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1
MORELLATO, MASSIMO. « Reputational capital and olympic events : a case study of whistler live ! » Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29578.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mega events such as the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games present unique opportunities to increase the economic and social capital required by destinations to be competitive on the global tourism stage. Engaging Games and community stakeholders in the networks needed to organize and deliver such events is central to creating sustained and positive legacies. Network building and maintenance can occur at a variety of levels and scales. Effective and sustained networks depend on and are shaped by the social and reputational capital created through the process of managing various dimensions of the event. One of the more recent Games’ dimensions used as a vehicle for creating social capital is the Cultural Olympiad.
This dissertation creates and tests the utility of a conceptual model in identifying how event organizers strategically select stakeholders and nurture network relations to build the reputational capital needed for sustained competitiveness. It builds this model based on premises and principles emerging from literature related to corporate social responsibility, social capital development, reputational capital creation, Olympic mega-event legacies, tourism destination branding and community based sustainability planning. The study tests the model’s usefulness through a case study of the stakeholders, networks, and outcomes created in the development and delivery of Whistler’s portion of the 2010 Winter Games Cultural Olympiad – ‘Whistler Live!’. It explores the ways in which Whistler engaged its stakeholders and partners so as not only to meet its immediate Olympic goals, but also to contribute the longer term reputation and sustainability of the resort community.
2
Mohamed, Harith Sophia. « A Compromised Legacy ? Investigating the embodiment of Olympism values within the Olympic bidding process ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35403.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The international and commercialised recognition of the Olympic Games can bring upon prestigious benefits to a country's Olympic Games legacy. Due to this, candidate cities have capitalised on this opportunity to leverage their bids to successfully secure hosting rights. Consequently, this has commodified the bidding process, which has intensified the competition and the declining number of bids over recent years. Thus, jeopardising the legitimacy of the Olympic Games bids to its true values of Olympism. Hence, utilising a semi-systematic literature review, this thesis aims to investigate the extent and in what ways the Olympic Games bids have embodied the values of Olympism. Specifically exploring within three case-study examples; the Beijing 2008; the London 2012; and the Rio De Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Adopting a thematic analysis and theoretical framework, findings have noted four overarching themes that influence the leveraging of bids; Economical, Political, Globalisation and the Public (Social). Further, and to a vague extent, the selected Olympic Games bids embodied the values of Olympism as secondary and appear to be a by-product of a prominent agenda that reflects the ebb and flow of politics and economics of the respective host-city. Interestingly, by examining the Olympism philosophy and legacy this may not be an issue due to its abstract construction and lack of precision, which has enabled great flexibility. As a resolution, this thesis calls for the values to be measurable and the implementation of evaluative committees that span beyond the Olympic Games to ensure Olympism values and its legacy is embodied successfully.
3
Brown, Jennifer A. « How the Winter Olympics Enrich Community Legacies for Recreational Open Space : A Case Study of Selected European and American Olympic Sites ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3426.
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The Olympics have been a catalyst through the last century for community alteration including both the renovation of existing areas and building of new sites. This study focuses on the post-Olympic use of active and passive recreational open space infrastructure developed by Winter Olympic host cities.
This study examines four Winter Olympics. The observation of a variety of Olympic venues has provided an opportunity to compare the differences in planning due to historical, cultural, and social variables. The comparison of these Olympic sites contributes to understanding of the probability of success or failure of post game expectations for recreational open space use. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Winter Olympics on the recreational open space infrastructure of host communities. Future Olympic sites can utilize these experiences as part of a planning effort to create a successful community recreational open space legacy.
4
Smith, Sarah. « Flexible : defining Olympic legacies through dynamic buildings ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427900401.
Texte intégral
5
Leopkey, Becca. « The Governance of Olympic Games Legacy ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23640.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to understand the governance of Olympic Games legacy. Legacy is broadly described as “all planned and unplanned, positive and negative, intangible and tangible structures created by and for a sport event that remain for a longer time than the event itself” (Preuss, 2007a, p. 86). The specific objectives of this study were: a) to map the historical evolution of legacy throughout the modern Olympic Movement (OM) (i.e., 1896-current day) in order to contextualize and conceptualize the major trends (e.g., changes in legacy, network actors/stakeholders, governance structures and processes) over time; b) to understand, explain, and compare/contrast the network governance of Olympic legacy, using Australian and Canadian case settings; and c) to critically analyze the overall structure and process of the governance of legacy within the OM focusing specifically on the aspects of performance, transparency, accountability, and participation to build a framework and provide policy recommendations for the governance of legacy in mega-events. In order to accomplish these objectives, a historical review of legacy within the OM and two descriptive case studies (Sydney 2000 and Vancouver 2010) were built using interviews and archival materials.
Findings showed how the growth of the Games has culminated in the increased use and importance of legacy, leading to greater concept complexity. This resulted in the emergence of several trends including: new legacy themes, heightened interconnectedness, and formalization of governance mechanisms. Institutional theory was then applied to further explore the emergence of legacy and its habitualization, objectification, and sedimentation as an accepted norm in the Olympic Field. The examination of the legacy governance networks in the two cases showed four legacy network governance phases: legacy conceptualization, legacy planning and implementation, legacy transfer, and post-Games legacy governance, as well as a number of governance mechanisms (e.g., contracts, policies) that had an impact on the overall governance of the event’s legacy. Finally, a critical analysis of the governance of Olympic Games legacy was completed. The end result of the research project was a theoretical framework detailing the levels and fluidity of legacy governance in the OM.
6
Lovett, Emily L. « Exploring the London 2012 Olympic legacy experiences of a non-host city : a policy based case study of those delivering sport in Birmingham before and after the Games ». Thesis, University of Chester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620374.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In bidding to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the London bid committee promised a range of ambitious legacies. Planning for legacy pre-Games was a relatively new aspect of event planning (Leopkey & Parent, 2009). For the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) and the Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS), the sporting legacy from London 2012 was intended to be experienced across Britain. As such, a significant impact was expected on the sporting lives of people in non-host areas. To this extent it seems entirely appropriate, therefore, to examine the attempts to establish a ‘legacy’ in a city outside of London. Birmingham, one of the most populated cities in the UK, is therefore the focus of this study. The aim of this project was to investigate the legacy experiences of those delivering sport in Birmingham prior to, and soon after, the Games. This research was conducted from a figurational approach. A case study design was used to provide a detailed insight into a complex network of people and their perceptions that influence sport policy and development. The methods employed within this case study include documentary analysis of national policy documents and semi-structured interviews with key personnel in Birmingham. Interviews were conducted in the months prior to the Games and follow-up telephone interviews several months after the Games.
7
Shirai, Hiromasa. « The evolving vision of the Olympic legacy : the development of the mixed-use Olympic parks of Sydney and London ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/956/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the long history of Olympic urbanisation, the creation of an “Olympic Park” where various Olympic facilities are concentrated has been favoured by both host cities and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), due to the regenerative opportunity it presents and its management advantages during the Games. Yet the usages and financial viability of such an approach after the Games were questioned by past Olympic cities, such that turning the post-Olympic Park into a multifunctional “mixed-use” urban precinct rather than a mono-functional sporting quarter was the approach taken in Sydney and London. This thesis explores the evolution of the mixed-use vision, its governance and integration into the wider urban tissues in the pre-bid, post-bid and post-Olympic phases, through the cases of the Sydney and London Olympic Parks, and highlights the evolution from Sydney to London. This long-term analysis shows that the vision of the mixed-use Olympic Park originated as a mixture of the existing urban socio-economic aspiration and the specific spatial demands of the Olympic Games. This evolved in different planning climates, along with changes in the governance of the Olympics and legacy planning. I argue that while in the case of Sydney the governance of the legacy in each phase was confined within the designated planning timeframe and focused on the vision within the Olympic Park, London’s approach was more overlapping and extended beyond the boundary of the Olympic site, which created a considerable difference in terms of the realisation of the initial mixed-use vision and integration with adjacent neighbourhoods. Although the thesis traces the evolution from Sydney to London, it also suggests how these cities shared the limits of their entrepreneurial urban governance through the application of the public–private partnership model to legacy planning and challenges in satisfying both local and regional political aspirations for the post-Olympic Park.
8
Holt, Kristine M. « Through fire and ice| The olympic cauldron park carves a legacy ». Thesis, The University of Utah, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550645.
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In 2002, Salt Lake City joined an elite group of cities, in the world, when it hosted the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. This "once in a lifetime" chance gave the city, community, and state of Utah an opportunity to show the world a different side of the community than just the home to the peculiar people known as Mormons. The city took the chance and pulled it off beautifully. Salt Lake not only managed to stage one of the most impressive Olympic Winter Games ever but ended up with an unprecedented amount of profit. But what do you do after the party is over? In an effort to keep the spirit of the Olympics alive, the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) wanted to build a legacy park where locals and tourists could visit and relive the thrill and excitement the Olympics. The announcement of the legacy park brought great support from the people, the city, and state government officials but unfortunately, it also brought along all of the politics and personal agendas involved when working with these entities. In the end, the legacy park was merged with a park which was originally planned to showcase just the Olympic cauldron at Rice-Eccles Stadium at the University of Utah. The following thesis is the story of how the legacy park came to reside at the University of Utah, the planning and design of the park, the operations and maintenance, and the celebrations it hosted in the ten plus years since the Olympic Winter Games. This thesis focuses on whether or not the Olympic Cauldron Park served as a legitimate and appropriate legacy for the 2002 Salt Lake Olympic Winter Games and if that legacy should continue now that original contracts are expiring. Primary research was gathered through local and national newspaper articles, oral interviews, personal experience, and official documents such as contracts between SLOC and the University of Utah. As time and the outdoor elements take their toll on the park, contracts are finished and expansion of the stadium for the Pac 12 Athletic Conference pending, the future of the Olympic Cauldron Park looks bleak. Although there are plans to have some items from the park live on at another Olympic legacy destination, the Olympic Cauldron Park story needed to be told before it ceases to exist.
9
Symons, Helen M. L. « Olympic sport and the local community : a sociological study of Stratford, London ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25309.
Texte intégralRésumé :
London 2012 was the 30th Olympiad, and the third time that London had hosted an Olympic Games. The rationale for hosting the Games was to undertake a large-scale regeneration of Stratford and the East London region. The research explored the experiences of community representatives who live and/or work in East London. The research was inductive and focused on the empirical findings of the research via a sociological lens. Three overarching research themes (urban regeneration, socioculturalism, governance and economics). The original contribution to knowledge relates to the limited amount of research previously conducted which take into account all three of these overarching themes. 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed alongside official documents and newspapers using narrative thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Two main findings emerged from the analysis; Marginal Gains and the Ripple Effect. It is recognised that the positivity found throughout the presented narratives may have been present due to the time period in which the research was undertaken. Future research should focus on whether the time period has an influence on the experiences of community representatives and whether similar (economic and governance) is experienced by future host cities.
10
Hoolachan, Andrew. « Scalar politics : sustainability planning under Localism and the delivery of London's Olympic legacy ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269398.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis seeks to address a research gap concerning the relationship between the Localism Act 2011 and planning’s central purpose of achieving sustainable development. In addition it uses a physical example in urban space to illustrate the main arguments, and in doing so adds to the growing literature on the various outcomes since the Localism Act was enforced across England in 2011. The thesis asks four inter-related questions: Firstly, regarding the theoretical bases of sustainability and localism from the various ontologies of ‘scale’ and ‘the natural’; secondly, regarding the general conflicting assumptions within localism and sustainable development; thirdly, regarding the ways in which sustainable development is inherently multi-scalar; and lastly how our case study example highlights the need for policy-makers to examine the often overlooked trade-offs which exist in normative sustainable development models. The thesis also demonstrates the role that site-specific research can play in grounding theoretical and policy discussions. The research is situated in the rapidly changing sub-region of East London, particularly in the shadow of the 2012 Olympic regeneration of Stratford and the Borough of Newham. We take the example of a failed upgrade due the Localism Act, of a multi-scalar and multi-functional ‘Greenway’ to consider the relationship between localism and sustainable urbanism in the context neo-liberalism. Methods comprise site-based analysis in the form of walking, photography and note-taking, the analysis of national, metropolitan and local planning documents, as well as interviews with officials related to policy and design in the area and local residents. The research finds that national and metropolitan conceptions of sustainable development are weighted differently to those at local scales. In addition the Localism Act exacerbates planning capacities between Local Authorities and the communities they serve. There are some opportunities for neighbourhood planning but these are dependent on local capacities, widening already-existing socio-spatial inequalities. The thesis concludes by destabilising the widely used idea of sustainable development as a ‘balance’ between social, economic and environmental needs. Viewing sustainability through a scalar lens, in our case using a physical site and the policy of Localism, we are able to reveal the material differences between sustainable development agendas which have been criticised for masking over conflict in a post-political manner for the continuation of ‘status quo’ economic development trajectories.
11
Au-yeung, Wan-man Billy. « Gaining from olympic games legacy on land use improvement a study on Beijing 2008 games / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42930443.
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12
Biziouras, Sotiris A. (Sotiris Agis) 1972. « Enriching the legacy of Athens' 2004 Olympic Village : the role of information technology infrastructure ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64554.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66).
The year is 2004. Athens, the capital of Greece is hosting the Olympic Games for the first time in 108 years. Athens, to accommodate the needs of the XXVIII Olympiad, has altered the form of the city through major infrastructure projects. The Olympic Village, as one of these projects, is a place with significant information infrastructure and transformation capabilities that will contribute to the future development of Athens. In this thesis, I examine the post-Olympic development of Athens' Olympic Village. Although the Greek government has decided that the Village will be used for housing, I believe that other forms of development should be explored. Under the hypothesis that the presence of information technology infrastructure provides a unique opportunity for post-Olympic development, this thesis proposes an alternative solution for the Village's future development. Through research on the experience of previous Olympic Villages, presentation of the current situation of the Athens Olympic Village, and evaluation of the role of information technology infrastructure on urban structures, I propose an alternative post-Olympic development for the Village; a proposal that not only values the Village's role in the surrounding community but also the potential of the Village to become a major technology center which will aid the future development of Athens.
by Sotiris A. Biziouras.
M.C.P.
13
Kerr, Shane. « A sociological critique of the legacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents a sociological critique of the concept of legacy as it surrounded the London 2012 Paralympic Games. A sociological approach was adopted to challenge much of the spontaneous sociology that surrounds the ascendancy of legacy within the Olympic and Paralympic space. Legacy, disability and the Paralympic Games are the predominant structures of the research problem. The literature review attempts to present a sociology of the sociological approaches in these fields. Underpinning the research design is Bourdieu et al. s (1991) epistemological hierarchy which consists of and proceeds from the break , the construction of a conceptual framework to the empirical design. This hierarchy contributed to the repositioning of legacy from the pursuit of cause and effect, or rather away from the pursuit of legitimacy and illegitimacy, of London 2012 to a study of the proposed and imposed causes and effects, legitimations and illegitimations of it. Aligned to this repositioning is the primary collection of data through interviews with five different institutional fields: government, media, corporate sponsors, disability sport and disability institutions. The research findings present a positional analysis of the inter- and intra-relations of these respective fields. In the discussion key symbolic struggles and issues are presented for each field with particular attention given to the development of the positive leaning and legitimising best ever Paralympic narrative and to the commercial and political legitimacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games. It is concluded that legacy is ultimately a symbolic struggle of different visions of respective agents and institutions that are unable to achieve these absolute visions or ends.
14
Bretherton, Paul. « Corporate Social Responsibility at London 2012 : discourses of sport and activity promotion at the Olympic Games ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16210.
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The unique potential of sport as a site for the delivery of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has received increasing academic attention in recent years (e.g. Smith & Westerbeek, 2007). However, this literature has been said to have held 'relatively static conceptualisations of CSR through sport' (Dowling, Robinson & Washington, 2013, p. 270), and it could similarly be argued that insufficient attention has been given to the broader social contexts in which it has been delivered. This study therefore aimed to understand more about sport - and the Olympic Games - as a site for the delivery of CSR, using the specific context of private sector sponsor-led CSR schemes based upon the sport and physical activity participation legacy of London 2012. Three separate stages of qualitative data collection were conducted. The first comprised a thematic analysis of macro level policy discourse produced by official Olympic 'legacy actors' in relation to the proclaimed sport and activity legacy of the Games. The second stage also used thematic analysis in order to establish how 20 sponsors rationalised their CSR activity around the Games and how six who organised programmes involving either sport or activity participation justified these. The third stage comprised a series of semi-structured interviews with representatives of three Olympic sponsors and three charity delivery partners who co-operated in the delivery of specific CSR schemes. Once data was organised into themes, data analysis was informed by a governmentality perspective in order to help understand the respective roles of public and private sector organisations in not just the delivery of CSR, but also in 'governing' society in the broadest sense of the term.
15
Au-yeung, Wan-man Billy, et 歐陽允文. « Gaining from olympic games legacy on land use improvement : a study on Beijing 2008 games ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42930443.
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Farndon, D. « Planning for socially just outcomes : planners, politics and power in the Olympic legacy planning process ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1508299/.
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This thesis explores whether mega event-driven development can achieve socially just planning outcomes by investigating how the development in London’s Olympic Park regeneration masterplan - the Legacy Communities Scheme (LCS) planning application - was rationalised by the actors involved (particularly planners), and assesses whether the LCS’s planning outcomes were socially just. The thesis firstly critically reviews conceptualisations of social justice within the planning and urban studies literature, thus informing a normative framework of ‘socially just planning outcomes’, adapted from Fainstein’s three ‘Just City’ principles, against which to assess the LCS. This theoretical framing is accompanied by an examination into the functioning of power in the planning decision-making process, drawing from analytical concepts relating to agency, agenda setting, and rationality. Through analysis of the LCS application’s documentation and in-depth stakeholder interviews, the main planning outcomes of the LCS are established, focusing on housing, employment, open space, and education land uses. How actors engaged in the LCS’s planning decision-making process reflected on and rationalised their support/objections to these outcomes is then examined. Subsequently, the role of power in shaping the LCS is discussed, with consideration to the exceptional governance arrangements, technical expertise, agenda setting, and the consensual, ‘closed-door’ approach to decision making. The thesis concludes that the LCS only partially provides outcomes that meet the ‘Legacy promises’ and the ‘socially just planning outcomes’ criteria. These outcomes closely align with national government objectives to ensure the delivery of the ‘Legacy’ development and recoup Olympic expenditure. This was primarily secured by the LCS applicant’s technical viability rationalisations, premised on maximising financial returns, which were largely accepted by the planners within the Olympic planning authority when assessing the LCS. This constrained the application of local planning policy and development objectives, and thus the influence of rationalisations advanced by the Boroughs’ planners and councillors.
17
Davis, Juliet. « Urbanising the event : how past processes, present politics and future plans shape London's Olympic legacy ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/382/.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate issues connected with planning urban futures from scratch and, conversely, with the development of long-term planning frameworks, by focussing on designs for the 'Legacy' transformation of the 2012 Olympic site. 2012 Games bid organisers claimed that Olympic-related investments would stimulate in east London - a region characterised by de-industrialisation and deprivation - the 'regeneration of an entire community for the direct benefit of everyone who lives there' (IOC, p. 19). The development of a long-term plan for the Olympic site post-2012 was said to be key in realising this objective, providing the basis for leveraging ongoing investment and restructuring east London's economy. I am interested in how conceptions of regeneration and legacy are formulated and evidenced in plans for the site's future and in what these mean for 'community' - historic, present and imagined constituencies of local residents and workers. Olympic sceptics argue that the problem with projected Olympic legacies is that there is all too little guarantee that they will actually come to fruition. Meanwhile, regenerations of other post-industrial sites in London are said to have produced unevenly distributed benefits, least advancing the prospects of those dispossessed by redevelopment and poorer, residual constituencies. This research considers how urban designs: a) frame future benefits connected with London 2012, and; b) mediate between the Olympic site as found, the needs and interests of local people and urban policy and planning objectives. Mixed methods and interdisciplinary perspectives are employed in examining conceptions and in empirically exploring the site's transformation from 2005 to 2010. Aside from the major themes of legacy and regeneration, chapters are linked through attention on how transforming relationships between authorities and owners influence forms of urbanisation and use. These transformations help to reveal both actual and potential outcomes of 2012's legacy plans.
18
Fung, Chi-keong, et 馮志強. « Legacy and ephemerality of city mega-events : urban regeneration and governance in London 2012 Olympic Games ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885091.
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The concept of entrepreneurial city has remained relevant and popular since its first emergence several decades ago. Among the strategies adopted, hosting city mega-events is still widely applied by city governments to attract international visitors, businesses and investments. Alongside the software programs of the events, entrepreneurial cities will also prepare them with extensive construction and infrastructure projects, taking the opportunity to capitalize in the events and equally importantly fast-track the development and growth agenda with the political imperative generated.
Mega-event led urban regeneration emerges as one model under these entrepreneurially catalyzed agenda. As a commercially-focused and economically-oriented approach fundamentally built in the entrepreneurial strategy, hosting mega-event will lead to the formation of a growth coalition which profits from the increase in land exchange values resulting from the general urban growth process. The continuous strengthening of the coalition will eventually compromise the use values, which include the social network and the sense of community of the local residents affected by the development. The model therefore embodies an inherent conflict in delivering regeneration. The study examines this model using the perspective of urban governance and focuses on the power relation between the state, the private sector and the community involved in the regeneration process.
The current London 2012 Olympic Games, which positions itself a regeneration Games, is the latest and explicit attempt to apply this model. Following a series of other entrepreneurial regeneration initiatives in East London, the London 2012 Games represents another entrepreneurial initiative employing similar mechanisms of public-private partnership and privatization approaches, only with a far greater scale. The political imperative brought by the Games has prompted the proactive participation of the state in the common growth agenda shared by the coalition. With the political, legal and financial resources transferred from the government to the private sector to ensure a successful spectacle, the growth coalition following this mega-event is a state-led powerful one which contributes largely to its domination in the urban politics. Episodes of community displacement, disadvantaged residents in bargaining for future development plan, and compromised regeneration gains have been consequently observed in the Olympic site and its immediate surrounding areas. Affirming the inherent conflict embedded in the mega-event led urban regeneration model, the London Games risks deepening social polarization and gentrification. While the progress examined so far covers only the Games initiation and preparation stage, the governance approach can still be reverted in the coming legacy delivery stage to realize a genuine regeneration. This will depend largely on the new roles the state power will take in the on-going process of the Games.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
19
Abedi, Solaleh, Marvin Lannefeld, Elizabeth Moore et Elin Olsson. « Sustainable Physical Legacy Development via Large-Scale International Sport Events ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19634.
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In an increasingly urban society, cities pose both challenges and opportunities to move towards a more sustainable society. This study examines the role of large-scale international sport events in sustainable development within host cities, with a focus on the physical legacies that they leave behind. The research seeks to offer guidance to enhance sustainable physical legacy development, informed by Games’ strategy documents, impacts on host cities and professional opinions. The research was conducted using three key methods: an examination of key strategy documents, a literature review of academic and grey literature to record infrastructure projects and interviews with professionals who had worked with four specific Games (Vancouver 2010, London 2012, Gold Coast 2018 and Birmingham 2022). The findings implied that social infrastructure and transport projects were most commonly recorded and that the sport event industry operates with a Triple Bottom Line understanding of sustainability. Based on the findings, a design thinking framework was used to design and propose guidelines. The guidelines recommend a shift to the 3-nested dependencies model and propose the development of key skills (leadership for sustainability and flexibility) and key actions (sustainability education/communication and audit).
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Vadiati, Niloufar [Verfasser], et Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] Grabher. « Career Legacy of the London Olympic Games 2012 - Among Local East Londoners / Niloufar Vadiati ; Betreuer : Gernot Grabher ». Hamburg : HafenCity Universität Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173703667/34.
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Gratão, Otávio Augusto. « Valores humanos, jogos olímpicos e envolvimento : uma pesquisa com os alunos e profissionais de educação física ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/109/109131/tde-04062018-144809/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Uma das principais metas do Movimento Olímpico é o desenvolvimento de valores humanos por meio dos valores olímpicos que são definidos como valores contidos no âmbito olímpico, e mais ainda, os valores de nossa sociedade como um todo, dada a presença e importância do esporte na história e formação da humanidade (BINDER, 2012). Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a relação entre a percepção que estudantes e profissionais de educação física têm de valores humanos e o envolvimento com os Jogos Olímpicos (JO) Rio 2016. A amostra foi composta por 317 estudantes e profissionais de educação física que responderam a um questionário em que para mensurar a percepção dos valores foi utilizada a Escala de Educação e Valores Olímpicos (EEVO-36) que foi respondida em escala de Likert de 5 pontos e para o envolvimento foram utilizadas escalas de Shank e Beasley (1998) tanto para mensurar envolvimento comportamental como atitudinal. Os resultados mostraram que o valor trabalho em equipe afeta e é afetado por valores de excelência e autocontrole, e também é afetado pelo fator envolvimento atitudinal, contudo, excelência e autocontrole não afetam um ao outro. Desta forma, percebe-se como a variável trabalho em equipe parece ser a variável que conecta as demais. Mediante aos resultados, foi possível concluir que existe uma necessidade de uma estratégia de alavancagem do legado valores humanos voltados para estudantes e profissionais de educação física para que o Movimento Olímpico atinja seu objetivo de disseminar valores humanos por meio dos JO.One of the main goals of the Olympic Movement is the development of human values through olympic values. Olympic values are defined as values contained within the Olympic framework, and even more so, the values of our society as a whole, given the presence and importance of sport in the history and formation of mankind (BINDER, 2012). These values seem to be closely related to the activity of physical education professionals. Thus, this study aimed to describe the relationship between the perception that students and professionals in physical education have of human values and involvement with the Rio 2016 Olympic Games (OG). The subjects were 317 students and professionals in physical education. To measure the perception of values, the Olympic Values and Education Scale (EEVO-36) was used, which was answered on a Likert scale of 5 points. For the involvement, scales of Shank and Beasley (1998) were used both to measure behavioral and attitudinal involvement. The results showed that the value of teamwork affects and is affected by values of excellence and self-control. However, excellence and selfcontrol do not affect one another. It was also found that teamwork is affected by the attitudinal involvement factor. In this way, one can see how the variable teamwork seems to be the variable that connects the others. It is concluded that there is a need for a strategy of leveraging the legacy human values aimed at students and physical education professionals so that the Olympic Movement achieves its goal of disseminating human values through the OG.
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Brondani, Roberta Ferreira. « Rio e o país das maravilhas : uma análise do Brasil sustentável nas estratégias de comunicação dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 / ». Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192142.
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Orientador: José Carlos MarquesResumo: Em 2016 os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos foram realizados no Brasil, o primeiro país da América do Sul a receber essas competições, as quais contaram com a participação de aproximadamente 15 mil atletas de mais de 200 países. O conceito de sustentabilidade foi muito utilizado na divulgação das Olimpíadas de 2016 como uma das maneiras de justificar o investimento que foi realizado, principalmente, ao afirmar que as benfeitorias ficariam como legado para a população, contribuindo para a inclusão social, o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida dos moradores da capital carioca e de todo o Brasil. Mesmo antes do início das competições já era possível notar que algumas das promessas ficariam apenas no papel, pois não puderam ser concluídas para a realização dos Jogos no país. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar como a sustentabilidade foi utilizada pelo Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro, especificamente nos Jogos Olímpicos, em sua estratégia de comunicação, para transmitir a ideia de que os jogos seriam sustentáveis e deixariam um legado positivo para a população. Como metodologia foi utilizada uma pesquisa de campo nos locais onde ocorreram as competições e a Análise de Conteúdo das matérias publicadas no site oficial dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 por meio do Portal Abraça Sustentabilidade e da transmissão televisiva da Cerimônia de Abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos realizada pela emissora Rede Globo.
Abstract: In 2016, the Olympic and Paralympic Games were held in Brazil, the first country in South Amer-ica to host these competitions, which were attended by approximately 15,000 athletes from more than 200 countries. The concept of sustainability was widely used in the disclosure of the 2016 Olympics as one of the ways to justify the investment that was made, mainly, by stating that the improvements would remain a legacy for the population, contributing to social inclusion, well-being and the quality of life of residents of the capital of Rio de Janeiro and of all of Brazil. Even before the start of the competitions, it was already possible to notice that some of the promises would remain only on paper, as they could not be concluded for the Games in the country. The objective of the research is to analyze how sustainability was used by the Brazilian Olympic Committee, specifically at the Olympic Games, in its communication strategy, to convey the idea that the games would be sustainable and leave a positive legacy for the population. As a method-ology, a field research was used in the places where the competitions took place and the Content Analysis of the articles published on the official website of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games through the Abraça Sustentabilidade Portal and the television broadcast of the Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Games held by the broadcaster Rede Globo.
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Chen, Shushu. « An evaluation of the sub-regional legacy/impacts of the London 2012 Olympic Games in a non-hosting sub-region : a case study of Leicestershire ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14720.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis evaluates the legacy/impact of the London 2012 Games for a non-hosting sub-region Leicestershire, principally through evaluations of four legacy-programmes (i.e. the Workplace Challenge, Get Set, Sport Makers, and Games Makers programmes), drawing conclusions about lessons learned from the Leicestershire 2012 legacy experience. The selection of Leicestershire as a non-hosting sub-region reflects the fact that little is known about the legacy/ impact of the Games in such contexts. The nature of Olympic legacy evaluation is considered as a complex, wide-ranging, and multi-staged process. This thesis thus focuses on two main areas: i) conducting a systematic review of the literature (covering the period 1996-2011) to explore and establish an understanding of the concepts of Olympic legacy , and evidenced legacy/impact of hosting the Olympics in previous Games; ii) assessing the extent to which the London 2012 Games had impacted on the changed legacy outcomes for Leicestershire through realist evaluations. Together with realist evaluations, analytic logic models and the assessment of additionality approaches are adopted in this study, focusing on the four legacy-programmes evaluations, wherein quantitative and/or qualitative methodology are utilised in order to identify the causal mechanisms that produced the anticipated/unanticipated effects in their specific contexts. This study is an empirical example of the application of the realist evaluation and assessment of additionality. It also produces an evidence base for policy analysis in order to inform stakeholders thinking regarding sustaining the legacy of the Games and any future major sporting events by identifying lessons learned for non-hosting contexts.
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Hayday, Emily Jane. « The impact of London 2012 Olympic Games on community based sport in the UK : the role of NGBs in leveraging a participation legacy ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61594/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a Sports Mega Event (SME), the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, and the specific legacy objective that was set to increase grass-root sports participation. This research aimed to investigate the leveraging processes that were used to try to achieve this objective, through National Governing Bodies (NGBs) who were outlined by Sport England (SE) as the main delivery agent to support the participation initiatives associated to the London 2012 Games (Sport England, 2008). Through the community sports delivery system, NGBs have a network of Voluntary Sports Clubs (VSCs) that were utilised as the main delivery agents across the country. The theory of policy implementation was applied to investigate the processes and practices involved for these organisations both 'top down' (NGBs) and 'bottom up' (VSCs), to better understand their attitudes and experiences surrounding the London 2012 Games. Governance of sports organisations is highly correlated to the process of policy implementation within NGBs and their associated networks. The top-down and bottom-up implementation processes, mirror the modification within the governance literature, through an attrition of governmental power, policy delivery and governance shifted towards a bottom-up approach through partnerships and networks (Bevir and Rhodes, 2006; Grix, 2010). This was investigated through two main studies, firstly through a multi case study design, with four non-popular English sports. This study took a bottom-up approach, in which 32 interviews were undertaken primarily with the VSCs (n=25), the delivery agents of the participation objective, then additionally with NGB head office staff (n=7) to investigate their opinions of the legacy implementation process within their sport surrounding the legacy objectives. The significance of investigating these non-popular sports, related to the distinctive opportunity that a home Olympic and Paralympic Games provided them. The second study involved a top-down analysis with NGB senior managers, to gain an insight into how they perceive SMEs and the impact this had on leveraging and implementation strategies, which aimed to increase sports participation. An exploratory, in-depth, mixed method online survey was conducted post London 2012 and 105 responses were received from NGB senior and regional managers. These responses accounted for 37 out of 46 Sport England funded sports producing an extensive representative sample within the sector. This provided a more comprehensive understanding of the sports delivery system and the elements that are involved in legacy production. Results provided new insights into the specific attitudes and significant role that these key stakeholders involved with the legacy production process have, which up to this point has been missing within the academic discourse. Across both studies issues surrounding communication, VSC engagement and attitudes were noted, relating to the importance of building partnerships at both a national and local level and the benefits of social media as a leveraging strategy. Principally, NGBs need to ensure they involve Voluntary Sports Clubs (VSCs) in the SMEs planning stages and the current top-down implementation process is leading to a fragmented delivery system. To limit this, NGBs need to develop a clearer understanding of their VSCs characteristics across their network, as findings highlighted the negative feelings and misuse of some clubs, reducing the efficiency of legacy creation. Thus, by allowing flexibility for informal legacies to emerge and by providing support to VSC stakeholders that may need up-skilling, the SMEs can be capitalised on effectively. Results highlighted that external media had a greater impact on participation and interest, than individual participation programmes for VSCs. Valuable findings emerged throughout the thesis and resulted in beneficial recommendations for future SMEs hosts. Critical Realism (CR) was used as a guiding philosophical perspective to aid understanding and analysis of leveraging and legacy conceptualisation.
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Griffin, Danielle. « Sport and Canadian anti-apartheid policy : a political and diplomatic history c.1968-c.1980 ». Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7432.
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In the 1970s the Canadian government took a strong stand against apartheid sport policies. Despite Canada’s limited sporting links with South Africa, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau and his Liberal government took on a leading Commonwealth position in promoting the isolation of South African sport. The catalyst for this leadership was Canada as host of two ‘mega’ sporting events during the 1970s - the 1976 Montréal Olympics and the 1978 Edmonton Commonwealth Games. This thesis focuses on the progression and adoption of new policies and initiatives which looked to strengthen Canada’s foreign policies dealing with apartheid sport while promoting these initiatives within the Commonwealth. Canada, a senior member of the association, had proved itself to be a key ally of newly independent Commonwealth nations throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s. These nations looked to Canada for guidance. Along with taking on a stronger Commonwealth position during the Trudeau era, Canada also looked to increase its international presence by focusing less on its traditional ties with the United States and more on forging relationships with a variety of newer nations. As Canada looked outside its borders to assert itself, within the country regionalism was on the rise with the advent of Québec separatism. All these factors played a major role in the development of Canadian foreign policy during the 1970s. This thesis focuses on the balance between internal and external pressures for change and how changes unfolded in light of Canada holding two mega sporting events in quick progression. From 1968 to 1980, Trudeau dominated Canadian politics. An engaging figure, he came to power promoting his notion of a ‘Just Society’ and looking to expand Canada’s international prestige. Newly opened archives of the External Affairs Department at the Library and Archives Canada show that Trudeau played a key role in the development of Canada’s new policies, especially during the period of 1975 to 1978. The wide range of primary sources consulted, many recently opened through Access to Information and Privacy requests, alongside a variety of sources from voluntary associations, analysed in this thesis provide a fulsome, chronological narrative of how Canada moved to the forefront of the Commonwealth and the association’s movement to isolate South African apartheid sport.
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Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes. « Distributive justice and transportation equity : inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3552ca9f-25c0-4d2f-acdd-0649de911afc.
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Public transport policies play a key role in shaping the social and spatial structure of cities. These policies influence how easily people can access opportunities, including health and educational services and job positions. The accessibility impacts of transport policies thus have important implications for social inequalities and for the promotion of just and inclusive cities. However, in the transportation literature, there is still little theoretically informed understanding of justice and what it means in the context of transport policies. Moreover, few studies have moved beyond descriptive analyses of accessibility inequalities to evaluate how much those inequalities result from transport policies themselves. This is particularly true in cities from the global South, where accessibility and equity have so far remained marginal concerns in the policy realm. This thesis builds on theories of distributive justice and examines how they can guide the evaluation of transport policies and plans. It points to pathways for rigorous assessment of the accessibility impacts of transport policies and it contributes to current discussions on transportation equity. A justice framework is developed to assess the distributional effects of transport policies. This framework is then applied to evaluate recent transport policies developed in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in preparation to host sports mega-events, such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, which included substantial expansion of the rail and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) infrastructure. This research presents ex-post analyses of the policies implemented between 2014 and 2017 and ex-ante analysis of an as yet unfinished BRT project. It evaluates how the planned transport legacy of those mega-events impacted accessibility to sports venues, healthcare facilities, public schools and job opportunities for different income groups. The results show that there were overall accessibility benefits from the expansion in transport infrastructure between 2014 and 2017, but these were generally offset by the reduction in bus service levels that followed an economic crisis that hit the city after the Olympics. Quasi-counterfactual analysis suggests that, even if the city had not been hit by the economic crisis, recent transport investments related to mega-events would have led to higher accessibility gains for wealthier groups and increased inequalities in access to opportunities. Results suggest that those investments had, or would have had, greater impact on inequalities of access to jobs than in access to schools and healthcare facilities. The evaluation of the future accessibility impacts of the unfinished BRT corridor, nonetheless, indicates that such project could significantly improve access to job opportunities for a large share of Rio's population, particularly lower-income groups. Spatial analysis techniques show that the magnitude and statistical significance of these results depend on the spatial scale and travel time threshold selected for cumulative opportunity accessibility analysis. These results demonstrate that the ad-hoc methodological choices of accessibility analysis commonly used in the academic and policy literature can change the conclusions of equity assessments of transportation projects.
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Harguess, Desirée Marie. « Preserving sports legacies : a case study on the 1968 U.S. Olympic Team Oral History Project ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5862.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The central question of this thesis is: How (and why) do we preserve sports legacies? Based on my research and experiences as the project coordinator for the 1968 U.S. Olympic Team Oral History Project at the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports, this thesis examines the social meanings of sports legacies and the rationale behind their preservation. I propose that sports legacies are located at the intersection of culture, memory and history; at the same time, on an individual level, sports legacies are also a form of symbolic immortality. This thesis conceptualizes sports legacies as contested terrain in which individuals and communities engage in continual negotiations on meaning and struggles over representation. Consequently, I propose that public history and oral history are the medium and methodology best suited to sports legacy preservation. Finally, I outline the process by which the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports is preserving the legacy of the 1968 U.S. Olympic Team. This thesis explains how and why we are preserving the legacy of this particular sports team and serves as a blueprint that others may use for preserving sports legacies.text
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Molnar, Adam. « In the Shadow of the Spectacle : Security and Policing Legacies of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5362.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International sporting events such as the Olympics and FIFA World Cup can affect entire economies, democratic regimes, juridical structures, urban architectures, organizational capacities, and political communities. Whether positively or negatively, undertaking a major sporting event such as the Olympics or FIFA World Cup represents a distinct opportunity for the host-city to embark on the largest ever domestic logistical project ever undertaken within the countries’ borders, which can lead to considerable degrees of short-, medium-, and long-term impacts on a vast array of groups and organizations spanning the public-private divide. Accordingly, the International Olympic Committee has seized on the discourse of legacy to promote and expand the social and political value of infrastructural projects associated with the Games. Over the same period that legacy became a mainstream discourse in the Olympic industry; investment in security, surveillance, and policing infrastructure to protect major sports events simultaneously grew to approximately 20-50% of all expenditures associated with the hosting of an Olympic event. As the discourse of legacy gained currency with Olympic developments, any discourse of security legacies has remained woefully disregarded. Early studies that acknowledge the prevalence of security legacies at major events have focused on event-to-event cases, or have otherwise listed security legacy variables in the absence of any theoretical framework that explains how security governance legacies emerge and endure after the major event has ended. This dissertation presents a robust theoretical framework to address the security governance legacies flowing from the Vancouver 2010 Olympics. Through empirical case-studies, it details how such investments in security, surveillance, and policing infrastructure often become institutionalized as security governance assemblages that persist after the major event has ended. In particular, the chapters address legacies of redeployable public video surveillance, public-order policing, civilian-military integration, and the legacies of the private security industry. The security governance legacies of the 2010 Games involves significant changes within security, intelligence, and policing assemblages in Vancouver, and Canada as a whole. The dissertation concludes with a discussion on how security governance assemblages from the Vancouver 2010 Olympics might further inform notions of function-creep in the surveillance studies literature.Graduate
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Berekoff, Thomas P. « The philanthropic potential of the 2010 XXI Winter Olympics to build the legacies from the games / ». 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Zarzani, Alessia. « La métabolisation des Jeux Olympiques : capacité transformative et héritage des méga-événements dans le paysage urbain ». Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19974.
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