Bibliographies thématiques / Olivine basalt

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Olivine basalt »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Huo, Yonglin, Guilu Qin, Jichuan Huo, Xingquan Zhang et Yongchang Zhu. « Crystallization Kinetics of Basalt Glass-Ceramics Produced from Olivine Basalt Rock ». Crystals 12, no 7 (24 juin 2022) : 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070899.

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Glass-ceramics acquired from the melting of rocks have a vast application marketplace. In this study, an olivine basalt rock from Zhangjiakou in China was selected as a raw material to prepare basalt glass-ceramics, and the crystallization kinetics of olivine basalt glass was investigated using differential thermal analysis. Polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results revealed that the main mineral compositions of olivine basalt are plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and iron oxide(s). Three crystallization peaks were observed in the DSC curve of the olivine basalt glass. The Avrami exponent (n), apparent activation energies for the crystallization, and glass transition of basalt glass were determined using the Owaza method based on data obtained from isothermal measurements. The crystallization activation energies (E) of the three crystallization peaks of olivine basalt glass were 314.20 kJ/mol, 1232.49 kJ/mol, and 696.89 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition to this, the crystal growth index indicated that the crystallization mode in the olivine basalt glass was surface crystallization. The crystallization phases and microstructure of the olivine basalt glass heated at 860 °C, 1100 °C, and 1180 °C were also studied. The conclusions obtained offer some useful information for the preparation of basalt glass-ceramics from olivine basalt rocks.
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Riehle, J. R., J. R. Budahn, M. A. Lanphere et D. A. Brew. « Rare earth element contents and multiple mantle sources of the transform-related Mount Edgecumbe basalts, southeastern Alaska ». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no 5 (1 mai 1994) : 852–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-078.

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Pleistocene basalt of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field (MEF) is subdivided into a plagioclase type and an olivine type. Olivine basalt crops out farther inboard from the nearby Fairweather transform than plagioclase basalt. Th/La ratios of plagioclase basalt are similar to those of mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB), whereas those of olivine basalt are of continental affinity. The olivine basalt has higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the plagioclase basalt.We model rare earth element (REE) contents of the olivine basalt, which resemble those of transitional MORB, by 10–15% partial melting of fertile spinel–plagioclase lherzolite followed by removal of 8–13% olivine. Normative mineralogy indicates melting in the spinel stability field. REE contents of an undersaturated basalt (sample 5L005) resemble those of Mauna Loa tholeiite and are modelled by 5–10% partial melting of fertile garnet lherzolite followed by 10% olivine removal. Plagioclase basalt resembles sample 5L005 in REE contents but is lower in other incompatible-element contents and 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Plagioclase basalt either originated in depleted garnet lherzolite or is a mixture of sample 5L005 and normal MORB; complex zoning of plagioclase and colinear Sc and Th contents are consistent with magma mixing.We conclude that olivine basalt originated in subcontinental spinel lherzolite and that plagioclase basalt may have originated in suboceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate. Lithospheric melting seemingly requires vertical flow of mantle material, although there is no direct evidence at the MEF for crustal extension that might provide a mechanism for mantle advection. In any case, most MEF magmas are subalkaline because of moderately high degrees of partial melting at shallow depth.
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Abdel-Karim, Abdel-Aal M., El-Nuri M. Ramadan et Mohamed R. Embashi. « Multiphase Alkaline Basalts of Central Al-Haruj Al-Abyad of Libya : Petrological and Geochemical Aspects ». Journal of Geological Research 2013 (18 juin 2013) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/805451.

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Al-Haruj basalts that represent the largest volcanic province in Libya consist of four lava flow phases of varying thicknesses, extensions, and dating. Their eruption is generally controlled by the larger Afro-Arabian rift system. The flow phases range from olivine rich and/or olivine dolerites to olivine and/or normal basalts that consist mainly of variable olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and glass. Olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene form abundant porphyritic crystals. In olivine-rich basalt and olivine basalt, these minerals occur as glomerophyric or seriate clusters of an individual mineral or group of minerals. Groundmass textures are variably intergranular, intersertal, vitrophyric, and flow. The pyroclastic, clastogenic flows and/or ejecta of the volcanic cones show porphyritic, vitrophric, pilotaxitic, and vesicular textures. They are classified into tholeiite, alkaline, and olivine basalts. Three main groups are recorded. Basalts of phase 1 are generated from tholeiitic to alkaline magma, while those of phases 3 and 4 are derived from alkaline magma. It is proposed that the tholeiitic basalts represent prerift stage magma generated by higher degree of partial melting (2.0–3.5%) of garnet-peridotite asthenospheric mantle source, at shallow depth, whereas the dominant alkaline basalts may represent the rift stage magma formed by low degree of partial melting (0.7–1.5%) and high fractionation of the same source, at greater depth in an intra-continental plate with OIB affinity. The melt generation could be also attributed to lithosphere extension associated with passive rise of variable enriched mantle.
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MOMME, PETER, et J. RICHARD WILSON. « The Kraemer Island macrodyke, East Greenland : solidification of a flood basalt conduit ». Geological Magazine 139, no 2 (mars 2002) : 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801006070.

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The Kraemer Island macrodyke that is exclusively exposed on Kraemer Island about 7 km west of the Skaergaard Intrusion belongs to a regional dyke swarm termed the ‘Skaergaard-like dykes’ (or FG-1 dykes). Weakly modally layered olivine gabbros dominate the exposed parts of the intrusion that has a width of 650 m to 1000 m. Plagioclase (core An68±2) and Ca-rich pyroxene (core Mg no. 79±1) grains are normally zoned, whereas olivine grains (Fo50–65) are homogeneous. Calculated mineral–magma equilibria, based on experimentally determined Mg–Fe magma–olivine and magma–clinopyroxene partition coefficients, suggest that the observed olivine and clinopyroxene compositions in the gabbros cannot have formed from a common parental magma. The unzoned nature of olivine grains and their iron-rich com-positions relative to clinopyroxene suggest post-cumulus Mg–Fe exchange between olivine and interstitial melt. A gabbroic pegmatite is developed in the centre of the intrusion along its entire exposed 5 km strike length. Here, mineral zonation is limited and compositions are similar to rims of cumulus minerals in the enveloping olivine gabbros. The pegmatite could therefore represent interstitial melt mobilized from gabbroic cumulates that later accumulated and crystallized at its present stratigraphic location. Cumulus olivines in the gabbros are close to equilibrium with Ca-rich pyroxene in the pegmatite. This is interpreted as reflecting interstitial melt mobility during the late stages of solidification of the macrodyke. Chilled margins are well preserved at the intrusion margins and are rich in Fe (14–15.3% FeOTOT), Ti (3–3.3% TiO2) and light rare-earth elements ([La/Sm]N = 1.2–1.3), similar to magmas well represented in the overlying sequence of contemporaneous High-Ti Series flood basalts. It is therefore likely that extensive wall-rock melting adjacent to the macrodyke reflects continuous feeding of the overlying flood basalts through the Kraemer Island macrodyke.
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Gavrilenko, Maxim, Claude Herzberg, Christopher Vidito, Michael J. Carr, Travis Tenner et Alexey Ozerov. « A Calcium-in-Olivine Geohygrometer and its Application to Subduction Zone Magmatism ». Journal of Petrology 57, no 9 (25 novembre 2016) : 1811–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egw062.

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High-precision electron microprobe analyses were obtained on olivine grains from Klyuchevskoy, Shiveluch and Gorely volcanoes in the Kamchatka Arc; Irazú, Platanar and Barva volcanoes of the Central American Arc; and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) from the Siqueiros Transform. Calcium contents of these subduction zone olivines are lower than those for olivines from modern MORB, Archean komatiite and Hawaii. A role for magmatic H2O is likely for subduction zone olivines, and we have explored the suggestion of earlier workers that it has affected the partitioning of CaO between olivine and silicate melt. We provide a provisional calibration of DCaOOl/L as a function of magmatic MgO and H2O, based on nominally anhydrous experiments and minimally degassed H2O contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Application of our geohygrometer typically yields 3–4 wt % magmatic H2O at the Kamchatka and Central American arcs for olivines having ∼1000 ppm Ca, which agrees with H2O maxima from melt inclusion studies; Cerro Negro and Shiveluch volcanoes are exceptions, with about 6% H2O. High-precision electron microprobe analyses with 10–20 μm spatial resolution on some olivine grains from Klyuchevskoy and Shiveluch show a decrease in Ca content from the core centers to the rim contacts, and a sharp increase in Ca in olivine rims. We suggest that the zoning of Ca in olivine from subduction zone lavas may provide the first petrological record of temporal changes that occur during hydration of the mantle wedge and dehydration during ascent, and we predict olivine H2O contents that can be tested by secondary ionization mass spectrometry analysis.
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Donaldson, Colin H. « The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt ». Mineralogical Magazine 49, no 354 (décembre 1985) : 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.07.

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AbstractThe dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates that the dissolution rates are dictated by a combination of diffusion and convection of components to and from the crystal-liquid interface. Values for the activation enthalpy of dissolution are small for quartz and plagioclase (40–50 kcal mol−1) but large for olivine 73–118 kcal mol−1). Dissolution of plagioclase in rock melts seems to be a much more rapid process than crystal growth, whereas olivines apparently dissolve and grow at similar rates. Crystal dissolution is sufficiently slow that ascending, crystal-bearing magma may become superheated and yet fail to dissolve the crystal fraction before quenching; this may be the reason that olivine phenocrysts are often rounded.
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Shea, Joshua J., et Stephen F. Foley. « Evidence for a Carbonatite-Influenced Source Assemblage for Intraplate Basalts from the Buckland Volcanic Province, Queensland, Australia ». Minerals 9, no 9 (10 septembre 2019) : 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090546.

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Eastern Australia contains a widespread suite of primitive (MgO ≥ 7.5 wt.%) intraplate basaltic provinces, including those sited along the longest continental hotspot track on Earth (≈2000 km), the Cosgrove track. The Buckland volcanic province is the most southerly basaltic province on the Cosgrove track before a >1600 km stretch that contains only sparse leucitite volcanism. Buckland is also situated just northeast of the edge of thick cratonic lithosphere where it transitions to a thinner continental lithosphere (<110 km) to the east, which may influence the production of plume-derived melts. Here, analysis of minor and trace elements in olivines in alkali basalts and basanites from the Buckland Province are combined with whole-rock compositions to elucidate the mantle source assemblages, and to calibrate minor and trace element indicators in olivine for application to source mineralogy. Olivine xenocrysts show element concentration ranges typical for peridotites; Mn and Al concentrations indicate that the ambient mantle is spinel, rather than garnet, peridotite. High modal pyroxene content is indicated by high Ni, Zn/Fe, and Fe/Mn in olivines, while high Ti/Sc is consistent with amphibole in the source. Residual phlogopite in the source of the basanites is indicated by low K/Nb in whole rocks, while apatite contains high P2O5 and low Rb/Sr (≥0.015) and Sr/La (≥13). The basanite source assemblage probably contains apatite, phlogopite, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, whereas the alkali basalt source assemblage is probably amphibole, olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene ± phlogopite ± apatite. Both source assemblages correspond broadly to olivine websterite, with the basanite source lying deeper than that for alkali basalt, explaining the occurrence of phlogopite in the source. This mineralogy, along with whole-rock Ti/Eu, Zr/Hf and P2O5/TiO2 values approaching those of natural carbonatites, provide evidence showing that the Buckland source consists of a peridotite that has interacted with a carbonate-rich melt whose origin may be in the deep lithosphere or asthenosphere beneath the craton. Similar enrichment processes are probably common throughout eastern Australia, controlling trace element characteristics in basaltic provinces. The topography of the underside of the lithosphere may play a significant role in determining mantle source assemblages by diverting and concentrating melt flow, and thus influence the location of basaltic provinces.
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Anderson, Robert G., Jonah Resnick, James K. Russell, G. J. Woodsworth, Michael E. Villeneuve et Nancy C. Grainger. « The Cheslatta Lake suite : Miocene mafic, alkaline magmatism in central British Columbia ». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no 4 (1 avril 2001) : 697–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-121.

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New mapping, mineralogical, and geochemical studies help characterize late Tertiary primitive, alkaline, sodic basanite, alkali olivine basalt, transitional basalt, and diabase in the Nechako River, Whitesail Lake, and McLeod Lake map areas of central British Columbia and distinguish the Miocene Cheslatta Lake suite. The suite encompasses scattered erosional remnants of topographically distinct, columnar-jointed, olivine-phyric basalt and diabase volcanic necks, dykes, and associated lava flows north of the Anahim volcanic belt and west of the Pinchi Fault. Volcanic centres at Alasla Mountain and at Cutoff Creek, near Cheslatta Lake, are proposed as type areas. Olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene phenocrysts, megacrysts, and (or) xenocrysts; common ultramafic xenoliths; and rare but significant plutonic and metamorphic xenoliths are characteristic. Basanite, transitional basalt, and alkali olivine basalt groundmass contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxides, feldspathoid, olivine, and apatite. The Cheslatta Lake suite is characterized by its alkaline character, olivine-rich (>10 wt.%) normative mineralogy, and silica-undersaturated nature (>1 wt.% normative nepheline; hypersthene-normative rocks are uncommon). Mg numbers vary between 72–42. Some samples encompass near-primitive mantle melt compositions. Cheslatta Lake suite rocks in the Nechako River area are distinguished from the underlying Eocene Endako and stratigraphically higher Neogene Chilcotin groups basaltic andesite lavas within the study area, and from the Chilcotin Group basalt in the type area south of the Anahim volcanic belt, by form, preserved thickness, phenocryst–xenocryst mineralogy, amygdule abundance, included xenoliths, isotopic age, and major and incompatible, high field strength, and rare-earth trace element contents.
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Tait, Stephen R. « Fluid dynamic and geochemical evolution of cyclic unit 10, Rhum, Eastern Layered Series ». Geological Magazine 122, no 5 (septembre 1985) : 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035391.

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AbstractLithological, major element, trace element and Sr isotope data from cyclic unit 10 of the Rhum Eastern Layered Series are presented. The lower 65 metres of the unit are peridotite, subdivided on textural and geochemical grounds into a lower homogeneous portion approximately 50 metres thick and an upper heterogeneous portion approximately 15 metres thick. The uppermost 16.5 metres of the unit are allivalite. There are steep geochemical gradients across the peridotite-allivalite boundary in Ni content of olivine and whole-rock Sr isotope composition.Calculations are presented on the geochemical evolution of a Rhum picritic liquid undergoing olivine precipitation, both when the olivines remain suspended in the residual liquid as they precipitate, and when they are continuously fractionated. Quenched groundmass and olivine compositions from the Rhum dykes and the unit 10 peridotite olivines show good agreement with the suspension model but are inconsistent with the fractionation model. The Rhum chamber is thought to have been replenished with a picritic liquid from which olivine crystallized while held in suspension; however, replenishment by a highly olivine-phyric basalt is also possible. The peridotite probably accumulated rapidly as olivines were dumped out of suspension onto the chamber floor.The lower part of the peridotite is a poikilitic adcumulate; it is suggested that this formed by convective circulation of melt in the pores of the pile of cumulus olivines. In the latter stages of adcumulus growth, more Fe-rich and isotopically contaminated magma entered the top of the cumulus pile causing cumulus olivines to re-equilibrate and giving the intercumulus plagioclase a higher Sr isotope ratio than lower down. The olivines in the allivalite show steep stratigraphic gradients in major element composition but not in their Ni content. They also show substantial variation in major element composition laterally within the allivalite. It is suggested that these features are a consequence of postcumulus re-equilibration of olivine with migrating intercumulus magma.
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Hussain, M. Faruque, Md Shofiqul Islam et Mithun Deb. « Petrological and geochemical study of the Sylhet trap basalts, Shillong plateau, N.E. India : Implications for petrogenesis ». European Journal of Geosciences 2, no 1 (24 février 2020) : 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-ejgs-0201-1-18/euraass.

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Sylhet Traps exposed along the southern margin of Shillong plateau, Northeast India are subalkaline tholeiitic basalts. The basalts are generally massive but occasionally contain large amygdules of zeolites and chalcedony. Microscopically, some basalts show porphyritic texture with olivine phenocrysts. Phenocryst assemblage of plagioclase ± clinopyroxene ± olivine implies crystallization at shallow level. SEM-EDX analysis shows occurrences of spinel with Ni and Cr within the basalts therefore indicating partial melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as the possible source materials for the basalts. The multi-element plot for the basalts shows two distinct trends: one with significant enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE and plot similar to OIB (Type 1) while the other trends are chara cterized by slight enrichment of LILE and negative anomalies at Nb, P and Ti (Type 2). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Type 1 basalt shows very high enrichment of LREE and a strong right dip HREE pattern and also plots similar to typical OIB while Type 2 show a slight enrichment of LREE over HREE with small Eu anomaly. The geochemical signatures suggest crustal contamination by plume-derived magma produced by low degree of partial melting for Type 1 basalt. Type 2 basalt was produced by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which may be triggered by plume upwelling.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Trela, Jarek. « The Evolution of the Galapagos Mantle Plume : From Large Igneous Province to Ocean Island Basalt ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77438.

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Mantle plumes are anomalously hot, narrow upwellings of mantle material that originate at the core-mantle boundary. As plumes rise they may form volumetrically large "heads" (~1000 km in diameter) with narrower (~100 km) "tails." Plume head melting is thought to form Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), vast outpourings of basaltic lava (~106 km3), while plume tail melting forms linear chains of ocean island basalts (OIBs) similar the Emperor-Hawaii Seamount chain. Mantle plume derived melts indicate that these structures sample deep Earth geochemical and lithological heterogeneities. Studying plume-derived lavas can clarify important planetary-scale questions relating to the accretion of the Earth, primordial geochemical reservoirs, the fate of subducted materials, planetary differentiation, and convective mixing.
Ph. D.
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Peterman, Kenneth James. « Determination of Oxygen Fugacity using Olivine-Melt Equilibrium : Implications for the Redox States of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt and Ocean Island Basalt Mantle Source Regions ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502803559889083.

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MINAGAWA, Tetsuo, Takafumi TAKAHASHI, Kazuya TANAKA et Iwao KAWABE. « Evidence for lanthanide tetrad effect in mafic volcanic rocks : Concave tetrad effects in REE patterns for MORB and alkali olivine basalt in western Kyushu, Japan ». Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14728.

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Shoemaker, Kurt A. « THE TECTONOMAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF THE LATE CENOZOIC OWYHEE PLATEAU, NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1082580947.

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Ildefonse, Philippe. « Analyse petrologique des alterations premeteoriques et meteoriques de deux roches basaltiques (basalte alcalin de belbex, cantal, et hawaiite de m'bouda, cameroun) ». Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077118.

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Cette analyse permet de definir les parageneses minerales successives de l'alteration. Il est alors possible d'apprehender les mecanismes geochimiques ayant preside a ces alterations, et d'en analyser certaines relations, chronologiques ou causales, qu'ils peuvent presenter entre eux
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Haddad, James R. « Order and Chaos in the Olivine Underworld| Two Mechanisms for the Formation of Basal Olivine Layers ». Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10928048.

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Recent debate has questioned the efficiency of magma differentiation in basaltic magma chambers (Marsh, 2013). As a result, petrologists are increasingly inclined to interpret olivine cumulate layers in small intrusive bodies as separately injected slurries, as opposed to the result of in-situ differentiation. Two sills with basal olivine layers, the 0601 sill, Victoria Island, NWT, Canada, and the Palisades Sill, Fort Lee, NJ have been examined in detail. First, it can be shown that the 0601 sill could have formed by the emplacement of a single phenocryst bearing magma, followed by settling of the initial phenocryst load, and in-situ differentiation. Second, a high-resolution analysis of the internal ordering of the Palisades Sill olivine horizon, widely recognized as the result of an olivine slurry, is described in order to create a generalizable model of basal olivine layers formed via slurry emplacement (Husch, 1990; Gorring, 1995). Both sills were analyzed for whole rock major and trace element compositions, mineral compositions, crystal size distributions and modal mineralogy. Parent-Daughter modeling, Pearce Element Ratio Analysis, trace element modeling, and MELTS (Ghiorso and Sack, 1995; Asimow and Ghiorso, 1998) were then used to model formation mechanisms. Finally, the 0601 sill olivine cumulate layer is com-pared with the Palisades Sill olivine horizon. While both olivine cumulate zones look superficially similar, detailed investigation reveals that a well developed trend of progressively increasing olivine upward from the base, as observed in the 0601 sill is best explained by crystal settling within an initial phenocryst-phyric magma, followed by in-situ differentiation, and cannot be explained by a slurry emplacement process.

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Mathieson, Gillian Ann. « Olivine-basaltic melt re-equilibration rates and their implications for crystallisation processes ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343508.

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Salem, Lois Claire. « Magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes : insights from the crystal cargo ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277726.

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A plethora of magmatic processing occurs in magma reservoirs, where melts are stored prior to eruption. Magma reservoirs are complex, open systems, and often multiple reservoirs are partially inter-connected from source to surface, giving rise to the term 'volcanic plumbing system'. Parental melts feeding these reservoirs can have diverse and distinct geochemical and petrological characteristics, and be variably evolved or enriched. These melts can also bring with them a crystal cargo that may remain in equilibrium in the magma reservoir, but may also be modified by reaction, resorption, crystallisation and diffusion. Melts and crystals can be transported between reservoirs, from the upper mantle and through the crust, leading to melt mixing, reactions and volatile exsolution. Basaltic volcanic systems are fed by primitive melts, and due to the rapid ascent of melts and short magma storage times, these volcanoes provide the best means of unravelling the mantle and crustal contribution to geochemical heterogeneity observed in erupted samples. Despite the potential chemical complexity of a magma reservoir, evidence for magma processing and reaction can be preserved in melt inclusion suites and the compositional structure of their host crystals. Magmatic processes during storage and transport at two basaltic volcanoes are investigated using two carefully selected eruptions: the 1669 eruption at Mt. Etna, and the 2007 Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea. A suite of diverse geochemical, petrological and petrographical observations, made at a range of length-scales, are combined and interpreted in tandem with geophysical monitoring data. The conclusions of these studies shed light on the architecture of each volcano's plumbing systems and basaltic plumbing systems in general. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first study unravels the crustal and mantle processes controlling melt geochemical heterogeneity at Mt. Etna, Sicily, during the 1669 eruption, the largest eruption in historical times. The 1669 melt inclusion suite arises from the mixing of two basaltic melts with similar major element compositions but very different trace and volatile element compositions. The melt geochemistry suggests that at least one end-member melt has been heavily influenced by assimilation of carbonate in the crust. The elevation in alkalis, caused by carbonate assimilation, enhances carbon and sulfur solubility in one end member. The melt inclusion suite indicates that mixing of these melts occurred in the shallow crust shortly before eruption and this mixing may be the cause of the enhanced $CO_{2}$ fluxes prior to eruptions at Mt. Etna. The second study is split into two parts. Each uses the eruptive products of the Father's Day eruption at Kīlauea and aims to unravel the connectivity of the plumbing system between the summit and East Rift Zone, with a focus on timescales of storage and transport. The first part investigates the melt geochemistry in terms of heterogeneity and volatile composition, and the second investigates the crystal cargo in terms of features of the macro-scale crystal cargo distribution and the micro-scale geochemical zoning of individual crystals. The integration of observations and models from these two studies constrains the pressure, temperature and composition of source magma feeding the Father's Day eruption. The eruption is investigated in the context of the "magma surge'' event that preceded the intrusion, as well as within the context of the longer-term trends in Kīlauea geochemistry at the summit and East Rift Zone. Melt inclusion and matrix glass volatile systematics provide insights into the degassing path of the magma and the duration of magma transport to the surface is constrained by diffusion modelling. Estimated timescales for ascent by diffusion modelling of macrocryst major element composition, melt inclusion water content and the melt Fe$^{3+}$/Fe$_{tot}$ ratio are in agreement with timescales observed from the geophysical data of $< $8 hours from reservoir depth to eruption. Both studies emphasise how petrological observations can supplement geophysical monitoring datasets collected at the surface to aid our interpretation of volcanic behaviour and eruption forecasting.
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Smith, Amy Renee. « Subsurface Igneous Mineral Microbiology : Iron-Oxidizing Organotrophs on Olivine Surfaces and the Significance of Mineral Heterogeneity in Basalts ». PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/294.

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The subsurface igneous biome contains a vast portion of Earth's total biomass, yet we still know so little about it. Igneous environments such as iron-rich ocean crust and lava tubes may also host analogs to chemolithotrophically-driven life on other planets, so studying life in this biome is essential to understanding how life may survive on other planets. In this study, three igneous surface and subsurface environments were investigated for microbial preference for olivine, microbial physiologies and phylotypes present on olivine, and microbial growth on olivine in the laboratory via iron oxidation. These environments include a subseafloor borehole drilled into the ocean crust basalt basement, a lava tube with perennial ice, and a trio of Columbia River basalt-hosted freshwater terrestrial habitats. The subseafloor borehole (IODP Hole 1301A) is situated on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR) and was used in the first long-term deployment of microbial enrichment flow cells using osmotically-driven pumps. The flow cells contained igneous minerals and glasses, for which cell density and microbial abundances were evaluated. Total cell density and viable oligotrophs were highest for Fe(II)-rich olivines. Organotrophic bacterial isolates were capapble of iron oxidation and nitrate reduction, and grew on olivine in the laboratory. Putative neutrophilic iron oxidizers were also isolated from igneous riparian and cave environments in northwest and central Oregon. Isolated bacteria from all three environments were capable of chemolithotrophic growth with olivine and oxygen or nitrate in the laboratory. Bacteria isolated from river basalt were putatively capable of producing alteration textures on olivine surfaces in culture. Microbial life in the igneous subsurface preferentially attach to Fe²⁺-rich minerals, which suggests that life in the subsurface is heterogeneously distributed. The isolation of oligotrophic iron oxidizers that grow on olivine suggests that olivine supports a chemolithotrophic subsurface community based on primary productivity via iron oxidation. This generation of biomass on olivine surfaces creates organic carbon-rich coated mineral surfaces that may support a more complex community. The identification of Mars analogs living in Oregon lava tubes and the discovery that iron oxidizers may produce biosignatures on olivine surfaces are key findings that may provide the foundation for a new chapter in the search for life on Mars.
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Poustovetov, Alexei Anatolievich. « Numerical modeling of chemical equilibria between chromian spinel, olivine, and basaltic melt, with petrologic applications ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ54428.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Jurewicz, Amy Jo Goldmintz. Effect of temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity and composition on calcium partitioning, calcium-magnesium distribution and the kinetics of cation exchange between olivines and basaltic melts. 1986.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Mølholt, T. E., H. P. Gunnlaugsson, J. P. Merrison, R. V. Morris et P. Nørnberg. « Mössbauer and VNIR study of dust generated from olivine basalt : application to Mars ». Dans ICAME 2007, 1009–15. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78697-9_138.

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Kohlstedt, D. L. « Chemical analysis of grain boundaries in an olivine-basalt aggregate using high-resolution, analytical electron microscopy ». Dans The Brittle‐Ductile Transition in Rocks, 211–18. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm056p0211.

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Morse, Stearns A. « Iron-Bearing Olivines and Pyroxenes ». Dans Basalts and Phase Diagrams, 307–29. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97882-2_17.

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Garcia, Michael O., Thomas P. Hulsebosch et J. Michael Rhodes. « Olivine-rich submarine basalts from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa Volcano : Implications for magmatic processes and geochemical evolution ». Dans Mauna Loa Revealed : Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, 219–39. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm092p0219.

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« olivine basalt ». Dans Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 930. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150330.

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« alkali-olivine basalt ». Dans Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 36. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_11356.

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Sági, Tamás, Szabolcs Harangi et Theodoros Ntaflos. « Modeling of Olivine and Clinopyroxene Fractionation in Intracontinental Alkaline Basalts : A Case Study from the Carpathian-Pannonian Region ». Dans Updates in Volcanology - Transdisciplinary Nature of Volcano Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94808.

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Besides mantle peridotites primary basaltic melts are the best tool to investigate upper mantle petrology and geochemistry. However, de facto primitive melts are hard to found, as basaltic melts usually go through a fractionation process during their ascent towards the surface. Most primary melt calculators are based on the major or trace element compositions of olivine-phyric ocean island basalts and peridotites and are less accurate if clinopyroxene fractionation occurred. In this chapter a new fractionation modeling method of alkaline basalts will be introduced, which has been published earlier only in Hungarian. Olivine ± clinopyroxene fractionation of four basaltic volcanoes have been modeled from different Miocene-Quaternary volcanic fields from the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (Stiavnica (Selmec) VF, Novohrad-Gemer (Nógrád-Gömör) VF, Perşani Mts. (Persányi Mts.) VF and from the Lucaret-Sanoviţa (Lukácskő-Sziklás) volcano.
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Li, Chusi, Edward M. Ripley et Yan Tao. « Chapter 11 Magmatic Ni-Cu and Pt-Pd Sulfide Deposits in China ». Dans Mineral Deposits of China, 483–508. Society of Economic Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.22.11.

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Abstract Economically valuable magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in China include the large (515 million tonnes [Mt] of sulfide ore) Jinchuan deposit and 12 smaller ones (3–100 Mt), including Xiarihamu (100 Mt), Huangshanxi (80 Mt), and Poyi (40 Mt). These deposits occur in two principal tectonic environments: within continental plates and at convergent plate margins. The former group can be further divided into those that are hosted in the feeders of a flood basalt province, such as Limahe, and those that occur in rifted continental margins, such as Jinchuan. The latter group can be further divided into those that formed during active subduction, such as Xiarihamu, and those that formed shortly after subduction (20–40 m.y. later), such as Poyi. Despite different geodynamic settings, the Chinese magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits are all characterized by low tenors of platinum group elements (PGEs), indicating PGE depletions in the parental magmas. The small Jinbaoshan deposit (15 Mt, 3 ppm Pt + Pd) is the only significant magmatic PGE deposit in China. It is hosted in a small sill-like ultramafic intrusion associated with the Permian Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China. The Chinese magmatic Ni-Cu and Pt-Pd sulfide deposits collectively show a positive correlation between Ni/Cu ratios in sulfide ores and forsterite contents in olivine, indicating that fractional crystallization is an important control on Ni/Cu in the parental magmas. The Os isotope data for these deposits support the premise that addition of external sulfur is essential for the generation of ore-quality magmatic sulfide deposits. More detailed geochronological studies are necessary to detect intrusion targets that may be temporally related to other known ore-bearing intrusions in a given area or region. The recent discovery of the subduction-related Xiarihamu Ni-Cu sulfide deposit is consistent with the idea that convergent plate tectonic settings in the world have potential for world-class magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. We suggest that the Paleozoic Kunlun orogenic belt in the northern part of the Tibet-Qinghai plateau, where the Xiarihamu deposit is situated, is a new frontier for Ni-Cu exploration in China. Furthermore, the search for economic magmatic Ni-Cu and Pt-Pd sulfide deposits associated with the subvolcanic intrusions of the Permian Emeishan flood basalt province in southwestern China should continue.
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« olivine basaltic lava ». Dans Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 930. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150331.

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McFarlane, E. A., et M. J. Drake. « Element Partitioning And The Early Thermal History Of The Earth ». Dans Origin of the Earth, 135–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066197.003.0009.

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Abstract The partitioning of Ni, Co, Sc, and La between olivine and natural basaltic melt and between various subsolidus phases has been determined at 1800°C and 75 kbar. Aliquots of the mantle composition material KLB-1 were doped with 1-2 wt.% each of Ni, Co, and Sc, were compressed to high pressures, and heated in a uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus for approximately 1 hr. Successful run products typically consist of a subsolidus assemblage of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, spine!, and probably garnet at the cold end, and silicate melt containing quench crystals of olivine at the hot end. The liquidus boundary within the charge is defined by the appearance of sizable equant olivine crystals (instead of quench-textured olivine crystals, which are smaller and more elongate). Olivine/melt partition coefficients (D)at 75kbar and 1800°C, rounded to one significant figure, are D(Ni)= 2, D(Co)= 1, D(Sc)=0.1, and D(La) &lt; 0.007. These partition coefficients may be used to test the hypothesis that the high Mg/ Si ratio in the upper mantle of the Earth relative to most chondritic meteorites results from the floating of olivine in a magma ocean, with subsequent mixing of that olivine into the upper mantle of the Earth. For example, the Ni/Co ratio inferred for the upper mantle is approximately chondritic. The experimentally determined partition coefficients imply that the addition of 30% olivine into the upper mantle to raise the Mg/Si ratio from CI chondritic to its present value yields a Ni/Co ratio 20-25% higher than its initial value. This result is inconsistent with the olivine flotation hypothesis as a means of explaining the elevated Mg/Si ratio of the upper mantle. The implication of these experiments and those of Kato et al. ( 1987, 1988a,b) is that minor and trace element abundances and ratios in the upper mantle of the Earth do not presently show the effects of extensive olivine, majorite garnet, or perovskite fractionation. One possibility is that the Earth was never substantially molten. If so, the accretional process must have delivered gravitational potential energy more slowly than current theory predicts, and an origin of the Moon in a giant impact would be unlikely. Alternatively, if the Earth were indeed substantially molten, then it is possible that minerals remained entrained in magma and were unable to segregate. In either case, the high Mg/Si ratio in the Earth relative to most classes of chondrites would be intrinsic to the Earth, implying that the accretional process did not mix material efficiently between 1 A.U. and 2-4 A.U. where most chondritic meteorites are presumed to originate.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Tariq, Zeeshan, Muhammad Ali, Bicheng Yan, Shuyu Sun et Hussein Hoteit. « Machine Learning Modeling of Saudi Arabian basalt/CO2/brine Wettability Prediction : Implications for CO2 Geo-Storage ». Dans 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0755.

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ABSTRACT CO2 wettability and the reservoir rock-fluid interfacial interactions are crucial parameters that regulates the successful CO2 geological sequestration. This study implemented the feed-forward neural network to model the wettability behavior of Saudi Arabian (SA) basaltic rocks in a ternary system of basaltic rocks, CO2, and brine under different operating conditions. To gain higher accuracy of the machine learning models, a sufficient dataset was utilized that was recorded by conducting a large number of laboratory experiments under a realistic pressure range, 0 – 25 MPa and the temperatures range, 298 – 343 K. Different graphical exploratory data analysis techniques, such as heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots were used to analyze the experimental dataset. The machine learning models were trained to predict the receding and advancing contact angles of SA basalt/CO2/brine systems. Both statistical evaluation and graphical analyses were performed to show the reliability and performance of the developed models. The results showed that the implemented ML model accurately predicted the wettability behavior under various operating conditions. INTRODUCTION Geological formations offer a promising solution to reduce global warming and achieve a low-CO2 economy by injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into them (Alam et al., 2014; Bethke, 2007; Egermann et al., 2005, 2005; Iglauer et al., 2015; Wang et al., 1998). Saudi Arabia, a significant hydrocarbon-producing country, possesses numerous existing infrastructures and transportation pipelines suitable for natural gas storage, which could be utilized for large-scale CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, saline aquifers, and salt caverns. Moreover, sedimentary formations like shales, tight sandstone or carbonates, and igneous rocks such as basalts have recently emerged as potential formations to investigate for CO2 storage (Yan et al., 2022c). Dark-colored, fine-grained igneous rocks called basalts consist mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. They are more abundant and accessible than shales, and the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Saudi Arabia are one of the largest areas of alkali olivine basalt worldwide, covering nearly 90,000 km2. Carbon mineralization is the primary method of CO2 storage in reactive rocks like basalt, and research has shown that basalt can be suitable for CO2 storage through this method, or residual trapping if the basalt formation is capped. Basalt is distributed worldwide with a favorable mineral composition, significant thickness, and good vesicular texture. In contrast to silica minerals in sedimentary formations, CO2 injection into volcanic rocks like basalt can swiftly initiate carbon mineralization and mineral trapping, as evidenced by successful pilot project trials conducted in Washington State (USA) and Iceland, which showed that most of the injected CO2 was mineralized in less than two years.
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Lytle, Kari, Nicole E. Moore et Anita L. Grunder. « OLIVINE COMPOSITIONS OF THE LOWER STEENS BASALT : PROBING INTO MAGMA HISTORIES OF EARLY FLOOD BASALT EVENTS ». Dans 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274393.

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Slezak, Paul, Danny Hnatyshin, Alejandro Andrew, Eoin Dunlevy, Hilde Koch, Mark Holdstock et Murray W. Hitzman. « A review of the Limerick Igneous Suite : links to base-metal mineralization in the SW Irish Orefield ». Dans Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/kqbg9141.

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The Limerick Igneous Suite (LIS) in SW Ireland consists of massive flows, hypabyssal intrusions, tuffs, agglomerates, and diatremes and is spatially associated with multiple base metal prospects, deposits, and historic mines in the Limerick Syncline. The LIS is subdivided into two igneous units: 1) the Knockroe, which is dominantly alkaline basalt to trachyandesite in composition, and 2) the Knockseefin, which forms a range of alkaline basalt to basanite compositions. Recent drilling has uncovered new, olivine-bearing porphyritic basalts that correspond to the Knockroe unit and may represent the highest degree of partial melting in the LIS. A new sulphide Re–Os isochron from the Ballywire prospect yielded an age of 340.9 ± 2.4 Ma and represents the first known mineralization age in the Limerick Syncline, which is contemporaneous with LIS emplacement. How-ever, the 187Os/188Os of 0.48 is indicative of base metal derivation from crustal rocks akin to Palaeozoic basement as opposed to an igneous or mafic source. The LIS was not likely a source of metals, but the coeval emplacement between the LIS and mineralization in the Limerick Syncline suggests the LIS may have been a source of hydrothermalism in the region. Yet the intrusions themselves were emplaced in fault networks, hindering rather than enhancing hydrothermal fluid flow.
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Yang, Chun, Sheng-Ao Liu, Ze-Zhou Wang, Hong-Jie Wu et Shu-Guang Li. « Diffusion-Driven Zn Isotope Fractionation in Olivine of Intra-Plate Alkaline Basalt in Shandong, Eastern China ». Dans Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2977.

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Michelfelder, Gary S., Lawrence K. Horkley, Clayton Reinier et Sarah Hudson. « A preliminary assessment of olivine phenocrysts from the monogenetic basalt of the McCartys Flow, Zuni-Bandera Volcanic Field, New Mexico ». Dans 71st Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-71.141.

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Yen, Christopher, Paul Carpenter, Bradley Jolliff, Ryan Ogliore, Jeremy Kent, Ryan Zeigler, Juliane Gross, Scott Eckley et Charles Shearer. « Insights into Lunar Volcanism through a Unique Olivine Porphyritic Very Low-Ti Basalt, 73002,1017C, and an Accompanying High-Mg-Al Volcanic Glass ». Dans Goldschmidt2023. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.14465.

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Nizam, Nabila, Tom Shea et Rosalind Helz. « The Kīlauea Iki lava lake : a 30-year long diffusion experiment to study the re-equilibration of olivine in natural basalt ». Dans Goldschmidt2022. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.11435.

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Hamdi, Zakaria, Raja Zuhaili Aimran Raja Zainal Raffik, Oluwole Talabi, Urval Patel, Eric Mackay et Mahmood Bataee. « CO2 Mineral Trapping in Basaltic Formation During CO2 Storage ». Dans SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208935-ms.

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Abstract The rise in global warming is due to the high emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) around the world. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions, a by-product from the petroleum industry, is contributors to climate change. One technology that may help curb CO2 gas emissions is injecting the gas into the subsurface reservoir. In this study, CO2 mineral trapping behaviour and its reactions within a wet basaltic rock containing Olivine mineral are captured and simulated in a full field numerical simulation model. A 2-stage approach was planned to develop the full field numerical model. In the first stage, a single cell model was developed, assessed and matched to the literature experiments with several assumptions considered and applied. Following this, the second stage involved developing a full field model to observe and analyse the distribution and concentration of CO2 during injection, as well as its sequestration as a solid phase (i.e., mineral trapping). The overall volume ratio of injected CO2 versus water was also assessed to ensure enough CO2 were injected into the basalt rock ensuring clear distribution of CO2 in the rock either in dissolved, trapped, or mobile state. In this study, the injected volume covered 4% of the total water volume. Results show that mineralization occurs faster than expected when CO2 gas was introduced to the wet basaltic rock especially near the CO2 injector wellbore. The mineralization speed depends on the reaction rate, modelling (cell) surface area and volume as well as the reaction rate coefficient where it was tuned to match the experimental results. The time required for the CO2 component to travel within the rock was also assessed to give a clear picture of the CO2 distribution where it took 10 years to reach 1000 ft away from the injector wellbore within a 440 ft thick reservoir.
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Gawronska, A. J., K. Cronberger et C. R. Neal. « IMPLICATIONS OF BIMODAL OLIVINE COMPOSITIONS IN VHK BASALTS ». Dans 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-313048.

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Tariq, Zeeshan, Bicheng Yan et Shuyu Sun. « A Deep Learning Framework to Forecast Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of CO2 Mineralization in Reactive Rocks ». Dans ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216998-ms.

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Abstract Reactive rocks, such as basalt, are composed of a variety of minerals, with pyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase feldspar being among the predominant minerals. When exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2)-charged waters, these rocks can undergo a series of reactions, leading to the formation of stable carbonates. These carbonates can store carbon for thousands of years, contributing to climate change mitigation. To better understand the interplay between CO2 and brine in these reactive formations, numerical simulations are a very useful tool. However, simulating fluid flow in these reservoirs can pose significant computational challenges. The inherent reactivity of various minerals complicates the modeling process, leading to computationally expensive simulations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a deep-learning workflow that can predict the changes in CO2 mineralization over time and space in saline aquifers, offering a more efficient approach compared to traditional physics-based simulations. To achieve this, a numerical simulation model was created to replicate the CO2 injection process in saline aquifers. The model was then sampled using the Latin-Hypercube method, considering various parameters related to petrophysics, geology, reservoir, and decision-making. These samples generated a comprehensive training dataset of approximately 700 simulation cases, forming the basis for training the UNet model, a type of convolutional neural network. The UNet models were trained, incorporating information on reservoir properties, well characteristics, and time, enabling the prediction of mineral precipitation at different spatial and temporal scales. During the training process, the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) was used as the loss function to prevent overfitting. Evaluation of the trained UNet model was performed using three error metrics: the normalized root mean square (NRMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). The model achieved an R2 value of 0.998 for training and 0.991 for testing, indicating its accuracy in predicting the evolution of mineral concentrations over time and space. The MAPE for all mappings was approximately 5%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the trained model. In terms of computational efficiency, the UNet model’s prediction CPU time per case was remarkably fast, averaging only 0.2 seconds. This is significantly faster compared to the time required by the physics-based reservoir simulator, which took 21600 seconds per case. Thus, the proposed method not only provides accurate predictions comparable to physics-based models but also offers substantial computational time savings. The deep learning models developed in this study offer a computationally faster alternative to traditional numerical simulators for assessing mineralization trapping in geological carbon storage (GCS) projects, specifically concerning the mineral trapping mechanism.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Olivine basalt"

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Smith, Amy. Subsurface Igneous Mineral Microbiology : Iron-Oxidizing Organotrophs on Olivine Surfaces and the Significance of Mineral Heterogeneity in Basalts. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.294.

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Sarafian, Iliana. Considerazioni chiave : affrontare le discriminazioni strutturali e le barriere al vaccino covid-19 per le comunità rom in italia. SSHAP, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.024.

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Questo rapporto evidenzia come le discriminazioni strutturali e l'esclusione sociale influenzino le percezioni e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti del vaccino per il COVID-19 tra le comunità rom in Italia. Uno degli obiettivi è mettere in luce il ruolo che le autorità pubbliche e le comunità possono svolgere nel sostenere l'adozione del vaccino e nel contrasto ai più ampi processi di esclusione sociale.1 Le risposte contraddittorie che lo Stato italiano ha fornito durante la pandemia di Covid-19, insieme alle forme di esclusione già in atto, hanno comportato un aumento della sfiducia delle comunità rom nei confronti delle iniziative statali, impattando anche sull’adesione alla campagna vaccinale.2 Questo documento si propone di supportare e informare le amministrazioni locali e le istituzioni sanitarie pubbliche coinvolte nell’assistenza e nei processi di inclusione delle comunità rom in Italia. Il presente documento si basa su una ricerca condotta di persona e a distanza dal novembre 2021 al gennaio 2022 in Italia con le comunità rom e sinti di Milano, Roma e Catania. Sebbene queste comunità si caratterizzino per diversità storica e per differenti forme di identità linguistica, geografica, religiosa, sono state individuate delle somiglianze nel modo in cui hanno vissuto la pandemia di COVID-19 e nelle decisioni a proposito del vaccino. Questo documento è stato sviluppato per SSHAP da Iliana Sarafian (LSE) con i contributi e le revisioni di Elizabeth Storer (LSE), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Marco Solimene (University of Iceland), Dijana Pavlovic (Upre Roma) e Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). La ricerca è stata finanziata dalla British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058) e si è svolta presso il Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. La sintesi è di responsabilità di SSHAP.
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