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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Open sky »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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1

Beauvois, Igor, et Olivier Las Vergnas. « The Open Sky Underground ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988) : 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100093015.

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From 1985 March 26 to April 5, a special public astronomical education campaign was mounted in 16 stations of the Paris Metro. Apart from static displays, items included two planetariums, mirror-making, numerous round-table discussions, astronomical films, etc. Millions of people saw some part of these displays and surveys showed that many returned several times. The event was coordinated by the Association Nationale Science Techniques Jeunesse [National Association for Youth Science and Technology] and involved many official and private bodies, 30 astronomical groups, and 420 employees of the RATP [Régie autonome des transport parisiens – Paris city transport authority].
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Wijnholds, Heiko de B. « Open Markets in the Sky ». Journal of Euromarketing 6, no 1 (10 janvier 1997) : 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j037v06n01_05.

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Kamakshi, Saroja. « Uneven Earth and Open Sky ». Indian Journal of Gender Studies 6, no 2 (septembre 1999) : 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152159900600207.

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Lindquist, Thomas D. « Open-Sky Phacoemulsification During Corneal Transplantation ». Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 25, no 10 (novembre 1994) : 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19941101-17.

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Rogers, Pattiann. « Finding Poetry Under the Open Sky ». World Literature Today 87, no 1 (2013) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2013.0197.

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Pattiann Rogers. « Finding Poetry Under the Open Sky ». World Literature Today 87, no 1 (2013) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.87.1.0029.

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Berkhofer, Robert F., William Cronon, George Miles et Jay Gitlin. « Under an Open Sky : Rethinking America's Western Past. » Journal of American History 80, no 1 (juin 1993) : 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079713.

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Gould, Lewis L., William Cronon, George Miles et Jay Gitlin. « Under an Open Sky : Rethinking America's Western Past ». Western Historical Quarterly 23, no 4 (novembre 1992) : 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970306.

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Welsh, Michael. « Under an Open Sky : Rethinking America's Western Past ». History : Reviews of New Books 21, no 3 (avril 1993) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1993.9948625.

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Panda, Anita, Mayank S. Pangtey et Parul Sony. « Open-Sky Pupilloplasty To Treat Fixed, Dilated Pupil ». Journal of Cataract & ; Refractive Surgery 28, no 11 (novembre 2002) : 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(02)01791-1.

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Raber, Irving M., et Mittanamalli S. Sridhar. « Open-Sky Pupilloplasty To Treat Fixed, Dilated Pupil ». Journal of Cataract & ; Refractive Surgery 28, no 11 (novembre 2002) : 1895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(02)01792-3.

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Droller, Michael. « The scope of urological interaction : Endless open sky ». Arab Journal of Urology 9, no 1 (mars 2011) : 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2011.03.002.

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Norris, Jonathan H., et Raman Malhotra. « The open sky approach to brow suspension surgery ». European Journal of Plastic Surgery 35, no 6 (5 août 2011) : 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-011-0629-3.

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Jabbour, N. M., T. Hirose et C. L. Schepens. « Self-Retaining Iris Speculum for Open-Sky Vitrectomy ». Archives of Ophthalmology 104, no 1 (1 janvier 1986) : 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1986.01050130151042.

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Hutagalung, Siti Merida, Ruth Hanna Simatupang et Sinta Herindrasti. « KEBIJAKAN "OPEN SKY" BAGI PERKEMBANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN INDUSTRI PENERBANGAN DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM DAN KERJASAMA INTERNASIONAL KAJIAN : INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, DAN VIETNAM ». Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 2, no 1 (4 juin 2018) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v2i1.670.

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Ruang udara nasional negara-negara anggota ASEAN telah ditetapkan menjadi langit terbuka bagi penerbangan diantara sejak tahun 2010. Penerapan kebijakan open sky tersebut tidak seluruhnya dapat dilakukan serempak karena terkait dengan masalah regulasi, penyiapan dan kesiapan infrastruktur karena terkait dengan kondisi ekonomi masing-masing negara dan teknis penerbangan. Kebijakan open sky walau sarat dengan masalah regulasi dan kerjasama internasional dalam bidang bisnis dan ekonomi tetap harus diterapkan. Hal tersebut terkait dengan globalisasi dan peningkatan kesejahteraan regional di Asia Tenggara. Saat ini masalah tersebut dilakukan melalui perjanjian bilateral dan multilateral diantara negara-diantara anggota, termasuk Indonesia, Malaysia dan Vietnam. Praktik penerapan kebijakan open sky terbukti dapat mengembangkan industri penerbangan. Permasalahan ini diteliti dengan menerapkan metodologi penelitian analisis deskriptif dan yuridis normatif. Untuk membahas permasalahan diterapkan teori kedaulatan, teori kebijakan publik dan teori kerjasama internasional agar permasalahan terungkap dengan tuntas. Kata kunci: ASEAN, open sky, industri penerbangan Abstract The national air space of the countries members of ASEAN had been set to be open skies for flights between them since the year 2010. The application of the open sky policy is not entirely can be performed synchronously because of regulatory issues, related to the preparation and readiness infrastructure because economic conditions associated with each country and technical flight. The open sky policy although laden with regulatory issues and international cooperation in the field of business and economy should still be applied. It is associated with globalization and increased regional prosperity in Southeast Asia. Currently the issue is done through bilateral and multilateral agreements between the countries among the members, including Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam. Practice of application of the open sky policy proved to be able to develop the aviation industry. This issue was examined by applying research methodology descriptive and normative juridical analysis. The problem is discussed by implementing the theory of sovereignty, public policy and the theory of international cooperation so that the problems unfold completely. Keywords: ASEAN, open sky, aviation industry
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Senoaji, Zidane Haikal, et Anang Setiyawan. « OPEN SKY POLICY DAN STRATEGI PEMANFAATAN RUANG UDARA INDONESIA ». SUPREMASI HUKUM 17, no 1 (26 mars 2021) : 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i1.1164.

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The Asean open sky policy will have logical consequences on the regulation, control and utilization of Indonesian air space, therefore a strategic regulation, control and utilization strategy is needed to maintain the national interests of the Indonesian state as a whole.This paper uses doctrinal research methods through literature study, while the data analysis uses qualitative methods. The results of this research study indicate that the government must improve and make improvements to infrastructure on national aviation in terms of capacity, systems and technology, as well as strengthening existing policies and regulations so as to maximize the use and utilization of the potential of the air space.
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Rahman, Ira, Husni Hasan, Francis Tantri et Indra Setiawan. « KEBIJAKAN PENETAPAN RUTE PENERBANGAN PADA ERA ASEAN OPEN SKY ». Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & ; Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 4, no 3 (31 janvier 2018) : 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v4i3.152.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the evaluation of flight route policies, through program effectiveness, program adequacy, program distribution program that is enjoyed by all the aviation stakeholder and responsiveness and to recommend design improvement (roadmap) on flight route policies in accordance to the ASEAN Open Sky policy for the national carriers to be competitive. Research methods used are qualitative description with USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) approach or Issue Priority Matrix, investigation result on the flight path policies evaluation. The research used purposive sampling technique to determine the informant. The study result provides an overview of the preparation of improvement actions based on program evaluation through the establishment of medium term roadmap which consists; a) Grand Design disposition that regulate Indonesian airspace as state asset that has strategic value, b) Development of route connectivity functions, where national carrier must develop Global Distribution System functions. These GDS functions must be enhanced to provide support for assisting the airlines distribution process, simplifying airlines ticket booking, and minimalizing investment cost. c) Assessment of all Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) associated with Air Traffic Management (ATM), as well as d) developing e-business functionality that provides support for services.
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18

Grahe, Jon E. « Announcing Open Science Badges and Reaching for the Sky ». Journal of Social Psychology 154, no 1 (13 décembre 2013) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2014.853582.

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19

Lake, S., F. H. Mohammad-Ali et R. Khooshabeh. « Open sky Müller's muscle–conjunctiva resection for ptosis surgery ». Eye 17, no 9 (novembre 2003) : 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6700623.

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Goldsmith, D. « Extreme Ultraviolet Satellites Open New View of the Sky ». Science 268, no 5208 (14 avril 1995) : 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5208.202.

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21

Anderson, Richard I., Laurent Eyer et Nami Mowlavi. « Cepheids in Galactic Open Clusters : An All-sky Census ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S285 (septembre 2011) : 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312000762.

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AbstractWe perform an all-sky search for classical (type I) Cepheids that are members of Galactic Open Clusters. Our approach is multi-dimensional, using all available spatial and kinematic parameters. The quantification of errors is crucial for this analysis, so care is taken to find adequate and realistic representations of parameter uncertainties. The data employed in the calculation are taken from published catalogues and the literature, supplemented by specific radial-velocity observations. Our work in progress is outlined here, and issues related to the inhomogeneity of cluster radii in the literature are discussed in some detail.
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Mandel, Benedikt N., et Oliver Schnell. « An ‘Open Sky’ scenario for Hamburg airport and Germany ». Journal of Air Transport Management 7, no 1 (janvier 2001) : 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6997(00)00023-5.

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23

Li, Yan, Hongwu Du et Ceren Sezer. « Sky Gardens, Public Spaces and Urban Sustainability in Dense Cities : Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Singapore ». Sustainability 14, no 16 (9 août 2022) : 9824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169824.

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This paper studies the spatial characteristics of sky gardens as public spaces to explore their potential to support urban sustainability in dense cities. This research understands public spaces as spaces that are open and available in different levels of access and use. The research focuses on 982 sky gardens in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It adopts a mixed methodology, including site visits and observations, statistic measurements (based on SPSS software), and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) methods. The research follows three steps: first, it studies the urban context, including urban density, land uses, and policy regulations regarding sky gardens and sustainability. Second, it examines sky gardens’ spatial characteristics in terms of form (morphology, typology, size, affordances, configuration), openness quality (accessibility, ownership, permeability), and geometry (open space ratio, height of space-to-building, void-to-solid ratio, shape index). Third, the research compares the findings in three case cities and discusses their potential to support urban sustainability. The results suggest that despite the limitations of sky gardens, they may play, to different degrees, fundamental roles as open public spaces in high-density urban environments supporting cities’ sustainability. High-density environments offer more opportunities for the sustainable development of sky gardens, which creates a new spatial paradigm for compact vertical greenery in high-density cities.
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Prasetyo, Dedi. « Pro dan Kontra Penerapan ASEAN Open Sky bagi Negara Anggota ASEAN ». JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 6, no 1 (18 mai 2020) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v6i1.7736.

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Flight liberalization in South East Asia Region has long been initated and implemented since 2015 under the name of ASEAN Open Sky Policy. The implementation of this policy which is aimed to give a full access to the flight companies in ASEAN countries triggers a debate. There are pros and cons about it. Through this research, the writer intends to analyse cost and benefit of the implementation of that policy to the ASEAN countries. The focus of the analysis is on the impact of ASEAN Open Sky Policy to the countries in the region where the policy contributes to the ASEAN Economic Community. This research uses liberal institutional approach. The method is literature studi. Data processing technique uses single SWOT analytic concept. The result shows that the effect of ASEAN Open Sky is more beneficial to Singapore and Malaysia rather than to Indonesia and the Philippines.
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CHUNG, HUM, JAIME ACOSTA, MIGUEL F. REFOJO et FELIPE I. TOLENTINO. « USE OF HIGH-DENSITY FLUOROSILICONE OIL IN OPEN-SKY VITRECTOMY ». RETINA 7, no 3 (1987) : 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-198700730-00008.

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Anderson, Richard I., Laurent Eyer et Nami Mowlavi. « Cepheids in open clusters : an 8D all-sky census★† ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 434, no 3 (juillet 2013) : 2238–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1160.

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Beck, John. « Signs of the Sky, Signs of the Times ». Theory, Culture & ; Society 28, no 7-8 (décembre 2011) : 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423773.

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From Alfred Stieglitz to Trevor Paglen, photographs of the sky have engaged with the relationship between abstraction and representation. This article argues that Stieglitz’s attempt to convert the ‘natural’ abstraction of the sky into the ‘cultural’ abstraction of the modernist image opens a space through which recent photographers have moved to use the sky photograph as a means of interrogating issues of openness and concealment that are at once aesthetic and political. The invisibility of signs of military-industrial power embedded within airspace is, in Richard Misrach’s and Paglen’s photographs, registered but not exactly shown, since the capacity of the photograph to reveal the unseen is challenged by the effectiveness of contemporary modes of concealment. What is shown in these images, however, is the condition of hiddenness itself, which is encountered by Misrach and Paglen not only through the abstraction of the sky photographs but by situating those images within a discursive field – through the use of titles, captions and an explication of working methods – that regrounds the atmospheric as a spectacular function of power’s open secret.
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Arslan, Osman Ş., Mustafa Ünal, Ceyhun Arici, Erdoğan Cicik, Serhat Mangan et Eray Atalay. « Novel Method to Avoid the Open-Sky Condition in Penetrating Keratoplasty ». Cornea 33, no 9 (septembre 2014) : 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000000186.

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Özkiriş, A., O. Arslan, E. Cicik, N. KÖylüoglu et C. Evereklioglu. « Open-Sky Capsulorrhexis in Triple Procedure : With or without Trypan Blue ? » European Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no 9-10 (novembre 2003) : 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672103013009-1005.

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Nardi, M., U. Benelli, M. Figus et M. P. Bartolomet. « Open-Sky Capsulorrhexis in Triple Procedure : With or without Trypan Blue ? » European Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no 4 (juillet 2004) : 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210401400416.

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Tasman, William, Roberto N. Borrone et James Bolling. « Open Sky Vitrectomy for Total Retinal Detachment in Retinopathy of Prematurity ». Ophthalmology 94, no 4 (avril 1987) : 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33432-3.

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Vasquez-Perez, Alfonso Estuardo, et Romain DeCock. « Management of the Argentinian flag sign in open-sky cataract extraction ». JCRS Online Case Reports 4, no 3 (août 2016) : 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcro.2016.05.003.

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Tej, Anandmayee, Kailash C. Sahu, T. Chandrasekhar et N. M. Ashok. « Determination of Substellar Mass Function of Young Open Clusters Using 2MASS and GSC Data ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 211 (2003) : 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900210516.

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We present a statistical method to derive the mass functions of open clusters using sky survey data such as the 2 Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Guide Star Catalogue (GSC). We have used this method to derive the mass functions in the stellar/substellar regime of three young, nearby open clusters, namely IC 348, σ Orionis and Pleiades. The mass function in the low mass range (M< 0.50M⊙) is appreciably flatter than the stellar Salpeter function for all three open clusters. The contribution of objects below 0.5 M⊙ to the total mass of the cluster is ~40% and the contribution of objects below 0.08 M⊙ to the total is ~4%.
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Beck, Rainer. « Cosmic magnetic field observations with next generation instrumentation ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (novembre 2009) : 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010136.

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AbstractThe origin of magnetic fields in the Universe is an open problem in astrophysics and fundamental physics. Forthcoming radio telescopes will open a new era in studying cosmic magnetic fields. Low-frequency radio waves will reveal the structure of weak magnetic fields in the outer regions and halos of galaxies and in intracluster media. At higher frequencies, the EVLA and the SKA will map the structure of magnetic fields in galaxies in unprecedented detail. All-sky surveys of Faraday rotation measures (RM) towards a huge number of polarized background sources with the SKA and its pathfinders will allow us to model the structure and strength of the regular magnetic fields in the Milky Way, the interstellar medium of galaxies, in galaxy clusters and the intergalactic medium.
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Kruczek, Tadeusz. « Determination of Temperature Distributions for the Sky Based on the Results of Measurement with an Infrared Camera ». Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 25, no 3 (13 septembre 2021) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_241/57.

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The surroundings of objects in an open atmospheric space usually consist of a hypothetical surface of the sky and the surface of the ground. The aim of thermovision examination of objects located in open atmospheric space, especially buildings, is to determine the amount of heat loss or to assess the insulation quality parameters of walls, roofs and other building partitions. The tested surfaces, including elements of the outer shell of buildings, are often located at different angles to the ground surface and the sky. For the needs of thermovision testing of the considered objects and calculations concerning the radiation heat transfer, it is necessary to know the radiation parameters of the sky. These parameters include the equivalent radiative ambient temperature needed for thermovision measurements (including the temperature of the sky and the ground) and the overall radiative ambient temperature, which determines the heat loss by radiation from the tested surface. The article describes the method of determining the values of these temperatures on the basis of measuring the temperature of the sky with the use of a long-wave infrared camera and calculations. In order to verify the developed method, the results obtained with the use of the above-mentioned method were compared with the results obtained with the use of a pyrgeometer. The verification comprised the comparison of the heat flux of radiation from the sky, calculated on the basis of infrared camera measurements, with the energy flux emitted by the sky and measured with a pyrgeometer. The result of the verification is satisfactory.
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Casu, Silvia, Gian Luigi Deiana et Emilio Molinari. « The inmate sky Astronomy in a juvenile detention institute ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (décembre 2019) : 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000636.

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AbstractWe here present the general outline of the project “Open up, Sky!”, a pilot project of astronomy education in a Juvenile detention institution in Sardinia, Italy. The project is still in progress, and we report here the first preliminary results.
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Terrell, Dirk, John Gross et Walter Cooney. « Analysis of the Open Cluster NGC 2281 ». Galaxies 9, no 1 (21 janvier 2021) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies9010007.

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BV observations of an approximately 68′×48′ field centered on the open cluster NGC 2281 and covering more than 400 nights from 2013 to 2018 are presented. The photometric observations were transformed to the standard system using standards from the American Association of Variable Star Observers Photometric All-sky Survey (APASS) DR10 and analyzed with Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions to determine the distance, age, and metallicity of the cluster. The discovery of an eclipsing binary in the field is discussed.
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Шилкин, Алексей, Aleksey Shilkin, Юлия Артюшина, Yuliya Artyushina, Денис Ротанов, Denis Rotanov, Татьяна Павлова et al. « Microsurgery of lens dislocation in cats and dogs by «open sky» operation ». Russian veterinary journal 2019, no 5 (1 octobre 2019) : 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/article_5d935e17ce3e75.51937485.

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The lens dislocation (ectopia) is a partial or complete lens displacment from the normal anatomical position to the anterior chamber of an eye or into the vitreous body due to a violation of the integrity of the Zinn ligaments that hold the lens in a normal position. There are two different methods for dislocated lenses removing ― the «open sky» surgery technique or the ultrasonic phacoemulsification. According to results and clinical analysis of the lens dislocation surgery in small pets we have identified that using the «open sky» surgery is the optimal method for lens dislocation surgery in the anterior chamber in aged cats and dogs or pets with severe somatic pathology. Our technique of surgery with performing diamond microsurgery is more efficient and perfect, requires much less time than phacoemulsification. It optimizes the stages of the operation, minimizes complications and significantly improves the results of operations.
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Ezzeldin, EzzeldinR. « Closed versus open-sky Muller muscle-conjunctival resection in management of blepharoptosis ». Delta Journal of Ophthalmology 22, no 2 (2021) : 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/djo.djo_60_20.

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Steidl, Scott, Tatsuo Hirose et M. Elizabeth Hartnett. « Open-Sky Vitrectomy for Posterior Segment Reconstruction in Eyes with Severe Trauma ». International Ophthalmology Clinics 35, no 1 (1995) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004397-199503510-00018.

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姚, 勇. « Non-Open Sky Penetrating Keratoplasty Combined with Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation ». Hans Journal of Ophthalmology 08, no 04 (2019) : 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjo.2019.84022.

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Szamocki, Sonia, et Sabrina Shah-Desai. « A Skin Crease Preserving Modification of Open-Sky Mullerectomy for Blepharoptosis Correction ». Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 31, no 5 (2015) : 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iop.0000000000000508.

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Osborn, J., D. Guzman, F. J. de Cos Juez, A. G. Basden, T. J. Morris, E. Gendron, T. Butterley et al. « Open-loop tomography with artificial neural networks on CANARY : on-sky results ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 441, no 3 (20 mai 2014) : 2508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu758.

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C-Sánchez, Eleazar, Agustín J. Sánchez-Medina, Jesús B. Alonso-Hernández et Augusto Voltes-Dorta. « Astrotourism and Night Sky Brightness Forecast : First Probabilistic Model Approach ». Sensors 19, no 13 (26 juin 2019) : 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132840.

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Celestial tourism, also known as astrotourism, astronomical tourism or, less frequently, star tourism, refers to people’s interest in visiting places where celestial phenomena can be clearly observed. Stars, skygazing, meteor showers or comets, among other phenomena, arouse people’s interest, however, good night sky conditions are required to observe such phenomena. From an environmental point of view, several organisations have surfaced in defence of the protection of dark night skies against light pollution, while from an economic point of view; the idea also opens new possibilities for development in associated areas. The quality of dark skies for celestial tourism can be measured by night sky brightness (NSB), which is used to quantify the visual perception of the sky, including several light sources at a specific point on earth. The aim of this research is to model the nocturnal sky brightness by training and testing a probabilistic model using real NSB data. ARIMA and artificial neural network models have been applied to open NSB data provided by the Globe at Night international programme, with the results of this first model approach being promising and opening up new possibilities for astrotourism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, probabilistic models have not been applied to NSB forecasting.
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Keskin, Zeynep, Yunhao Chen et Steve Fotios. « Daylight And Seating Preference In Open-Plan Library Spaces ». International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 17 (2 juin 2017) : 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v17i0.12.

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Daylight factor has long been the predominant metric to evaluate daylight performance. Recently, the profession has moved toward annual dynamic daylight metrics such as useful daylight illuminance and daylight autonomy, which are based on absolute values of time varying daylight illuminance for a period of full year. As opposed to static daylight metrics that only concentrate on individual sky conditions, such as the widely used daylight factor, these metrics provide a more comprehensive way to measure illuminance for a wide range of sun positions and sky conditions. Although there is a growing consensus assigning importance to dynamic daylight metrics, there is no common understanding of how to integrate the preference and behaviour of building occupants in assessing the applicability of these metrics. In fact, it is when these occupancy observations and quantitative measurements are taken together that the importance of daylight performance metrics is fully realized. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the influence of daylight on behaviour can be predicted, and for this the behaviour investigated is seating preferences of occupants in open plan, hot-desking spaces in two university libraries in Sheffield: Western Bank Library and the Information Commons. The results suggest that the association between daylight and seat choice may not be strong, and that any effect is better associated with daylight factor than with useful daylight illuminance or daylight autonomy.
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Conrad, Bradley M., et Matthew R. Johnson. « An uncertainty-based protocol for the setup and measurement of soot–black carbon emissions from gas flares using sky-LOSA ». Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no 2 (26 février 2021) : 1573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1573-2021.

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Abstract. Gas flaring is an important source of atmospheric soot–black carbon, especially in sensitive Arctic regions. However, emissions have traditionally been challenging to measure and remain poorly characterized, confounding international reporting requirements and adding uncertainty to climate models. The sky-LOSA optical measurement technique has emerged as a powerful means to quantify flare black carbon emissions in the field, but broader adoption has been hampered by the complexity of its deployment, where decisions during setup in the field can have profound, non-linear impacts on achievable measurement uncertainties. To address this challenge, this paper presents a prescriptive measurement protocol and associated open-source software tool that simplify acquisition of sky-LOSA data in the field. Leveraging a comprehensive Monte Carlo-based general uncertainty analysis (GUA) to predict measurement uncertainties over the entire breadth of possible measurement conditions, general heuristics are identified to guide a sky-LOSA user toward optimal data collection. These are further extended in the open-source software utility, SetupSkyLOSA, which interprets the GUA results to provide detailed guidance for any specific combination of location, date–time, and flare, plume, and ambient conditions. Finally, a case study of a sky-LOSA measurement at an oil and gas facility in Mexico is used to demonstrate the utility of the software tool, where potentially small regions of optimal instrument setup are easily and quickly identified. It is hoped that this work will help increase the accessibility of the sky-LOSA technique and ultimately the availability of field measurement data for flare black carbon emissions.
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Estellés, V., M. Campanelli, T. J. Smyth, M. P. Utrillas et J. A. Martínez-Lozano. « Evaluation of the new ESR network software for the retrieval of direct sun products from CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM01 sun-sky radiometers ». Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no 23 (5 décembre 2012) : 11619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11619-2012.

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Abstract. The European Skynet Radiometers network (EuroSkyRad or ESR) has been recently established as a research network of European PREDE sun-sky radiometers. Moreover, ESR is federated with SKYNET, an international network of PREDE sun-sky radiometers mostly present in East Asia. In contrast to SKYNET, the European network also integrates users of the CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. Keeping instrumental duality in mind, a set of open source algorithms has been developed consisting of two modules for (1) the retrieval of direct sun products (aerosol optical depth, wavelength exponent and water vapor) from the sun extinction measurements; and (2) the inversion of the sky radiance to derive other aerosol optical properties such as size distribution, single scattering albedo or refractive index. In this study we evaluate the ESR direct sun products in comparison with the AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) products. Specifically, we have applied the ESR algorithm to a CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM simultaneously for a 4-yr database measured at the Burjassot site (Valencia, Spain), and compared the resultant products with the AERONET direct sun measurements obtained with the same CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. The comparison shows that aerosol optical depth differences are mostly within the nominal uncertainty of 0.003 for a standard calibration instrument, and fall within the nominal AERONET uncertainty of 0.01–0.02 for a field instrument in the spectral range 340 to 1020 nm. In the cases of the Ångström exponent and the columnar water vapor, the differences are lower than 0.02 and 0.15 cm, respectively. Therefore, we present an open source code program that can be used with both CIMEL and PREDE sky radiometers and whose results are equivalent to AERONET and SKYNET retrievals.
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Garvelmann, J., S. Pohl et M. Weiler. « Variability of Observed Energy Fluxes during Rain-on-Snow and Clear Sky Snowmelt in a Midlatitude Mountain Environment ». Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no 3 (1 juin 2014) : 1220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0187.1.

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Abstract Hourly observations of 65 snow monitoring stations were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the surface energy balance during snowmelt in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. The study focuses on two rain-on-snow (ROS) events in December 2012 and a clear sky period at the beginning of March 2013 using the same study locations. ROS and clear sky were chosen since they are completely different snowmelt conditions in terms of energy exchanges and dynamics. The results show that snowmelt was dominated by turbulent exchanges at the open field sites and by both turbulent exchanges and net longwave radiation in the forest during ROS. The energy available for snowmelt can be almost identical at open and forest locations during ROS, and a constant energy flux even during night was directed toward the snowpack. During the clear sky conditions, net shortwave radiation was the dominating term in the open, whereas net shortwave and net longwave radiation were most important in the forest. A diurnal signal with positive energy balance during daylight and negative energy balance in the night was observed, with considerably reduced energy available for snowmelt in the forest. Furthermore, the stratified sampling design revealed the strong influence of the canopy and the topography at the locations on the observed energy fluxes. Elevation, aspect, and leaf area index (LAI) were the most important predictor variables during ROS, whereas aspect and LAI were most influential during the clear sky period. The study highlights the distinct spatial variability of the individual energy balance terms over a relatively small area during the differing snowmelt conditions.
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Zahariev, Svetlozar Kirilov. « Validation and Optimisation of Common Clear Sky Models with a use case for North-East Bulgaria ». ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 5, no 1 (9 juin 2021) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol5.iss1.224.

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One of the most significant error contributors to preliminary design tools for Photovoltaic power systems is related to the simple parametric Clear Sky models. Therefore, this paper focuses on providing a methodology and a more sophisticated open-source tool for 3 commonly used Clear Sky models. This includes all relevant steps involved in the process - from filtering the raw meteorological data, identification of Clear Sky regions, data redistribution to genetic optimization of selected model parameter, etc.use case is built upon a multiyear dataset obtained from TU Varna meteorological station between 2012-2016. A significantly higher density distribution of Clear sky segments was identified during the summer through the Clear Sky Identification algorithm. To avoid the risk of overfitting the models to purely summer months and poor model fits in winter months, which was found to be the case with the legacy model, the underrepresented clear sky regions (based on θ) were replicated until uniform distribution is attained. Subsequently, a genetic optimization was applied to selected parameters in the Clear Sky algorithms and the updated models showed a significant improvement in low winter months (θ) and even overall performance boost RMSE / MAE /R2. Furthermore, such validations and optimizations are recommended prior to any design or real-time PV-system analysis for the specific location.
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Röser, S., N. V. Kharchenko, A. E. Piskunov, E. Schilbach et R. D. Scholz. « The Population of Open Clusters in the Nearest kpc from the Sun ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S246 (septembre 2007) : 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308015445.

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AbstractWe present a volume-limited sample (d < 850 pc) of open clusters in the Galaxy identified from our studies on galactic open clusters based on data from the all-sky catalogue ASCC-2.5 with absolute proper motions and B, V magnitudes of 2.5 million stars. The astrophysical properties of this sample are discussed.
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