismes et de nouveaux pans du droitFirearms trafficking within the European Union is a worrying threat to the area of freedom, security and justice, prompting the Union and its Member States to react in order to strengthen their legal framework. Nevertheless, the issue of firearms is complex to legislate because of its characteristics and its cross-cutting nature. Firearm stocks at the borders of the European Union are diverted in order to be introduced into the border-free area by multiple actors with diverse interests and motivations. These characteristics make it difficult to establish a harmonised legal framework in areas that remain under the yoke of national sovereignty. These difficulties have led to the development of an imperfect and limited legal framework creating legal loopholes from which traffickers benefit. Nevertheless, solutions exist and some of them are already present in the European Union's normative framework. However, the evolution of firearms trafficking and its actors also leads us to consider the development of new mechanisms and new areas of the law
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CARRAPIÇO, Helena. « The European Union and organized crime : the securitization of organized crime and its embedment in the construction of a risk-based security policy ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14495.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence Date: 14 June 2010Examining Board: Prof. Friedrich Kratochwil, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Sven Steinmo, European University Institute; Prof. Jef Huysmans, The Open University; Prof. Monica den Boer, Police Academy of the Netherlands/VU University Amsterdam
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
In its current discourse, the European Union depicts organized crime as a growing threat to democracy, to the functioning of markets and to the safety of its citizens. The EU’s discourse presents this phenomenon as an external aggressor that is taking advantage of the free circulation and establishment entailed by the Single Market, of the globalization in general and of technological advances in particular. European societies, on the other hand, are understood as helpless victims, as their traditional responses are no longer able to cope with the recently acquired transnational dimension of organized crime. Following this reasoning, the EU has been developing protection mechanisms- in order to safeguard the citizens and the society in general against organized crime-, based on a so- called common understanding of this phenomenon. Because of this effort, it has been possible to witness the strengthening of police and judicial cooperation, the development of comprehensive strategies and programmes, and the creation of new bodies and working groups to face this problem, all in the name of a greater efficiency. This trend has gradually been accentuated through the introduction of new legislation and the pressure of particular events such as the Falcone and Borsellino assassinations in 1992 and the high- profile terrorist attacks of 2001, 2004 and 2005. The outcome of this process has been the setting up of a complex structure made of numerous repressive and preventive instruments, where law enforcement agencies have gained increased powers and the emphasis has been put on security rather than on the liberty of European citizens. Bearing this background in mind, this research project aims at understanding how organized came to be considered by the European Union as such a serious threat. Departing from a social constructivist approach, it wishes to gain a deeper knowledge of the European Union’s understanding of organized crime and to underline its constructed character. In particular, the project attempts to look into the securitization of organized crime through the specific cases of three EU agencies: Europol, Eurojust and Frontex. The Copenhagen School’s theoretical background, together with discourse analysis, are used to trace how each of these three institutions contributed to the securitization of organized crime and the constitution of the current discourse on organized crime.
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COUTTS, Stephen. « Citizenship, crime and community in the European Union ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/37798.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 6 November 2015Examining Board: Professor Loïc Azoulai, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Marise Cremona, EUI; Professor Valsamis Mitsilegas, Queen Mary University, London; Professor Niamh Níc Shuibhne, University of Edinburgh
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the extent to which criminal law can contribute towards our understanding of Union citizenship and of the political community of the Union. In carrying out this task it adopts a particular perspective on both criminal law and Union citizenship. Firstly, it adopts the criminal law theory developed by RA Duff, premised on the notions of citizenship and community; crimes are viewed as public wrongs, committed against the community. Individuals are held responsible as citizens and are called to account before the community. Secondly, it adopts a particular account of Union citizenship based on a distinction between transnational dimensions and supranational dimensions. The transnational dimension is then broken into two sub-dimensions based on the concepts of social integration and autonomy or a space of free movement. The role of criminal law in these dimensions of Union Citizenship is analysed in the main body of the thesis. Two chapters consider the role of criminal law in social integration in the context of the acquisition of residence rights and the serving of sentences. Two chapters consider the parallels between the autonomy of Union citizens that results in a single space of movement, and the area of justice as it is constructed through the European Arrest Warrant and the operation of a transnational ne bis in idem principle. A final substantive chapter details the competence of the Union to adopt legislation criminalising certain conduct and the extent to which this can be said to contribute to the formation of a community at a supranational level. A conclusion brings together the findings of the thesis in relation to Union citizenship and considers the implications for the structure of the political community in the Union. It is suggested the national remains the main site for communities in the Union. However, transnational processes associated with Union citizenship trigger the emergence of certain supranational norms and ultimately a composite, complementary supranational community.
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Lima, Ana Marta Santos André de. « O Crime Organizado, A (Des)Organização do Conceito e o Pluralismo de Instrumentos Jurídicos Disponíveis Para o Combate do Fenómeno ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85921.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoCriminalidade organizada não corresponde a um conceito jurídico mas sim a um conceito eminentemente instrumental. Estão-lhe associados determinados tipos de crimes já existentes no ordenamento jurídico-penal incluindo-se aqui os tipos-de-ilícito clássicos, previstos no ordenamento jurídico-penal codificado ou extravagante, em que avultam os crimes contra as pessoas, alguns crimes contra o património, o exercício de funções públicas e economia, com recurso a meios informáticos e com conexões transnacionais, do mercado de valores mobiliários, a corrupção e o branqueamento. Neste prisma cabe-me numa primeira fase explorar a plêiade de conceitualizações existentes, quem pratica, como pratica e porque pratica. Importante é analisar o conceito de crime organizado no nosso ordenamento jurídico-penal para melhor compreender o que é este fenómeno, estudo a que me dedicarei tendo como base o próprio Código Penal, a Lei nº 5/2002 de 11 Janeiro que respeita às medidas de combate à criminalidade organizada, o Código de Processo Penal no seu artigo 1º com a definição de “crime” e de “criminalidade altamente organizada”, remetendo para o artigo 299º do Código Penal e artigos 2º e 3º da Lei nº52/2003 de 22 de Agosto sobre o Combate ao Terrorismo; a Lei nº109/2009 de 15 de Setembro que aprova a Lei do Cibercrime e da Constituição da República catálogo que consagra direitos e garantias constitucionais. A nível transnacional prosseguirei a um estudo alargado da Decisão-Quadro 2008/841/JAI do Conselho de 24 de Outubro de 2008 relativa à luta contra a criminalidade organizada e da Convenção das Nações Unidas contra a Criminalidade Organizada Transnacional. Aqui entrará o fenómeno globalização, que propiciou um alargamento dos mercados ilegais e comunicação facilitada e ainda a liberalização dos mercados transacionais com a entrada em vigor das quatro liberdades, de circulação, de transportes, de pessoas e serviços instituída em conjunto e progressivamente pelo Tratado de Roma e o Acto Único Europeu. Posteriormente interessa estabelecer a ligação entre crime organizado e terrorismo e perceber os pontos de convergência e diferenças. Haverá a possibilidade da criação um conceito unitário europeu de criminalidade organizada, desafio colocado à União Europeia através do desenvolvimento de cooperação judicial e policial estabelecendo um quadro legal único tendo em conta os instrumentos ao dispor e activos? O que tem falhado visto o flagelo ter vindo a crescer progressivamente?
Organized crime does not correspond to a legal concept but to an eminently instrumental concept. It is associated with certain types of crimes already existing in the criminal-legal system, including the classic types of crime, provided for in the codified or extravagant criminal legal system, where we have crimes against persons, crimes against the exercise of public functions, against the economy, using computerized means and with transnational connections, on the securities market, corruption and money laundering In this prism it is my task in the first phase to explore the plethora of existing conceptualizations, who, why and how is developed. It is also important to investigate and scrutinize the concept of organized crime in our criminal-legal system in order to better understand what this phenomenon is, a study that I will dedicate based on the Penal Code itself, Law 5/2002 of January 11 with regard to measures to combat organized crime, the Code of Criminal Procedure in its Article 1 with the definition of "crime" and "highly organized crime", referring to Article 299 of the Criminal Code and Articles 2 and 3 of Law 52 2003; Law 109/2009 of September 15 and also the Portuguese Constitution catalog that enshrines constitutional rights and guarantees. Subsequently, it will be important to establish the link between organized crime and terrorism and to perceive points of convergence and diferences. At the transnational level, I will continue a broad study of Council Framework Decision 2008/841 / JHA of 24 October 2008 on the fight against organized crime and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The globalization phenomenon, which has led to a widening of illegal markets and facilitated communication, and the liberalization of the transactional markets, will also come with the entry into force of the four freedoms, movement, transport, people and services jointly and progressively established by the Treaty of Rome and the Single European Act. Is there a possibility of creating a European unitary concept of organized crime, a challenge to the European Union by developing judicial and police cooperation by establishing a single legal framework taking into account available and active instruments? In what way does a conviction provided by a Member State has to be applied, thus achieving a level of "European legal harmony"? What has failed since this scourge has been growing progressively?
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Gonçalves, Júlia Dittrich. « CRIME E CONFISCO : O confisco alargado como o mínimo necessário na luta contra o crime organizado ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85756.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA criminalidade organizada transnacional é uma ameaça global, quer ao nível económico, financeiro, social ou cultural. É preciso conhecer este fenómeno, as suas características e o seu âmbito de incidência de forma a ser possível projectar um combate eficaz. Um dos melhores ataques ao crime organizado passa justamente pela criação e implementação de um eficaz modelo de perda dos instrumentos e produtos do crime. No segundo capítulo debruçar-nos-emos sobre os diferentes tipos de confisco existentes, explorar a Directiva 2014/42/UE, que instituiu o confisco ampliado como regra mínima no domínio da criminalidade particularmente grave com dimensão transfronteiriça, e no funcionamento deste instrumento nos ordenamentos internos de alguns Estados Membros.A criminalidade organizada transnacional é uma ameaça global, quer ao nível económico, financeiro, social ou cultural. É preciso conhecer este fenómeno, as suas características e o seu âmbito de incidência de forma a ser possível projectar um combate eficaz. Um dos melhores ataques ao crime organizado passa justamente pela criação e implementação de um eficaz modelo de perda dos instrumentos e produtos do crime. No segundo capítulo debruçar-nos-emos sobre os diferentes tipos de confisco existentes, explorar a Directiva 2014/42/UE, que instituiu o confisco ampliado como regra mínima no domínio da criminalidade particularmente grave com dimensão transfronteiriça, e no funcionamento deste instrumento nos ordenamentos internos de alguns Estados Membros.A criminalidade organizada transnacional é uma ameaça global, quer ao nível económico, financeiro, social ou cultural. É preciso conhecer este fenómeno, as suas características e o seu âmbito de incidência de forma a ser possível projectar um combate eficaz. Um dos melhores ataques ao crime organizado passa justamente pela criação e implementação de um eficaz modelo de perda dos instrumentos e produtos do crime. No segundo capítulo debruçar-nos-emos sobre os diferentes tipos de confisco existentes, explorar a Directiva 2014/42/UE, que instituiu o confisco ampliado como regra mínima no domínio da criminalidade particularmente grave com dimensão transfronteiriça, e no funcionamento deste instrumento nos ordenamentos internos de alguns Estados Membros.
Transnational organized crime is a global threat that endangers our economic, financial, social and cultural systems. In order to be able to devise an effective combat strategy, it is imperative to understand this phenomenon, its characteristics and its scope of incidence. One of the best combat strategies involves the creation and implementation of an effective confiscation model of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime. In the second chapter, we will focus on the different types of confiscation and will examine Directive 2014/42/EU, which introduced extended confiscation as a minimum rule in the domain of particularly serious crime with cross-border dimensions, as well as the adoption of this legal instrument in the domestic legal order of some Member States.Transnational organized crime is a global threat that endangers our economic, financial, social and cultural systems. In order to be able to devise an effective combat strategy, it is imperative to understand this phenomenon, its characteristics and its scope of incidence. One of the best combat strategies involves the creation and implementation of an effective confiscation model of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime. In the second chapter, we will focus on the different types of confiscation and will examine Directive 2014/42/EU, which introduced extended confiscation as a minimum rule in the domain of particularly serious crime with cross-border dimensions, as well as the adoption of this legal instrument in the domestic legal order of some Member States.Transnational organized crime is a global threat that endangers our economic, financial, social and cultural systems. In order to be able to devise an effective combat strategy, it is imperative to understand this phenomenon, its characteristics and its scope of incidence. One of the best combat strategies involves the creation and implementation of an effective confiscation model of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime. In the second chapter, we will focus on the different types of confiscation and will examine Directive 2014/42/EU, which introduced extended confiscation as a minimum rule in the domain of particularly serious crime with cross-border dimensions, as well as the adoption of this legal instrument in the domestic legal order of some Member States.
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Parra, José Pedro Bordelo de Jesus. « O espaço das informações no combate ao terrorismo ». Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16281.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The management of terrorism presents an added importance because of the ignorance and uncertainty that this threat to peace launches in societies. From the globalization process has resulted a capacity of mobility and communication which allowed the spread of terrorism globally and hence the ability to be in the international agenda. Thus it became necessary a synergy between the main international organizations and states, in the common interest of managing terrorism to acceptable levels.
This thesis aims to assess how much space is reserved for intelligence on combating terrorism. To this end, it carried out a literature review related to intelligence, security and terrorism, such as legislation and official documents, national and international. These allowed realize the strategies for combating terrorism of major international organizations and the Portuguese, the institutions that are in charge of fighting terrorism and related crimes, highlighting the intelligence institutions within the European Union and Portugal.
Intelligence should enter on this panel by the need to meet the threat and its contours. On the one hand lies to understand the framework which establishes terrorism, tracing relevant scenarios to reduce uncertainty in decision-making and, on the other hand, also be responsible for disseminating information to other stakeholders on security, allowing its commands to use the means efficiently.A gestão do terrorismo apresenta uma importância acrescida pelo desconhecimento e incerteza que esta ameaça à paz lança nas sociedades. Do processo de globalização resultou uma capacidade de mobilidade e comunicação que permitiu a difusão do terrorismo de forma global e, consequentemente, a capacidade de se inscrever na agenda internacional. Desta forma tornou-se necessário uma sinergia entre as principais organizações internacionais e Estados, em prol do interesse comum de gerir o terrorismo para níveis aceitáveis. Esta dissertação pretende assim aferir qual o espaço que está reservado às informações no combate ao terrorismo. Para o efeito, realizou-se revisão de literatura relacionada com informações, segurança e terrorismo, tal como, legislação e documentos oficiais, nacionais e internacionais. Estes permitiram perceber as estratégias de combate ao terrorismo das principais organizações internacionais e também portuguesa, as instituições que estão incumbidas do combate o terrorismo e de crimes relacionados com este, realçando-se as instituições de informações no âmbito da União Europeia e em Portugal. As informações devem entrar neste painel pela necessidade de conhecer a ameaça e os seus contornos. Por um lado incumbe perceber o quadro no qual se estabelece o terrorismo, traçando cenários competentes para reduzir a incerteza ao decisor e, por outro lado, incumbe também a difusão de informações a outros intervenientes na segurança, permitindo aos seus comandos e direcções a utilização eficiente dos meios.
Livres sur le sujet "Organized crime – European Union countries"
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Calderoni, Francesco. Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4.
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Francesca, Longo, dir. The European Union and the challenge of transnational organised crime : Towards a common police and judicial approach. Milano : A. Giuffrè, 2002.
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Ikoh, Moses U. Organized crime, security threats and governance : The sustainability of European Union programmes in West Africa. Abuja : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Regional Office, 2013.
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Organized crime legislation in the European Union : Harmonization and approximation of criminal law, national legislations and the EU framework decision on the fight against organized crime. Heidelberg : Springer, 2010.
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C, Spapens A., Littler Alan et Fijnaut Cyrille 1946-, dir. Crime, addiction, and the regulation of gambling. Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008.
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Criminalité financière et organisée dans une Europe élargie. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2012.
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author, Ferwerda Joras, Broek, Melissa van den, author et Deleanu Ioana author, dir. The economic and legal effectiveness of the European Union's anti-money laundering policy. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 2014.
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European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training., dir. Training and the labour market : Using data for decision-making : papers from the conference organized by the EC Commission (PETRA Programme), CEDEFOP and GREE : Nancy (F), 6, 7 and 8 March 1991. Thessaloniki : The Centre, 1994.
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The politics of EU police cooperation : Toward a European FBI ? Boulder, Colo : L. Rienner, 2003.
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1954-, Henderson Karen, dir. The area of freedom, security, and justice in the enlarged Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Organized crime – European Union countries"
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Calderoni, Francesco. « Harmonization and Approximation Policies in the European Union ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_1.
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Calderoni, Francesco. « Organized Crime Legislation : Reasons and Background for the Assessment of Harmonization and Approximation ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 21–46. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_2.
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Calderoni, Francesco. « The Methodology ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 47–54. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_3.
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Calderoni, Francesco. « Assessing Harmonization : The Horizontal Analysis ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 55–121. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_4.
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Calderoni, Francesco. « Assessing Approximation : The Vertical Analysis ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 123–63. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_5.
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Calderoni, Francesco. « Conclusions and Implications ». Dans Organized Crime Legislation in the European Union, 165–73. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04331-4_6.
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Militello, Vincenzo. « Transnational Organized Crime and European Union : Aspects and Problems ». Dans Human Rights in European Criminal Law, 201–14. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12042-3_10.
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Fijnaut, Cyrille. « Judicial Cooperation and Organized Crime in the European Union ». Dans International Law and The Hague’s 750th Anniversary, 9–14. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-501-8_3.
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Fijnaut, Cyrille. « The strategy of the European union against serious transnational crime (2020–2025) ». Dans The Routledge Handbook of Transnational Organized Crime, 522–40. 2e éd. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044703-37.
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Meçe, Merita H. « Risk Factors of the Irregular Migratory Waves on the Western Balkan Route : Implications in the European Union Countries ». Dans Migration and Crime, 45–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_3.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Organized crime – European Union countries"
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Ballı, Esra, et Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. « Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.
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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Kostadinović, Ivana, et Sunčica Stanković. « Comparative Analysis of the Development of the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union ». Dans Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics : Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.1.
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In modern conditions, developed market economies base their growth and development on the small and medium enterprises sector and entrepreneurship, as the most efficient segment of the economy, which provides the greatest contribution to employment, GDP and turnover. Since SMEs significantly contribute to employment, competitiveness and exports, developed countries have taken a systematic and organized approach to encourage their development and successful functioning. Following the example of developed countries, developing countries, are increasingly basing their economic growth and development on the SME sector. In the Republic of Serbia, at the beginning of the 21st century, institutional changes were implemented, which resulted in the improvement of the business environment and significant progress in building a system for encouraging and supporting the development of SMEs. The paper aims to, through comparative analysis, explain the development of the SME sector in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union.
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Felcan, Miroslav. « Historical Cross-Section of Arson ». Dans Safe and Secure Society. The College of European and Regional Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/ssc_2020/1.
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This work was supported by the Agency for Research and Development under the contract no. APVV-17-0217.Every year fires cause big damage to society, property, environment, buildings and infrastructure and pose a threat to life and health of persons in endangered areas. In most cases arson serves as insurance fraud or cover up any crime (e.g. robbery, embezzlement). However, there may be other reasons, e.g. in the case of the Commission of the European Union, the use of the product in envy, hatred, threats, blackmail, competitive struggle. Or social, political, or ethnic differences. In several cases, arson was used as a so-called 'arson attack'. The false flag, that is, the arsonist used the fire to accuse his enemy and took advantage of the wave of recourse that subsequently was raised against him. The circumstances of the cause and the fire are under investigation. After extinguishing a fire, it is standard procedure to seek and then either confirm, refute or further examine the possibility of intentional formation. In most countries of the world, arson is treated as a crime and seen as harming a stranger or a threat to life.
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Popa, Luminita. « "ELECTRONIC SHEET OF PRACTICE" USED IN ROMANIAN STUDENTS' INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES ». Dans eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-072.
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Practice in Romania universities is regulated by the Education Law, which stipulates the students' obligation to perform it. In the case of students' specialty professional practice at economic agents, the Labor Code has also provisions that apply to them. The Labor Code is completed by the other provisions of labor legislation in Romania, in harmony with EU norms and rules of international labor law. The orders of the Ministry of Education on professional practice stipulates that conducting internship in university programs is developed under the Framework Convention between the organizer of practice (university), practice partner (economic agent) and practitioner (student). The Electronic Sheet of Practice (ESP) requires also three different perspectives for student practitioner, faculty member (practice mentor) and economic agent. Using Electronic Sheet of Practic instrument, faculty members practice mentors can post their programs including students' practice results. The existence of such assessment tools and their use in accordance with the law governing the practice of students ensure professional assessment and uniformity of training, fostering their careers accessibility. Such tools, appropriate to each stage of specialty practice development, could be judiciously organized in the European Union countries. The need for such tools, which represent a support unit for the specialty practical training of students, is felt during this period in Romania, which, as its membership of the European Union, must find solutions to meet both commitments and to resolve social problems they face. The educational activities and products of the project, are evaluated favourably by the students who intend to continue their implementation, including in new projects development of the some aspects of the project developed.
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Ciconkov, Risto. « Climate Change and HVACR Systems ». Dans 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.245.
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Indicators at a global level are presented: population in the world today and forecasts for developed and developing countries. The following diagrams are presented: world total primary energy consumption, global CO2 emissions from combustion since 1971, as well as cumulative CO2 emissions by regions since 1750. Facts for climate change are included (according to WMO and IPCC): increase in GHG concentrations, increase in air temperature, rise in sea level, etc. The consequences of global warming are listed: extreme rainfall and floods; high temperatures – heat waves, droughts, wildfires; huge damage to agriculture; harmful impacts on the environment, etc. The IPCC provides several scenarios for a global rise of air temperature up to 2100, for a global rise of sea level etc. The activities of the international community on climate change are organized through: IPCC, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and continuous negotiations. The European Union (EU) is probably the most advanced in the battle against climate change. Some important strategies are outlined: by 2020, by 2030, and by 2050. Heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems (HVACR) are connected with energy consumption, which means they are a source of GHG emissions. The situation with HVACR systems is such that even in EU countries, the fossil fuels are dominant in the heating systems. Future solutions for HVACR systems are described. The first step is to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and HVACR equipment. The concept of "nearly zero-energy buildings" should be worked on. HVACR systems should be based on renewable energy sources (RES). The considered solutions include heat pumps, solar panels, thermal storage, district heating, combined heat and power, condensing boilers, reversible air conditioners, the concept of "smart" buildings, automation of HVACR systems with digital technology, etc. The political, economic and social aspects of climate change are analyzed. Capitalism society, market economy, profit, is the main reason for today's climate change situation. On the end, there is a discussion highlighting the need for urgent and major investment in RES and energy efficiency. For rich countries, this is really achievable. But developing countries, representing 83% of the world's population, need financial assistance, and this needs to be regulated through the Paris Agreement. Obstacles of a political nature are also possible (US and Paris Agreement).
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Mihai, Ioan cosmin. « STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF CYBERCRIME FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPROMISED ELEARNING SYSTEMS ». Dans eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-227.
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The phenomenon of cybercrime is becoming more hostile and confrontational as both individuals and organized criminal groups take advantage of new criminal opportunities from the cyber environment. Many cyber-attacks are used to compromise eLearning systems, to change the student’s grades and results, to steal the information available only for trainers and professors, or to infect all the users that are using the platforms. The role of legislation in preventing and combating the cybercrime phenomenon against eLearning systems is very important. Legal measures are needed in all the fields, including investigative measures, procedural powers, jurisdiction, and international cooperation. In a globalized and connected world, the law consists of a collection of national and international legal systems. Sometimes provisions can contradict each other, resulting to collisions of law, because of the interactions between these legal systems. The main goal of the international law is to obtain harmonization of national laws. In the last decade many significant developments were made for the promulgation of multilateral instruments in the field of cybercrime. This paper analyses the collections of regional and international instruments developed in the context of the Council of Europe or the European Union, tools that can help the investigations of compromised online systems. Legal frameworks for the investigation of cybercrime acts in the field of eLearning require a clear scope of application of the power, in order to guarantee the legal actions. Most of the countries have introduced new investigative powers specially created for obtaining electronic evidence which can be used in cases of compromised eLearning systems.
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Leon Bello, Jorge, et Emilio Gonzalez Viosca. « CARONTE project : Creating an Agenda for Research on Transportation Security ». Dans CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3272.
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Europe’s prosperity relies on effective transport systems. Any attacks and disturbances to land freight and passenger transport would have significant impact on economic growth, territorial cohesion, social development and the environment. Unfortunately, there are weaknesses in the land transport security.The objective of CARONTE project is define a future research agenda for security in land transport that focuses on core gaps caused by emerging risks while avoiding any doubling-up of research elsewhere. Its research agenda will cover all threats, including cyber-crime, and security aspects across all modes of land transportation. At the same time, it will respect the fundamental human rights and privacy of European citizens. The step-by-step method of CARONTE’s consortium has analyzed the state of the art and emerging risks; has identified gaps, analyses and assessments of potential solutions; and has produced an overall research agenda for the future. CARONTE’s results will answer the following questions among others: Which existing research projects merit a follow up and extension?Where are the combinations or synergy effects to be attended?Which themes and topics should be elaborated in new research projects?Who should be involved and integrated in future research projects (stakeholders, authorities, etc.)? The CARONTE consortium includes universities and research institutes, companies, and end-users providing with experience in research and consultancy in transportation, logistics, infrastructure management, security and communications. ITENE - Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística- has been one of the Project partners among a total of 11 members from eight different countries in the European Union which have also been supported via a High Level Advisory Board.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3272