Articles de revues sur le sujet « Off-Site Architecture »
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Luo, Jianing, Hong Zhang et Willy Sher. « Insights into Architects’ Future Roles in Off-Site Construction ». Construction Economics and Building 17, no 1 (31 mars 2017) : 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v17i1.5252.
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Today’s construction industry is overflowing with new ideas about its future. Off-Site Manufacture and Construction (OSCM) is at the heart of the modern construction industry. Much has been written about the state and context of OSCM in different countries regarding its perceived benefits and barriers to implementation. Off-site production (OSP) plays an important role in improving fragmented construction processes. Although most OSP research targets the attitudes and practices of OSP adoption, there is limited understanding of the philosophical issues underpinning OSP-related architecture. The roles of the architects’ personal philosophies are neglected and this hampers their implementation of OSCM (which has had a largely technical focus). This paper explores the traditional thinking patterns of architects in China and predicts possible future roles for them. It then conceptualizes an “architectural work” mode and a “building product” mode of design and construction and identifies the shortcomings of architects in an OSCM environment. The arguments made are based on practitioners’ perceptions and the first author’s practical experiences of leading several real-life projects in recent years. The findings reveal the implications and significance of the transformation from an “architectural work” mode to a “building product” mode. We foresee a study approach that focuses on the order and rules for OSCM, resulting in architects’ existing mindsets being changed to thinking patterns and design methodologies better suited to OSCM.
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Nawari, Nawari O. « BIM Standard in Off-Site Construction ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 18, no 2 (juin 2012) : 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000056.
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Arif, Mohammed. « Special Issue on Off-Site Construction ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 18, no 2 (juin 2012) : 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000090.
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Boyd, Neville, Malik M. A. Khalfan et Tayyab Maqsood. « Off-Site Construction of Apartment Buildings ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 19, no 1 (mars 2013) : 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000091.
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Stariolo, Daniel A., et Jeferson Arenzon. « Off-equilibrium dynamics of the site frustrated percolation model ». Computer Physics Communications 121-122 (septembre 1999) : 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(06)70142-4.
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Abanda, F. H., J. H. M. Tah et F. K. T. Cheung. « BIM in off-site manufacturing for buildings ». Journal of Building Engineering 14 (novembre 2017) : 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.10.002.
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Kazmi, Zaheer Abbas, et Mahmoud Sodangi. « Modeling the Constraints to the Utilization of the Internet of Things in Managing Supply Chains of Off-Site Construction : An Approach toward Sustainable Construction ». Buildings 12, no 3 (21 mars 2022) : 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030388.
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Despite persistent calls for cleaner production and improved automation of construction processes, the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in managing the supply chains of off-site construction businesses has been discouraged due to various constraints. This paper methodically identifies and prioritizes the crucial factors that impede the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in off-site construction. Content analysis and an expert-based evaluation strategy were used to identify and evaluate the constraints affecting Internet of Things adoption in off-site construction. The ISM, MICMAC, and DEMATEL techniques were used to analyze the data. This study identifies the “lack of clear strategy for governing IoT utilization in supply chain management” as the most significant factor that impedes the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in off-site construction businesses. The outcomes also provide a rich source of insights into off-site construction businesses to clearly recognize the implications of utilizing IoT technologies in managing the supply chains of businesses and what to expect when applying IoT technologies and solutions. While this paper advocates for improved green construction practices, cleaner production, and automation in the construction industry, it has set the stage for integrating IoT technologies in the supply chain management of off-site construction businesses.
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Alvanchi, Amin, Reza Azimi, SangHyun Lee, Simaan M. AbouRizk et Paul Zubick. « Off-Site Construction Planning Using Discrete Event Simulation ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 18, no 2 (juin 2012) : 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000055.
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Arif, Mohammed, Jack Goulding et Farzad Pour Rahimian. « Promoting Off-Site Construction : Future Challenges and Opportunities ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 18, no 2 (juin 2012) : 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000081.
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Lozanovska, Mirjana. « Space and Culture : Quarantine ». Space and Culture 24, no 2 (16 avril 2021) : 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331220938653.
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The dead, not unlike the sick, are historically quarantined from the space of the living. Spatial separation is a constituent of civilization and this is epitomized by an architectural and urban separation, indeed division, between the space of the dead and the space of the living. Cemeteries are historically located on the periphery, quartered off by a clearly demarcated boundary, or in a separate site altogether as it is called, the City of the Dead. Architecture manifests a clarity of distinction between the living and the dead as spatially distinct building block of civilization. Yet we know this cannot be the whole story. This paper will draw on the death drive from psychoanalytic theory to discuss an architecture of quarantine.
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He, Wen Min, et Jun Wang. « Research of Yan’an Red Base Area Architecture from 30 Years to 40 Years in 20 Century ». Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (octobre 2011) : 1780–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1780.
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The dissertation analyzed Architecture of Yan’an revolutionary from 30 years to 40 years in 20 Centuries architecturally. Based on the investigation on site and analysis of relative literatures, the paper acquired feature of Yan’an Architecture. The feature played a significant role on protecting the History、Art and Scientific value of Yan’an during the revolutionary period. Yan’an is not only the foothold of Chinese revolution but also the jumping-off place of Chinese revolution. It is also the import historical turning point of Chinese revolution. Yan’an, as a halidom of Chinese revolution, is a famous city because of historical contribution on the Chinese revolution. Lots of revolutionary site is representation of Heroism Spirit and Yan’an Spirit and spirit treasure of Chinese Communist and Chinese people. Centuries-old history and great contribution of Chinese Revolutionary history decided that cultural site of Yan’an must be plentiful and not be replaced. In conclusion, the red base building from 30 years to 40 years in 20 century in Yan'an has significant meaning of its history, culture, development and continuation. The red base building in Yan’an area has also become a major architectural feature and plays an important role nowadays . We should protect them better.
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Pasco, Jubert, Zhen Lei et Clodualdo Aranas. « Additive Manufacturing in Off-Site Construction : Review and Future Directions ». Buildings 12, no 1 (6 janvier 2022) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010053.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0 to attain a circular economy. The process involves a layer-by-layer deposition of material from a computer-aided-design (CAD) model to form complex shapes. Fast prototyping and waste minimization are the main benefits of employing such a technique. AM technology is presently revolutionizing various industries such as electronics, biomedical, defense, and aerospace. Such technology can be complemented with standardized frameworks to attract industrial acceptance, such as in the construction industry. Off-site construction has the potential to improve construction efficiency by adopting AM. In this paper, the types of additive manufacturing processes were reviewed, with emphasis on applications in off-site construction. This information was complemented with a discussion on the types and mechanical properties of materials that can be produced using AM techniques, particularly metallic components. Strategies to assess cost and material considerations such as Production line Breakdown Structure (PBS) and Value Stream Mapping are highlighted. In addition, a comprehensive approach that evaluates the entire life cycle of the component was suggested when comparing AM techniques and conventional manufacturing options.
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Picard, Laurence, Pierre Blanchet et André Bégin-Drolet. « Assembly Solution for Modular Buildings : Development of an Automated Connecting Device for Light-Framed Structures ». Buildings 12, no 5 (18 mai 2022) : 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050672.
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The prefabricated construction industry, also known as off-site construction, has been operating in North America for several years now and differs from traditional construction in its much shorter project timelines, lower costs, and increased build quality. However, the lack of a suitable and efficient assembly solution has been identified by many as a barrier to the use of off-site construction for larger buildings. To maximise the benefits of off-site manufacturing for multistorey buildings, an automated connection solution is presented in this paper. A new plug-in self-locking device was developed according to the following product design phases: on-site observations, definition of the problem and product specifications, solution generation, prototyping, fabrication, and testing. The plug-in self-locking device allows the assembly process to be accelerated by eliminating the fastening steps and a higher completion of modules off-site to be achieved. The design bears the compressive, tensile, and shear loads and contributes to the load path of the building.
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Bendi, Deepthi, Muhammad Qasim Rana, Mohammed Arif, Jack Steven Goulding et Amit Kant Kaushik. « Understanding off-site readiness in Indian construction organisations ». Construction Innovation 21, no 1 (27 mars 2020) : 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-02-2020-0016.
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Purpose This paper presents a bespoke model for understanding off-site construction (OSC) readiness among Indian construction organisations. This model presents 17 variables for discussion, the results from which help support OSC strategic decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Factor analysis was used to investigate the relationship between variables to group them into factors. After identifying 26 different variables, these were reduced to 17 using factor analysis and categorised into four groups. Descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis using SPSS was used to develop a hierarchy of factors that affect OSC readiness in India. These findings were reinforced by five domain experts to support the results. Findings Minimising on-site duration, ensuring cost and time certainty and transportation issues were identified as the three most important factors, whereas lack of guidance and scepticism were among the lowest factors affecting the Indian OSC sector. Research limitations/implications This research is specifically focused on OSC within the Indian construction sector. As such, data collection, propagation and analysis should be constrained to the population context regarding inference, generalisability and repeatability. Practical implications The proffered OSC readiness model offers OSC practitioners an ability to assess the OSC readiness of construction organisations in India. This includes the evaluation and benchmarking of processes in both strategic and operational phases, including highlighting areas of concern and scope for further development (to achieve optimal advantage of OSC methods). Originality/value Originality rests with the use of factor analysis and descriptive statistical analysis to study the influence of different construction-related factors and variables on the OSC sector in India. This impact readiness model is context-specific to the Indian OSC sector – providing a unique insight into the causal factors and dependencies that can affect the adoption and uptake of modern methods of construction in India.
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Zebua, Vonny Christiani, et Yulesta Putra. « The Design of Eco-friendly Resort, Asu Island (Organic Architecture) ». International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 6, no 2 (14 septembre 2022) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v6i2.9691.
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This study aims to design an eco-friendly resort based on an organic architecture approach on Asu Island, Sirombu District, West Nias Regency, North Sumatra Province. The design with an organic architectural approach aims to create a space that can harmonize the indoor space with the outdoor space and can provide a space experience close to nature for resort users. In more detail, the design of eco-friendly resorts on Asu Island aims to meet tourist accommodation needs, facilitate space with attention to tourists, and analyze energy sources and utility systems on Asu Island. The site's location is right on the edge of the sea coast off Asu Island, Sirombu District, West Nias Regency, and is directly opposite the Indian Ocean. The site location selection method is measured from indicators including view, surrounding function, environment, soil condition, an overview of city structure, and accessibility. The location selection for the site was chosen based on several considerations such as view, the location of the resort that is separated from the city crowd, tourist convenience, searching for site locations via google maps and conducting direct surveys to determine site conditions. The approach used in this design is a literature study, a user approach by searching for user room data in resort design, and field studies that are directly carried out to review the condition of the site and the area around the site
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Amer, Mohamed, Ahmed Mustafa et Shady Attia. « Conceptual framework for off-site roof stacking construction ». Journal of Building Engineering 26 (novembre 2019) : 100873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100873.
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Boissel, Sandrine, Jordan Jarjour, Alexander Astrakhan, Andrew Adey, Agnès Gouble, Philippe Duchateau, Jay Shendure et al. « megaTALs : a rare-cleaving nuclease architecture for therapeutic genome engineering ». Nucleic Acids Research 42, no 4 (26 novembre 2013) : 2591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1224.
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Abstract Rare-cleaving endonucleases have emerged as important tools for making targeted genome modifications. While multiple platforms are now available to generate reagents for research applications, each existing platform has significant limitations in one or more of three key properties necessary for therapeutic application: efficiency of cleavage at the desired target site, specificity of cleavage (i.e. rate of cleavage at ‘off-target’ sites), and efficient/facile means for delivery to desired target cells. Here, we describe the development of a single-chain rare-cleaving nuclease architecture, which we designate ‘megaTAL’, in which the DNA binding region of a transcription activator-like (TAL) effector is used to ‘address’ a site-specific meganuclease adjacent to a single desired genomic target site. This architecture allows the generation of extremely active and hyper-specific compact nucleases that are compatible with all current viral and nonviral cell delivery methods.
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Alazzaz, Faisal, et Andrew Whyte. « Linking employee empowerment with productivity in off-site construction ». Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no 1 (19 janvier 2015) : 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2013-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address current knowledge gaps in off-site sub-element fabrication efficiency factors, by identifying an explicit relationship between productivity and employee empowerment. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on two engineering fabrication-yard case studies that investigate both qualitatively (via analysis of semi-structured interviews that incorporate a five-point Likert scale, with fabrication-product stakeholders), and also quantitatively (via assessment using SPSS statistical analyses to determine significance and trends in the data-set) the relationship between empowerment and productivity. Findings – The results reveal a positive linear relationship in off-site construction between “employee empowerment factors” and, explicitly fabrication-yard “productivity-levels”. An especially strong and significant positive correlation is found to exist in resource development, worker involvement, process improvement, and task recognition as they refer to off-site construction productivity. Practical implications – Most academic studies of off-site construction remain largely anecdotal and lack an empirical objective study; as a result, this (fabrication-yard) case-study research provides a useful approach to measure empirically the link between employee empowerment and productivity of off-site construction. Originality/value – Employee empowerment in the construction industry has long been a focus of analyses; however, there remains a lack of consensus and very few studies into the direct relationship between employee empowerment on the one-hand, and productivity in off-site construction on the other-hand. It is argued here that the on-going new research undertaken in the present study will go beyond subjective opinion towards objective measurement of actual performance in off-site construction.
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Aburas, Hani. « Off-Site Construction in Saudi Arabia : The Way Forward ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 17, no 4 (décembre 2011) : 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000048.
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Liu, Qinjun, Gui Ye et Yingbin Feng. « Workers’ safety behaviors in the off-site manufacturing plant ». Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no 3 (5 octobre 2019) : 765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2019-0136.
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Purpose Although research on prefabricated construction has gained increasing attention in recent years, limited efforts have been devoted to investigating safety issues in the off-site manufacture, especially workers’ behavioral intentions to work safely. Thus, research is needed to identify the motivational factors determining off-site construction workers’ safety behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate workers’ safety behavior by examining the determinants of behavioral intention in the off-site manufacturing plants in China. Design/methodology/approach Theory of planned behavior (TPB) was modified and used in this study to explain how the elements in the hypothesized model interact. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling technique with partial least-squares estimation was used to analyze the data collected. Findings The findings of this study indicated that workers’ tendency to engage in safety behavior is positively related to attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral habit, among which attitude toward the behavior and behavioral habit have most significant influences on safety behavior. This finding provides a better explanation on the pathways and the impacts of the crucial factors on the safety behaviors for the off-site manufacture. Originality/value The possible innovation of this research lies in its attempt to understand the antecedents of workers’ safety behavior in the off-site construction environment, which may make original contributions to construction safety research and practice. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge in TPB. Corresponding countermeasures are put forward in order to improve workers’ safety behavior in off-site construction.
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Castillo, Tito, Marcel Paredes, Alexis Andrade, Valeria Arroba et Joselyn Guerrero. « Off-Site Construction of Concrete Housing in the Andean Region : Advantages and Disadvantages ». Civil Engineering and Architecture 10, no 2 (mars 2022) : 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2022.100208.
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Killingsworth, John, Mohammed Hashem Mehany et Hana Ladhari. « General contractors’ experience using off-site structural framing systems ». Construction Innovation 21, no 1 (18 mai 2020) : 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-05-2019-0038.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine general contractors’ experiences of using off-site manufactured structural framing systems. This engaged a single-case study using a qualitative methodology to identify expected benefits, actual benefits and challenges of such systems. Design/methodology/approach A single-case study approach evaluated general contractors’ experience of using a manufactured structural framing system. Qualitative data were collated and analyzed from industry domain experts to determine commonalities and thematic thinking. Findings The study revealed that the reasons behind considering off-site building systems were: accelerating the project schedule, overcoming site constraints and having a better end-product. The top expected benefits were: saving time (schedule), saving cost and improving quality. The top actual observed benefits were: saving erection time, reducing waste generation, reducing project costs, reducing safety risks and improving construction site logistics. The main challenges encountered were: unfamiliarity of different project parties with the off-site framing system, difficulty with reducing the overall project schedule, heavy site logistics and complicated off-site system design and standards requirements. The findings include solutions to overcome the challenges associated with using a manufactured structural system. Research limitations/implications This paper was a case study and therefore inherently limited in its generalizability. The study was conducted with general contractors in the mountain-west region of the USA. However, the implications of the study may have a broad application, as contractors across the globe seek to find similar solutions to using off-site or manufactured construction methods. Practical implications Construction labor shortages around the world are forcing the construction industry to find creative solutions to meet the demand for their services. Manufactured or off-site construction methods provide a possible solution to that labor shortage. However, builders need to be aware of the immediate challenges and actual benefits of using a manufactured structural framing system. Social implications Manufactured structural framing systems have the potential to impact lean and sustainable practices in construction. Reduced waste, reduced on-site man-power requirements, reduced construction schedules and reduced injuries each improve the lives of construction workers and the communities around these buildings. Originality/value An extensive literature review was performed to guide the design of this case study. Much has been written about off-site construction practices, but there is a significant research gap on the topic of structural framing systems. This study contributes to expanding the knowledge of off-site construction and specifically helps researchers and practitioners understand the challenges and benefits of this systematic approach to construction.
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Salari, Samira Al-Sadat, Hediye Mahmoudi, Amir Aghsami, Fariborz Jolai, Soroush Jolai et Maziar Yazdani. « Off-Site Construction Three-Echelon Supply Chain Management with Stochastic Constraints : A Modelling Approach ». Buildings 12, no 2 (25 janvier 2022) : 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020119.
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Off-site construction is becoming more popular as more companies recognise the benefits of shifting the construction process away from the construction site and into a controlled manufacturing environment. However, challenges associated with the component supply chain have not been fully addressed. As a result, this study proposes a model for three-echelon supply chain supply management in off-site construction with stochastic constraints. In this paper, multiple off-site factories produce various types of components and ship them to supplier warehouses to meet the needs of the construction sites. Each construction site is directly served by a supplier warehouse. The service level for each supplier warehouse is assumed to be different based on regional conditions. Because of the unpredictable nature of construction projects, demand at each construction site is stochastic, so each supplier warehouse should stock a certain number of components. The inventory control policy is reviewed regularly and is in (R, s, S) form. Two objectives are considered: minimising total cost while achieving the desired delivery time for construction sites due to their demands and balancing driver workloads during the routeing stage. A grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA) and an exact method are used to solve this NP-hard problem. The findings of this study contribute new theoretical and practical insights to a growing body of knowledge about supply chain management strategies in off-site construction and have implications for project planners and suppliers, policymakers, and managers, particularly in companies where an unplanned supply chain exacerbates project delays and overrun costs.
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Lopez, Robert, Heap-Yih Chong et Conrad Pereira. « Obstacles Preventing the Off-Site Prefabrication of Timber and MEP Services : Qualitative Analyses from Builders and Suppliers in Australia ». Buildings 12, no 7 (19 juillet 2022) : 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071044.
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Limited empirical and qualitative studies focus on the detailed processes and obstacles for coordinating off-site prefabrication between builders and suppliers. This research aims to identify and address the obstacles that currently prevent the further expansion of off-site prefabrication, with a research scope on timber and mechanical/electrical/plumbing (MEP) services in construction projects. The focal point of this research is to highlight their obstacles. A total of forty interviews were conducted and analyzed from four builders’ organizations and four suppliers’ organizations to ascertain their obstacles in coordinating the practice of off-site prefabrication. The results found the builder’s obstacles were sustainability, quality assurance (QA), mass production, CAD/BIM, technological support, commercial arrangements, system building, buffering in supply, schedule monitoring, productivity, flexibility, engagement, risks, and multiple supply arrangements. The supplier’s obstacles were design, financing and subcontracting, coordination, recognized practices, risks, multiple supply arrangements, and constraints. Moreover, the builders and suppliers had identified some ways to harmonize off-site prefabrication of timber. Some examples of timber prefabrication technology include joinery, doors and/or windows, structural floor/wall/roof frames, partitions, trusses, stairs, balustrades, and others. MEP services with in situ construction comprise the use of power sources and working coordination. The most important outcome of this investigation is that these obstacles can be addressed through collaboration and coordination. This is because there is a traditionally a lack of collaboration amongst builders and their suppliers. Furthermore, there is a lack of coordination between them in general. The research contributes to the improved timber and MEP services collaboration and coordination in off-site prefabrication, which can be referred to by other approaches of modular construction.
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Pan, Wei, et Chris Goodier. « House-Building Business Models and Off-Site Construction Take-Up ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 18, no 2 (juin 2012) : 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000058.
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Tran, Duc. « Phenomenology method of making a place ». MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018) : 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304021.
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The paper shows the concept of phenomenology originated from Edmund Husserl’s contemplation of “I think, therefore I am.” As the scientific method of consciousness, phenomenology relates to architecture via the phenomenological-self. The method concentrated on investigation and description, without prejudices. Living in the world, the phenomenological-self can be a being man, a perpetual man, a wandering man, or a sensory man. Places appear because these egos have projected them to in-between the Earth and Heaven. The selves rendered their dwelling by reflection, imagination, apperception, or sensation of the built environment. The site historicity impacted on making architecture as humans’ embodiment. The influence can be either site conformation or humans force as traditional culture. Both are the primary objects of the phenomenology method that is taken shape in four steps, from Husserl’s five phases for pure knowledge. Applying those paces in making a place, designer and students keep off their prejudices to produce a pure phenomenological architecture meaningful and articulatory to its surrounding.
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Cormack, Sarah. « A Mausoleum at Ariassos, Pisidia ». Anatolian Studies 39 (décembre 1989) : 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642810.
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The funerary architecture of the Imperial period in south-west Anatolia has long been recognized as deserving of attention due to its variety, complexity, and the sheer number of extant tombs. Recently, a preliminary survey at the Pisidian site of Ariassos has revealed the presence of an extensive necropolis containing a large number of well-preserved tombs. One of the best-preserved and most interesting of these tombs is a large funerary monument, a mausoleum, on a tall podium. An analysis of the mausoleum's type, and its probable antecedents, enables us to reconstruct the architectural climate of this provincial city during the Roman Imperial period.The site of Ariassos, in Pisidia, is located approximately 3 km. south-west of the village of Bademaǧacı, 50 km. north of Antalya, and is today clearly signposted off the main road. The identification of the site has been known since the late nineteenth century, when Ariassos was visited in around 1885 by an Austrian team, under the guidance of K. Lanckoronski; however, the ruins were identified as those of the city of Cretopolis. Using inscriptional evidence, a French epigraphic expedition to Asia Minor correctly identified the site in a publication of 1892.
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Verderber, Stephen, Jake Pauls Wolf et Erik Skouris. « Indigenous Ecohumanist Architecture for Health in Canada’s Far North ». HERD : Health Environments Research & ; Design Journal 13, no 4 (22 juin 2020) : 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586720933176.
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Background: Circumpolar nations are experiencing unprecedented environmental and public health policy challenges due to global climate change, exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources, the endangerment of myriad wildlife species, and growing sovereignty disputes. In a call to action, the Arctic states’ health ministers recently signed a declaration identifying shared priorities for mutual international cooperation. Among agreed-upon collaborations, an enhancement of intercultural understanding and promotion of culturally appropriate healthcare delivery systems is to be of high priority going forward. Purpose and Aim: In far north Canada, health policies perpetuated for generations upon indigenous communities have, traditionally, often had adverse consequences for the medically underserved inhabitants of these communities. This discussion addresses the cultural disconnect between the colonial era and current indigenous, decolonialist health and healing design strategies. Method and Result: In response, two architectural design case studies are presented that synthesize ecological site planning precepts with salutogenic architectural design attributes—a behavioral health and substance abuse residential treatment center and three elderhousing prototypes for construction in Canada’s Northwest Territories. Conclusion: This conceptual synthesis is practicable, transferable, and adaptable to varied, extreme climatic conditions, as reflective of best practices in the delivery of healthcare facilities that express a synthesis of ecohumanist and salutogenic values and methodologies. The discussion concludes with a call for empathic, evidence-based collaboration and research that further examines the blending together of prefabricated off-site construction with on-site construction approaches.
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Arashpour, Mehrdad, Ron Wakefield, Babak Abbasi, Mohammadreza Arashpour et Reza Hosseini. « Optimal process integration architectures in off-site construction : Theorizing the use of multi-skilled resources ». Architectural Engineering and Design Management 14, no 1-2 (21 mars 2017) : 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1302406.
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Jang, YeEun, Jae-Man Lee et JeongWook Son. « Development and Application of an Integrated Management System for Off-Site Construction Projects ». Buildings 12, no 7 (21 juillet 2022) : 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071063.
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The off-site construction (OSC) method has attracted the interest of experts to resolve productivity stagnation and lack of skilled workforce and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry. Due to the unique characteristics of OSC projects, wherein building elements are produced in a factory, transported, and installed in the field, a management approach that differs from the management techniques of previous construction projects is required. Accordingly, with this study, we examined the characteristics of OSC projects and derived key management items through literature review, case analysis, and expert meetings to develop an integrated management system for OSC projects (OSC-IMS). The proposed system, OSC-IMS, integrates the entire supply chain of the OSC project. It includes the following functions: drawing management, scheduling and planning, site installation planning, production planning, production monitoring, shipping and transportation, delivery and inspection, site installation monitoring, and progress payment management. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of OSC-IMS, it was implemented in four projects. The application of the system to the case studies demonstrated the improvements in work efficiency and accuracy and decreased waste time in every work step. The findings indicate that the system can enhance project performance. This study contributes to the identification of the features and key elements of OSC management such that these factors can be linked with managing system development. This work describes the overall effect of the proposed system on real projects.
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Campbell, Adrian, Robert Hairstans et Giulia Jones. « Refocusing modern methods of construction on the climate emergency : a 'five capitals' model for action ». Structural Engineer 98, no 9 (1 septembre 2020) : 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/zymy4857.
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Adrian Campbell, Robert Hairstans and Giulia Jones explain how natural, human, social, manufactured and economic capital can all benefit from a sustainability-focused approach to off-site manufacturing.
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Loizou, Loizos, Khalegh Barati, Xuesong Shen et Binghao Li. « Quantifying Advantages of Modular Construction : Waste Generation ». Buildings 11, no 12 (7 décembre 2021) : 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120622.
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The construction industry is a significant source of waste generation in any economy, producing various greenhouse gases, releasing harmful substances into the natural environment, and requiring large areas of land for processing, treatment, and landfilling. The emerging field of off-site prefabrication and assembly is perceived as a viable method to reduce waste and improve sustainability. However, there is a lack of quantifiable research into the difference between off-site prefabrication and on-site, conventional construction for numerous sustainability criteria. This paper focuses on modular construction as an off-site production system, where a framework to compare waste generation of modular and conventional, in-situ construction methods is proposed. This paper aims to quantify these differences. The framework relies on a comprehensive literature review to estimate the waste rates of building materials, which are then applied to realistic case studies in order to determine the differences in waste generation. Overall, modular construction reduces the overall weight of waste by up to 83.2%, for the cases considered. This corresponds to a 47.9% decrease in the cost of waste for large structures. Care must be taken to keep modular wastage as low as possible for a reduced cost of waste to be also present in smaller structures. This reduces the research gap of quantifying the waste differences between conventional and modular construction, and provides thoroughly researched waste rates for future research, while also improving the knowledge of industry stakeholders, informing them of the benefits of modular construction. This allows stakeholders to make more informed decisions when selecting an appropriate construction method.
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Bendi, Deepthi, Muhammad Qasim Rana, Mohammed Arif, Jack Steven Goulding et Anil Sawhney. « An off-site construction readiness maturity model for the Indian construction sector ». Construction Innovation 21, no 1 (7 octobre 2020) : 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-07-2020-0121.
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Purpose This paper aims to present an off-site construction (OSC) readiness maturity model for assessing the readiness of offsite construction companies in the Indian construction sector. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage consisted of a detailed literature review to document 17 different variables affecting the OSC adoption in India. In Stage 2, 15 semi-structured interviews were carried out where the participants were asked to refine those variables for the Indian context and define what would be different levels of attainment. In the third stage, another set of 5 semi-structure interviews was performed to validate the maturity levels and definitions. Findings A three-level OSC readiness maturity model is presented for discussion. This describes 17 variables at different levels of maturity. Practical Implications The proposed OSC readiness maturity model guides construction practitioners in India through a structured process to enable them to assess their OSC readiness in the market. This assessment enables them to evaluate and benchmark their processes through the strategic and operational phases. The maturity model also identifies the areas of concern and the scope for further development or change to secure the optimal advantage of OSC methods. Originality/value The research produced a model to assess the readiness of OSC adoption in the Indian construction sector. Although the model has been applied to the Indian construction sector, it can easily be modified to accommodate other OSM contexts.
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Cucuzza, M., A. G. Di Stefano, G. Iannaccone et G. Masera. « A BIM-enabled Decision Support System to support large-scale energy retrofitting processes and off-site solutions for envelope insulation ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no 4 (1 novembre 2022) : 042031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042031.
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Abstract The urgency of renewing the Architecture, Engineering and Construction related processes to increase quality standards and performances while reducing costs and operations time is widely discussed in literature. In this scenario, increasing the energy renovation rate of the existing European building stock is a key priority to support the EU’s 2050 decarbonisation targets through innovative solutions. The introduction of prefabricated panels for building renovation – incorporating insulation, mechanical systems, and finishing – can provide the existing buildings with improved structural, thermal, acoustic, and architectural features. The higher quality and safety for the off-site activities, the faster on-site application and the reduction of waste are some advantages of this typology of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC). Several digital and informative tools have been introduced over the last years to customize and integrate the design of prefabricated panels on existing building envelopes (i.e. panelisation tools). However, the comparison of technological alternatives is left to the intuition of designers and managed through the use of several tools that are not interconnected and often downstream the design process. This paper presents a Panelisation Design Tool, which is a Decision Support System (DSS) to help decision-makers in the choice of technological solutions for retrofitting operations during the Early Design Stage. Thanks to BIM integration, some indicators related to different aspects (n Dimensions) are extracted from the model of the panelised building to compare different technologies in a systematic way. The Panelisation Design Tool is tested on a case study building located in the city of Monza, in Northern Italy, used as a pilot in the BIM4EEB European Project. The test aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of the chosen parameters to evaluate multiple technological solutions in an integrated BIM approach.
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Jang, YeEun, JeongWook Son et Sungjoo Hwang. « Requirements Analysis for Development of Off-Site Construction Project Management System : Focusing on Precast Concrete Construction ». Buildings 12, no 10 (21 septembre 2022) : 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101499.
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There has been increasing interest in the off-site construction (OSC) method in response to issues such as stagnant labor productivity, shortage of skilled workers, challenging site management, heightened safety and health-related regulations, and the push for carbon neutrality. Although efficient performance of an OSC project requires development of management techniques, and application of a management system that reflects the characteristics of the OSC projects, related technologies remain in their infancy. In this study, targeting precast concrete (PC) construction, which is one of the representative construction types of the OSC method, we derive the characteristics of OSC project management in six aspects: production place and time, production process, production method of construction, production method, production entity and facilities, and production environment. Based on this result, we further derived the requirements for developing an OSC project management system. Furthermore, based on the derived requirements, we constructed a system development scenario for the establishment of an installation plan and shipment requests. The managerial characteristics and requirements of the OSC project, presented in this study, provide the theoretical basis for developing OSC project management techniques, as well as guidance for the development of the OSC project management system in the future.
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Djarum, D. H., Z. Ahmad et J. Zhang. « Performance Analysis of Neural Network Architecture in Developing Real-Time Malaysian River Water Quality Model ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1257, no 1 (1 octobre 2022) : 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012022.
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Abstract According to the world health organization, 485,000 people died each year due to water-related health diseases which are mainly contributed by poor river water quality. As a result, water quality monitoring stations have been deployed across the world. Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of the off-site water quality parameters, the water quality index (WQI) cannot be assessed in real-time. This has led to a significant push for the scientific community to develop an accurate and robust water quality prediction model. The dynamic and nonlinear nature of water quality parameters are major challenges for traditional machine learning algorithms such as multi linear regression to capture. In this study, the water quality index prediction model was developed using the feedforward artificial neural network (FANN) algorithms utilizing only on-site parameters. The performance of different nonlinear activation functions in the hidden neurons was thoroughly analysed which includes rectified linear unit (ReLU), scaled exponential linear unit (SELU), and exponential linear unit (ELU). Additionally, various initialization and optimization algorithms were also evaluated for maximum performance and efficiency. The results shows that FANN-ELU model coupled with Glorot initialization technique and AdaGrad optimizer outperformed other model combinations with an R2 value of 0.88 and mean squared error (MSE) value of 22.74.
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Vakhula, V. « Energy-efficient microclimate formation in a historical religious monument building with wall paintings ». Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 41 (12 avril 2022) : 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2022.41.55-60.
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In order to preserve complex historical objects with unique architectural, engineering solutions and monumental art that are of cultural and historical value, the task of maintaining the microclimate parameters determined by museum specialists is relevant. The object of the study is St. Sophia Cathedral – a monument of architecture, history and monumental painting of national importance, which is a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site. The location of it in the city centre determines the influence of adverse outdoor conditions, in particular, high air pollution, and the attraction of the site – a high level of attendance and, as a result, dynamic changes in the indoor parameters of the air environment. The existing regime of heat, moisture and gases in the St. Sophia Cathedral is periodic with characteristic maxima of temperature and relative humidity values in different areas of the building when people visit it. Three series of natural studies of the air environment parameters in the Cathedral were carried out. The first series was held on 02 October 2019 at an outdoor temperature of plus 18.9 °C and a relative humidity of 47.5 % with the ventilation system turned off and on before the start of the heating season. The second series of measurements was carried out on 12-14 November 2019 at an outside air temperature of plus 8.9 °C and a relative humidity of 73 % with the ventilation turned off and the heating turned on. The third series of measurements was carried out on 08 February 2020 at an outside air temperature of minus 3.2 °C and a relative humidity of 56.2 % with ventilation off and heating on. An analysis of the results indicates the need for reconstruction and modernization of the engineering microclimate systems and heat supply of the Cathedral. Currently, the physical deterioration of heating and ventilation systems is 75-85%. They need immediate reconstruction and change of operating mode. Taking into account the performed field studies, a project for the modernization of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems was developed.
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Nawa, Yuji, Go Urakawa, Hiro Ikemi, Ryota Hamamoto et Haruo Hayashi. « Geography Network for Sharing Geospatial Information in Disaster Management ». Journal of Disaster Research 5, no 1 (1 février 2010) : 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0108.
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The Chuetsu earthquake restoration and revival support geographic information system (GIS) project was launched after the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake. It was the first project to gather disaster GIS data at one place, and provide them by Web GIS from off–site of the disaster site in Japan. To facilitate sharing disaster geospatial information, we introduced a framework of Geography Network as GIS portal. The GIS portal was based on loosely–coupled system architecture. Therefore, it was able to change the system structure by system requirement of the project. The GIS portal was used continuously and commonly for the 2005 Fukuoka Earthquake and 2005–2006 Heavy Snow Disaster and the 2007 Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake. In this paper, we define the system requirement to share disaster geospatial information by knowledge from case studies, and describe a practical method to build the framework, demonstrate the benefit from the framework.
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MIHARA, Hitoshi, et Ko SUZUKI. « THE EXECUTION REPORT OF THE OFF-JT AT THE PLASTERING SITE SUPERVISOR ACCREDITATION WORKSHOP AND A FUTURE SUBJECT : Study on building technology skills education for the development of plastering site supervisors Part 1(Education) ». AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 12, no 24 (2006) : 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.12.445.
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Chung, Sheng-Hung, et Ean-Teng Khor. « Mobile Agents Approach for Transaction Processing in Mobile Database Systems – Mobile Learning Environment ». Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 6, no 1 (1 septembre 2011) : 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-06-01-2011-b008.
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This paper describes the architecture of using the Mobile Agent and ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) in Mobile e-Learning (mLearning). In the coming years, there will be an incremental amount of mobile learning experiments for the purpose of implementing mobile ICTs into mainstream education. In this article, the Replication Agent and Snapshot Agent architecture is proposed as an effective way to overcome the problem of heavy loading on the limited bandwidth used in wireless transmission for mobile learning environment merge replication process. The implementation of mobile agents as middleware for mLearning environment is to provide database replication between learners and off-site database e.g., Knowledge Management Centre's (KMC) databases using handheld devices. The approach using the combination of both these agents plays an important role in wireless transmission. It provides an intelligent solution to the limitation of the wireless bandwidth by lowering the bandwidth taken up during the bursts of mobile transactions. In this proposed technique, a mLearning database is determined as a Snapshot publisher where a compact edition of files and information is generated at the snapshot location which resides on the central database server. Learners may retrieve quick bursts of information through mobile applications wirelessly. The Replication Agent offers the flexibility to move from one site (user) to another (central database) for essential data synchronization. In order to provide learners with appropriate courses, a prototype on mLearning platform supporting three-layered structure and device adapting was put forward. The architecture of the platform discussed in this study as the mobile agent approach would facilitate more widespread use of mLearning, including in courses discussions between learners and academicians.
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Everhart, Chad. « Valle Crucis Mobile Performance Stage : A Transformative Response to a Changing Landscape ». Journal of Appalachian Studies 19, no 1-2 (1 avril 2013) : 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/42635929.
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Abstract In general, buildings are comprised of numerous inactive elements and rooted to a site. With the exception of a few operable doors and windows, buildings are static. What if architecture were able to move and transform? Can a building serve multiple purposes and change appearances in an effort to adapt to its users and context? To address the vernacular architecture and fragile floodplains of the Valle Crucis community, students and faculty from Appalachian State’s Building Science Program designed and built a mobile, off-grid performance stage for Valle Crucis Community Park. Since the park’s former performance accommodations could no longer handle the large crowds at weekly events, a new performance stage was needed. Unfortunately, because most of the park was recently designated as a floodplain, permanent structures were not allowed unless constructed upwards of ten feet above the ground, causing acoustic, visual, and crowd interaction problems for a stage. Through extensive research and creative problem solving, a design solution was reached: build a transformable structure that serves multiple junctions and can be moved based upon user needs as well as flooding.
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Aligianni, Sofia, et Patrick Varga-Weisz. « Chromatin-remodelling factors and the maintenance of transcriptional states through DNA replication ». Biochemical Society Symposia 73 (1 janvier 2006) : 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0730097.
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At the replication fork, nucleosomes, transcription factors and RNA polymerases are stripped off the DNA, the DNA double strands are unzipped and DNA methylation marks may be erased. Therefore DNA replication is both a ‘curse’ and ‘bliss’ for the epigenome, as it disrupts its stability by causing chromatin perturbations, yet it offers an opportunity to initiate changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression patterns, especially during development. Thus the DNA replication site is a critical point for regulation. It has become apparent that there is a close functional relationship between those factors that regulate transcriptional competence and the DNA replication programme. In this review we discuss novel insights into how chromatin-remodelling factors at replication sites are involved in both the maintenance and regulation of transcriptional states.
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Acacia, S., R. Babbetto, M. Casanova, E. Macchioni et D. Pittaluga. « PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A TOOL FOR CHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF FIRED BRICKS STRUCTURES IN GENOA AREA ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (9 octobre 2017) : 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-749-2017.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the applications of photogrammetry in the field of archaeology of architecture. Specifically, to test possible advantages in adopting this tool for undertaking brick measurements for chronological dating of fired bricks historic structures. Mensiochronology analysis is a direct and non-destructive method providing an absolute dating of stratigraphic units. It is based on direct inspection and survey of bricks. Depending on the accessibility of the surface being studied, mensiochronology is suitable for vertical structures of limited height or relies on the availability of scaffolding and lifting equipment. There are several advantages in applying photogrammetry to brick measurement, among them: the possibility to undertake measurements of every kind of surface; the reduction of on-site survey time; the opportunity to repeat measurements off-site; the possibility to increase the number of measured elements in subsequent phases and by different operators. To explore the application of photogrammetry for mensiochronology three case studies are analyzed, testing the effectiveness of this tool on buildings displaying diverse features (e.g. handmade and industrial bricks) and dating back to different periods.
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Choi, Sangsu, Jungyub Woo, Jun Kim et Ju Yeon Lee. « Digital Twin-Based Integrated Monitoring System : Korean Application Cases ». Sensors 22, no 14 (21 juillet 2022) : 5450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145450.
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A digital twin is a virtual model of a process, product, or service, which is one of the key technologies in the fourth industry. The pairing of the virtual and physical world allows analysis of data and monitoring of systems to head off problems before they occur. This paper presents a digital twin architecture and a system based on an interoperable data model. It explains how to build a digital twin for the integrated control monitoring using edge devices, data analytics, and realistic 3D visualization. The system allows continuous collaboration between field engineers for data gathering, designers for modeling 3D models, and layout engineers for layout changing by generating 3D digital twin models automatically. The system helps stakeholders focus on their respective roles to build digital twins. Examples applied to the Korean automotive parts makers are also introduced in this paper. The system can be easily used by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large companies. Beyond simply watching the production site with CCTV, the production site can be intuitively managed based on the digital twin.
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Li, Ximeng, Chris J. Blackman, Brendan Choat, Paul D. Rymer, Belinda E. Medlyn et David T. Tissue. « Drought tolerance traits do not vary across sites differing in water availability in Banksia serrata (Proteaceae) ». Functional Plant Biology 46, no 7 (2019) : 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18238.
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Interspecific variation in plant hydraulic traits plays a major role in shaping species distributions across climates, yet variation within species is poorly understood. Here we report on intraspecific variation of hydraulic traits in Banksia serrata (L.f.) sampled from three sites characterised by contrasting climates (warm-wet, warm-dry and cool-wet). Hydraulic characteristics including vulnerability to embolism, hydraulic conductance, pressure-volume traits and key morphological traits were measured. Vulnerability to embolism in leaf and stem, defined by the water potential inducing 50 and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 and P88 respectively), did not differ across sites. However, plants from the warm-dry environment exhibited higher stem conductivity (Ks) than the cool-wet environment. Leaf turgor loss point (TLP) did not vary among sites, but warm-dry site plants showed lower leaf capacitance (C*FT) and higher modulus of elasticity (ε) than the other two sites. Plants from the cool-wet site had lower specific leaf area (SLA) and plants from the warm-dry site had lower sapwood density (WD). Overall, key hydraulic traits were generally conserved across populations despite differences in mean site water availability, and the safety-efficiency trade-off was absent in this species. These results suggest that B. serrata has limited ability to adjust hydraulic architecture in response to environmental change and thus may be susceptible to climate change-type drought stress.
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Ben Stewart S., Dhanush N., Santhosh G. et Angelin Gladston. « Efficient Client-Side Cross-Platform Compatible Solution for Phishing Prevention ». International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 12, no 1 (janvier 2022) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.297855.
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Phishing is a crime where the victim is contacted by an attacker posing as a trustworthy source and lure them into providing sensitive information. This work makes sure that time delay is averted and the attack can be thwarted with fewer computational resources. To solve the above mentioned problem, a web browser add-on that works as a background script on the client side is implemented. All the background scripts made cross platform compatible to make the development easier and more efficient. The contribution in this paper is the new add-on, Off-the-hook-plus. The main objective of this Off-the-hook-plus is to find if the web page that the user visits is a phish or not. The page redirect logs along with the page details are used to find if the site is a phish or not. And then if the site happens to be a phish, the similar looking site which this web page tries to impersonate is given. To make the repeated accesses faster, a whitelist is maintained, where all the safe sites are logged. The add-on is experimentally evaluated and the results are discussed and is found to be effective.
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Alix, Claire. « Using wood on King Island, Alaska ». Études/Inuit/Studies 36, no 1 (23 mai 2013) : 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015955ar.
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Abstract Ugiuvak, or King Island, off the coast of the Seward Peninsula in the Bering Strait, is among the few Arctic villages with stilt houses in an environment where wood is essentially lacking. In 1899, Edward W. Nelson, describing the island’s architecture, noted that wood was abundant. Today, the contrast is striking between the bareness and steepness of the coast and the extensive use of wood in the village. This article presents information about wood procurement and use as building material on Ugiuvak in the last 300 years based on literature review, on-site observations, and discussions with members of the King Island community. It briefly reviews the origin, circulation, and deposition of driftwood in the Bering Strait region. It then explores the possibility of a relationship in the 19th century between an increase in driftwood availability and the development of stilt architecture on the island, taking into account other wood sources that became available at the time. The last 150 years of occupation of the village were marked by a transition from a solely driftwood-based economy to one where driftwood was first supplemented and then largely replaced by lumber.
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Silva, Luís, et Ana Delicado. « Wind farms and rural tourism : A Portuguese case study of residents’ and visitors’ perceptions and attitudes ». Moravian Geographical Reports 25, no 4 (1 décembre 2017) : 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0021.
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Abstract Residents’ and visitors’ perceptions of and attitudes towards existing wind farms, as well as the perceived impact of wind farms on tourism, are examined in this article with reference to a built heritage site in the Portuguese countryside. Based on a set of semi-structured interviews, the paper sheds light on the positive impact that the community’s or local actors’ involvement in the constitution, management and decision-making processes has on the residents’ perceptions and attitudes regarding wind farms, and also on the trade-off with the perceived effect of wind farms on local tourism. Moreover, it shows that although most visitors criticised the proximity of wind turbines to medieval architecture, a clear majority of them accepted their presence and virtually all of them stated that these facilities had no impact on their choice of destination.
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Thuesen, Christian, et Lars Hvam. « Rethinking the Business Model in Construction by the Use of Off-Site System Deliverance : Case of the Shaft Project ». Journal of Architectural Engineering 19, no 4 (décembre 2013) : 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000095.
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Burrows, Steve. « Return of the master architect ». Structural Engineer 98, no 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/jibi9980.
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Long before architecture became a profession, the ‘architect’ was the ‘chief carpenter’, from the Greek word architekton. Architecture as a profession was formalised in the UK in 1834 and the USA in 1857. Prior to that, architects and engineers were pretty much as one, a great example being Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, often cited as the first architect but just as often referred to as the Chief Engineer of the Roman Empire. Vitruvius described the need for architecture to be well built (firmitas), useful in its purpose (utilitas) and beautiful to look at (venustas) – sentiments I think we can all align with today. In my opinion, the Great Pyramid, which I have been fortunate to study for TV shows, represents the birth of modern architecture. I refer to ‘modern architecture’ as the Great Pyramid is the epitome of a complex three-dimensional design conceived and created using method-led off-site manufacturing and construction techniques – to the extent that even 4500 years later we cannot determine how Hemiunu, its engineer/architect, actually did it. Fast forward to 2014, which is the year Frank Gehry said, ‘Let me tell you one thing. In this world we are living in, 98% of what gets built and designed today is pure s**t’. Whether you agree with this vulgarity or not, the construction industry needs a shake-up and that shake-up has now arrived. It’s called PropTech or ConTech. ConTech refers to the digital transformation of the construction industry. With that transformation, two tectonic shifts are about to occur: 1. It will become the greatest time in history to be an engineer (that’s an article for another day). 2. The master architect will return to rival the feats of Hemiunu and Vitruvius.