Thèses : « Or traditional medicinal knowledge »

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Frommer, Chloe Giselle. « The cultural right to practice traditional medicinal knowledge in Zimbabwe / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79766.

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Cultural resources like traditional medicinal knowledge need to be recognized in their role tied to important regional practices in Zimbabwe. This is especially as a nexus of legal definitions for biological, intellectual and cultural resources will inform a National Sui Generis Legislation for the protection of these resources. Even further, because foreign pharmaceutical companies seeking plant genetic resources, called 'green-gold', benefit from derivatives of traditional medicinal knowledge it is important to protect these practices as part of an entire social and symbolic system. This system can be conceived as traditional medicinal knowledge is accessed, kept, shared, used and valued as a spiritual gift that links individuals, families and community in relationships. Change to this arrangement occurs when the derivatives of it are appropriated for local non-customary use in Zimbabwe's street markets, in a trade union of traditional-healers, as well as for research and development schemes. Acknowledging the spectrum of divergent interests and practices surrounding traditional medicinal knowledge is a prerequisite to creating a system of protections for it as a cultural resource. A National Sui Generis Legislation framework that clearly supports and protects the cultural right of local individuals and communities will thereby need to identify the important customary and non-customary regional practices around traditional medicinal knowledge and create entitlements to them accordingly.

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Lassonde, Marie-Claire. « The protection of indigenous medicinal knowledge in international intellectual property law / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78220.

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For 20 years, and more intensively during the last decade, indigenous knowledge has challenged the regime of intellectual property. If this field of law has been, in the past, challenged by new technology, it is now, with the problematic of indigenous medicinal knowledge, put to the test by "old invention". The present thesis examines the status of indigenous medicinal knowledge in international intellectual property law. Thus, we will proceed to the study of the main international conventions and the common regime of intellectual property law in order to determine the treatment accorded to medicinal indigenous knowledge within the actual system. The role that intellectual property could play in the future will also be examined.

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Lehman, Ashley Davis. « Assessing ethnobotanical knowledge and resources to develop a sustainable management plan for the Lokaro Reserve in southeast, Madagascar ». Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-151255.

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Heisler, Elisa Vanessa. « SABERES E PRATICAS POPULARES NO CULTIVO DE HORTO MEDICINAL ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7435.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Health care practices are as old as the emergence of the human species, because since the beginning of civilization are part of the family and community care activities. Among the various practices used and disseminated by popular culture, medicinal plants occupy a prominent place. Although they have been devalued by scientific knowledge, remained to the public health system margin, and are now being valued by national and international public policies that value and encourage the rescue of this millennial know. Considering the importance of the recovery of conventional wisdom for health care, this study aims to answer the research question: what are the knowledge and popular practices associated with the cultivation of medicinal plant garden in a city of Northwest Rio Grande do Sul region? To answer this question has as main objective: to know the knowledge and popular practices on the cultivation of the garden of medicinal plants in a city of Northwest Rio Grande do Sul region. And the following objectives: describe the origin of knowledge and popular practices in the medicinal garden growing in a city of Rio Grande do Sul Northwest region (RS); describe the medicinal plants grown in nurseries medicinal in a city of Northwest Rio Grande do Sul region. This is an exploratory study, structured through a qualitative research. The study subjects were 22 users of the Unified Health System (SUS) participating in the cultivation of three medicinal plant nurseries in the area of coverage of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), located in a city of Rio Grande do Sul the Northwest region. Data collection took place between April and May 2014, using a semi-structured interview, photos and observations recorded in a diary. The analysis and interpretation of data occurred through the operative protocol. The study followed the ethical precepts of the Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with the Presentation Certificate Assessment Ethics 26605014.4.0000.5346 number. The results are presented in the scientific article format: Article 1: Cultivation of medicinal garden: knowledge and popular practices; Article 2: Plants grown in medicinal plant nurseries in a city of Northwest Rio Grande do Sul region. It was possible to identify the medicinal plant nurseries originated from initiative and incentive from the EMATER. The knowledge and practices for cultivation and management of the plants come from the knowledge and popular culture, highlighting the figure of the woman as the main knowledgeable and transmitting this knowledge. The nurseries are composed of 12 plants, which were indicated by EMATER and come from the yards of the cultivators. Finally there is the importance of nurses' approach to the cultivation of medicinal plant nurseries, in that these constitute itself as an important strategy for the development of promotion and health education focused on the theme medicinal plants.
As práticas de cuidado a saúde são tão antigas quanto o surgimento da espécie humana, pois desde o início da civilização fazem parte das atividades de cuidado familiar e comunitário. Dentre as diversas práticas utilizadas e difundidas pela cultura popular, as plantas medicinais ocupam lugar de destaque. Apesar de terem sido desvalorizadas pelo saber científico, permaneceram à margem do sistema oficial de saúde, e hoje estão sendo valorizadas por políticas públicas nacionais e internacionais que valorizam e incentivam o resgate deste saber milenar. Por considerar a importância do resgate da sabedoria popular para o cuidado em saúde, este estudo buscou responder à questão de pesquisa: quais os saberes e práticas populares associados ao cultivo de horto de plantas medicinais em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul? Para responder a esta questão teve-se como objetivo geral: conhecer os saberes e práticas populares sobre o cultivo de horto de plantas medicinais em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. E como objetivos específicos: Descrever a origem dos saberes e práticas populares no cultivo de horto medicinal em um município da região Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS); descrever as plantas medicinais cultivadas em hortos medicinais em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, estruturado por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 22 usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que participavam do cultivo de três hortos medicinais na área de abrangência de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), localizada em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados aconteceu no período entre abril e maio de 2014, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada, fotografias e observações registradas em um diário de campo. A análise e interpretação dos dados ocorreram por meio da proposta operativa. A pesquisa seguiu os preceitos éticos da resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde e obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com o Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética número 26605014.4.0000.5346. Os resultados são apresentados no formato de artigo científico: Artigo 1: Cultivo de horto medicinal: saberes e práticas populares; Artigo 2: Plantas cultivadas em hortos medicinais em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi possível identificar que os hortos medicinais tiveram origem a partir de iniciativa e incentivo por parte da EMATER. Os saberes e as práticas para o cultivo e manejo das plantas são provenientes do saber e da cultura popular, destacando-se a figura da mulher como principal conhecedora e transmissora desse saber. Os hortos são compostos por 12 plantas, as quais foram indicadas pela EMATER e são provenientes dos quintais das cultivadoras. Por fim destaca-se a importância da aproximação do enfermeiro com o cultivo dos hortos medicinais, na medida em que estes configuram-se como uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção e educação em saúde voltadas para o tema plantas medicinais.

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Ogbonna, Nkechinyere. « What role should customary law play in the protection of traditional medicinal knowledge in Nigeria ? » Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718851.

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Shao, Jing. « "Hospitalizing" traditional Chinese medicine : identity, knowledge and reification / ». online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9951836.

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Goldberg, Karen. « Investigating the sustainability of medicinal plants and the loss of traditional knowledge in a rural community in Namaqualand ». Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25601.

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Up until the early 1990s conservation practices in South Africa were culturally biased, focusing largely on the value systems of the affluent. However, with the release in 1997 of the White Paper on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of South Africa's Biological diversity, the role that biological resources play in providing for the needs of all South Africans, is now emphasized. According to this policy, human needs must be considered if conservation is to be successfully implemented. Using this document as the framework for this study I chose to investigate various aspects of medicinal plant use in a rural community in Paulshoek, Namaqualand. The main aims were as follows: to evaluate the local knowledge regarding medicinal plants; to document the plants used and collected in Paulshoek; and to determine potential threats to the biological resource. This was achieved by employing a variety of social and ecological methods. It became apparent from the interactions and interviews with the residents that medicinal plants are an important resource to the Paulshoek community since more than 70% of the population regularly use herbal remedies. While there is some evidence to suggest that the local knowledge of medicinal plants is dying out, I would speculate that most of the knowledge has already been lost. Of the 15 plants used and collected in Paulshoek, most appear to be highly sustainable in the landscape. This conclusion was based on people's perceptions regarding the change in abundance of each of these species over time and by further comparing plant size between Paulshoek and adjacent commercial farms. As most medicinal species seem unaffected by either: harvesting or land use practices this indicates that it is possible to achieve a sustainable harvest. Certain species do, however, show evidence of decline. Fuelwood harvesting most probably accounts for the change in abundance of Rhus burchelli over time, while Mentha longifolia may be facing some reduction in plant fitness due to harvesting for medicinal purposes. Sceletium emarcidum is on the verge of local extinction due to a combination of intensive harvesting and high grazing pressures. In contrast, high stocking densities appear to account for the increased abundance in both Galenia africana and Ballota africana. These findings clearly show that while the resource as a whole may be fairly resilient to harvesting and land use practices, certain species are in need of urgent conservation. This study further highlights the need to look beyond the direct impacts of harvesting and consider all possible threats, if the resource is to be sustainably managed. While this case study is atypical of the state of the medicinal plant resource in most of South Africa, this survey serves as a novel protocol for evaluating the sustainability of any resource which is regularly utilized.

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Anne, Ouma. « From Rural Gift to Urban Commodity : Traditional Medicinal Knowledge and Socio-spatial Transformation in the Eastern Lake Victoria Region ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81049.

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As we celebrate all the dynamic and dramatic improvements in human health care in the 21st century, life in much of Africa begins with and is sustained with the support of traditional medicinal knowledge. Research on traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) is extensive, but rather few studies have been written about Traditional Healers' (THs') own perceptions about TMK and practices in relation to changing societal dynamics. The aim of this thesis is to examine how THs perceive on going socio-spatial transformation, including contemporary processes of urbanization, migration, commercialization and commodification of TMK, as well as changing dynamics of learning and knowledge systems between generations and genders and how these affect their medicinal healing practices in time and space. The thesis consists of four main empirical chapters, which derive from different data sources including literature, documentation review and qualitative interview material. The findings in this thesis can be summarised as follows: First that TMK today exists side by side with modern health systems, in what are seen as complex patterns of medical pluralism that provide evidence of an evolving role the TH plays in primary health care, in the rural and urban space. Youthful migrating population dynamics that are linked to historical processes, have effectively carved an emerging cross-sectoral role of the TH in the formal space. Secondly the developing legislation on IPR and ABS in parallel with the representation of an earlier official formal governance around TMK in Tanzania; and the difference in the sectors where TMK is anchored in the two contexts, could have paved way to some earlier collaborative mechanisms, that today provide space to enable a more natural engagement between formal and informal organizations involved in the governance of TMK in Tanzania. Thirdly, the practical ways in which TMK learning processes, which are characterized by learning systems in place, being sent and visiting sacred places that are lived by an apprentice over a number of years, have increasingly come under pressure. Fourthly the thesis shows approaches by THs, encouraging the youth to access conventional medicinal education followed by, or in parallel with TMK learned through traditional pedagogies employed by the THs themselves. The youth’s keen interest in learning TMK is seen to increase when they view improved livelihood possibilities due to the commercialization of medicinal plants. The future of TMK learning processes may be limited unless incentives are put in place for the youth regarding their future livelihoods. Fifth, gendered and generational dimensions suggest that older and some younger female THs reemphasize the values of the gift and TMK in a climate of increased commodification and commercialization of TMK, where TMK increasingly meets neoliberal processes, engaging an alternative paradigm than the gift economy, where a predominance of male TH’s in the urban space and places, increasingly define the diversification of the TMK livelihoods. The gift provided by a higher power and which is embedded in a particular cosmological view, to be used as a social service to help the community, is increasingly evolving as an emerging tested force in a changing ideological climate, with an increasing awareness of commodification, commercialization, IPR and ABS issues surrounding TMK. It implies awareness in relation to the increased benefits of commoditized and commercialized medicinal plant knowledge (which THs hold) for other individuals and institutions. The TH profession and TMK is seen as entering a contested IPR/ABS arena at a time when increasingly socio-spatial transformations are modifying its role from that of a gift to an owned commodity. However while the practice of TMK has changed over time and space, presenting new challenges as well as opportunities, it is also seen as a threat that anyone today can sell and market TMK products.

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Monakisi, Charlotte M. « Knowledge and use of traditional medicinal plants by the Setswana-speaking community of Kimberley, Northern Cape of South Africa ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18589.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The majority of South Africans still depend on the use of traditional remedies, as these are sometimes the only types of health care systems available, especially within rural communities. South Africa comprises approximately 400 000 traditional healers and an estimated 60 to 80% of individuals consulting such traditional healers. As a result, the over-harvesting of many traditional medicinal plants has become a threat to the country’s species diversity and has resulted in the scarcity of certain medicinal plant species. The non-sustainable use of traditional medicinal plants stems from their intense harvesting from the wild to supply the high demands from urban and rural markets. As a result of the escalating population growth rate; high rural unemployment; and fundamental value attached to traditional medicinal plants (socio-economic factors), the national and regional trade of traditional medicines is currently higher than it has ever been. Another reason for the increased threat to traditional medicinal plants is the degradation and weakening of customary laws that have previously regulated such resources. This study focuses on the use of traditional medicinal plants by the Setswana-speaking community for self-medication and as a form of primary health care. Research was conducted in Kimberley, Northern Cape of South Africa and focuses on the issue of the sustainability of medicinal plant use in the area, specifically on use and users as well as the acquisition of material sold by a single trader and harvesting techniques. This is to determine whether harvesting of medicinal plants is a potential threat to plant communities in the area. To address the shortcomings of medicinal anthropology the study also investigates the impacts of relocation and resettlement of various communities in the area, on plant use, methods of collection, the sustainability of the natural resource, as well as the transmission of Setswana indigenous knowledge inter-generationally. most abundant under high disturbances. Certain species reacted positively to disturbance and were most abundant in disturbed habitats. These included Elephantorrhiza elephantina and a Helichrysum sp. To minimise destructive harvesting in the Kimberley area and to ensure the sustainable harvesting of plant material, it is important that local harvesters are educated on proper harvesting techniques and that local gatherers are educated on sustainability issues as well as other ecologically fundamental issues.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meeste Suid-Afrikaners is steeds afhanklik van tradisionele geneesmiddels aangesien dit soms, veral in landelike gemeenskappe, die enigste beskikbare gesondheidsorg is. Suid-Afrika het sowat 400 000 tradisionele geneeshere wat deur ’n geraamde 60% tot 80% van individue geraadpleeg word. As gevolg hiervan hou die oorontginning van talle tradisionele medisinale-planthulpbronne ’n bedreiging vir die land se spesiediversiteit in en het dit reeds tot ’n skaarste aan sekere medisinale plante gelei. Tradisionele medisinale plante word tans nievolhoubaar aangewend aangesien dit op groot skaal in die veld geoes word om in die groot vraag van stedelike en landelike markte te voorsien. As gevolg van die stygende bevolkingsgroeikoers, hoë landelike werkloosheidsyfer en die grondliggende waarde wat aan tradisionele medisinale plante geheg word (sosio-ekonomiese faktore), is die nasionale en streekhandel in tradisionele geneesmiddels tans groter as ooit tevore. Nog ’n rede vir die toenemende bedreiging van tradisionele medisinale plante is die verslapping en versagting van gewoonteregwetgewing wat voorheen sodanige hulpbronne gereguleer het. Hierdie studie fokus op die gebruik van tradisionele medisinale plante deur die Setswanagemeenskap vir selfbehandeling en as ’n vorm van primêre gesondheidsorg. Die navorsing vir die studie is in Kimberley in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika gedoen en fokus op die kwessie van volhoubare medisinale-plantgebruik in die gebied, met bepaalde klem op gebruik en gebruikers, die verkryging van middels wat deur ’n enkele handelaar verkoop word, en oestegnieke. Die doel van die navorsing was om te bepaal of die oes van medisinale plante ’n moontlike bedreiging vir plantgemeenskappe in die gebied inhou. Om die tekortkominge van medisinale antropologie aan te pak, ondersoek die studie ook die uitwerking van die verskuiwing en hervestiging van verskeie gemeenskappe in die gebied op plantgebruik, oesmetodes, die volhoubaarheid van die natuurlike hulpbronne, asook die oordrag van inheemse Setswana-kennis oor geslagte heen. Selfbehandeling en die gebruik van tradisionele medisinale plante speel steeds ’n groot rol in Kimberley, aangesien die meeste van die individue wat aan die navorsing deelgeneem het steeds tradisionele geneesmiddels as deel van hulle kultuur en tradisie gebruik. Daar word in ’n uiteenlopende verskeidenheid plantmateriaal handel gedryf. Hoewel sommige van die middels plaaslik ingesamel word, word die meeste van ander dele van die land, en in party gevalle van buurlande soos Lesotho en Swaziland, ingevoer. Hoewel die meeste van die materiaal dus nie plaaslik ingesamel word en dus nie bepaald op hierdie studie betrekking het nie, is dit steeds aanduidend van oes- en volhoubaarheidskwessies in ander dele van die land. Die kruiekenner dryf in sewentig tradisionele medisinale-plantsoorte handel, waarvan party beskermd en erg bedreig is, waaronder Prunus africana en Warburgia salutaris wat slegs in beskermde gebiede in die land voorkom. Prunus africana is ’n gelyste spesie in CITES, aanhangsel 2. Ander bedreigde spesies sluit Ocotea bullata, Bersama lucens, Curtisia dentata en ’n Eugenia-spesie in. Die meeste van die plante wat (in Kimberley) geoes word, is in die vorm van ondergrondse bergingsorgane (uitlopers en bolle). Hoewel hierdie plante van stingelskade en die skade aan ondergrondse bergingsorgane kan herstel, vat hulle swak pos indien hulle oorgebruik en oorontgin word, en kan hulle dus mettertyd al hoe minder voorkom. In hierdie studie word die mettertydse afname in plantbevolkings deur die toename in reisafstande na insamelingspunte aangetoon. Hierdie tendens is egter nie in die handelsprys en -materiaalhoeveelhede oor die afgelope eeu weerspieël nie. Die meeste van die studiedeelnemers het bevestig dat die prys en hoeveelheid van die handelsmateriaal deurentyd betreklik stabiel gebly het. Van die teikenspesies wat vir kwesbaarheid of sensitiwiteit vir ontwrigting ondersoek is, het Withania somnifera, Boophane disticha, Dicoma anomala en Bulbine natalensis die laagste oorlewingspotensiaal en die hoogste ontwrigtingsensitiwiteit getoon. Die meeste van hierdie spesies het in baie klein hoeveelhede op die gekose terreine voorgekom. In die geval van Withania somnifera kon die negatiewe resultate egter met die laereënvalseisoen gedurende daardie betrokke jaar in verband gebring word. Hierdie spesie word oor die algemeen as ’n onkruid in ontwrigte gebiede geklassifiseer en kom meestal onder erg ontwrigte toestande voor. Sekere spesies, soos Elephantorrhiza elephantina en ’n Helichrysum-spesie, het positief op ontwrigting gereageer en het volop in ontwrigte habitatte voorgekom. Om vernietigende oestery in die Kimberley-omgewing te minimaliseer en die volhoubare ontginning van planthulpbronne te verseker, is dit belangrik dat plaaslike plukkers in gepaste oestegnieke, en plaaslike insamelaars oor volhoubaarheidskwessies en ander ekologies belangrike sake opgelei word.

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Jordaan, Beatrice. « The protection of indigenous medical knowledge a critical analysis / ». Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd/etd-07132006-120602/.

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Simelane, Bhekithemba Doctor. « Indigenous knowledge and vegetation utilisation in Khayelitsha, Cape Town ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4577_1209045528.

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The aim of this study was to investigate indigenous knowledge of vegetation resource utilisation, in particular the use of traditional medicinal plants in the provision of health care in the community of Khayelitsha and to determine traditional resource management approaches.

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Squetimkin-Anquoe, Annette. « Urban Indian Perspectives of Traditional Indian Medicine ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1370380339.

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Kago, Ntsetselele. « Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in Botswana : patients’ attitudes, knowledge and use ». University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5482.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine use, knowledge and attitudes towards traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) in Botswana among people who visit public health facilities. PRIMARY AIM: The primary aim of this study was to establish the attitude towards, knowledge of and use of TCAM among patients utilizing two public health care facilities in Botswana. METHODS: The study was descriptive and quantitative in design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires in two public sector hospitals. Data included demographics of participants, current or past TCAM use, perceptions of efficacy and safety of TCAM and knowledge sources on TCAM. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 38.5 years with the youngest participants being 18 years and oldest participant 78 years. Just more than half (55%) of the participants were female.The majority of participants were single (65.6%) and about a quarter (24.4%) of participants were married. Of the study population 16 (7%) participants had no formal education and 40% had a secondary school education. The prevalence of TCAM use in the 90 study participants was found to be 48.9% of which 16.7% were currently using TCAM and 32.2% had used TCAM in the past. However, this practice could not be correlated with any particular demographic variable. TCAM was most often used either to promote overall wellness or to treat a specific health condition. The TCAM modality that was mostly used was African traditional medicine and other herbals. The majority of TCAM users were satisfied with the effects of TCAM of whom 68.4% of participants found the products very helpful. Most of the respondents (79%) reported that they perceived the products to be very safe. However, the participants were split in their willingness to recommend TCAM to another person. In terms of knowledge, most participants would not use TCAM with other medicines. Yet the majority of participants also indicated that they have never discussed TCAM use with their health care professional. Most participants have been exposed to information on TCAM from family or friends (80.6%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TCAM use in Botswana is similar to findings in other parts of the world. These products were primarily used for overall wellness and to treat specific diseases, but this practice could not be attributed to any particular demographic profile. The majority of TCAM users were satisfied with the effects of TCAM. Findings support a need for greater integration of allopathic medicine and CAM, as well as improved communication between patients and caregivers regarding TCAM usage.

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Botelli, ângelo Augusto Kohnert. « O uso de plantas medicinais nas comunidades do entorno do Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana/SE : a (des/re) construção do saber tradicional ». Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4181.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation aims to study the villages of Bom Jardim and Mundês. The two villages are located in the vicinity of the National Park of Itabaiana / SE. The study was motivated by an interest in investigating the process of (de / re) construct of socio-cultural characteristics among young people about traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants for treating common sickness of everyday life. The main variable under investigation is the involvement of health workers in villages, through which western medicine can contribute to reducing child mortality and health care of residents of these villages, but at the same time, result in the loss of traditional knowledge in new generations in relation to knowledge of the uses of medicinal plants. The methodology provides for the identification of "guardians of nature" (Giddens) of these villages through the technique snowball . The network of informants will limit the principle of saturation point. The first step of the research was given towards the lifting of secondary data at the Secretaria Municipal de Itabaiana / SE, for the preparation of a guide to be developed from interviews with health workers. Based on literature (Ennes, 2008), it was found that most villagers in case of illness, looking for health clinics and hospitals and there are almost no villagers and those looking for more traditional forms of healing. This has been confronted by the field work has identified three guardians in Bom Jardim and ten guardians in Mundês, where all reported that they have people interested in your knowledge, are family members or young people in the villages.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar os povoados de Bom Jardim e Mundês. Os dois povoados localizam-se no entorno do Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana/SE. O estudo foi motivado pelo interesse de investigar o processo de (dês/re) caracterização sócio-cultural entre jovens dos saberes tradicionais em relação ao uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de mal estares corriqueiros do cotidiano. A principal variável em análise é a intervenção dos agentes de saúde nos povoados, que através da medicina ocidental podem contribuir para redução da mortalidade infantil e prevenção à saúde dos moradores desses povoados, mas, ao mesmo tempo, provocar a perda do saber tradicional nas novas gerações em relação ao conhecimento dos usos de plantas medicinais. A metodologia prevê a identificação de guardiães da natureza , (Giddens) destes povoados por meio da técnica snowball (bola de neve). A rede de informantes terá como limite o princípio do ponto de saturação. O primeiro passo da pesquisa foi dado no sentido do levantamento de dados secundários na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Itabaiana/SE, para a elaboração de um roteiro de entrevistas a ser desenvolvido com os agentes de saúde. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica (Ennes, 2008), verificou-se que a maioria dos moradores dos povoados, em caso de enfermidades, procura postos de saúde e hospitais e que quase não há mais quem procure benzedeiras e formas tradicionais de cura. Esse dado foi confrontado pelo trabalho de campo que identificou três guardiães em Bom Jardim e dez guardiães em Mundês, onde todos relataram que não possuem pessoas interessadas em seus conhecimentos, sejam familiares ou jovens dos povoados.

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Vargas, Emília Cristina de Aguiar. « Interface entre os saberes populares e científicos sobre plantas medicinais : perspectiva da autonomia do cuidado em saúde ». Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3199.

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Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial
O estudo enfoca o saber e o uso de plantas medicinais em um grupo de usuários de uma unidade de saúde, considerando a autonomia do cuidado na perspectiva da enfermagem assistencial. Objetivo: conhecer os saberes dos clientes quanto ao uso de plantas medicinais para lançar mão de uma tecnologia educacional, para autonomia do cuidado em saúde no uso de práticas populares. Método: realizada pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, em unidade pré-hospitalar do Município de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. O instrumento utilizado foi um formulário semiestruturado, aplicado a dez usuários da referida unidade e em paralelo foram realizadas três dinâmicas de grupo com a participação de oito pessoas. Resultados: foram construídas as seguintes categorias: Patrimônio cultural; A importância dada à terapia com plantas medicinais; e o Acesso às terapias com plantas medicinais nos serviços de saúde. A maioria dos entrevistados tem descendência étnica negra, indígena e branca o que reforça a herança genética cultural. Todos os entrevistados conhecem algum tipo de planta medicinal e já fazem uso; a maioria aprendeu sobre as plantas medicinais com familiares, principalmente com a mãe e a avó. As indicações mais frequentes são para alívio de transtornos digestivos, do sistema nervoso e do climatério. As mais citadas foram Erva-cidreira, Tanchagem, Arnica, Amoreira, Saião e Babosa. A maioria dos participantes valoriza esse conhecimento e essa forma de tratamento, considerando importante a inserção dela como uma opção de cuidado nos serviços de saúde pública, já que se trata de uma herança cultural; todos informaram nunca terem tido acesso a esse cuidado de saúde nas unidades públicas municipais. Conclusão: o uso de plantas medicinais é consequente de um conhecimento natural, passado através de gerações no núcleo familiar. O fato dessas práticas complementares já estarem inseridas no cotidiano faz desse conhecimento algo importante para o enfermeiro e demais profissionais de saúde, pois assim podem prestar uma assistência mais adequada às características e necessidades da clientela, gerando o enlace entre o conhecimento popular e o científico. Produto: formação de um grupo de estudos e práticas complementares com plantas medicinais voltados para autonomia do cuidado em saúde
The study focuses on the knowledge and use of medicinal plants in a group of users of a health unit, considering the autonomy of care from the perspective of nursing care. Objective: to know the clients' knowledge about the use of medicinal plants to use an educational technology, for autonomy of health care in the use of popular practices. Method: qualitative research of descriptive and exploratory character, in a pre-hospital unit of the Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. The instrument used was a semi-structured form, applied to ten users of this unit and in parallel three group dynamics were performed with the participation of eight people. Results: the following categories were built: Cultural heritage; The importance given to therapy with medicinal plants; And Access to medicinal plant therapies in health services. Most of the interviewees have black, indigenous and white ethnic backgrounds, which reinforces the cultural genetic heritage. All the interviewees know some kind of medicinal plant and they already use; Most of them learned about medicinal plants with relatives, especially with their mother and grandmother. The most frequent indications are for relief of digestive disorders, the nervous system and the climacteric. The most cited were Erva-cidreira, Tanchagem, Arnica, Amoreira, Saião and Babosa. Most of the participants value this knowledge and this form of treatment, considering it important to insert it as an option of care in the public health services, since it is a cultural heritage; all reported having never had access to such health care in municipal public facilities. Conclusion: the use of medicinal plants is the result of a natural knowledge, passed through generations in the family nucleus. The fact that these complementary practices are already part of daily life makes this knowledge important for nurses and other health professionals, since they can provide a more adequate assistance to the characteristics and needs of the clientele, generating the link between popular and scientific knowledge. Product: formation of a group of studies and complementary practices with medicinal plants focused on health care autonomy

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Booker, A. J. « The transformation of traditional Asian medical knowledge into international commodities : the link between traditional medicines and the international market ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1427881/.

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Aims and Objectives Medicinal plant value chains have been overlooked compared with food commodities. Revenue generation tends to be weighted towards the retail end of the chain and consequently the farm labourers, farmers and processors (primary producers) are the lowest beneficiaries. This project aims to investigate medicinal plant value chains and interpret the impact different value chains have on the livelihoods of primary producers in developing countries and for the first time analytically assess the quality implications for the manufacturers and end users in Europe. Methodological Approach Case studies were undertaken on three separate sites in India. Data was gathered on medicinal plant value chains by means of semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations. Samples were collected from locations in India, China, Europe and the USA and analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography. Results There were benefits for primary producers that belonged to a vertically integrated value chain and resulting products were subject to a higher standard of processing and storage. The analysis demonstrated that there was variation in the chemical composition of the samples tested and that products obtained from a vertically integrated value chain were more similar chemically to fresh turmeric rhizomes than other samples tested. Conclusions Using analytical methods, it was possible to correlate important variations in product composition for selected samples and identify strengths and weaknesses of some key value chains. Through establishing direct contracts with farmers in India, the vertically integrated value chain investigated was able to exert greater control over cultivation and manufacturing processes than found in other chains. Consequently the vertically integrated value chain is able to produce a higher quality product than generally found on the market. This results in a value addition that was passed back down the chain for the benefit of the primary producers.

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Nguyen, Phuong Hanh, Dam Cu Luu et Quoc Binh Nguyen. « A survey of traditional medicinal plants used by K’ho people in the buffer zone of Chu Yang Sin national park, Vietnam ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190810.

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This paper shows the results of asurvey on use of traditional medicinal plants of K’ho people who living in the buffer zone of Chu Yang Sin National Park, Central Highlands, Vietnam. Total of 66 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 genera, 40 families were recorded through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and from guides of field trips who are knowledgeable about medicinal plants. These medicinal plants used by K’ho people are documented with latin name, family, local name, parts used and medicinal uses. In generally, fresh medicinal plants are mainly boiled or decocted for drinking and leaves are parts most commonly used. The results of this study showed that K’ho people still depend heavily on medicinal plants to treat diseases such as headache, fever, malaria, diarrhea, fractures, sprains and arthritis
Bài báo này đề cập kết quả khảo sát cách sử dụng cây thuốc truyền thống của người K’ho sống ở vùng đệm Vườn quốc gia Chư Yang Sin, Việt Nam. Tổng số 66 loài cây thuốc thuộc 61 chi, 40 họ đã được ghi nhận thông qua quá trình phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc, thảo luận nhóm và từ những người dẫn đường đi thu mẫu có am hiểu về cây thuốc. Những cây thuốc truyền thống của dân tộc K’ho được tư liệu hóa gồm tên latin, tên phổ thông, bộ phận sử dụng và cộng dụng. Nhìn chung, dược liệu tươi được dùng đun hoặc sắc để uống là chủ yếu và lá là bộ phận được sử dụng phổ biến nhất. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cộng đồng K’ho vẫn phụ thuộc vào cây thuốc để chữa trị một số bệnh như đâu đầu, sốt, sốt rét, ỉa chảy, lị, gãy xương, bong gân và thấp khớp

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Chawatama, Brighton Itayi. « Knowledge-based integration of Zimbabwean traditional medicines into the National Healthcare System : A case study of prostate cancer ». University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7009.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
This study sought to identify the bottlenecks in the promotion of Zimbabwean Traditional Medicines (ZTMs) towards improving the national healthcare delivery system. The indigenous medicines lost value and recognition to the Conventional Western Medicines introduced by the British colonialist since 1871 and is still dominating the national healthcare delivery system. There are growing challenges to ensure accessibility of affordable drugs especially for primary healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) is in support of re-engaging indigenous medical interventions to achieve the Millennium development goals. Indigenous Traditional Medicine Knowledge-Based Systems (ITMKS) form the basis of the main source of health care for about 80% of the population in the developing countries. The implementation of the Zimbabwe Traditional Medicines Policy (ZTMP) has been at a stand-still since inception in 2007. The research used mixed methods involving qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through desk and field research. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to record perceptions and attitudes of key informants. The stakeholders included Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs), Medical Doctors, Pharmacists, Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ) staff, Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Traditional Medical Practitioner’s Council (TMPC), Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (Zinatha), Ministry of Health and Childcare, WHO, Higher Education Institutions (UZ School of Pharmacy staff and students), Christian Groups, NGOs and Prostate Cancer Patients in Harare CBD. The stakeholders sampling framework was obtained from the list of registered practitioners. The stakeholder mapping involved selection of 5 key informants from each focus group obtained through random selection. The Snowball sampling technique was used to follow the closest 5 key informants in each focus group. The key findings established that 80% of respondents agreed to the integration of ZTM. The major bottlenecks were lack of modern dosage forms and standardization to determine quality, safety and efficacy of the ZTM. The study suggests that in order to fast track the integration process, a bottom up implementation strategy providing ZTM advocacy, capacity building in the institutionalization and training of ZTMPs, pharmacists and CMP need to be engaged for a favorable and quick buy-in. The study also recommends further analysis of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) areas of specialization in pharmaceutical practice in order to improve treatment outcomes.

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Daya, Yusuf. « Intellectual property rights and the protection of traditional knowledge in Western Cape agriculture ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49992.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the extent to which the current intellectual property system is suited to the protection of traditional knowledge in the Western Cape. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates economic and legal theory as well as legal philosophy, this study argues that although advances in the fields of biotechnology has brought with it the need for greater intellectual property rights protection, the protection of traditional knowledge has largely been ignored. Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge holds immense economic value for both commercial entities seeking to develop products based on traditional knowledge as well as for the communities that possess such knowledge. Protecting traditional knowledge is necessary to ensure that the communities contributing their knowledge are recognized and compensated for such contributions. In order for a system to provide adequate protection for traditional knowledge it has to be consistent with and suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. This study therefore evaluates the prevailing system of knowledge protection as embodied in the intellectual property rights regime as a means of protecting traditional knowledge. The analysis reveals that the dominant justification for the existence ofIPRs is based on utilitarian considerations that promote IPRs as a necessary incentive encouraging innovative activity. This utilitarian justification also provides the basis for an economic justification for the existence of IPRs that suggests that the conferring of exclusive rights (in the form of IPRs) to innovators ensure that such innovators are able to recover their research costs and realize profits from their inventions. The IPR system as it exists is underpinned by these considerations and embedded in principles of individualism and private property. The WTO reinforces and promotes this approach to intellectual property in the TRIPs agreement by recognizing intellectual property as a 'trade related' issue. The inclusion of IPRs as a 'trade related' issue in the multilateral framework of the WTO reflects the interests of multinational corporations and developed nations who rely extensively on these mechanisms to maintain their power and wealth in an increasingly knowledge driven global economy. The exclusion of traditional knowledge within the TRIPs, coupled with the desire to extend patents to cover life forms is also indicative of this bias inherent in the system. South African intellectual property legislation is then applied to the traditional knowledge of an indigenous medicinal plant to test whether IPRs are able to provide adequate protection to traditional knowledge. In this regard it is found that patent protection, which could potentially provide the greatest form of protection for traditional knowledge is. not suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. Problems of identifying owners, determining inventors and novelty, time limited rights and costs all limits the potential of patents as a tool for protecting traditional knowledge. Similar constraints limit the potential of other categories of IPRs to provide protection for traditional knowledge. However, it was found that IPRs do provide a certain measure of defensive protection. The study therefore concludes that the IPR system as it exists, both in the international trade environment as well as at the national level, fails to adequately address the threat of appropriation and the concerns of traditional knowledge holders. Amending the IPR system and/or developing sui generis systems of protection are therefore necessary to ensure that the knowledge of communities are protected and such communities are able to benefit from the exploitation oftheir knowledge and resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel in hoe 'n mate die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom geskik is vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis in die Wes-Kaap. 'n Multidissiplinêre benadering, wat uit elemente van ekonomiese- en regsteorie sowel as regsfilosofie haal, is gevolg om te wys dat die beskerming van tradisionele kennis grootliks geïgnoreer is, alhoewel nuwe deurbrake in biotegnologie die behoefte skep vir groter bekerming van intellektuele eiendom. Tradisionele etnobotaniese kennis het geweldige ekonomiese waarde vir beide die kommersiële entiteite wat produkte uit sodanige kennis wil produseer sowel as vir tradisionele gemeenskappe aan wie die kennis behoort. Dus, indien sulke gemeenskappe voordeel wil trek uit hierdie kennis, is dit nodig dat hul bydraes erken moet word, en dat hulle daarvoor vergoed moet word. Sulke beskerming sal net doeltreffend wees indien dit aangepas is by die behoeftes van hierdie gemeenskappe. Dus word die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis geevalueer in hierdie studie. Die ondersoek wys dat die sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom berus op die teoretiese basis van nutsmaksimering, waar die hoofdoel te vinde is in die bydrae wat dit kan maak tot ekonomiese welvaart deur middel van innovasie. In hierdie opsig word beskerming van intellektuele eiendom beskou as 'n manier waardeur die innoveerder sy navorsings- en ontwikkelingskostes kan delg en wins kan maak. Hierdie benadering word onderskryf deur die WTO in die TRIPS Ooreenkoms. In hierdie opsig word die belange van veral die ryk lande en die multinasionale maatskappye bevorder, 'n sleutelvoordeel in 'n wêreld waar kennis gepaardgaan met mag in die mark. Hierdie verskynsel word versterk deur die uitsluiting van tradisionele kennis van die TRIPS Ooreenkoms en die behoefte daaraan om patentregte uit te brei. Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing oor intellektuele eiendom word vervolgens toegepas op die geval van tradisionele kennis oor 'n inheemse medisinale plant om te toets of intellektuele eiendomsreg genoegsame beskerming aan tradisionele kennis bied. Daar is gevind dat patentregte, wat potensieël die grootste mate van beskerming sou kon bied, nie gepas is in die geval van houers van tradisionele kennis nie. Probleme wat voorkom sluit in die identifisering van eienaars, innoveerders en innoverings, die tydsbeperking op regte, asook kosteoorwegings. Ander vorms van beskerming is aan soortgelyke kritiek onderhewig, alhoewel bevind is dat intellektuele eiendomsreg wel 'n mate van defensiewe beskerming bied. Die gevolgtrekking word dus gemaak dat die huidige vorms van beskerming vir intellektuele eiendomsreg, beide internasionaal sowel as in Suid-Afrika, nie die belange van die houers van tradisionele kennis beskerm nie. Dit is dus nodig om die huidige vorms aan te spreek, of om sui generis beskerming te ontwikkel om hiervoor te sorg.

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Roumet, Rachel. « Le droit international de la propriété intellectuelle à l'épreuve du biopiratage : l'exemple de l'exploitation des vertus thérapeutiques des plantes ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND005.

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Au cours des dernières décennies, un certain nombre de brevets déposés sur des médicaments à base de plantes se sont vus dénoncés comme des cas de « biopiratage ». Ils sont en effet accusés de constituer une appropriation indue des connaissances de peuples autochtones sur les vertus thérapeutiques de plantes. Il est vrai qu'en droit positif, les produits phytopharmaceutiques peuvent répondre aux conditions légales de la brevetabilité, quand les savoirs médicinaux ne font l'objet d'aucun mécanisme de réservation. En réaction à ces pratiques prolifèrent donc des initiatives visant à définir les instruments juridiques qui permettraient de faire bénéficier les peuples autochtones des fruits de l'exploitation de leurs connaissances. Le droit international s'est ainsi récemment enrichi d'accords visant à la protection des savoirs traditionnels, parmi lesquels la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique de 1992, prolongée par le Protocole de Nagoya en octobre 2010. Les principes posés doivent cependant être traduits en des règles concrètes pour être mis en œuvre. C'est pourquoi, à différents niveaux, les acteurs proposent voire développent leurs propres instruments pour tenter d'apporter une réponse au problème du biopiratage, à la fois dans et en dehors du système de protection de la propriété intellectuelle. Ce sont les modalités d'introduction de ces différents mécanismes en droit positif qu'il s'agit ici d'étudier. Pour ce faire, l'analyse économique du droit est convoquée pour évaluer les tenants et les aboutissants de réformes qui, pour se trouver à la frontière entre les droits de la propriété intellectuelle, de l'environnement, du développement et du commerce international, soulèvent des questions juridiques imprégnées de considérations éthiques, politiques et économiques
Over the past decades, several patents granted for plant-based medicine have been denounced as “biopiracy” based on the assertion that they misappropriated indigenous people's knowledge over plants' therapeutic properties. Indeed, in the current state of law, while the pharmaceuticals may be the subject of patent law, medicinal knowledge is not the subject of any proprietary regime. Therefore, many initiatives have been suggested that aim at defining the appropriate legal instruments to ensure that a sharing of the benefits is imposed on pharmaceutical companies when utilising medicinal knowledge. The principle that the traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants requires legal protection has already found expression in a number of political outputs, including such major international agreements as the “Convention on Biological Diversity” signed in 1992. This has been further developed with the Nagoya Protocol adopted in October 2010. However, the principles in these conventions still need to be translated into a concrete legal framework to be fully enforceable. This is why it is equally important to study legal practice to see how various actors can explore ways of dealing with the biopiracy issue, both within and outside the existing intellectual property system. This study assesses the legal accuracy of these posited options at the intersection of intellectual property, environmental, development and international trade laws. It uses an economic analysis of law to evaluate the background and the outcomes of reforms that raise not only legal, but also economic, political, and ethical burning issues

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Jacobs, Cislé Stella. « Patents of traditional medicine inventions and their relationship with traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources in Namibia : proposals for legal reform ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25000.

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The study recognises the significant biotechnical role of the pharmaceutical industry in developing and processing traditional medicine into safe and efficacious drugs and vaccines and how patent law assist this achieving this end. The study argues that patenting of traditional medicine inventions is possible without encroaching on the protection accorded to TK associated with GRs. It further argues that through the implementation of a disclosure requirement for all patent applications of inventions which are based on or derived from TK associated with GRs, misappropriation of TK and GRs can be prevented in Namibia. To this end, the study identifies key concepts and legal instruments both internationally and regionally i.e. the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1993, the TRIPS Agreement, 1994 and the Swakopmund Protocol on the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Folklore, 2010; which provides for TK, GRs and patent laws. The study further analysed how Namibia translated international obligations to its legal framework. A comparative analysis is produced between Namibia and South Africa to determine which system is most suitable for Namibia.

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Iancu, Magdalena. « Local Use of Traditional and Modern Medicine : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9453.

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This study aims to identify traditional medicines which people use in Babati District, Tanzania and to find out which direction the local use and knowledge of traditional medicine is taking in comparison with modern medicine (MM). It is a case study based both on primary and secondary sources. The primary information was gathered with the help of semi-structured interviews and shorter enquiries with people of all categories that use herbal remedies or visit bone fixers and with women that are supported by traditional midwifes. For simple health problems people use TM, for more complicated cases, they go to the hospital. A difference between Babati urban and rural inhabitants was noticed in the usage of traditional and modern medicine, but not between poor and rich people, opinions being slightly different. The Tanzanian government does not encourage the implementation of the TM in the modern medical system and as long as the young generation is not interested to learn the secrets of their parents‟ vocation, this knowledge is threatened by being forgotten. All the herbs used in TM will most likely find their way into the modern pharmacy; however because of the lack of documentation and statistics, it can take up to one hundred years. For this purpose, the gap between TM and MM has to narrow through a better collaboration between all the involved parts.

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Nguyen, Phuong Hanh, Dam Cu Luu et Quoc Binh Nguyen. « A survey of traditional medicinal plants used by K’ho people in the buffer zone of Chu Yang Sin national park, Vietnam : Research article ». Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29111.

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This paper shows the results of asurvey on use of traditional medicinal plants of K’ho people who living in the buffer zone of Chu Yang Sin National Park, Central Highlands, Vietnam. Total of 66 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 genera, 40 families were recorded through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and from guides of field trips who are knowledgeable about medicinal plants. These medicinal plants used by K’ho people are documented with latin name, family, local name, parts used and medicinal uses. In generally, fresh medicinal plants are mainly boiled or decocted for drinking and leaves are parts most commonly used. The results of this study showed that K’ho people still depend heavily on medicinal plants to treat diseases such as headache, fever, malaria, diarrhea, fractures, sprains and arthritis.
Bài báo này đề cập kết quả khảo sát cách sử dụng cây thuốc truyền thống của người K’ho sống ở vùng đệm Vườn quốc gia Chư Yang Sin, Việt Nam. Tổng số 66 loài cây thuốc thuộc 61 chi, 40 họ đã được ghi nhận thông qua quá trình phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc, thảo luận nhóm và từ những người dẫn đường đi thu mẫu có am hiểu về cây thuốc. Những cây thuốc truyền thống của dân tộc K’ho được tư liệu hóa gồm tên latin, tên phổ thông, bộ phận sử dụng và cộng dụng. Nhìn chung, dược liệu tươi được dùng đun hoặc sắc để uống là chủ yếu và lá là bộ phận được sử dụng phổ biến nhất. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cộng đồng K’ho vẫn phụ thuộc vào cây thuốc để chữa trị một số bệnh như đâu đầu, sốt, sốt rét, ỉa chảy, lị, gãy xương, bong gân và thấp khớp.

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de, Boer Hugo J. « Snake Gourds, Parasites and Mother Roasting : Medicinal plants, plant repellents, and Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) in Lao PDR ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168536.

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Background. Traditional plant use was studied in Lao PDR. Research focused on medicinal plant use by the Brou, Saek and Kry ethnic groups, traditional plant repellents against parasitic arthropods and leeches, and the phylogeny and biogeography of the medicinally-important snake gourd genus (Trichosanthes, Cucurbitaceae). Methods. The ethnobiology research used a combination of structured interviews, village surveys, botanical collecting, hydro-distillation, GC-MS analysis, literature studies, and laboratory experiments. The plant systematics research used a combination of morphological studies, molecular biology laboratory work, and phylogenetic, dating and biogeographical analysis. Results. Informants reported the use of close to 100 species to repel arthropods and leeches, many of which have constituents with documented efficacy. Brou, Saek and Kry informants use over 75 plant species for women’s healthcare, mainly during the postpartum period for steam sauna, steam bath, hotbed, mother roasting, medicinal decoctions and infusions, and postpartum diet. A molecular phylogeny of Trichosanthes and Gymnopetalum using a broad sampling of ~60% of their species and 4756 nucleotides of nuclear and plastid DNA shows that Gymnopetalum is nested within Trichosanthes. Fossil-calibrated Bayesian molecular dating of the Trichosanthes phylogeny reveals an early Oligocene origin of the genus, and many of the extant sections originating and diversifying during the Miocene. Biogeographical analysis shows a likely East or South Asian origin of Trichosanthes, with lineages diversifying and spreading throughout Australasia from the early Pliocene to the Pleistocene. Discussion. Traditional plant use in Lao PDR is common and widespread. The presence among the repellent species of economical alternatives to costly synthetic repellents is tenable, and the subject of ongoing studies. Postpartum traditions and medicinal plant use are essential parts of childbirth and postpartum recovery in these ethnic groups, and many other groups in Lao PDR. Efforts to improve maternal healthcare and reduce maternal and infant mortality need to integrate these traditions with modern notions of healthcare to achieve wider adoption. Documenting all possible uses of commonly used medicinal plant species shows that similarity in use between these ethnic groups is relatively low considering that they share, and have shared for many generations, the same environment and resources. A lack of effective cures leads to a process of continuous innovation, where effective cures are shared between cultures, but remedies of only cultural importance, or those under evaluation are culture-specific. The Trichosanthes phylogeny implies the merging of Gymnopetalum into Trichosanthes, and this is done using available names or new combinations. A synopsis of Trichosanthes, the new combinations, and a revision of the species in Australia, are made and presented. Conclusions. Traditional plant use is widespread in Lao PDR, and of significance to many people as a source of primary healthcare and inexpensive repellents. The important medicinal plant genus Trichosanthes includes Gymnopetalum, and has a complex biogeographic history with multiple colonization events of Australasia.

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Silva, Alzira Nogueira da. « Pegando vida nas mÃos : um olhar etnogrÃfico sobre saberes e prÃticas das parteiras tradicionais nos circuitos do AmapÃ em mudanÃas ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10803.

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Programa Internacional de Becas da FundaÃÃo Ford
FundaÃÃo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Pegando Vida nas MÃos: um olhar etnogrÃfico sobre saberes e prÃticas das parteiras tradicionais nos circuitos do AmapÃ em mudanÃas Ã fruto do percurso de investigaÃÃo, trilhado no sentido de descortinar um universo de significados dos saberes e das prÃticas das parteiras tradicionais de MazagÃo/AmapÃ. Esta investigaÃÃo situa-se no Ãmbito das ciÃncias sociais, configurando um estudo etnogrÃfico, numa Ãrea de fronteira entre a Sociologia e a Antropologia. De fato, busquei construir um olhar sociolÃgico sobre a teia de relaÃÃes que circunscrevem o ofÃcio das parteiras tradicionais, valendo-me do instrumental metodolÃgico da etnografia. Nesta aventura etnogrÃfica, tomei como pressuposto fundante, a tese de que o trabalho de partejar implica um processo de interaÃÃes âparteira-parturienteâ que envolve cumplicidade, solidariedade feminina, disputa de poder, respeito e lideranÃa, conferindo a esta relaÃÃo uma complexidade de sentidos na da partilha de vida e de cultura. Minha anÃlise situa os saberes e prÃticas das parteiras tradicionais de MazagÃo no interior das formas peculiares de sociabilidade nas comunidades tradicionais amazÃnicas, apreendendo as mÃltiplas convergÃncias gestadas nos saberes e fazeres das mulheres desta regiÃo. Nesta investigaÃÃo, busquei desvendar as redes de significados que envolvem a prÃtica tradicional das parteiras de MazagÃo no contexto da dinÃmica contraditÃria de (re)significaÃÃes de seus saberes/fazeres, compreendendo que em contextos polÃticos especÃficos, essas prÃticas e as redes que as articulam experimentam mudanÃas e adequaÃÃes em funÃÃo de programas de intervenÃÃo do Estado que, algumas vezes, tÃm carÃter pontual e temporÃrio, causando impacto nas redes informais.
Hand Delivering: An Ethnographic Outlook on Changing Knowledge and Practices of Traditional Midwives (âPegando Vida nas MÃosâ: um olhar etnogrÃfico sobre saberes e prÃticas das parteiras tradicionais nos circuitos do AmapÃ em mudanÃas) is the upshot of an investigative trail followed in the pursuit of unveiling the world of knowledge and practices of traditional midwives from Mazagao/Amapa. The investigation is set within the realm of the Social Sciences shaping up an ethnographic study that encompasses a frontier area between Sociology and Anthropology. Indeed, I tried to develop a sociological approach about a web of relations that define the profession of traditional midwives resorting to a methodological tool from ethnography. To set out on this ethnographic adventure I took as a basic assumption the thesis that the job of helping delivery implies an interaction process of âmidwife and parturientâ that includes partnership, female solidarity, power struggle, respect and leadership that add to this relation a complex web of feelings for the sharing of life and culture. My analysis posts knowledge and practices, as seen by the performance of traditional midwives from Mazagao, within peculiar sociability forms in traditional communities in the Amazon basin in order to grasp the meaning of multiple converging elements produced by knowledge and practices of women from the region. In this investigation I tried to unveil the web of meanings that involves the traditional practice of midwives from Mazagao within conflicting dynamics of meanings found in their knowledge/practices considering that within a given political context those practices and the web that they form go through changes and adjustments according to intervention programs of the State that sometimes have punctual and temporary aspects that impact the informal webs.

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Zhuang, Chuanjuan. « Protection juridique du savoir-faire traditionnel en médecine : comparaison entre le droit français et le droit chinois ». Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10058/document.

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De par le monde, même dans ses territoires les plus reculés, et depuis des siècles parfois, des hommes et des femmes partagent et cultivent des ressources biologiques et des savoirs qu’ils utilisent pour pratiquer la médecine. Afin de pouvoir se développer, être valorisés ou simplement subsister, ces savoir-faire traditionnels en médecine ont besoin d’être protégés, notamment contre la biopiraterie et les brevets prédateurs. Dans cet objectif, afin de comprendre et d’expliciter le champ des possibilités, la présente étude envisage la protection de ces savoirs traditionnels sous divers angles juridiques qui dépassent généreusement les frontières nationales. À cette fin, elle entreprend de caractériser ce qu’est un savoir-faire traditionnel en médecine et d’en établir un portrait historique et législatif. Elle explore ensuite les possibilités protectrices et les écueils du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, mais aussi de nombreuses ouvertures juridiques existantes. Parmi celles-ci sont présentés des législations sui generis et les principaux accords internationaux, au rang desquels émergent la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et le Protocole de Nagoya, déclinés par quelques nations dans leur législation, de façon hétérogène. Pour parvenir à ses conclusions, cette recherche s’est appuyée sur un fil conducteur tendu entre deux pays emblématiques, la France et la Chine
Throughout the world and even in remote territories, and for centuries, men and women grow and share biological resources as well as knowledge which they use to practice medicine. This traditional know-how in medicine need to be protected, in particular against biopiracy and predatory patents in order to be able to develop, be valued or merely exist. To that end, in order to understand and clarify the field of possibilities, this study considers the protection of this traditional knowledge from various legal perspectives which go beyond national borders. This study first undertakes to define what a traditional know-how in medicine is and to establish a historic and legal overview. Then, it explores the protective possibilities and the pitfalls of intellectual property laws as well as the numerous existing legal openings. Among these are presented sui generis legislations and major international agreements, to the rank of which emerge the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) and the Nagoya Protocol, described in a heterogeneous way by several nations into their legislation. In order to achieve these conclusions, this research relied on a main thread stretched out between two iconic countries, France and China

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O'Meara, Nathaniel, et Richard W. Stoffle. « Mrs. Bodie and Island Life : A Short Story of Fishing, Farming and Bush Medicine in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas- As told by Ester Mae Bodie ». Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292602.

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This document is an oral history of Ester Mae Bodie, one of the Exumas’ renowned plant experts. During the Bahamas Marine Protected Area Study, members of Richard Stoffle’s research team spent numerous hours interviewing Mrs. Bodie a range of topics including ethnobotany, traditional marine use, the proposed MPAs, and her life growing up in the Exumas. In order to honor her contributions to the overall project, members of the Stoffle team constructed this document to share her story.

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Saldana, Perez Joel Angel, et Perez Joel Angel Saldana. « Remedios de mi tierra : An Oral History Project on the Changes and Continuity of the Traditional Healing Knowledge and Practices of a Mexican Immigrant Mother from Guanajuato, Mexico ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625695.

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This thesis looks at the impact of migration and place on the traditional healing knowledge and practices of a Mexican immigrant mother from Guanajuato, Mexico: Sofia Perez. Through the use of oral history methodology and the application of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom (TEKW) model and the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to analyze the narratives, this study looks at the origin of Sofia's healing knowledge and practices and at how she has managed to keep these traditions alive despite migrating to the United States and living in a society that may not believe in the efficacy of these healing traditions. The application of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom (TEKW) model provided insight into the healing traditions of Sofia's home community and the ways in which these were learned, practiced, and preserved and proved useful in looking at how this was done by Sofia before and after migrating. Next, the Social Ecological Model (SEM) proved useful in looking at how place and its various social, cultural, and ecological aspects have influenced Sofia's use of traditional medicine since she migrated. Overall, Sofia's knowledge and practices have been impacted by migration and place; however, she continues to practice these traditions as best as she can.

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Zhou, Lihong. « Identifying barriers to sharing patient knowledge between healthcare professionals from traditional and western medicines in Chinese hospitals ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14565/.

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The Chinese healthcare system incorporates two entirely different medical philosophies, namely, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM). In the 1950s and by the request of the central government, the two medical professional communities have been both required and encouraged to collaborate with each other. In order to ensure successful implementation of the patient-centred healthcare policy also imposed by the central government, these two very different healthcare professional groups are required to communicate and share knowledge about individual patients. This tacit knowledge sharing (KS) aims at protecting the needs, interests and benefits of patients, as well as guaranteeing that the patient is at the centre of the collaborative processes. However, the two medical communities do not coexist harmoniously and do not readily communicate and share knowledge with each other. There are barriers hindering the processes of KS between TCM and WM healthcare professionals. This thesis reports a PhD research study, which aims to identify barriers to the sharing of patient knowledge between the two types of health care professionals in the context of Chinese hospitals. The study adopted a Grounded Theory approach as the overarching methodology to guide the analysis of the data collected in a single case-study design. A public hospital in central China was selected as the case-study site, at which 49 informants were interviewed by using semi-structured and evolving interview scripts. The research findings point to five categories of KS barriers: contextual influences, hospital management, philosophical divergence, Chinese healthcare education and interprofessional training. Further conceptualising the research findings, it was identified that KS is mostly prevented by philosophical and professional tensions between the two medical communities. Therefore, to improve KS and reduce the effects of the identified barriers, efforts should be made targeted at resolving both types of tensions. The conclusion advocates the establishment of national policies and hospital management strategies aimed at maintaining equality of the two medical communities and putting in place an interprofessional common ground to encourage and facilitate communication and KS. This project contributes to the general fields of knowledge management and knowledge sharing. Specifically, the study contributes to the knowledge sharing in Chinese healthcare organisations, that is, to the fields of healthcare information and knowledge management research in China.

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Lai, Robert. « Systems of innovation : case study on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) organisations' knowledge & ; capability developments through collaborations ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/systems-of-innovation-case-study-on-traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm-organisations-knowledge--capability-developments-through-collaborations(4ff71e38-6b08-4402-809d-e50d36f34ad9).html.

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Chinese medicine is one of China's key national assets, an indigenous medical knowledge and practices that serves Chinese for thousands of years. As very little research has been focused on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from systems of innovation perspective, the topic of study was chosen. This qualitative case study research introduces, defines and explores how TCM organisations collaborate to innovate from an evolutionary, interactive system perspective. In particular, the focus is on the development of knowledge and capabilities related to TCM drug research and production. Thirty one TCM organisation cases were analysed and presented in this study, interpreting their behaviour in terms of ideas drawn mainly from the literatures on systems of innovation, collaboration between organisations and resource (knowledge) based theory of the firm. Actors such as government play various roles in facilitating organisational and sectoral innovation processes. 'Various policy instruments', in particular research funding and institutions (e.g., standards and regulations) were used to enhance innovation and production. Various forms of collaborative networks were found among key actors: enterprises, universities, research organisations and end users. They contribute to the active innovation processes of 'Identification, Selection, Integration and Creation' of tangible and intangible outcomes and changes. Based on the research, new insights were derived as to how indigenous resources (defined as original and/or traditional knowledge and capabilities) may lead to indigenous innovation. This thesis contributes to the academic understanding of systems of innovation operating in the context of indigenous product and related process developments with reference to various actors interplaying in complex networks (systems) of collaborations. New understandings made on the processes of indigenous innovation (using TCM as a case) through investigating the actors' roles, inter-relations and their restless attempts to identify opportunities and problems, select and integrate different indigenous, scientific, technological and managerial knowledge, capabilities, resources and institutions, to create value that may 'fit' in evolutionary terms, the demand of the key actors in the sector.

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ALENCAR, Nélson Leal. « Farmacopéias tradicionais : o papel das plantas medicinais na sua constituição, formação e manutenção em comunidades da Caatinga ». Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4907.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Traditional pharmacopoeias are "social institutions" essential for the maintenance of traditional societies. Its construction and maintenance suffer multifactorial influences ranging from cultural aspects as cultural construction of society, dominant religion and even social structure include environmental factors such as surrounding vegetation, climate and seasonal availability of resources. Throughout history, many medical systems were developed by these societies, and these influenced the formation of these pharmacopoeias directing criteria that would be most valuable in the selection of plants. With intercultural contact, many societies started to incorporate exotic plants for the maintenance of pharmacopoeias. Therefore, there were many interpretations of the massive presence of these. The importance of exotic plants with medicinal purpose has been historically neglected by simplistic interpretations of the causes of their introduction in traditional pharmacopoeias, since there are few papers that bothered to point them in the etnofloristic lists just ignored them in analysis. Often, the presence of exotic plants in traditional pharmacopoeias is seen as a simple phenomenon of acculturation, or even as an erosion of knowledge. However, it is necessary to understand what events that drive the introduction and even deletion of a medicinal plant by a particular culture. We know that exotic plants have an important contribution in pharmacopoeia of traditional societies around the world. Probably, these plants are the most abundant element. Objective of this study is to review the different interpretations on aspects related to construction of pharmacopoeias and the presence of exotic plants.
Farmacopéias tradicionais são ―instituições sociais‖ imprescindíveis para a manutenção das sociedades tradicionais. Sua construção e manutenção sofrem influências multifatoriais que variam desde aspectos culturais como construção cultural da sociedade, religião predominante e até estrutura social, além de fatores ambientais como vegetação circundante, sazonalidade climática e disponibilidade de recursos. Durante a história, muitos sistemas médicos foram desenvolvidos por estas sociedades, e estes influenciaram a formação destas farmacopéias direcionando quais critérios seriam mais valiosos na seleção das plantas. Com o contato intercultural, muitas sociedades passaram a incorporar elementos exóticos, estas plantas exóticas, permitiram reformulações em sua composição de espécies para que houvesse uma manutenção das farmacopéias. Com isso, muitas foram as interpretações para a presença maciça destas. A importância de plantas exóticas com uso medicinal tem sido historicamente negligenciada por meio de interpretações simplistas sobre as causas de sua introdução em farmacopéias tradicionais, visto que, poucos são os trabalhos que se preocuparam em apontá-las nas listas etnoflorísticas, apenas desprezado-as nas análises. Muitas vezes, a presença de plantas exóticas em farmacopéias tradicionais é vista como um simples fenômeno de aculturação ou até mesmo como uma erosão de conhecimento.Entretanto, faz-se necessário compreender quais são os eventos da introdução e até mesmo da deleção de plantas medicinais por uma determinada cultura. Sabemos que as plantas exóticas têm uma importante contribuição em farmacopéias de sociedades tradicionais de todo o mundo, sendo talvez o elemento mais abundante. São interesses deste trabalho revisar as diferentes interpretações sobre os aspectos inerentes a construção e preservação de farmacopéias e a presença de plantas exóticas nelas.

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Mogawane, Mamagoro Anna. « Indigenous practices of pregnant women at the Dilokong Hospital of the Greater Tubatse Municipality in the Limpopo Province ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1418.

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Thesis (M.CUR.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014
Indigenous practices (IPs) are experiences generated by people who are living in a specific region context and a specific cultured group. IPs are shaped by cultural traits that are passed from one generation to the next. The practices are rooted and embedded in such a society and, therefore, the practices become part of the people’s lifestyle. It is difficult to try and change these practices, since people have adhered to them throughout their entire lives. The believe system plays a major role in health care seeking behaviour of individuals because they are informed by the IPs that are observed in their environment (Shaik & Hatcher, 2005). IPs are stored in people’s memories and are expressed in songs, dances, beliefs, rituals, cultural values, myths, and healing of diseases by using herbs. During pregnancy, IPs are still applied worldwide. Ayaz and Efe (2008) indicate that it occurs mostly in Turkey and Africa where women’s reassurance is depending on the local context and meaning of pregnancy. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To determine indigenous practices of pregnant women at the Dilokong Hospital in the Greater Tubatse Municipality of the Limpopo Province.This was achieved by the exploring and describing the indigenous practices of pregnant women in the antenatal (ANC) clinic of the maternity ward at the Dilokong Hospital.. DESIGN AND METHOD A qualitative, descriptive, explorative and contextual research design was used for the participants to describe the indigenous practices by pregnant women. Data was collected by means of unstructured one-on-one interviews in maternity unit of the ANC clinic at the Dilokong Hospital of the Greater Tubatse Municipality. Ethical considerations as described by Denosa (2000) were adhered to in order to ensure the v quality of the study. The criteria for trustworthiness were observed as stipulated in Babbie and Mouton (2009).Fifteen pregnant women were interviewed. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Four themes with sub-themes emerged from the data analysis by using Tech’ṡ open coding approach (Creswell 2006, Botma, Greef, Mulaudzi & Wright, 2010). Four themes were emerged namely; indigenous practices based on ancestral knowledge; indigenous practices based on spiritual diviners versus church principles; restricted practices versus instructions followed during pregnancy and labour and indigenous practices during labour and delivery. It is recommended that a national IP strategy needs to be developed to provide a framework and platform to support and promote grass roots IPs into mainstream development in the health care system in relation to midwifery practice. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that IPs were regarded as an honourable health intervention by THPs, families, and pregnant women. They showed trust in methods used to preserve pregnancy, labour, and delivery, although, the indigenous practices by pregnant women still continue. Indigenous practices such as cords around their waists, are still observed during physical examinations. However, there is a reduction of prescribed potions mixed with cool drinks for use to accelerate labour and to prevent negative consequences because the potential toxicity has been explained during the provision of health education. These findings call for health care professionals to emphasise training and workshops for the THPs church diviners that are the fundamental principle of effective implementation of IPs to enhance improvement in the prevention of complications during pregnancy, labour and delivery. KEYWORDS Pregnant women Indigenous practice Indigenous knowledge Antenatal care

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Rodrigues, Debora Cristina Bandeira. « Estudo para identificação de mecanismos de proteção aos conhecimentos das populações tradicionais : estudo de caso das comunidades Ebenézer e Mucajá em Maués/AM ». Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2009. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3127.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
A questão da propriedade intelectual dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao manejo dos recursos naturais vem sendo debatida, sobretudo a partir dos avanços das pesquisas nas áreas biotecnológicas. O acelerado processo de desenvolvimento da Ciência e Tecnologia na contemporaneidade proporcionou avanço de descobertas de biomateriais; um fator relevante nesse processo é a percepção da existência de uma relação direta entre biotecnologia, biodiversidade e conhecimentos tradicionais. Mediante este debate, emerge a necessidade de criação de mecanismos de proteção aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados. O estudo teve como objetivo principal: identificar os conhecimentos tradicionais adotados no manejo de plantas medicinais nas comunidades ribeirinhas de Mucajá e Ebenézer em Maués/AM, a fim de subsidiar no processo de discussão e proposição de mecanismos de proteção aos conhecimentos tradicionais. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram pautados na modalidade da pesquisa-ação, que possibilitou o estabelecimento de interlocução entre o saber técnico-científico e o popular-tradiconal, com efetiva participação dos comuitários no estudo. A pesqisa possibilitou conhecer as condições de vida nas comunidades investigadas em suas dimensões sócio-cultural, de manejo de plantas medicinais e de organização comunitária para uso dos recursos locais, possibilitando a elaboração de um mapeamento da realidade das comunidades ribeirinhas. O estudo abrangeu duas comunidades ribeirinhas Mucajá e Ebenézer, contou com a participação de 42 informantes.Dentre as técnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizados formulários, entrevista semiestruturadas e técnicas de abordagem grupal. O resultado do estudo possibilitou a percepção da perspectiva histórica de construção dos saberes que regem e orientam as práticas sócio-culturais dos ribeirinhos no manejo das plantas medicinais, ressaltando que nem os conhecimentos, práticas e nem os recursos são estáticos, mas encontram-se em constante processo de construção e mudanças. Os ribeirinhos destas comunidades denotam, em suas práticas, uma profunda adaptação ao meio ambiente, com administração dos recursos naturais a partir dos conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais. A gestão dos recursos naturais orienta-se por idealizações e valores marcados por representações simbólicas. Através das práticas singulares de organização sócio-cultural no manejo de plantas medicinais, estes ribeirinhos têm construído e estabelecido mecanismos de proteção dos conhecimentos tradicionais apropriados e adaptados à realidade local, com base no seu modus vivendi. Este modo tem assegurado a existência e permanência dos conhecimentos e práticas por várias gerações, sendo que a base desse sistema de proteção tradicional encontrase pautado na tradição oral, sob o estabelecimento das formas de aprendizado e difusão de saberes; cultivo e uso das plantas medicinais; sistema de trocas de saberes (intercâmbio) e recursos naturais. A formulação de mecanismos de proteção aos conhecimentos tradicionais deve considerar: a relevância das mulheres na difusão e manejo de plantas medicinais; as práticas coletivas e cooperativas dos grupos domésticos no âmbito das comunidades em caráter de ajuda mútua; a vigência de elementos místicos e simbólicos sagrado , fé e o dom ; diversificadas formas de uso e gestão dos ambientes e territórios; caráter dialético dos conhecimentos e práticas; relações de vizinhança, parentesco e compadrio; estabelecimento de regras e normas internas de manejo dos espaços e recursos

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Rodrigues, Mariana Leal. « Folhas e curas em imagens : a circulação do conhecimento no Rio de Janeiro e na Paraíba ». Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9330.

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No estado do Rio de Janeiro e no agreste da Paraíba, há centenas de grupos de mulheres voluntárias comprometidas com o resgate de saberes tradicionais sobre cuidados com a saúde por meio de plantas medicinais. Esses grupos produzem preparações medicamentosas, suplementos alimentares, sabonetes e pomadas, vendidos a preço de custo ou doados. No Rio de Janeiro, a Rede Fitovida conta com mais de cem grupos espalhados por diversas regiões, promove eventos culturais e reivindica o reconhecimento de seus saberes como patrimônio imaterial. Já no agreste da Paraíba, as mulheres se organizam em comissões nos sindicatos de trabalhadores rurais do Polo Sindical da Borborema, a fim de promover a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares locais. Elas promovem oficinas, encontros e visitas mútuas para difundir o uso de plantas medicinais, motivadas não só pela solidariedade, mas pela bandeira de não deixar esse conhecimento ser vencido pelo tempo. A proposta desta pesquisa é comparar as formas de transmissão de conhecimento de tais grupos, evidenciando, por consequência, os resultados decorrentes dessa ação. Para efeito de uma análise aprofundada.
In the metropolitan area of the state of Rio de Janeiro and in the semiarid region of the state of Paraiba, there are hundreds of groups of women who voluntarily commit themselves to rescue traditional knowledge about health care with medicinalplants. Those groupsproducemedicinalpreparations,foodsupplements,soapsand ointments are organized in a network called RedeFitovida that transmits their knowledge through cultural events and claims recognition of such knowledge as their intangible heritage. In Paraiba, women organize themselves into committees within rural workers' unions seeking to improve workshops, meetings and interchange visits aiming to spread the use of medicinal plants. By using an anthropological methodology and audiovisual documentation, which allows a more careful look on the social phenomenon, this research aims to understand how those groups transmit their traditional knowledge. Besides written ethnography, this research presents seven short ethnographic documentaries. The purpose of this research is to examine and compare the mechanisms used by those groups to transmit their traditional knowledge. By using an anthropological methodology and audiovisual documentation, the research aims to offer a more careful look

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Concy, Huguette. « La transmission du patrimoine médicinal créole : problématique, pertinence et évaluation d’un savoir traditionnel ». Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0865/document.

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En occupant un espace social privilégié, la médecine traditionnelle et les diverses pratiques qui y sont liées, sont de moins en moins marginalisées, de plus en plus admises comme ressources et la société leur devient du même coup permissive. La tolérance sociale est relativement forte ». Cette lecture de la situation de la médecine traditionnelle et de sa réception dans la société est celle de l’anthropologue et médecine martiniquais M. Yoyo. Elle évoque la réalité de la médecine créole dans l’espace antillais et dit l’intérêt que lui portent ceux qui en font usage.L’objectif de cette recherche est de poser la question de la transmission du savoir médicinal en contexte martiniquais : transmission des tradipraticiens vers les profanes ; transmission entre professionnels de cette médecine. Autrement dit comment se fait l’apprentissage si apprentissage il y a, de ce savoir traditionnel, jalousement gardé par ceux qui l’exercent ? La dimension magico-religieuse de ce savoir influe-t-elle sur sa transmission ? Quel est le rôle de la famille dans l’éducation et la transmission de ces pratiques ? Quelle est la connaissance profane accessible à tous et que détiennent certaines familles ? Celle-ci répond-elle aux attentes de la médecine traditionnelle et comment les familles procèdent-elles à sa transmission ? Quelle contribution l’institution scolaire apporte-t-elle à la sauvegarde de ce patrimoine ? Ce questionnement nous amène à nous interroger sur les pratiques en matière de médecine des Martiniquais et à considérer la coexistence entre savoir traditionnel et savoir rationnel dit moderne.On ne peut faire l’économie de ces analyses si on veut appréhender de façon objective le problème de la transmission de la médecine créole, de sa sauvegarde par – et pour – les générations montantes, en raison de l’aspect mémoriel de cette pratique thérapeutique mais également en raison de son efficacité et du potentiel important qu’elle représente pour la santé dans les années qui viennent
By occupying a privileged social space, traditional medicine and the diverses practices related to the field are less and less marginalized, more and more accepted as resources, thus society is gradually becoming more tolerant towards those practices. The social tolerance is relatively strong”. This perception of the present situation of traditional medicine and of its reception in society is proposed by M. Yoyo, French anthropologist and physician from Martinique. It speaks of the reality of traditional medicine in the west Indians context and highlights the positive affects on those who make use of it. The objective of this research is to explore the question of the transmission of medicinal knowledge within the confines of Martinique: transmission by traditionalists towards nonprofessionals as well as transmission among professionals in the fields of medicine. In other words, what learning, if any, still exists of this traditional knowledge faithfully kept by those practiced it? To what extent does the magical-religious experience influence the transmission of this knowledge? What is the role of the family in the education and the transmission of those practices? How much of this profane knowledge is accessible to all and to what extent is it practiced by families? Does the latter respond to the demands of traditional medicine? How do families proceed with the process of transmission. What contribution does the school make towards preserving this tradition ? The above questions provoke reflection on the medicinal practices of the people of Martinique and of the possible coexistence of traditional knowledge and modern or rational knowledge. These questions are inevitable if we want to progress with objectivity in the transmission of Creole medicine and of its preservation for future generations, as a form of safeguarding the memory of this therapeutic practice. However, they also help to focus on the level of its effectiveness and the potential importance that it represents in ensuring a healthy environment in the coming years

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Zhan, Mei. « The worlding of traditional Chinese medicine a translocal study of knowledge, identity, and cultural politics in China and the United States / ». online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3067989.

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Guimarães, Ingrid Mendes. « O acesso e a proteção do conhecimento tradicional associado, no âmbito da Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicas (PNPMF) : um estudo de suas determinações e contradições no contexto do novo imperialismo ». Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6206.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The theme of this research is the access and the protection of the associated traditional knowledge (CTA) and its main objective is to analyze the access end the protection of the CTA to medicinal plants, in the context of the National Policy of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Remedies (PNPMF), only Brazilian public policy that deals with the recognition and strengthening of the use of medicinal plants in the sphere of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). To achieve this goal to pinpoint the following specific objectives: to elucidate the role of the capitalist State; understand the functionality of public policy in capitalism; understand the relationship between the accumulation of capital in the context of the new imperialism and the monopolization of the CTA to medicinal plants; grasp the dynamics of social struggles generated around access to and protection of the CTA to medicinal plants; analyse the legal provisions dealing with access to and protection of the CTA; understand how the PNPMF addresses the issue of access to and protection of the CTA to medicinal plants. We feel it is important to seize the determinations and the contradictions that pervade the thematic access to and protection of the CTA to medicinal plants, because the institutional recognition of this herbal remedies use, conversely, it comes contributing for the increasing vulnerability of that CTA to medicinal plants in relation to the interests of capital. To this end, we conducted a qualitative research, documentary-type, based on historical dialetic materialism. The theoretical framework consists of the following categories of analysis: State, civil society, hegemony, public policy, capital, traditional knowledge. The documents used as sources of data were the PNPMF and the official, national and international devices, dealing with access and the protection of the traditional knowledge associated to biodiversity. Abstracts were conducted and systematization of such documents for further analysis, subjecting them thoroughly to the categories of relevant analyses for the study. We conclude that PNPMF is a Brazilian State mediation, regarding CTA´s access to medicinal plants, serving, mostly, to the interests of capital, using the bourgeois economic and developmental discourse, reinforcing the core functionality of public policy in capitalism, in this case, ensure their accumulation and expanded reproduction, favoring thus the strengthening of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry and putting this knowledge to the needs of the market.
A temática dessa pesquisa é o acesso e a proteção do conhecimento tradicional associado (CTA) e o seu principal objetivo é analisar o acesso e a proteção do CTA às plantas medicinais, no âmbito da Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (PNPMF), única política pública brasileira que trata do reconhecimento e fortalecimento do uso de plantas medicinais na esfera do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para atingir tal objetivo delimitamos os seguintes objetivos específicos: elucidar o papel do Estado capitalista; entender a funcionalidade das políticas públicas no capitalismo; compreender a relação entre a acumulação do capital no contexto do novo imperialismo e a monopolização do CTA às plantas medicinais; apreender a dinâmica das lutas sociais geradas em torno do acesso e da proteção do CTA às plantas medicinais; analisar os dispositivos legais que tratam do acesso e da proteção do CTA; entender como a PNPMF aborda a temática do acesso e da proteção do CTA às plantas medicinais. Consideramos importante apreender as determinações e as contradições que permeiam a temática do acesso e da proteção do CTA às plantas medicinais, porque o reconhecimento institucional desse uso fitoterápico, contraditoriamente, vem contribuindo para a vulnerabilização do CTA às plantas medicinais em relação aos interesses do capital. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental, fundamentada no materialismo histórico-dialético. O referencial teórico é composto pelas seguintes categorias de análise: Estado, sociedade civil, hegemonia, política pública, capital, conhecimento tradicional. Os documentos utilizados como fontes de dados foram a PNPMF e os dispositivos oficiais, nacionais e internacionais, que tratam do acesso e da proteção do CTA à biodiversidade. Foram realizados resumos e sistematizações de tais documentos para posterior análise, submetendo-os minuciosamente às categorias de análises relevantes para o estudo. Concluímos que a PNPMF é uma mediação do Estado brasileiro, no tocante ao acesso do CTA às plantas medicinais, que serve, majoritariamente, aos interesses do capital, utilizando-se do discurso burguês desenvolvimentista e economicista, reforçando a principal funcionalidade das políticas públicas no capitalismo, no caso, assegurar sua acumulação e reprodução ampliada, privilegiando assim, o fortalecimento da indústria farmacêutica e de biotecnologia e submetendo esse conhecimento às necessidades do mercado.

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Walshe-Roussel, Brendan. « An Ethnobiological Investigation of Q’eqchi’ Maya and Cree of Eeyou Istchee Immunomodulatory Therapies ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30420.

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This thesis investigated the phytochemistry and pharmacology of immunomodulatory medicinal plant species used traditionally by the Q’eqchi’ Maya Healers Association (QMHA) of Belize, and the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (CEI) of northern Quebec. Using quantitative ethnobotanical methodology, we identified 107 plant species belonging to 49 families used by Q’eqchi’ healers in the treatment of symptoms from 14 usage categories related to inflammation. Regression analysis revealed that the Piperaceae, Araceae, and Begoniaceae are preferentially selected by the Maya. Healer consensus for plant species was high, with 56 species (52%) being used by all the healers, and consensus for usage categories was also high, as informant consensus factor (FIC) values for each category were greater than 0.4. Fifty-two Belizean species were evaluated for their TNF-α inhibitory activity in an LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocyte model. Twenty-one species (40%) demonstrated significant TNF-α inhibition when assayed at 100 µg/mL, 8 of which had greater than 50% of the activity of the parthenolide positive control (10 µg/mL). Significant regressions were found between the anti-inflammatory activity and total healer frequency of use (Fuse) and the use reports for 3 usage categories, which indicated that ethnobotanical parameters can in part predict the activity of traditionally used species. Five sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the leaves of Neurolaena lobata, one of the most active species tested, all of which demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity greater than that of parthenolide (IC50 = 4.79 µM), with IC50s ranging from 0.17-2.32 µM. Lobatin B was the most active isolate tested. Ethanolic and water extracts of 17 species used by Cree healers were evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity. In general, the average anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts was 1.8 times greater than that of water extracts, and the pro-inflammatory activity of water extracts was 3.7 times greater than ethanolic extracts. Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana were the most anti-inflammatory ethanolic and water extracts, while the water extract of Sarracenia purpurea was the most pro-inflammatory. Picea marina cones, the most anti-inflammatory Cree medicine, were subjected to bioassay guided isolation. This led to the isolation of the anti-inflammatory lignan (+)-lariciresinol-9’-p-coumarate, which had an IC50 of 28.4 µM. Together, these results validate the traditional knowledge shared by our Q’eqchi’ and Cree collaborators, and draw attention to the therapeutic potential of subtropical and boreal plants as culturally appropriate complements to modern medicine. - Cette thèse porte sur la phytochimie et la pharmacologie des espèces de plantes médicinales immunomodulatrices utilisées traditionnellement par le Q’eqchi’ Maya Healers Association (QMHA) du Belize, et les Cris d'Eeyou Istchee (CEI) du nord du Québec. En utilisant une méthodologie ethnobotanique quantitative, nous avons identifié 107 espèces végétales appartenant à 49 familles utilisées par les guérisseurs Q'eqchi’ dans le traitement de symptômes appartenant à 14 catégories d'utilisation liées à l'inflammation. Une analyse de régression a révélé que les familles Piperaceae, Araceae, et Begoniaceae sont préférentiellement choisis par les Mayas. Le consensus entre guérisseurs pour les espèces végétales était élevé, avec 56 espèces (52%) étant utilisés par tous les guérisseurs, et le consensus pour les catégories d'utilisation était également élevé, car les valeurs de facteur de consensus des informants (FIC) pour chaque catégorie étaient supérieurs à 0,4. Cinquante-deux espèces du Belize ont été évaluées pour leur activité inhibitrice de TNF-α dans un modèle de THP-1 monocytes stimulés par le LPS. Vingt-et-une espèces (40%) ont montré une inhibition significative de TNF-α lorsque dosés à 100 µg/mL, dont 8 d’entre elles ont démontrées plus de 50% de l'activité du contrôle positif parthénolide (10 µg/mL). Des régressions significatives ont été observées entre l'activité anti-inflammatoire et la fréquence d'utilisation de guérisseurs totale (Fuse) et les rapports d'utilisation pour 3 catégories d'utilisation, ce qui indique que les paramètres ethnobotaniques peuvent en partie prédire l'activité des espèces traditionnellement utilisées. Cinq lactones sesquiterpéniques ont été isolés à partir des feuilles de Neurolaena lobata, l'une des espèces les plus actives testées, qui a démontré une activité anti-inflammatoire supérieure à celle du parthénolide (CI50 = 4,79 µM), avec des CI50 allant de 0,17 à 2,32 µM. Lobatin B était l’isolât le plus actif testé. Des extraits éthanoliques et aqueux de 17 espèces utilisées par les guérisseurs Cris ont été évalués pour leur activité immunomodulatrice. En général, l'activité anti-inflammatoire moyenne des extraits éthanoliques était 1,8 fois supérieure à celle des extraits d'eau, et l'activité pro-inflammatoire des extraits d'eau était de 3,7 fois supérieure à celle des extraits éthanoliques. Picea mariana et Pinus banksiana étaient les extraits éthanoliques et aqueux avec le plus d’activité anti-inflammatoire, tandis que l'extrait aqueux de Sarracenia purpurea était le plus pro-inflammatoire. Le cône de Picea marina, le médicament traditionnelle Cris le plus anti-inflammatoire, a été soumis à une isolation guidée par essais biologiques. Cela a mené à l'isolement du lignane anti-inflammatoire (+)-lariciresinol-9'-p-coumarate, qui avait une CI50 de 28,4 µM. Ensemble, ces résultats valident les connaissances traditionnelles partagées par nos collaborateurs Q'eqchi' et Cris, et mettent en évidence le potentiel thérapeutique des plantes subtropicales et boréales comme des compléments à la médecine moderne qui sont culturellement appropriées.

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Herrera-Hernandez, Maria Carolina. « Engineering of a Knowledge Management System for Relational Medical Diagnosis ». Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4071.

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The increasingly high costs of health care in the U.S. have led the general public to search for different medical approaches. Since the 1990's, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has radically increased in the U.S. due to its approach to treat physical, mental, and emotional causes of illness. In 2009, the National Health Statistics reported the impact of CAM in the U.S. health care economy, with population expenditures of $14.8 billion out-of-pocket on natural Medicine and $12.4 billion out-of-pocket on visits to CAM providers as a complement to Western Medicine care. CAM interconnects human functions to reach a balanced state, whereas Western Medicine focuses on specialties and body systems. Both Western Medicine and CAM are unlimited sources of knowledge that follow different approaches but that have the common goal of improving patients' well-being. Identifying relationships between Alternative and Western Medicine can open a completely new approach for health care that can increase understanding of human medical conditions, and facilitate the development of new and more cost-effective treatments. However, the abundance and dissimilarity of CAM and Western Medicine data makes knowledge correlation and management an extremely challenging task. The objective of this research is to design the framework for a knowledge management system to organize, store, and manage the abundant data available for Western Medicine and CAM, and to establish key relationships between the two practices for an effective exploration of ideas and possible solutions for medical diagnosis. Three main challenges in the design of the proposed framework are addressed: data acquisition and modeling; data organization, storage and transfer; and information distribution for further generation and sharing of medical knowledge. A framework to relate the diagnosis process in Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, as one of the various forms of CAM, is presented based on process-oriented analysis, hierarchical knowledge representation, relational database, and interactive interface for system utilization. The research is demonstrated using a case study on chronic prostatitis, and can be scalable to other medical conditions. The presented system for knowledge management is not intended to provide a definite solution for medical diagnosis, but to enable the exploration and discovery of knowledge for relational medical diagnosis. The results of this research will positively impact information distribution and knowledge generation via interactive medical knowledge systems, development of new skills for diagnosis and treatment, and a broader understanding of medical diseases and treatments.

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Santiago-Saavedra, Fanny. « The nature of Puerto Rican folk health practices through healers [sic] perceptions and somatic assumptions dissertation / ». [Columbus, Ohio] : Ohio State University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1092853553.

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AMBU, GABRIELE. « Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants used in rural areas of Kavrepalanchok District (Central Nepal) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1047246.

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The current economic and social conditions in many rural areas of the world are threatening the precious heritage of ethnobotanical knowledge and traditional farming practices.This can cause loss of precious cultural heritage and reduction in plant biodiversity, as ancient crops tend to disappear. The main aim of this thesis is to document traditional uses of plants by different ethnic groups (Tibeto-Burman and Indo-Aryan) living in certain rural areas of the Kavrepalanchok District in Central Nepal. In the study area, due to distance from urban centres and difficulty in accessing the government healthcare system, people still rely heavily on the use of local plants for various purposes, above all for primary healthcare. Through interviews with 32 informants, most of whom were key informants, we explored uses of 116 plant species, of which 101 were plants with medicinal value employed in the treatment of human and veterinary diseases. Some unusual uses of medicinal plants and original recipes were also reported. The data document the richness of the local flora and traditional knowledge of medicinal plant species used by ethnic communities in these rural areas. Therefore, future projects will have to involve local people in the improvement and conservation of the biological and cultural heritage.There is also a need for an ecological strategy for integrated management of land, water and living resources. Another aim of the research presented in this thesis is to better characterise some plants found to be of particular interest among those surveyed in the study area. With this in mind, we have focused our attention on those plants used by informants in the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as two species belonging to Caprifoliaceae (formerly Valerianaceae): Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Rob. and Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. These plants are widely used in traditional medicine for their sedative and anxiolytic properties in Nepal and in many other Asian countries. The pharmacognostic and phytochemical profile and the biological effects of essential oils (EOs) of these species were compared with those of Valeriana officinalis L., a species whose phytotherapeutic use is widespread in Western medicine. The multidisciplinary approach used represents a way to avoid adulteration of herbal drugs and allows evaluation of the effectiveness of EOs that could be used for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Overall, the results of this research could be useful for enhancing knowledge of the potential of still little-known medicinal plants for the possible formulation of new pharmaceutical products, eventually contributing to the economic development of local communities.

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Freitas, Ana Valeria Lacerda. « O espaço doméstico dos quintais e a conservação de plantas medicinais na comunidade São João da Várzea, Mossoró-RN ». Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/188.

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The purpose of the present study was to conduct an ethnobotanical research about the use and handling of vegetable resources, especially medicinal, in São João da Várzea s community, Mossoró-RN, emphasizing informants perception in relation to domestic spaces and conservation of these resources. The research was divided in three chapters. First chapter refers to a general introduction and a literature review about the subject. The second chapter includes the study about the use and handling of vegetable resources present in domestic spaces of 22 productive units, emphasizing medicinal plants. The third chapter, on the other hand, includes a study realized with two key informants, in order to recover the traditional knowledge of these about the use and handling of medicinal plants and their perception about phenological aspects and species conservation. The data of the last two chapters were collected using several techniques, such as: direct and participant observation, informal and semistructured interviews, free list, history of life, participative mapping and guided tour or walk-in-the-woods. The domestic spaces of productive units realized by the 22 informants have own characteristics and functions, modeled in accordance with knowledge and particularity of each family. These spaces are consisting of a large diversity of vegetable species that being used for many purposes, especially the medicinal use. The two key informants show to have a lot of knowledge about medicinal use of species found in domestic spaces and around the productive units, as well as about phenological aspects, handle and conservation of them
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre o uso e manejo de recursos vegetais, sobretudo medicinais, na comunidade São João da Várzea, Mossoró-RN, enfatizando a percepção dos informantes em relação aos espaços domésticos e à conservação destes recursos. A pesquisa foi dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo refere-se à introdução geral e uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. O segundo capítulo abrangeu o estudo sobre o uso e o manejo de recursos vegetais presentes em espaços domésticos de 22 unidades produtivas, enfatizando-se as plantas medicinais. O terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, compreendeu um estudo realizado com duas informantes-chave, visando resgatar os conhecimentos tradicionais destas sobre o uso e manejo de plantas medicinais e a percepção das mesmas sobre aspectos fenológicos e de conservação das espécies. Os dados dos dois últimos capítulos foram coletados utilizando-se várias técnicas, tais como: observação direta e participante, entrevistas informais e semiestruturadas, lista livre, história de vida, mapeamento participativo e turnê guiada ou walk-in-the-woods. Os espaços domésticos das unidades produtivas percebidos pelos 22 informantes possuem características e funções próprias, modeladas de acordo com o conhecimento e particularidades de cada família. Estes espaços são compostos por grande diversidade de espécies vegetais que são utilizadas para várias finalidades, destacando-se o uso medicinal. As duas informantes-chave demonstraram possuir grande conhecimento sobre o uso medicinal das espécies encontradas nos espaços domésticos e no entorno das unidades produtivas, bem como a respeito de aspectos fenológicos, manejo e conservação das mesmas

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Rehnlund, Mathilde. « In the Best of Worlds : Benefit sharing and sustainable development in Babati, Tanzania ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2256.

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Genetic resources are vital to all people, but especially the poor. They are also important for biodiversity, in turn a key factor in sustainable development. Since 1980, the bio industries have utilized genetic resources in their work, for example on pharmaceuticals, and patented their findings. This has created mistrust and malcontent among biodiverse poor countries in the South. To promote biodiversity protection and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the usage of genetic resources, the Convention of Biological Diversity requests an international regime. Negotiations for the Access and Benefit Sharing regime began in 2001 and have intensified as its end date, 2010, draws nearer.

People in Babati, Tanzania are as dependant on traditional medicine, which utilizes wild genetic resources, as they are on modern medicine. The status in the regime of communities such as those of Babati is principally important if sustainable development is to be reached. The greatest issue for the model currently under negotiation to deal with in order to truly promote sustainable development is equity.

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Chassagne, François. « Cancer du foie au Cambodge : état des lieux épidémiologiques, description des médecines traditionnelles utilisées et évaluation d'espèces médicinales sélectionnées ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30155/document.

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Le cancer du foie est le 6ème cancer le plus fréquent et le 2ème plus meurtrier dans le monde. Au Cambodge, en raison du contexte historique et économique, les données précises concernant cette pathologie manquent. A l'aide d'outils épidémiologiques, nous avons décrit les caractéristiques de 553 patients atteints de cancer du foie à l'hôpital Calmette à Phnom Penh, et ainsi mis en évidence l'importance de l'infection par les virus des hépatites B et C chez les sujets étudiés. Puis, nous avons documenté les connaissances de 42 de ces patients vis-à-vis de leur maladie. Nous avons détaillé leurs itinéraires thérapeutiques, mis en évidences des pratiques à risques (forte utilisation d'injections thérapeutiques et de techniques de dermabrasion), et le recours fréquent à des médecines dites traditionnelles. Nous avons ensuite tenté de comprendre les stratégies de prise en charge des patients souffrant de maladies hépatiques par les médecins traditionnels, et mis en évidence la variété des remèdes utilisés et l'importance de la perception khmère des propriétés des plantes. Enfin, à l'aide d'un modèle in vitro de culture de cellules cancéreuses hépatiques couplé à des outils d'analyse métabolomique, nous avons évalué 10 espèces médicinales, sélectionnées sur des critères bibliographiques et de terrain, et tenté d'identifier les composés potentiellement responsables de l'activité antiproliférative observée
Liver cancer is the 6th most common and 2nd most lethal cancer in the world. In Cambodia, due to the historical and economic context, there is a lack of accurate data on this pathology. Using epidemiological tools, we described the characteristics of 553 patients with liver cancer at the Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, and thus highlighted the importance of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses in the subjects studied. Then we documented the knowledge of 42 of these patients about their disease. We have detailed their therapeutic itineraries, highlighted risky practices (high use of therapeutic injections and dermabrasion techniques) and the use of traditional medicines. We then attempted to understand strategies for the management of patients with liver diseases by traditional healers, and highlighted the variety of remedies used and the importance of Khmer perception of plant properties. Finally, using an in vitro model of liver cancer cell culture coupled with metabolic analysis tools, we evaluated 10 medicinal species, selected on the basis of bibliographic and field criteria, and attempted to identify the compounds potentially responsible for the antiproliferative activity observed

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Mapi, Thandeka Priscilla. « Incorporating indigenous knowledge in the teaching of isiXhosa to pharmacy students at Rhodes University ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007469.

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Traditional healing is one of the most trusted methods of healing in South Africa, especially in rural areas, where health-care infrastructure is inadequate. People have depended on this method of healing since time immemorial. That belief has been strengthened by the fact that this method keeps people in touch with their ancestors. Traditional healers are trusted and believed to be the link between people and their ancestors. The Dwesa community is amongst the areas that still have strong belief in traditional healing. Traditional healers have a variety of methods of healing that they use, these methods have been trusted for people of all age groups. These methods are ukugabha, ukufutha and ukucima. Traditional healers prescribe them for both major and minor illnesses. They are believed to play a role in cleansing people from inside and outside. These methods together with other methods that are used in traditional healing are being explored in this study. This exploration is based on the fact that this information will be integrated into the teaching of isiXhosa to Pharmacy students at Rhodes University. This is an initiative to create awareness amongst health-care practitioners about traditional healing methods, so that they can caution and advise their patients about medicine taking behaviours, also to make them approach the subject in a sensitive manner. An isiXhosa course has been taught to Pharmacy students, as a pilot in 2007 and as an elective in 2008 onwards. This course deals with cultural issues in a broad manner, the issue of traditional healing specifically, and these methods of healing are outlined in the course, such that students have an understanding first of what a traditional healer is and their role in providing health-care services.

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Ford, Claudia Jeanne. « Weed Women, All Night Vigils, and the Secret Life of Plants : Negotiated Epistemologies of Ethnogynecological Plant Knowledge in American History ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1442086935.

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Sena, Carlos Eduardo Silva. « Aspectos valorativos do cerrado goiano como provedor das plantas medicinais para fins de uso tradicional : o caso do Grupo Espírita da Paz ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8417.

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Outro
Medicinal herbs are important natural riches to several cultures, mostly because of their phytotherapic use originated from traditional knoledge aqcired through direct contact with nature. Given that relevance, to secure products’ quality and to boost the sector’s progress, a group of institutions developed themselves attending to the Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (PNPMF), however, contradictorily, they stablish barriers to the production chain base constituted by strategic agents to the sector’s consolidation in Brazil. Besides, added to these barriers, when it comes to brazilian biomes, specially Cerrado, despite it’s composition by an abundant floristic diversity, that biome faces a scenario of land occupation due to agriculture advent, what sugests that services of medicinal herbs provision might be threatened. Therefore, this work highlights the value of the phytotherapy performed by Grupo Espírita da Paz as a critical point of sucsess on developing medicinal herbs production chain from income generation, cultural recognition and conservation of biomes that provide genetical resourses to phytotherapic herbs production, proposing a strategic guideline to the institutional improvement of the sector from this perspective.
As plantas medicinais são bens naturais importantes para diversos povos, principalmente devido seu uso na fitoterapia, fruto do conhecimento tradicional adquirido pelo contato direto com a natureza. Frente a esta relevância, e a fim de assegurar a qualidade dos produtos e impulsionar o avanço do setor, um conjunto de instituições se desenvolvem a partir da Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (PNPMF), entretanto, contraditoriamente, tal conjunto estabelece entraves à base da cadeia de produção, constituída por agentes estratégicos à consolidação deste setor no Brasil. Além disso, somados a esses entraves, em se tratando dos biomas brasileiros, especialmente o Cerrado, apesar de compor uma diversidade florística abundante, este bioma defronta com um cenário de ocupação de terras destacado pela expansão da agropecuária, sugerindo que o serviço de provisão de plantas medicinais possa estar cada vez mais ameaçado de se extinguir. Nesse sentido, este trabalho, estudando o caso do Grupo Espírita da Paz, destaca o valor da fitoterapia de base tradicional como ponto crítico de sucesso no desenvolvimento da produção de plantas medicinais, por meio do cultivo, extração sustentável e fonte de recursos informacionais à prospecção farmacológica, favorecendo a conservação de biomas, provedores de recursos genéticos à produção de fitoterápicos.

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Mongeon, Mylène. « Improvising Knowledge : A Case Study of Practices in and Around World Spine Care's Evidence-based Clinics in Shoshong and Mahalapye, Botswana ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34972.

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Global health organizations attend to populations around the world applying an evidence-based model of care that often does not correspond with local realities on the ground. My thesis provides an in-depth anthropological study of how this occurs within practices in and around World Spine Care's (WSC) clinics in Shoshong and Mahalapye, Botswana. More specifically I explore how knowledge is negotiated and improvised on the ground, paying particular attention to the ways WSC volunteers are (un)able to work with local health workers as they desire. I show the flows and counter-flows implicated in the difficult task of reconciling skills with standards. The study is based on a total of 15 months of participation with WSC's organization through attending meetings, activities and shadowing practitioners both in Ottawa and in Botswana. Expanding the scope of their creative improvisational skills beyond the closed settings of WSC clinics is proposed as a way to move forward.

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Ouedraogo, Wendkouni Adelphe Sabine. « Étude comparée de l’intégration juridique de la tradimédecine dans les systèmes de santé publique en Afrique de l’Ouest : les cas du Ghana et du Burkina Faso ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0009.

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La médecine et la pharmacopée traditionnelles ouest-africaine constituent encore aujourd'hui, l'unique moyen de prise en charge des maladies pour des milliers de personnes vivant en zone rurale et même en zone urbaine. Cette réalité est souvent présentée comme découlant uniquement de la faiblesse du système allopathique de santé, cependant, elle peut être le fruit d'un choix socioculturel. En effet, les conceptions traditionnelles des maladies, c’est-à-dire la distinction entre maladies naturelles et maladies provoquées influencent encore le choix thérapeutique dans les communautés africaines surtout en zone rurale. Pendant longtemps, ce retour à la médecine et à la pharmacopée traditionnelle s'est fait sans la mise en place des mesures d'encadrement et d'accompagnement nécessaires. Ce qui engendre d’énormes risques sanitaires. De plus, la multiplication des bio-prospections sans contrôle des États a conduit à une forte croissance des appropriations illicites des savoirs tradimédicaux. Cet état des faits a fait émerger au sein des institutions internationales compétentes de nouvelles questions : celles des droits des communautés locales et autochtones sur leurs ressources et leurs savoirs tradimédicaux associés, et la nécessité de la construction d'un système équitable d'exploitation des ressources et des savoirs médicaux traditionnels à des fins de recherches et de développement. Les États burkinabè et ghanéen ont, pour pallier ces difficultés, adopté des législations encadrant les pratiques traditionnelles de soins ainsi que la production et la mise sur leurs marchés nationaux de médicaments traditionnels et néo traditionnels
Traditional medicine and pharmacopeia are still nowadays for thousands of people in West Africa, the unique healthcare solution. If this fact is often considered as arising solely from the weakness of the allopathic health system, it could also be a result of socio-cultural choices. Indeed, people especially in rural areas are strongly influenced by traditional vision and beliefs about diseases’ origins, which could have natural or induced causes in this traditional conception. For a long time, this resort to traditional medicine was done without the supervision and support of the appropriate measures and regulations. This has generated high public healthcare risks. Moreover, the multiplication of bioprospection’s without states control has led to a sharp increase in illicit appropriation of traditional medicine knowledge for the purposes of pharmaceutical innovation. This has created new issues in the South, especially about local populations’ intellectual property on their traditional knowledge. Highlighting these facts has raised new concerns within the competent international and regional institutions: the need of protection for local and indigenous communities’ rights over their genetic resources and associated tradimedical knowledge, and the need of building a fair system of exploitation of resources and medical indigenous knowledge for purposes of research and development. The Burkinabe and Ghanaian states have, in order to overcome these issues, adopted legislations to regulate traditional care practices as well as the production and placement on their national markets of traditional and neo-traditional medicines

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Laurant-Berthoud, Claire. « Les herbes de la vie : entre Tlazotéotl et Hippocrate, plantes médicinales et pratiques thérapeutiques des sages-femmes traditionnelles de l’Altiplano central du Mexique ». Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030022.

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Au Mexique et plus spécifiquement dans l’Etat du Morelos, les sages-femmes traditionnelles constituent un groupe hétérogène quant à l’origine culturelle et ethnique, aux pratiques thérapeutiques, à la personnalité, à la formation reçue, aux honoraires perçus…. Personnages à la croisée des savoirs, les sages-femmes puisent leurs connaissances dans les traditions médicales náhuatl ; elles ont également reçu une formation académique de la part de la médecine occidentale.Elles pratiquent un panachage de techniques appartenant à des traditions médicales savantes ou populaires aux systèmes de référence a priori opposés. Elles démontrent des capacités d’intégration de connaissances issues de ces différentes traditions. Leur intérêt pour les thérapies dans la mouvance actuelle des médecines dites alternatives dénote aussi leur curiosité d’esprit et la souplesse de leurs pratiques. Au plan thérapeutique, les sages-femmes occupent un espace bien spécifique avec ses caractéristiques propres dans l’accompagnement de la femme au cours du processus de la maternité,de la conception à la période puerpérale. Les bains, les massages, l’alimentation et le remède végétal constituent une de leurs principales ressources thérapeutiques; l’importance de leur pharmacopée varie d’une dizaine à une centaine de plantes. Le système thérapeutique des sages-femmes est fondé sur un invariant : le concept du chaud et du froid
In Mexico, more specifically in the state of Morelos, traditional midwives compose a heterogeneous group with regards to their cultural and ethnic origins, their therapeutic praxis, their individual personalities, their training, their fees, etc. At crossroads of knowledge sources, midwives draw their competence from Náhuatl medical traditions and benefited from an academic training from occidental medicine as well. They resort to a number of diverse techniques belonging to wise and popular medical traditions which often refer to a priori conflicting systems. Midwives from Morelos demonstrate their capacity to integrate the lore from those different traditions. Their interest towards the therapies relating to the sphere of the present so-called alternative medicines also indicates their openness and the flexibility of their praxis. From a therapeutic point of view, the midwives assume aspecific role with clear characteristics in accompanying women all along the maternity process, from conception to puerperal period. Baths, massage, nutrition and herbal remedies constitute their main therapeutical resources; the range of their pharmacopoeia varies from a dozen to about a hundredplants. The therapeutic system of the midwives is based on the invariant dichotomy of hot and cold

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