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1
Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid et Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. « Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800 ». Al-Muqaddimah : Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, no 2 (31 décembre 2018) : 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Špelda, Daniel. « Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800) ». Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, no 4 (novembre 2017) : 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.
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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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Lukyanenko, Roman, Veda C. Storey et Oscar Pastor. « Foundations of information technology based on Bunge’s systemist philosophy of reality ». Software and Systems Modeling 20, no 4 (18 janvier 2021) : 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00862-5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractGeneral ontology is a prominent theoretical foundation for information technology analysis, design, and development. Ontology is a branch of philosophy which studies what exists in reality. A widely used ontology in information systems, especially for conceptual modeling, is the BWW (Bunge–Wand–Weber), which is based on ideas of the philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge, as synthesized by Wand and Weber. The ontology was founded on an early subset of Bunge’s philosophy; however, many of Bunge’s ideas have evolved since then. An important question, therefore, is: do the more recent ideas expressed by Bunge call for a new ontology? In this paper, we conduct an analysis of Bunge’s earlier and more recent works to address this question. We present a new ontology based on Bunge’s later and broader works, which we refer to as Bunge’s Systemist Ontology (BSO). We then compare BSO to the constructs of BWW. The comparison reveals both considerable overlap between BSO and BWW, as well as substantial differences. From this comparison and the initial exposition of BSO, we provide suggestions for further ontology studies and identify research questions that could provide a fruitful agenda for future scholarship in conceptual modeling and other areas of information technology.
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McManus, Denis. « Error, Hallucination and the Concept of ‘Ontology’ in the Early Work of Heidegger ». Philosophy 71, no 278 (octobre 1996) : 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181910005347x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recently the attempt has been made to demonstrate Heidegger's relevance to the concerns of analytic philosophers. A focus for this effort has been the criticism in his early work of Cartesian ontology. While a number of important works have mapped out this area of Heidegger's thought, a crucial task has not been carried out, namely that of assessing how Heidegger can accommodate those phenomena which motivate the Cartesian to adopt his highly counter-intuitive ontology. As long as we fail to examine how Heidegger's early ontology copes with the possibilities of error and of hallucination, the suspicion will remain that Heidegger is simply insensitive to those phenomena on which the Cartesian focuses. Neither Heidegger nor the Cartesian have been done any favours by commentators showing little inclination to bring the opponents into closer combat. This paper attempts to correct that omission.
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Bowers, Katherine. « Ghost Writers : Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave ». Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no 2 (17 décembre 2021) : 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.
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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.
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Pavlov, Ilia. « An Ontology of Power as an Ontology of History : An Appraisal of Vladimir Bibikhin’s Political Philosophy ». Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 18, no 3 (2019) : 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-3-195-223.
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The paper deals with the phenomenological, ontological, and existential grounds of the political philosophy and the philosophy of history as proposed by Vladimir Bibikhin in a course of lectures called (It’s) Time (Time-Being). Following the crucial ideas of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time, Bibikhin introduces the concepts of “early” and “late” disciplines, illustrated by the rules of Sophia Alekseyevna and Peter the Great, accordingly. These concepts are introduced to indicate two different ontological structures of historical and political action. An ‘early’ discipline stands for an ontological basis for democracy, whereas a ‘late’ one refers to autocracy and despotism. Drawing on multiple Bibikhin’s works dedicated to Russia, such as Introduction to the Philosophy of Law, The Power of Russia, and Our Place in the Word, the author argues that Bibikhin further elaborates the political and ontological aspects of the above-mentioned concept of the ‘late’ discipline in these texts. In contrast, the book New Renaissance is considered as an illustration of an ‘early’ discipline which is prevalent in the West, according to Bibikhin. Finally, the author proposes a critical evaluation of Bibikhin’s political philosophy in regards to its close link with an ideology and outlines the possible perspectives of implementing some of Bibikhin’s ideas in contemporary debates about the political.
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Ståhle Sjönell, Barbro. « Det tidiga 1800-talets svenska novellistik ». Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, no 2 (1 janvier 2013) : 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10840.
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Swedish Short Stories in the Early 19th Century. Publication and Subgenres
The present study of Swedish short stories published between the years 1810 and 1829 illustrates that authors representing the Romantic Movement made special efforts to put the short story on the market. At V. F. Palmblad’s publishing house, German contemporary short stories were translated and distributed, later followed by Swedish contributions to the genre, which appeared primarily in literary magazines. Only a small number of short stories were published over the course of these 19 years, and the means of publication varied. Out of 45 works found in the catalogues of the National Library of Sweden, 27 are published separately, while 14 are published in periodicals or newspapers and two in anthologies (one of which is a frame story and the other a modern collection). Authors connected to the Romantic school introduced two new varieties of short story: the exotic story and the fantastic story. The pre-existing subgenres included, for instance: adventures, satirical or comic stories, stories of family life, travel stories and historical short stories. Among these, the historical story was the only subgenre to be printed separately. Characteristic for the short story is its ability to be inserted into many different kinds of publications. Another result of the study is the discovery of the ease with which a short story may be transferred from one form of publication to another. For instance, the short story may originate as part of a novel, only to turn into a separate work in its own right. Alternatively, it may develop as a serial story in a newspaper and go on to be printed separately, and later appear in a publishing house series or in a volume of selected works. This adaptive, or transferable, quality should be included in the ongoing discussion pertaining to the definition of the short story.
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Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Kishore PV Reddy, Elizaveta Pertseva, Samuel V. Lemley, Christopher N. Warren, Max G'Sell et Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. « Contrastive Attention Networks for Attribution of Early Modern Print ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no 4 (26 juin 2023) : 5285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25659.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, we develop machine learning techniques to identify unknown printers in early modern (c.~1500--1800) English printed books. Specifically, we focus on matching uniquely damaged character type-imprints in anonymously printed books to works with known printers in order to provide evidence of their origins. Until now, this work has been limited to manual investigations by analytical bibliographers. We present a Contrastive Attention-based Metric Learning approach to identify similar damage across character image pairs, which is sensitive to very subtle differences in glyph shapes, yet robust to various confounding sources of noise associated with digitized historical books. To overcome the scarce amount of supervised data, we design a random data synthesis procedure that aims to simulate bends, fractures, and inking variations induced by the early printing process. Our method successfully improves downstream damaged type-imprint matching among printed works from this period, as validated by in-domain human experts. The results of our approach on two important philosophical works from the Early Modern period demonstrate potential to extend the extant historical research about the origins and content of these books.
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SAMPSON, MARGARET. « ‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’ : SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE ». Historical Journal 40, no 3 (septembre 1997) : 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9. £25.00.Sex and subjection: attitudes to women in early modern society. By Margaret R. Sommerville. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Pp. 287. ISBN 0-340-64574-1. £14.99.
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King, Martina. « Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden : Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800 ». Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no 2 (9 novembre 2020) : 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.
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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
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Plecka, Przemysław, et Krzysztof Bzdyra. « The Software Cost Estimation Method Based on Fuzzy Ontology ». Foundations of Management 6, no 2 (1 décembre 2014) : 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fman-2015-0008.
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Abstract In the course of sales process of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, it turns out that the standard system must be extended or changed (modified) according to specific customer’s requirements. Therefore, suppliers face the problem of determining the cost of additional works. Most methods of cost estimation bring satisfactory results only at the stage of pre-implementation analysis. However, suppliers need to know the estimated cost as early as at the stage of trade talks. During contract negotiations, they expect not only the information about the costs of works, but also about the risk of exceeding these costs or about the margin of safety. One method that gives more accurate results at the stage of trade talks is the method based on the ontology of implementation costs. This paper proposes modification of the method involving the use of fuzzy attributes, classes, instances and relations in the ontology. The result provides not only the information about the value of work, but also about the minimum and maximum expected cost, and the most likely range of costs. This solution allows suppliers to effectively negotiate the contract and increase the chances of successful completion of the project.
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Danz, Christian. « „Anxiety is finitude, experienced as one’s own finitude.“ ». International Yearbook for Tillich Research 13, no 1 (1 décembre 2018) : 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iytr-2018-027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This essay discusses Paul Tillich’s concept of anxiety. In his book The Courage to Be, Tillich speaks of a correlation between an ontology of anxiety and an ontology of courage. The essay explains this relation against the background of the development of Tillich’s works. The roots of the correlation between anxiety and courage can be found in Tillich’s concept of religion on the basis of the doctrine of justification, which he continually worked out back to his early writings. He uses this understanding of religion for his description of modern culture. Anxiety and courage are the two aspects in which God is disclosed in human consciousness.
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Matejić, Bojana. « The conjunction of art and life : Ontology of the site ». SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no 2 (2015) : 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1502223m.
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Art becoming life and its relative convergence to the ideality of autarky (aὐtάrceia), implies a maxim which coincides with the emancipatory promise of Art. NEO-Marxist authors have prescribed this maxim to Marx's early works, particularly to the thesis from his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, and elaborated it further on these grounds. This maxim has been applied by many avant-garde movements up to the contemporary moment: Bertold Brecht's political theatre, Guy Debord's situationism, site-specific art, fluxus, Joseph Beuys's social sculpture, etc. The common denominator of all these avant-garde practices is the imperative of an affirmation of their use-value - their realisation at the site of their own production, as opposed to the abstractness of their placement in the world. The site of this production is the site of the very production of sociability. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to examine the maxim art becoming life in the wake of Badiou's ontology of the site by using the example of the modality of site-specific works in the conditions of contemporaneity.
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Smirnova, Natalia M. « Phenomenological Hermeneutics Looking Forwards to Its Cognitive Synthesis ». Voprosy Filosofii, no 12 (2020) : 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-12-93-103.
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Some basic mainstreams of phenomenological hermeneutics’ further development in XX century’s philosophy, such as hermeneutics of the life-world (“late” E. Husserl’s and phenomenological sociology’s project), existential-phenomenological hermeneutics as subjective ontology (M. Heidegger’s project) and “synthetic” post-structural hermeneutics of P. Ricœur have been presented in this paper. Phenomenological ideas of “early” E. Husserl presented in his “Logical Investigations” as well as transcendental-phenomenological project’s evolution into “Phenomenology of the Life-World” in the “late” Husserl’s works have also been examined in this paper. Ideal foundations of cognitive hermeneutics’ transformation into M. Heidegger’s subjective ontology Dasein project have been explicitly shown in the paper proposed. Philosophical preconditions of generalization (and partly re-interpretation) some previous phenomenological hermeneutics’ achievements and constituting “synthetic” post-structural hermeneutics as interdisciplinary synthesis of phenomenology, post-structural linguistics and psychoanalysis have clearly been demonstrated. It has also been displayed to what extent some achievements of “synthetic” hermeneutics have been proceeded in contemporary Russian humanitarians’ works.
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Oostindie, Gert, et Jessica Vance Roitman. « Repositioning the Dutch in the Atlantic, 1680–1800 ». Itinerario 36, no 2 (août 2012) : 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000605.
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After some decades of historical debate about the early modern Atlantic, it has become a truism that the Atlantic may better be understood as a world of connections rather than as a collection of isolated national sub-empires. Likewise, it is commonly accepted that the study of this interconnected Atlantic world should be interdisciplinary, going beyond traditional economic and political history to include the study of the circulation of people and cultures. This view was espoused and expanded upon in the issue of Itinerario on the nature of Atlantic history published thirteen years ago—the same issue in which Pieter Emmer and Wim Klooster famously asserted that there was no Dutch Atlantic empire. Since this controversial article appeared, there has been a resurgence of interest among scholars about the role of the Dutch in the Atlantic. With Atlantic history continuing to occupy a prominent place in Anglo-American university history departments, it seems high time to appraise the output of this resurgence of interest with an historiographical essay reviewing the major works and trends in the study of the Dutch in the Atlantic.
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Liljas, Juvas Marianne. « ”Från pappas lydige Henric” : Pedagogiska perspektiv på det tidiga 1800-talets bildningsresande ». Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, no 2 (13 décembre 2019) : 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.151.
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“From daddy’s obedient Henric”: Pedagogical perspectives on educational travel of the early 1800s. This article analyses educational travel in the early 1800s from the perspective of its educational heritage and praxis. The aim is to develop an understanding of the pedagogical significance of educational travel. The article makes clear how upbringing and education are represented in the framework of travel narratives in pre-industrial landscapes. The argument is based on the influence of the mercantile class on educational travel and the informal effect of these trips on changes in pedagogical thinking. The travel letters of Johan Henrik Munktell from 1828 to 1830 are used as primary sources. Using Paul Ricoeur’s memory-critical hermeneutics, travel narratives become significant sources for how education is arranged, and immanent pedagogy is a key term. The results demonstrate that the individualisation process works together with forms of crypto-learning, the core of the personal development vision, and society’s long-term memory.
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Ostaric, Lara. « Absolute Freedom and Creative Agency in Early Schelling ». Philosophisches Jahrbuch 119, no 1 (2012) : 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2012-1-69.
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bstract. By arguing that the connection between Schelling’s reception of Plato and Kant’s conception of genius is relevant for Schelling’s early development, this essay demonstrates the following: (1) that Schelling’s early Idealism brings to the general problem that plagues German Idealists, i.e., the search for an unconditioned principle that unites theoretical and practical reason, the solution that is genuinely his own, this original solution consisting in Schelling’s conception of “creative reason [schöpfersiche Vernunft]”; (2) that the theme of an absolutely free creative subjectivity is shared by many of Schelling’s early works and, hence, that the early development of his Idealism can be interpreted as a beginning of the philosophical system or as a “proto-system” of what was later to become his 1800 System; (3) that when compared to Kant’s notion of genius, Schelling’s “absolute I” should be considered a regress rather than a progress.
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Fokin, Alexander Anatolyevich. « Philosophical Principles of Heinrich Klee’s Theology (1800–1840) ». Philosophy of Religion : Analytic Researches 6, no 1 (2022) : 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2022-6-1-24-36.
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The article focuses on the study of the dogmatic works of Heinrich Klee (1800–1840) in relation to his criticism and reception of contemporary philosophical systems. The dogmatic theology of Heinrich Klee is a little-studied page in the history of Catholic religious thought in the first half of the 19th century, yet for his contemporaries Klee was a significant thinker, and his theology was the subject of active discussion. The works of Klee are known to have been criticized more than once in connection with the possible borrowing of philosophical ideas in his dogmatic theology. This criticism, however, was taken for granted, without being corroborated by any specific study of his texts – a fault the present article seeks to amend. The article attempts to fit the theology of Heinrich Klee into a philosophical context and analyze the philosophical principles in his theology. In the conclusions of the article, we highlight the tendencies and features of the use of philosophical concepts characteristic for Klee and emphasize the breadth and variety of philosophical trends he was debating. The article uses specific examples to demonstrate that, while openly criticizing such сelebrities as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Klee not only embraced their philosophical language but also borrowed their foundational ideas. In the article, it was demonstrated with specific examples that, openly criticizing such authors as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, he perceives not only the philosophical language of these authors, but also borrows their system-forming ideas. At the same time, his theological thought moved within the strict framework of the Catholic concept of the objectivity of divine Revelation and the authority of the Church. The article sheds light not only on some of the philosophical and theological positions of a particular theologian of the early 19th century, but also on the discussion about the degree of philosophical foundation of theological constructions in the modern era as a whole.
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Haitian, Geng, et D. D. Yurchik. « THE INFLUENCE OF BYZANTINE NEOPLATONISM AND PALAMISM ON THE FORMATION OF RUSSIAN RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ». HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES IN THE FAR EAST 2, no 18 (2021) : 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2021-18-2-137-141.
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The article looks at how translations from the Byzantine Neoplatonists influenced the early Russian theology. In particular, enormous impact of the Corpus Areopagiticum has been discovered. Scholars disagree as to how much Neoplatonism was instrumental in forming the early Russian theological thought. The article distinguishes two varieties of Neoplatonism in Russian Theology School philosophy. The works by F. Golybinsky, Archbishop Innokenty (Borisov), Archbishop Nikanor (Brovkovich) and Father P. Florensky considered the formation of Orthodox theism as a transition from the ontology of Christian Platonism to Christian Neoplatonism. We can also assert that the orientation towards Plato was laid precisely through the Eastern Fathers, and not through the Latin influence.
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Gore, Jeffrey. « Schooling Milton : Materialism and Social Ontology in Milton’s Educational Prose ». Milton Studies 66, no 1 (février 2024) : 42–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.66.1.0042.
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ABSTRACT Scholars have explained Milton’s curriculum within the history of ideas but have given much less attention to the relationship between Milton’s experience as an educator and the development of his imagination, theology, and political commitments. This article argues that Milton’s monistic understanding of body and spirit, which played a prominent role two decades later in Paradise Lost and Christian Doctrine, emerged when he was a London schoolmaster in the 1640s. Drawing from writings on the social ontology of habit, the article demonstrates that the materialist orientation of these later masterpieces plays a prominent role in Milton’s earlier writings on social institutions, Of Education, The Reason of Church-Government, and Areopagitica. The social ontology of habit, as it appears in the works of both ancient and modern philosophers, challenges how we understand Milton’s conception of liberty and reveals his early monistic vision of collective life in the postmonarchical English republic.
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Gniazdowski, Andrzej. « The Constitution of the State as a Problem of Phenomenology ». Logos i Ethos 59, no 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/lie.60212.
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Roman Ingarden the early phenomenologist is regarded as a theorist in the area of aesthetics and ontology rather than being a political philosopher. The aim of the article is to reconstruct a non-existent philosophy of the state, one that could have been developed by Ingarden by taking as a starting point his ontological analysis of the structure of a literary work of art. In his book of 1931 Ingarden defined very broadly the literary work of art, including as its borderline cases among others scientific works, letters, memoirs etc. The thesis of the article is that state constitution may be also interpreted as a borderline case of that work. In reference to Ingarden’s analysis of stage play as the concretisation of a piece of drama, an attempt will be made to reconstruct in terms of his ontology the relation between the state constitution and the state itself.
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Shumakov, Andrey. « Gabriel's Failed Revolution of 1800 : Causes and Prerequisites ». Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no 1(61) (15 décembre 2023) : 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-61-1-186-203.
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This work is devoted to a very little-studied topic of the Virginia Slave Conspiracy led by Gabriel and is the first study of this issue in Russian historiography. The present article analyzes in detail the causes and prerequisites of the failed uprising of 1800. At the same time, the author relies on the published materials of the trial and the works of leading Western researchers.
The first part is devoted directly to the history of studying this issue. Using historical-genetic and retrospective methods, the author traces the influence of foreign policy, domestic political, social, economic, demographic, socio-cultural factors on the formation of a socially explosive situation in Virginia by 1800, and
also identifies a number of subjective reasons and prerequisites for a slave conspiracy, such as: motives of personal revenge and banal miscalculations of the authorities who did not take proper measures. At the same time, the main emphasis is on comparing approaches and substantiating the complex of causes and
prerequisites in Western historiography.
As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in the case of Gabriel's conspiracy, it is not just about a failed uprising, but about the emergence in Virginia of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries of a real revolutionary situation, the formation of which was facilitated by a combination of interrelated factors.
The results of the research conducted in this article can be used in research and teaching activities related to the study of American history and the history of the African-American people (Black History).
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Trivellato, Francesca. « What Differences Make a Difference ? Global History and Microanalysis Revisited ». Journal of Early Modern History 27, no 1-2 (24 mars 2023) : 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10057.
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Abstract This article discusses a number of scholarly trends that fall under the rubric of global history, with particular regard for those that address the early modern period (c.1400–1800). It stresses the rubric’s lack of coherence from both a methodological and ideological perspective. Most importantly, it revisits longstanding debates about the intersection of microanalysis and global history by assessing landmark works by Italian microhistorians, scholars of the so-called great divergence, and historians of climate and the environment. In so doing, it also asks how recent contributions build on insights that classic studies had already yielded – at least on the margins of the profession – beginning in the 1970s.
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Sackin-Poll, Andrew. « Michel Henry and Metaphysics : An Expressive Ontology ». Open Theology 5, no 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2019-0032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract There is an ambivalence and indecision at the heart of Michel Henry’s phenomenological ontology of life that this article seeks to resolve. Either “Being is a phenomenon only when it is at a distance from itself” or “the immediate is Being itself as originally given to itself in immanence.”1 The decision is, simply put, between distance or immediacy. In order to address this indecision, I put forward an hypothetical expressive interpretation of Henry’s phenomenology of life, drawing upon Gilles Deleuze’s interpretation of post-Cartesian metaphysics. The metaphysical language of expression is used (a) to make clear the internal structure of ‘auto-affection’ — a key concept for Henry’s phenomenology of life — as well as (b) to correct essentialist readings of this put forward by Dominique Janicaud and (c) broadly Hegelian interpretations put forward by François-David Sebbah. This expressive reading clarifies the ontological significance of life and auto-affection, showing more clearly the way the living self relates to Life or God as a dynamic movement and flux, without distance, gap, or transcendence. Through the clarification of Henry’s ontology of life in terms of expression a further ambiguity with regard to the theological significance and status of Life is revealed. The identification of an immanent and auto-affective Life with God in the early works appears closer to a Spinozist God than the later, Christian writings otherwise suggest. It is possible for the immediate, inner experience of auto-affective life to be as much secular as religious. I discuss this in the final part of this article.
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Gommans, Jos. « Trade and Civilization around the Bay of Bengal, c. 1650–1800 ». Itinerario 19, no 3 (novembre 1995) : 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021331.
Texte intégralRésumé :
About seven years ago the journalItinerarioissued a special volume on theAncien Régimein India and Indonesia that carried the papers presented at the third Cambridge-Leiden-Delhi-Yogyakarta conference. The aim of the conference was a comparative one in which state-formation, trading net-works and socio-political aspects of Islam were the major topics. Thumbing through the pages of this issue (while preparing this essay) I had the impression that the results of the conference went beyond its initial comparative goals. Directly or indirectly, several papers stressed that during the early-modern phase India and Indonesia were still part of a cultural continuum that was only gradually broken up by the ongoing process of European expansion during the nineteenth century. It appeared that even after the earlier course of so-called ‘Indianisation’ – a designation that unjustly conveys an Indian ‘otherness’ – India and the Archipelago shared many characteristics, especially in terms of their political and religious orientation. More importantly, these shared traits were shaped by highly mobile groups of traders, pilgrims and courtiers who criss-crossed the Bay of Bengal, traversing both the lands above and below the winds.
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Shcherbakova, Anna E. « TO CHILDREN ABOUT ART : DOMESTIC ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS OF THE 1800–1820S ». Arts education and science 1, no 38 (2024) : 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202401140.
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This article is devoted to the visual language of children’s books and magazines of the first third of the XIXth century on the theme of art. The cultural and historical context of the development of illustrated literature on this topic is considered. The most popular plots and the artistic features of the published images are identified. A comparison is made of illustrations in Russian-language versions of books and foreign originals. The relationship between the publication format and graphic content is determined, as well as the options for interaction between text and picture. The most striking examples of domestic early printed books reflecting the trends of the era under consideration were selected for this work. These are children’s encyclopedias, alphabet books, biographical and game editions. The result of the research is the reconstruction of the situation of illustrating children’s art literature in Russia in the 1800– 1820s. It has been established that children’s book publishing of this period hardly sought to talk about art as such. It often appeared in the content of publications with other goals. Nevertheless, the authors of the books managed to cover certain aspects of art. These include types of art, artistic images, famous artists, as well as technical features of creating works of art.
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Cvejić, Žarko. « From "Bach" to "Bach's son" : The work of aesthetic ideology in the historical reception of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach ». New Sound, no 54-2 (2019) : 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1954090c.
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The paper explores the historical correlation between the marginalization of C. P. E. Bach in his posthumous critical reception in the early and mid 19th century and the paradigm shift that occurred in the philosophical, aesthetic, and ideological conception of music in Europe around 1800, whereby music was reconceived as a radically abstract and disembodied art of expression, as opposed to the Enlightenment idea of music as an irreducibly sensuous, sonic art of representation. More precisely, the paper argues that the cause of C. P. E. Bach's marginalization in his posthumous critical reception should not be sought only in the shadow cast by his father, J. S. Bach, and the focus of 19th and 20th-century music historiography on periodization, itself centred around "great men", but also in the fundamental incompatibility between this new aesthetic and philosophical ideology of music from around 1800 and C. P. E. Bach's oeuvre, predicated as it was on an older aesthetic paradigm of music, with its reliance on musical performance, especially improvisation, itself undervalued in early and mid 19th-century music criticism for the same reasons. Other factors might also include C.P. E. Bach's use of the genre of fantasia, as well as the sheer stylistic idiosyncrasy of much of his music, especially the fantasias and other works he wrote für Kenner ("for connoisseurs"). This might also explain why his music was so quickly sidelined despite its pursuit of "free" expression, a defining ideal of early to mid 19th-century music aesthetics.
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Соколов, Ю. В. « Ontology of Slavophiles in the interpretation of Mikhail F. Taube ». All-Russian Scientific and Practical Journal of Social and Humanitarian Research, no 2(9) (30 juin 2023) : 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/sgjournal.2023.9.2.008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
В статье анализируются онтологические воззрения одного из представителей школы славянофилов – Михаила Фердинандовича Таубе, проводится сравнение взглядов Таубе с идеями основателя славянофильства Алек- сея Степановича Хомякова. Показана сложность изучения данной темы, связанная с недостаточным интересом к ней ранних славянофилов. На основе анализа имеющихся источников выделены такие основные черты онтологии Хомякова, как волюнтаризм и теоцентричность. На основе анализа трудов Таубе воссоздан намеченный им план построения системного философского мировоззрения, основанного на принципах славянофильства. Выявлены общие для Хомякова и Таубе онтологические положения, продемонстрированы специфические черты системы Таубе, заключающиеся в признании трех субстанций, лежащих в основе Бытия. The article analyzes ontological ideas of one of the representatives of the school of Slavophiles – Mikhail F. Taube and compares Taube’s views with ideas of the founder of Slavophilism Aleksei S. Khomyakov. The complexity of studying this topic is shown, due to the lack of interest of early Slavophiles in it. Based on the analysis of available sources, key features of Khomyakov’s ontology, such as voluntarism and theocentricity, are highlighted. Having analyzed Taube’s works, the author presents Taube’s ideas about building a systematic philosophical worldview based on Slavophilism principles. The paper reveals ontological guidelines common to Khomyakov and Taube and demonstrates specific features of the Taube system, consisting in the recognition of the three substances underlying human being.
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Seleznev, Ilya. « Self-Ownership and Alienity of the World : Ontology of the Institution of Property in Modern Age ». Logos et Praxis, no 3 (septembre 2023) : 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.3.11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The work is devoted to the ontological foundations of the Western institution of property in the Modern Age. Philosophy plays a significant role in the project of the Modern Age to substantiate the natural, rather than religious, origins of property because it can provide rational legitimation for the institution. In this regard, to explicate the ontology of property in the Modern Age, the study turns mainly to two authors in whose texts such a discourse unfolds: John Locke and Karl Marx. John Locke, in his political philosophy, for the first time in the history of Western culture, derives the ownership of things from labor and explains the ownership of labor itself as the unconditional ownership of itself. Self-ownership implies a split into self-ownership and self-property while simultaneously identifying oneself, so the question of the meaning of self-ownership is raised. What ontology is based on this specific idea of the Modern Age about the natural belonging of a person to himself, and how does a man actually realize this belonging? Answers to these questions are given through an analysis of the early works by K. Marx, in which it is possible to explicate the ontology of self-ownership: it is thematized in the distinction between individual existence and the generic essence of man. Marx continues the division of men into themselves and themselves and proceeds from the fact that men as individuals initially belong to men as generic entities (which made possible Marx's statement that in the process of alienated labor, men are alienated from themselves). It is concluded that the ontology of self-ownership is rooted in the ontology of the subject of the Modern Age in general. Since only self-ownership is recognized as unconditional property in modern times, all things in the world appear in this ontology as initially alien and requiring appropriation in order to become one's own.
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Vorozhikhina, Ksenia. « Boris de Schloezer on the Early 20th Century Russian Philosophy ». Otechestvennaya Filosofiya 1, no 2 (juillet 2023) : 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/3034-1825-2024-2-74-92.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The publication highlights the period of cooperation between the music and literary critic, translator and writer Boris Fedorovich Schloezer with the critical and bibliographic department of the St. Petersburg “political, social and literary” liberal newspaper “Birzhevye Vedomosti”, which from the middle of 1916 was headed by A.L. Volynsky. In 1916 Schloezer published reviews of a collection of articles by V.I. Ivanov “Furrows and Boundaries”, on the books of N.A. Berdyaev “The Meaning of Creativity (The Experience of Justifying Man)” and S.L. Frank “The Subject of Knowledge”. If the works of Berdyaev and Ivanov provoked criticism of the author of the reviews, the book of Frank (along with the works of N.O. Lossky (“Justification of Intuitionism”, “Introduction to Philosophy”) and P.B. Vysheslavtsev (“Ethics of Fichte”)), according to Schloezer, testifies to a new trend in Russian philosophy – a turn towards ontology and the revival of metaphysics. In addition to the published articles this publication presents a response to Ivanov’s collection “Native and Universal” and the article “Russian Philosophical Thought”, written by Schloezer in 1917–1918. They, apparently, never appeared on the pages of the newspaper, but were preserved in the Volynsky archive (RSALA, fund 95). Schloezer’s article on modern Russian philosophy is a review of the latest philosophical literature: S.L. Frank’s “Man’s Soul”, N.O. Lossky’s “The World as an Organic Whole”, E.N. Trubetskoy’s “Metaphysical Assumptions of Cognition”, I.A. Ilyin’s “Philosophy of Hegel as the Doctrine of the Concreteness of God and Humanity”, as well as the collection “Thought and Word” edited by G.G. Shpet. The publication sheds light on the un known pages of Schloezer’s intellectual biography.
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Girard, Philip. « Themes and Variations in Early Canadian Legal Culture : Beamish Murdoch and hisEpitome of the Laws of Nova-Scotia ». Law and History Review 11, no 1 (1993) : 101–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743601.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Beamish Murdoch (1800–76) was a young man when the first of the four volumes of hisEpitome of the Laws of Nova-Scotiarolled off Joseph Howe's press at Halifax in the spring of 1832. He was an old man when the first installment of his three-volumeHistory of Nova-Scotia, or Acadieappeared under James Barnes's imprint in the spring of 1865. These two works have received surprisingly disparate attention in the century since Murdoch's death. Today it is Murdoch the historian who is well known: No treatment of nineteenth-century Canadian historiography would omit reference to hisHistory. Murdoch's contributions to literary and political life, as editor of theAcadian Magazineand member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1826 to 1830, have also attracted attention. Murdoch the lawyer and legal treatise-writer, by contrast, is virtually unknown in both professional and legal academic circles, even in his home province. Until recently the Epitome has attracted virtually no scholarly attention of any kind.
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Doukari, Omar, Enrico Scoditti, Mohamad Kassem et David Greenwood. « A BIM-based Techno-Economic Framework and Tool for Evaluating and Comparing Building Renovation Strategies ». Journal of Information Technology in Construction 28 (4 avril 2023) : 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2023.012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Building renovation presents real challenges for project participants which frequently generate high cost and schedule overruns. The disruption caused to occupants is one of the main challenges for the planning and management of renovation works. To better manage occupant interference and enable the acceleration of renovation works, this study aims to develop a novel framework for the assessment and optimisation of renovation strategies using BIM. The concept of disruption is formalised through a renovation ontology using the UML language. To enable process automation, the renovation ontology is then populated, and knowledge related to renovation tasks, constraints, duration, cost, equipment, and disruption are captured, structured and validated with industry partners. A digital tool and a set of Key Performance Indicators are also developed so as to facilitate the identification, assessment and optimisation of renovation scenarios in terms of cost, project duration and disruptive potential. Using a step-by-step process, detailed descriptions of the methodologies and workflows of the proposed framework are finally provided and demonstrated on a live case study located in Greece. The findings show no spatial correlation exist for the disruption concept and also confirm the disruptive nature of building floor renovation which can lead to a low rate of retrofitting them. Furthermore, the findings question the general applicability of the Whiteman et al.’s heuristic suggesting to prioritise the planning and execution of the most disruptive renovation activities as early as possible in the renovation process, and of the preference of Fawcett for a one-off renovation strategy recommending to conduct renovation works in one go as quickly as possible. Ultimately, the TEA framework will be further demonstrated and tested by end-users on three additional European case studies within the RINNO project which will particularly help validating the added value and benefits of the TEA framework from a user perspective.
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Zhu, Yanqiao, Oliver Berkowitz, Jennifer Selinski, Andreas Hartmann, Reena Narsai, Yan Wang, Peisheng Mao et James Whelan. « Conserved and Opposite Transcriptome Patterns during Germination in Hordeum vulgare and Arabidopsis thaliana ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no 19 (7 octobre 2020) : 7404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197404.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Seed germination is a critical process for completion of the plant life cycle and for global food production. Comparing the germination transcriptomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the overall pattern was conserved in terms of functional gene ontology; however, many oppositely responsive orthologous genes were identified. Conserved processes included a set of approximately 6000 genes that peaked early in germination and were enriched in processes associated with RNA metabolism, e.g., pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins. Comparison of orthologous genes revealed more than 3000 orthogroups containing almost 4000 genes that displayed similar expression patterns including functions associated with mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, carbohydrate and RNA/DNA metabolism, autophagy, protein modifications, and organellar function. Biochemical and proteomic analyses indicated mitochondrial biogenesis occurred early in germination, but detailed analyses revealed the timing involved in mitochondrial biogenesis may vary between species. More than 1800 orthogroups representing 2000 genes displayed opposite patterns in transcript abundance, representing functions of energy (carbohydrate) metabolism, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, and gene regulation. Differences in expression of basic-leucine zippers (bZIPs) and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs) point to differences in regulatory processes at a high level, which provide opportunities to modify processes in order to enhance grain quality, germination, and storage as needed for different uses.
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MacKay, James S. « The Second Repeat in Beethoven's Sonata-Form Movements : Tonal, Formal and Motivic Strategies ». Music Theory and Analysis (MTA) 8, no 1 (30 avril 2021) : 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/mta.8.1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Around the middle of the Classical period, there was a paradigm shift concerning sectional repeats in sonata-form movements. Whereas previously the repeat of both halves (exposition and development/recapitulation) was virtually pro forma, by the late 1700s composers typically only indicated the first repeat. When composers began to indicate the second repeat infrequently, this decision took on greater musical significance.<br/> Whereas Haydn and Mozart indicated the second repeat frequently, even in their late works, Beethoven indicated this repeat rarely (nineteen times in works with opus numbers). This infrequency is noteworthy and prompts the question: Are there issues of formal balance or tonal/motivic connections that would be lost if performers omitted this repeat? I will examine these works in depth, noting similarities in formal balance, motivic content, tonal procedures, and large-scale design. Although many of these movements date from Beethoven's early period, he also indicated the second repeat six times after 1800, including the finale of his last quartet, Op. 135. We can conclude that repeating a sonata-form movement's second half remained an option for Beethoven late in life, even after he had ostensibly broken definitively with the formal conventions of his Classical predecessors.
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de Vos, Machteld. « In Between Description and Prescription : Analysing Metalanguage in Normative Works on Dutch 1550–1650 ». Languages 7, no 2 (6 avril 2022) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020089.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper is the first to perform a systematic quantitative analysis of the arguments used to motivate selections in grammatical entries from normative works on Standard Dutch written between ca. 1550 and 1650. Thus, it aims to obtain insight into what language ideologies were characteristic of this early modern period, what these reveal about how Standard Dutch took shape in its initiating phase, and what the differences are between the codification of Dutch in the early modern period (16th/17th century) and the (post)modern period (20th/21st century; analysed in earlier studies). Although certain issues within the annotation method need to be addressed in future research, the results indicate that the following principles were particularly characteristic of the early modern period: for Dutch to be a good language in terms of its grammar, it ought to differentiate, display consistency, mirror Latin and Greek, and reflect the use of certain authorities. These linguistic principles form the roots of the part of the Dutch standard language ideology (SLI; which, as previous research has shown, came into existence in the decades around 1800) that connects ‘language’ with ‘norm’ and that bestows value on the language’s regularity. However, the additional connection to social identity, that forms a second and crucial part of the SLI, played no major part in the arguments used in this time period yet. Moreover, two important differences between the early modern period and the (post)modern period were found: (1) the latter period showed a higher degree of consensus and therefore of canonisation of the normative discourse than the former period; (2) the nature of the metalanguage used in normative publications was explicitly prescriptive in the later period but mostly ostensibly descriptive/implicitly prescriptive in the earlier period. This indicates that, in terms of the metalanguage used, the normative discourse in the formative period of Standard Dutch was in between description and prescription.
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Kasatkin, Konstantin. « In Search of One’s Self : Russian Travelers in the Balkans in 1800–1830s ». Russian History 48, no 1 (26 janvier 2022) : 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract In this paper, we are going to demonstrate that the writings of Russian travelers of the early 19th century laid the foundation of a discourse of Slavism. The travelers stopped perceiving the Balkans as part of the Near East and began considering them as ‘Ours’. This allowed the Russians to assert their identity within the boundaries of the European community while simultaneously separating themselves from the Roman-Germanic “West”. We examined four different types of descriptions of the Balkans by Russian travelers of the 1800–1830s. The authors’ approaches to these narratives were either orientalist or Slavic in nature. Works written in the framework of Orientalism are often characterized by the view of the Balkans as the land of the past, and travels perceived the Balkans as the antithesis of Russia, which they saw as being part of the West. Discourse of Slavism was fundamentally different from Orientalism. Firstly, it replaced the East-West binary relationship with a West-Russia-East triptych. Secondly, it sought to equate Russia and the Slavs. The travelers of the 3rd group were the first to discover a way to reconcile with the “backwards” past within the West-Russia-East triptych. Fourthly, Venelin verbalized a new paradigm in Russia’s description of the Balkans. He was the first to consider Russia as the center of the Slavic world, as opposed to the wild European periphery.
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Rodin, Kirill A. « Ethical Reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus ». Epistemology & ; Philosophy of Science 58, no 1 (2021) : 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps20215814.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The hundred-year history of interpretations of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus we examine in the article through a gradual approach (through the refusal of researchers from obviously erroneous interpretations) to an ethical (or metaphilosophical) reading of the work. The latter explains Wittgenstein’s unambiguous indication of ethical meaning as the main meaning of the Tractatus and consistently reconciles various parts of the work (ontology, figurative theory of meaning, rejection of the theory of types and logical constants, etc.) with the latest so-called ethical and mystical statements of the Tractatus and with demanding silence. An ethical (metaphilosophical) reading explains the continuing influence and relevance of the Tractatus and is presented in the article as a necessary condition for understanding the continuity between the works of early and late Wittgenstein.
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Mansfeld, Jaap. « An Early Greek Epic ». Mnemosyne 74, no 2 (12 janvier 2021) : 200–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10082.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The question (once again) is in what cognitively acceptable way the Alētheia and Doxa sections of the epic should be connected, that is to say in what way Parmenides himself may have envisaged the relation between ontological Truth and mistaken human Opinions. An important distinction is found to obtain between the common run of humankind, ignorant and helpless, and an enlightened human elite. The views of this elite serve as an intermediate between the cognitive condition of humanity in general and the arcane knowledge and ontology of the Alētheia section and help to attenuate the dualism by bridging the gap between ignorance and absolute Truth. There is a significant and crucial interplay between the two sections which works both ways, forward from the Alētheia to the Doxa section and backwards from the Doxa to the Alētheia section. Defining characteristics of the elements per se and of their compounds in the Doxa section are reflections of defining properties of Being in the Alētheia section. Conversely, recognition of these elemental characteristics may point the way back to properties of Being. The argument of the epic from fr. B1 to fr. B19 DK is strictly organized by means of reiterated theses and type-scenes, which lend an overarching unity to the poem. This technique itself is not new, but the contents of these reiterated motifs (such as the mention of humans, of the distinction between Being and not-Being, of name-giving, or of defining properties and characteristics) are original. The reiterated motifs which secure the proofs of the main thesis function as hidden persuaders. The story of the extraordinary journey of the anonymous author to the dwelling of his nameless goddess and the revelation he receives from her have been carefully authenticated and stage-managed to provide divine backing for the stunning doctrines put forward and are also aimed at convincing the audience.
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Vickers, Anita. « Social Corruption and the Subversion of the American Success Story in Arthur Mervyn ». Prospects 23 (octobre 1998) : 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006293.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Because both parts of Charles Brockden Brown's Arthur Mervyn; or, Memoirs of the Year 1793 (1799–1800) were clearly not composed under the same creative impetus as his other novels were (critics conjecture that the novel was written in three segments within a two-year span), the novel as a whole evinces the author's propensity to improvise more than any of his other works do (Ringe, 49). Early critics, notably R. W. B. Lewis (The American Adam) and David Lee Clark (Pioneer Voice in America), choose to ignore and/or gloss over the troublesome second part. Later criticism, however, deals with both part 1 and part 2. Kenneth Bernard, for one, concisely identifies one of the novel's themes as the correlation between innocence and experience, the first part dealing with Mervyn's innocence and inexperience, and the second dealing with his experience and his cognizance because of that experience (441).
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Worsley, Peter. « The Rhetoric of Paintings : Towards a History of Balinese Ideas, Imaginings and Emotions in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries ». Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 9, no 1 (27 avril 2019) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2019.v09.i01.p02.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Western historical scholarship has taught us much about Southeast Asia in the period between 1800 and 1940. This was a time when the insistent, intensifying and transforming influence of Dutch colonial society and its culture became widespread in Bali and more broadly in the archipelago. Much too has been written about the analytical framework of European histories of these times. In this essay I discuss Balinese paintings from this same period which shed light on how painters and their works spoke to their viewers both about how the Balinese knew, imagined, thought and felt about the world in which they lived and about the visual representation and communication of these ideas, imaginings and feelings through the medium of narrative paintings. In this paper I hope to draw attention to a number of historiographical issues concerning the reception of the ideas, imaginings and feelings conveyed in paintings. In particular I shall have some remarks to make about the role of philology in this regard.
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Jaros, Peter. « A Double Life : Personifying the Corporation from Dartmouth College to Poe ». Poe Studies 47, no 1 (2014) : 4–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/poe.2014.a565302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This essay pursues the prehistory of contemporary debates over corporate personality by investigating the early nineteenth-century American corporate imaginary In 1819, Dartmouth College v. Woodward enshrined the common-law definition of the corporation—an artificial person, immortal and invisible—in American jurisprudence. In contrast, contemporaneous satirical poems on failing banks personified corporations as strikingly visible and mortal. In subsequent decades, Poe drew on the legal doctrine of artificial personhood in a number of works—the sonnet “Silence” and the tales “William Wilson” and “Peter Pendulum, the Business Man”— and juxtaposed it unsettlingly with the so-called natural personhood of human beings. Whereas literary scholarship on antebellum legal personhood has principally explored the contested status of African Americans, this essay argues that the early corporation confronted both jurists and lay writers with an idea of personhood irreducible to the human being. It shows how Poe’s work, in particular, articulates the challenges posed by the complex ontology and ghostly genealogy of the corporation to the logic of human identity.
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Watkin, Chris. « Not More of the Same ». Philosophy Today 63, no 2 (2019) : 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday2019827279.
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Much French philosophy of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been marked by the positive valorization of alterity, an ethical position that has recently received a vigorous assault from Alain Badiou’s privilege of sameness. This article argues that Badiou shares a great deal in common with the philosophies of alterity from which he seeks to distance himself, and that Michel Serres’s little-known account of alterity offers a much more radical alternative to the ethics of difference. Drawing on both translated and as yet untranslated works, I argue that the Serresian ontology of inclination, along with his conceptual personae of the hermaphrodite and the parasite, informs ethical and political positions that offer a distinctive ethics and politics that present fresh insights about the relation between the singular and the universal, the contingency of market exchange, and the nature of violence.
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Lavrova, Svetlana V. « To the Concept of “Sound Object” in Musical Theory and Composition Practice of the End of the 20th — the Beginning of the 21st Century ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no 1 (2023) : 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is devoted to the concept of “sound object”, fundamental category for music of the late 20th — early 21st century. It is considered from the standpoint of Pierre Schaeffer’s theory of concrete music, Helmut Lachenmann’s concrete instrumental music, Dennis Smalley’s spectromorphology, James Tenney’s gestalt theory, and is also interpreted within the philosophical framework of Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology and Bruno Latour’s actornetwork theory. The works of Beat Furrer, Peter Ablinger and Georg Friedrich Haas are also analyzed. The conclusion from the research is that in order to interpret the concept and phenomenon of a sound object in modern compositional practice, which is extremely diverse, musicological methods are not enough, and therefore, an appeal to modern philosophy can contribute to a more accurate interpretation and help analyze the objects of modern sound world in all their diversity.
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Zhukova, Olga A. « O.E. Mandelstam’s Works in the Context of Russian Modernist Philosophy and Artistic Practice ». Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no 2 (23 mai 2021) : 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-2-7-20.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article proposes a philosophical interpretation of the poetic heritage of O.E. Mandelstam. The approach to characterizing the artistic experience of the Russian poet, through the prism of the philosophy of creativity and the philosophy of culture, seems to be significant and productive. This position is substantiated by the fact that in modern scientific literature there are still few works in which Mandelstam’s poetry would be elucidated within the framework of the philosophy of Russian culture and the ontology of creativity. In the article, Mandelstam’s creative phenomenon is shown in connection with the aesthetic program of artistic modernism. The philosophical foundations of Russian modernism are rooted in theissue of the spiritual self-awareness of Russian culture. Since Russian modernism reflects the transformation of artistic and spiritual culture that took place in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the author tries to highlight and analyze the leading philosophical and aesthetic principles of Symbolism and Acmeism, discussed by poets of the Russian Silver Age. Special attention is given to Mandelstam’s theoretical works. The cultural-philosophical analysis makes it possible to trace the internal relationships between aesthetic attitudes and the artistic imagination of Russian Symbolists and Acmeists, to determine the specifics of the aesthetic self-awareness of Russian culture, its practices in selecting ideas, symbols, images of national and world artistic culture in the early 20th century. The author describes the logic of the continuity of the artistic ideas of Russian and world literature in the aesthetic concept of Mandelstam. In order to demonstrate the close connection of the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of classical culture with postclassics, the research brings together literary, philosophical and memoir sources in the context of the heritage of Mandelstam and the poets of his circle.
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Podbielski, Marcin, et Andrew Kaethler. « Editors’ Note ». Forum Philosophicum 21, no 1 (1 novembre 2016) : 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2016.2101.01.
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In the Summer of 2015 Sotiris Mitralexis and Andrew T. J. Kaethler organized a conference held in Delphi, Greece, titled “Ontology and History: A Challenging and Auspicious Dialogue for Philosophy and Theology.” The conference brought together over sixty scholars from various parts of the globe, representing Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Protestantism—truly an ecumenical affair. The topic of the conference, which is well represented in this volume of Forum Philosophicum, was purposefully broad because it is a question that remains open and which sits at the centre of the Christian philosophical and theological tradition. Joseph Ratzinger posited in several works that the interplay between salvation history and ontology is the most pressing concern for modern theology. In Introduction to Christianity—a modest title for a robust piece of theology—Ratzinger notes that early in the Christian tradition a division arose between theological metaphysics and theology of history, each seen as two different things; “people indulge either in ontological speculation or anti-philosophical theology of salvation history, thus losing in a really tragic way the original unity of Christian thought. At the start Christian thinking is neither merely ‘soteriological’ nor merely ‘metaphysical’ but molded by the unity of history and being. Here lies an important task for modern theological work, which is torn once again by this dilemma.”
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Tsvetkova, Olga. « Dreaming Man in the Phenomenology of Madness by Michel Foucault ». Ideas and Ideals 14, no 1-1 (25 mars 2022) : 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.1.1-100-116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyzes the development of the ideas of Ludwig Binswanger in the early works of Michel Foucault. The transformation of the basic concepts of Dasein-analysis by M. Foucault leads him to the idea of a human as a dreamer being, and a dream as a way of understanding the ontological foundations of human existence. The article reveals M. Foucault’s idea of the predominance of dreaming activity over conscious, rational and reasonable human activity. The article analyzes M. Foucault’s idea about the essence of madness, presented in his early phenomenological works. He notes the inadequacy of interpreting the meaning of dream images, as psychoanalysis does, it is necessary to consider a dream as a pure potentiality of being, which is constructed into normal or pathological worlds. The article considers the influence of the works of L. Binswanger and S. Freud on the ideas of M. Foucault. Z. Freud was one of the first to open a dialogue with madness. He drew attention to the fact that dreams have meaning and reflect an unconscious part of a person’s mental life. Following him, the Swiss psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger proposed the Dasein-analysis method for understanding the pathological world of the mentally ill, based on the ideas of M. Heidegger’s ontology, E. Husserl’s phenomenology and Z. Freud’s psychoanalysis. From this moment, madness becomes the subject of research in existential psychology, phenomenological psychiatry and philosophical anthropology. In modern philosophy, madness is often viewed as a trait that distinguishes humans from animals, the problem of madness is compared with the problem of reality. The article notes the inadequacy of a positivist psychiatric approach for understanding madness. The article also highlights the importance of studying the problem of madness for a more holistic understanding of the human phenomenon, socio-cultural processes, where it often becomes difficult to draw a line of demarcation between norm and pathology. The article shows how L. Binswanger’s ideas about dreams developed by M. Foucault are continued in the works of modern Russian philosophers who study the phenomenon of madness.
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Kent, Joan. « The Rural ‘Middling Sort’ in Early Modern England, circa 1640–1740 : Some Economic, Political and Socio-Cultural Characteristics ». Rural History 10, no 1 (avril 1999) : 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001679.
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A middle class ‘did not begin to discover itself (except perhaps in London) until the last three decades of the [eighteenth] century’. So wrote E. P. Thompson in the 1970s in a now-famous analysis which divided English society into patricians and plebeians, and which, along with J. H. Hexter's ‘The Myth of the Middle Class in Tudor England’, largely eliminated ‘middle class’ from the vocabulary of early modern English historians. During the past decade, however, there has been renewed focus on the middle ranks in early modern England, now commonly labelled ‘the middling sort’, and such studies explicitly or implicitly call into question Thompson's polarized portrayal of English society. A number of earlier works analyzed the middling in the countryside, particularly in the period 1540 to 1640; but recent discussions focus largely on townsmen, and most are concerned with a later period, the second half of the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Even in a volume such asThe Middling Sort of People: Culture, Society and Politics in England 1550–1800, a collection of essays presenting recent scholarship on the subject, the rural middling sort receive very little attention (a fact acknowledged by one of the editors). This essay will draw upon detailed evidence from several parishes to consider characteristics of the middling in the countryside during the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
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Simonov, A. I. « General Principles of S. L. Frank’s “Mystical Realism” as a Method of Knowing the Absolute ». Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 35 (2021) : 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.35.93.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article attempts to analyze S. L. Frank’s philosophy to identify a distinct concept – “mystical realism”. Two key works on the ontology of the thinker have been considered: “Subject of knowledge” belonging to the early period of his creative work, and “Incomprehensible” written in the late period. The tradition of Frank’s intellectual heritage analysis is represented by the works of I.I. Evlampiev, P.P. Gaidenko, P. Elen, A.M. Khamidulina and other professionals aimed at finding elements of intuitive (mystical) cognition of the Absolute in the context of objective being. It resulted in the idea that “mystical realism” is based on the combination of rational and irrational knowledge aimed at acquiring the Absolute. S.L. Frank shows the presence of something mystical (Absolute) in the context of objective being, and further he reveals the presence of something mystical (Absolute) in the spiritual being of a person. The presence of something mystical within reality is represented by two main transcendence ways: “outward expression of a spirit” and “inward expression of a spirit”. It allows the philosopher to speak about the Absolute as a fundamental principle that created the uni-verse and at the same time as a call of eternity coming into an objective world through a spiritual life of a person.
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Joo, Hyeuk Kyu. « Wordsworth’s Affective Materialism ». Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 28, no 3 (31 octobre 2023) : 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.3.139.
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This essay aims to analyze Wordsworth’s works from the affective materialist framework, which emphasizes dynamic, affective interactions between a multitude of bodies, real or abstract, and further explain the significance of his works on contemporary ecological-environmental thoughts. As is shown in many poems composed during the Lyrical Ballads project period, particularly “Tintern Abbey,” “Lines Written in Early Spring,” “Goody Blake and Harry Gill,” “Peter Bell,” and poetic fragments, Wordsworth embraces contemporary physiological ideas on human cognition and emotion. He describes a natural world where all entities constitute interdependent relationships, delicately capturing the flow of dynamics operating in such affective, material relationships. In doing so, his poetry presents an awareness of a new form of ontology that breaks away from anthropocentric thinking and the obsession with human exceptionality.
Affective materialism presupposes that humans and objects around them are working on, and are being worked upon by, each other. It opts for embodied consciousness rather than the transcendentalist perspective based on the autonomy of imagination through disembodied consciousness. By combining affects and ecology to describe phenomena where humans and nonhumans are connected through the material and physiological processes, his affective materialism helps us understand the accidental, ever-changing, and sometimes chaotic everyday world intertwined with beauty and ugliness more realistically.
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Guénin—Carlut, Avel. « Thinking like a State : Embodied intelligence in the deep history of our collective mind ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1261, no 1 (1 octobre 2022) : 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012026.
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Abstract This article aims to show how the deep history of early State societies entails the development of a collective form of cognitive agency. It relates classical works in the anthropology of States (in particular Scott’s Seeing like a State) with the enactive account of biological and cognitive organisation, thanks to the unified ontology for self-organisation dynamics across scales offered by the Active Inference framework. Active Inference conceives of cognition as synchronisation across individuated sensorimotor states. It entails that biological or sociocultural constraints display a minimal form of cognition by shaping the behaviour of faster dynamics in a certain way. When such constraints collectively define a basic life form (an integrated, operationally closed system), they can therefore be said to embody adaptive knowledge properly speaking. The (en)Active Inference account I articulate here strongly motivates and methodologically grounds a holist approach in the social sciences. Indeed, it grounds the study of human societies in the role of structural constraints, whose “meaning” depends both on the broader system’s activity and in the historical context of their emergence. The present account of the dynamics of early urbanisation and State genesis aims to illustrate this approach.