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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Occupational mobility – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Occupational mobility – European Union countries"

Kovacheva, Siyka, et Darena Hristozova. « Work careers of Bulgarian migrants in the European Union ». Sociologija 63, n^o 4 (2021) : 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2104603k.

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After Bulgaria?s accession to the EU in 2007 increasing numbers of mobile workers have chosen emigration to the West as an attractive option for achieving a more satisfactory employment. The public debate in Bulgaria however perceives this mobility as a loss of human capital, while in the receiving countries in Western Europe immigrants are largely seen as a threat to the local labour markets. This paper builds upon 42 qualitative interviews conducted with Bulgarian labour migrants in four EU countries as part of the international project GEMM (2016- 2019). We selected interviewees with diverse education and qualifications achieved in the home and the destination country and explored their work trajectories and career aspirations. The analysis focuses on migrant capital accumulated, mobilized and negotiated in the host country and the subjective meanings attributed to the events in the life course. An important finding of the paper is that the interviewed migrants understand a successful work career to be something more than a rise in income or occupational hierarchy and associate it with a wider range of achievements: autonomy, self-reliance, learning. Often low-prestige jobs are not perceived as a failure, but rather as a new opportunity for development in personal, social and occupational terms. Migrants? work career is an essential part of their wider lived experiences.

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Gerlinger, Thomas, et Rolf Schmucker. « Transnational migration of health professionals in the European Union ». Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, suppl 2 (2007) : S184—S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400008.

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The establishment of the European Common Market has involved the free movement not only of capital and goods, but also of persons and services. The principles of free movement also apply to the health care sector, i.e. they allow for the free incorporation of health care providers and the cross-border delivery of services. Since the 1970s, the European Union (EU) has passed numerous regulations to enforce the mutual recognition of qualifications of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals by the Member States, considered an indispensable precondition for the free movement of services. Thus far, the establishment of a European job market for the health care professions has not led to extensive migration among the EU Member States. Likewise, the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU in 2004 did not cause a "brain drain" to the better-off countries of Western and Northern Europe. However, the mobility among health care professions is expected to increase in the coming years.

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Williams, Gemma A., Gabrielle Jacob, Ivo Rakovac, Cris Scotter et Matthias Wismar. « Health professional mobility in the WHO European Region and the WHO Global Code of Practice : data from the joint OECD/EUROSTAT/WHO-Europe questionnaire ». European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_4 (1 septembre 2020) : iv5—iv11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa124.

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Abstract WHO Member States adopted the Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel 10 years ago. This study assesses adherence with the Code’s principles and its continuing relevance in the WHO Europe region with regards to international recruitment of health workers. Data from the joint OECD/EUROSTAT/WHO-Europe questionnaire from 2010 to 2018 are analyzed to determine trends in intra- and inter-regional mobility of foreign-trained doctors and nurses working in case study destination countries in Europe. In 2018, foreign-trained doctors and nurses comprised over a quarter of the physician workforce and 5% of the nursing workforce in five of eight and four of five case study countries, respectively. Since 2010, the proportion of foreign-trained nurses and doctors has risen faster than domestically trained professionals, with increased mobility driven by rising East-West and South-North intra-European migration, especially within the European Union. The number of nurses trained in developing countries but practising in case study countries declined by 26%. Although the number of doctors increased by 27%, this was driven by arrivals from countries experiencing conflict and volatility, suggesting countries generally are increasingly adhering to the Code’s principles on ethical recruitment. To support ethical recruitment practices and sustainable workforce development in the region, data collection and monitoring on health worker mobility should be improved.

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Villani, Leonardo, Roberta Pastorino, Walter Ricciardi, John Ioannidis et Stefania Boccia. « Inverse correlates of COVID-19 mortality across European countries during the first versus subsequent waves ». BMJ Global Health 6, n^o 8 (août 2021) : e006422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006422.

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The objectives of the study were to calculate the standardised mortality rates (SMRs) for COVID-19 in European Union/European Economic Area countries plus the UK and Switzerland and to evaluate the correlation between SMRs and selected indicators in the first versus the subsequent waves until 23 June 2021. We used indirect standardisation (using Italy as the reference) to compute SMRs and considered 16 indicators of health and social well-being, health system capacity and COVID-19 response. The highest SMRs were in Belgium, the UK and Spain in the first wave (1.20–1.84) and in Hungary, Czechia and Slovakia in the subsequent waves (2.50–2.69). Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, urbanisation and healthcare expenditure had positive correlations with SMR in the first wave (rho=0.30–0.46), but negative correlations (rho=−0.67 to −0.47) in the subsequent waves. Retail/recreation mobility and transit mobility were negatively correlated with SMR in the first wave, while transit mobility was inversely correlated with SMR in the subsequent waves. The first wave hit most hard countries with high HDI, high life expectancy, high urbanisation, high health expenditures and high tourism. This pattern may reflect higher early community seeding and circulation of the virus. Conversely, in the subsequent waves, this pattern was completely inversed: countries with more resources and better health status did better than eastern European countries. While major SMR differences existed across countries in the first wave, these differences largely dissipated by 23 June 2021, with few exceptions.

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Marinescu, Nicolae, Anca Madar, Nicoleta Andreea Neacsu et Camelia Schiopu. « An Empirical Research on the Behavioral Perceptions of University Students on Their ERASMUS Mobilities Abroad ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 9 (9 mai 2022) : 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095756.

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The European Union (EU) labor market needs a better-skilled workforce that can work in any of the Member States. In order to develop the skills and competencies of future competitors in this market, several student mobility programs have been set up in the EU, where they can travel to universities in partner countries to further their studies and enrich their academic performance, culture and knowledge. The best known of these programs is ERASMUS (European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students). Because Romania also participates in this program in the exchange of university students, the authors wanted, through this study, to highlight the benefits and challenges of participation in the program, to analyze how international mobilities are emotionally perceived by students and what are the behavioral reasons that determine Romanian students to choose a certain university as a study destination abroad. For this purpose, the authors conducted quantitative marketing research among students from the Transilvania University of Brasov who have been abroad with ERASMUS scholarships. The research results show that an important component in choosing a certain university is not the financial expense during the mobility as might have been expected, but rather the initial desire to study abroad. Students also consider the improvement of their academic performance as an equally important reason for embarking on mobility to the social aspect of getting to know other cultures.

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BRIDGEN, PAUL, et TRAUTE MEYER. « Divided citizenship : how retirement in the host country affects the financial status of intra-European Union migrants ». Ageing and Society 39, n^o 3 (16 octobre 2017) : 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000927.

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AbstractSince European Union (EU) enlargement in 2003, labour migration from East to West and South to North has increased. It is to be expected that a share of these workers will want to retire in their host countries. According to the academic literature, EU legislation protects such mobility well by allowing the transfer of rights accrued in any EU country to another. However, such research has focused on legislation, not outcomes. We know little about how migration will affect the financial status of retired migrants in their host country and their ability to sustain a life there, should they stay after retirement. Using migration, wage and pension policy data (Eurostat, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), this paper projects the post-retirement incomes of a range of hypothetical EU migrants, selected in relation to the most common migratory flows since 2003. After having worked in their home countries (Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Italy) for at least ten years, these people move to richer countries (Italy, Spain, Germany, United Kingdom) and work there for at least 30 years. To determine whether they can remain settled after decades of labour force participation in the host country, the paper adds their pension entitlements from home and host countries and compares this income with the relative poverty line of the host countries. This shows that good portability of entitlements matters little when these are very low because of a large wage gap between home and host country. Thus, after at least 30 years of enjoying all citizenship rights as workers, most of these individuals are projected to receive incomes below the relative poverty line of their host countries and thus experience a sharp drop in this status. Their citizenship is diminished. The paper concludes by considering policies that could avoid such an outcome.

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Němec, Miroslav, Tomáš Gergeľ, Miloš Gejdoš, Anna Danihelová et Vojtěch Ondrejka. « Selected Approaches to the Assessment of Environmental Noise from Railways in Urban Areas ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 13 (2 juillet 2021) : 7086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137086.

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Rail transport is the second most important way of transporting people and freights by land in the European Union. Rail noise affects around 12 million people in the European Union during the day and around 9 million at night. There are two possible ways to assess environmental noise: noise measurement in situ and prediction using mathematical models. The aim of the work is based on the performed measurements and selected noise predictions to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction models and assess their sensitivity to various aspects. Two measuring points in the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region, within Slovakia, were selected for measurement, which is characterized by increased mobility of the population. For prediction, the two methodologies were selected (Schall 03 and Methodical instructions for the calculation of sound pressure level from transport). The results show that the Schall 03 method is sensitive to the measurement location (the value reaches half of the significance level) and to the location–period interaction. The second prediction method is sensitive to systematic error (absolute term) and, such as Schall 03, to the location–period interaction. This method systematically overestimates the results. Results showed greater accuracy of both prediction models compared to the measured noise values than the results of the authors in other countries and conditions.

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Romiszewska, Anna. « Influence of immigration on dynamics of economic growth and on condition and standing of public finance of Spain ». Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, n^o 2 (5 décembre 2015) : 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2015.2.10.

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At the turn of 20th and 21st century, Spain was one of target countries of earning immigration not only in the European Union, but in the entire world as well. This paper aims at analyzing the influence of immigration on the dynamics of Spanish GDP in the context of its direct influence on the level of productivity, employment rate, as well as the demographic factor that results from the share of working foreigners in the creation of national income, and the indirect impact resulting from its influence on, among other things, functioning of the labor market through mobility or occupational activity, as well as on changes in the volume of demand notified in the economy. Next, we are going to present the influence of immigration on condition and standing of public finance against the background of revenues generated by foreigners and public expenditures borne on immigrated population. Due to the size of this paper and difficult availability of data, the analysis will cover the country as a whole, disregarding regional differences

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Novicic, Zaklina. « Freedom of movement for persons in the European Union Law ». Medjunarodni problemi 55, n^o 1 (2003) : 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0301057n.

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In this article the author analyses the evolution of complex corpus of legislation concerning the freedom of movement for persons in European Union Law. The article deals with the subject in two aspects: the first part of the analysis considers the conceptual development of free movement of persons by way of deliberation of building-up the authority of Union in that area, and the second part analyses the contents of the right of the Union citizens to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member State. The freedom of movement for people includes the right of Union citizens to enter, move and reside in another Member State and, in that context prohibition of any discrimination based on nationality. Conceived originally as primarily an economic phenomenon, the free movement of persons was closely linked to the pursuit of an occupation. It was the mobility of human resources as a factor of production, which inspired the chapters of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957) relating to the free movement of workers, freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services. In that sense, freedom of movement is a part of a wider concept, that of the common/internal market. Since then, through the combined effect of secondary legislation and the case law of the Court of Justice, the concept has been broadened and it tends, from the Maastricht Treaty (1992), to form one of the fundamental and individual rights of Union citizens generally. Also, the amendments of EEC Treaty, which were made by the Single European Act (1985) and specially by the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) and the Treaty of Nice (2001), have formalised the external aspect of freedom of movement. Namely, it was recognised that freedom of movement for persons could not take place at the expense of security, protection against crime and illegal immigration. The abolition of internal controls has generated the need of the transferring checks to the external frontiers of the Union and, in this connection, the gradual establishment of an area of freedom, security and justice. In the first part of the article the author presents and analyses the development of the Union power in the policies of freedom of movement: in facilitating of free movement of people as a principle of the common/internal/single market, in achievement of the right to free movement for Union citizens, and also in the fields related to the external aspect of freedom of movement, or, actually, the issues pertaining to visas, asylum and immigration. The second part presents the specific contents of freedom of movement for persons that consists of the corpus of individual rights enjoyed by Union citizens on the territories of EU Member States that are not countries of their origin. These are the right to entry and residence and the right to engagement in gainful activity as well as the related social rights. This part of the article also explores the freedom of movement restriction regime as well as the corresponding Union legislation in preparation.

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MUFTAKHOVA, A. N. « TERRITORIAL MOBILITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES ». Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 14, n^o 1 (2019) : 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2019-14-1-145-160.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Occupational mobility – European Union countries"

Wu, Xin. « The European Union labor market :opportunities and challenges from the Eastern enlargement ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953684.

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Zhang, Chenchen. « Territory, rights and mobility : theorising the citizenship/migration nexus in the context of europeanisation ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209346.

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The overarching objective of this dissertation is to conceptualise the spatiality of citizenship through an exposure to its various others – especially to mobile subjectivity. In particular, it examines the changing patterns of territorialising space, distributing rights and regulating mobility in the intertwined politics of citizenship and that of migration in the EU. Building on the approach of critical citizenship studies, it assumes that the practices and discourses of othering have been constituent of the very foundation of modern citizenship, and understands citizenship at the interface between the governing structure and the acts of the governed that rupture, resist or appropriate it. In this framework, the thesis first of all looks at the spatial configurations of national citizenship by analysing the trajectories in which the interrelated concepts of territory, rights and mobility participate, and are reshaped, in the project of making the citizen and her various others.

The main part of the thesis investigates the ways in which the interrelations between these spatial dimensions of citizenship are reconfigured in a multiplied citizenship-migration nexus under the process of Europeanisation. It first looks at two different notions of territory – a statist one and a networked one – that are visible in the official discourses, yet it highlights the fact that the technologies that are supposed to produce each type of territoriality often converge. Thus I read the politics of Eurostar and the Channel Tunnel project as one that involves competing patterns of territoriality and manifests the dynamics between facilitated and obstructed mobilities at a moving border. However, the permeability of this border is partly enabled by the uneven and ambiguous configurations of Schengenland itself, and draws attention to the excessive forms of mobility that challenge and break with the official formulation of free movement rights. Thus we turn to the intricate relationship between mobility and citizenship in Europe following our dialogical approach: focusing on the rationalities implied in the government of free movement on one hand, and the paths through which to redefine the right to mobility on the other. In the light of Rancière’s reconceptualisation of rights and democracy, I present two examples each employing different strategies to politicise and mobilise mobility: one is through appealing to the universal, the other legitimating the particular. The politics of mobility is also seen as an endeavour of producing alternative spaces against the territorialised state-centric space to which the imagination of citizenship is usually limited. In discussing a possible global ethics, however, I argue that the dynamics between rights and citizenship are not bound to an emancipatory end. While the juridical system of differentiated rights is constantly challenged by those who claim that they have the rights they are denied to, once the ‘achievements’ of rights-claims are re-appropriated in the juridico-political form of citizenship, this form continues to reproduce boundaries and differential inclusions which shall again be contested. A self-critical global ethics therefore should be conscious about the imperfectability of citizenship and the impossibility of community.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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LUBOW, Alexis. « Taming regulatory competition : interest groups v. joint decision trap : four EU policy cases on workers mobility ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46447.

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Defence date: 18 May 2017
Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, EUI (Supervisor); Professor László Bruszt, EUI; Professor Pieter Bouwen, University of Leuven; Professor Susanne K. Schmidt, University of Bremen
Worker migration across EU member states’ borders constitutes an increasingly salient issue. Unlike the liberalization of trade in goods, it has spilled into other policy areas in many unexpected ways. It contributed to turning the so called Bolkestein Directive on services into a highly politicized policymaking episode. Subsequent decisions adopted by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) have only aggravated looming conflicts between high and low standard countries, new and old member states, competing social partners and political parties within the European Parliament. Policy issues that are resolutely foreign to EU competences, like the right to strike, have been affected as well. Simply put, recent policy developments about worker migration illustrate the increasingly contested nature of European integration. In that context, decision makers are trapped into a prisoner’s dilemma that is a real or perceived risk arising from regulatory competition. Hence, member states’ preference heterogeneity translates into an amplified risk of policymaking deadlock. Therefore, the question that this dissertation aims to answer is: under which conditions can EU institutions collectively negotiate positive policy solutions in the context of regulatory competition? Taken in isolation, a change in member state’s bargaining attitudes is unlikely and puzzling. Instead, I argue that when there is a high risk of deadlock in the Council the successful negotiation of policy instruments depends significantly on the relative homogeneity of preferences of competing social partners and their ability to defend pan‐European interests next to national immediate interests. The empirical analysis examines four cases of policy negotiations in relation to worker mobility within the EU. Negotiations over the 2006 Services Directive are sliced into two distinct strategic interactions. In addition, I examine the failed negotiations over the 2012 Monti II Proposal on the right to take collective action and the successful negotiations over the 2014 Directive on the enforcement of the 1996 Posted Worker Directive. The selection of cases aims to carry out a conceptual experiment in which the strategic setting is maintained relatively constant while variations in actors’ preferences and strategies may affect policy outputs.

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PELTONEN, Ellinoora. « Private control instruments in the European consumer, occupational health and safety, and environmental policies ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15407.

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Defence Date: 06 December 2010
Examining Board: Fabrizio CAFAGGI (Supervisor, EUI); Christian JOERGES (former EUI/University of Bremen); Colin SCOTT (University College, Dublin); Jyrki TALA (University of Turku and National Research Institute of Legal Policy, Helsinki)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
European Union’s (EU) legislature allows for EU level private interest governments (PIGs): stakeholders, industry, professional and co-operative bodies; and control entrepreneurs (PriCEs) to complement regulatory strategies. However, governance studies have infrequently conducted cross-sector analysis on how they assist in implementing EU policies. This study conducts cross-sector analysis of private compliance instruments (PCIs) utilised as partial implementing strategy to EU’s business regulation across consumer, worker health, safety and environmental policies. It introduces several opportunities to learn from differences. PriCEs appear operational PCIs throughout several legislative and private regulatory frameworks; regulatory sectors; targeting sector- or business-specific compliance; and employing either command-and-control or reflexive/responsive regulatory modes. However, workable 'in-house' PCIs implemented by PIGs necessitate specific market architecture and legislative pressure. Within sectors of health and safety of consumers and workers specific conditions may support in-house PCIs, which control business-specific compliance within command-and-control mode. However, within environmental sector, such in-house PCIs appear unfeasible. The EU legislature has also architected PCIs, which somewhat equate to reflexive/responsive mode, to consumer and environmental policies, whilst it has abstained from introduction of such instruments to worker health and safety due to autonomous social dialogue. Generally, at EU level, the potential for using outfitted reflexive mode PCIs appears greater than employing command-and-control mode in CPIs.

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SMISMANS, Stijn. « Functional participation in European occupational health and safety policy : democratic nightmare or additional source of legitimacy ? » Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4787.

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Defence date: 14 January 2002
Examining Board: Prof. G. de Búrca (EUI Law Department), co-supervisor ; Prof. R. Dehousse (Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Paris/ former EUI Law Department), supervisor ; Judge K. Lenaerts (Court of First Instance/ and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) ; Prof. P.C. Schmitter (EUI Department of Political and Social Sciences)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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WENTZEL, Joachim. « An Imperative to Adjust ? : skill formation in England and Germany ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13283.

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Defence Date: 05/12/2009
Examining Board: Adrienne Héritier (EUI/RSCAS); Ewart Keep (Cardiff University); Martin Kohli (EUI) (Supervisor); Vivien A. Schmidt (Boston University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This dissertation deals with education systems and the change observed within them alongside changes in the wider political economy. The research is conducted by way of a comparative case study of England and Germany, two countries which in the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) literature represent two very different types of economic coordination (thereby making the study conform to a 'most different research design'). Extending the VoC approach, not only vocational education and training but also school education and higher education are analysed, since these two areas contribute decisively to national skill formation. The point of departure is the puzzling fact that the current reforms of the education systems of both countries are departing from the paths predicted by the VoC approach. The thesis thus argues against institutional path-dependency in the two countries, and in favour of an ideational approach based on discursive institutionalism. First, the theoretical chapter (second chapter) of the thesis includes discussions of discursive institutionalism, policy diffusion, and conceptual mechanisms of institutional change, and provides a framework which accounts for path-deviant discourses and reforms. Secondly, a description of the three educational areas in both countries sketches the paths the systems should have pursued if they were to evolve path-dependently. Thereby this chapter serves as a reference point against which recent developments are assessed (fourth chapter). Thirdly, a textual discourse analysis of various White Papers of the British Government formulating policies on skill formation serves to identify visions and aims. The same procedure is applied for relevant policy papers in Germany (fifth chapter). Finally, the translation of visions into concrete policy measures is analysed by focusing on three important reform measures in each country (sixth chapter). On the basis of the policy cycle stages these measures are traced back to their original intentions and are contrasted with the implemented initiatives. This procedure elucidates how reforms match and potentially alter the existing institutional design, how ideas drive educational reforms, and how they resist, 'bend', or even vanish, once they are employed in concrete policy initiatives.

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Tani, Massimiliano. « A region-based study of foreign labour in the European Union : skill patterns and implications for native employment ». Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148456.

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WĘGRZYNOWSKA, Beata. « Companies v. natural persons under the principle of the freedom of establishment ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13555.

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BAUER, Michael W. « The transformation of the European Commission : a study of supranational management capacity in EU structural funds implementation in Germany ». Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5201.

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Defence date: 23 October 2000
Examining Board: Adrienne Héritier, MPP-RdG, Bonn (supervisor) ; Jacques Ziller, EUI ; Michael Keating, EUI ; Les Metcalfe, EIPA, Maastricht
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
How can we approach the Commission's role as co-manager of policy implementation? Why should we expect the Commission to be pulled into domestic policy execution and to accumulate something like an implementation management capacity? How should we conceptualise the Commission's linkage with post-decision management issues? Finally, how does the Commission's involvement in the application of EU policies, if any, significantly change everything? Such questions are answered in this study, which is concerned with what may be called the implementation management capacity of the European Commission. Simply put, this is the role the Commission plays in the implementation of large-scale European spending programmes. While it is true that the Commission's predominant prerogatives are to draft legislation and facilitate bargaining, it also has a role in post-decision policy management. This role is of increasing importance for the emerging governance of the European Union.

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Livres sur le sujet "Occupational mobility – European Union countries"

Rolfe, Heather. Labour mobility in the European Union. London : Policy Studies Institute, 1995.

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1955-, Schneider Norbert F., et Meil Landwerlin Gerardo, dir. Mobile living across Europe I : Relevance and diversity of job-related spatial mobility in six European countries. Opladen : Barbar Budrich Publishers, 2008.

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Ettore, Recchi, et Favell Adrian, dir. Pioneers of European integration : Citizenship and mobility in the EU. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 2009.

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Marek, Bednarski, et Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych (Warsaw, Poland), dir. Labour market flexibility in the wake of EU accession. Warszawa : Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych, 2002.

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Ackers, Louise. Moving people and knowledge : Scientific mobility in an enlarging European Union. Cheltenham, Glos, UK : Edward Elgar Pub., 2008.

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Ackers, Louise. Moving people and knowledge : Scientific mobility in an enlarging European Union. Cheltenham, Glos, UK : Edward Elgar Pub., 2008.

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Ackers, Louise. Moving people and knowledge : Scientific mobility in an enlarging European Union. Cheltenham, Glos, UK : Edward Elgar Pub., 2008.

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Bryony, Gill, dir. Moving people and knowledge : Scientific mobility in an enlarging European Union. Cheltenham, Glos, UK : Edward Elgar Pub., 2008.

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Education, training and employment dynamics : Transitional labour markets in the European Union. Cheltenham [England] : Edward Elgar Pub., 2002.

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Lipsmeier, Antonius. Die Berufsausbildungspolitik der Gemeinschaft für die 90er Jahre : Analyse der Stellungnahmen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten zum Memorandum der Kommission : ein Gutachten. Bonn : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft, 1994.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Occupational mobility – European Union countries"

Lungu, Eliza-Olivia, Ana-Maria Zamfir et Cristina Mocanu. « Patterns in the Occupational Mobility Network of the Higher Education Graduates. Comparative Study in 12 EU Countries ». Dans Proceedings of the European Conference on Complex Systems 2012, 831–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00395-5_101.

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Wojtyńska, Anna, et Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir. « (Im)mobility Patterns among Polish Unemployed Migrants in Iceland Navigating Different Welfare Regimes ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 161–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_10.

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AbstractBased on fieldwork among unemployed Polish migrants in Iceland, this chapter examines how they negotiate and adapt to the social risks and changing circumstances encountered in the countries of emigration and immigration as well as how they navigate the available ‘resource environments’ emerging in conjunction with different welfare regimes. We particularly look at the European Union (EU) regulations for social-security protection vis-à-vis national welfare-protection policies on unemployment in Iceland and Poland and their possible ramifications for the mobility and immobility of Polish workers. Furthermore, we highlight some problematic interactions between the internationalisation of the labour market and concomitant transnational livelihoods, EU social policy and the welfare-assistance environment of member states. In so doing, we apply a critical approach to the commonly assumed high flexibility and extensive geographical mobility of migrant workers that tends to overlook counterfactors that influence different forms of immobility.

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Vintila, Daniela, et Jean-Michel Lafleur. « Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU : The Interplay between Residence and Nationality ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 1–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_1.

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Abstract Increasing mobility to and from European Union (EU) countries has started to challenge the principles of territoriality and national citizenship through which European democracies traditionally conditioned access to social benefits. Existing typologies of immigrant social protection regimes do not seem to adequately capture (nor explain) the diverse repertoire of policy configurations through which European welfare regimes adapt to migration-driven societal dynamics. This introductory chapter provides a critical reflection on the link between migration and access to welfare in the EU. In doing so, it aims to propose a comprehensive analytical framework that allows for a systematic comparison of the inclusiveness of social protection systems towards mobile individuals. We argue that states’ responsiveness towards the social protection needs of their immigrant and emigrant populations has to be examined through a combination of factors, including the characteristics of these populations, the migration history of these countries, as well as the main features of their welfare state.

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Santos, Victor. « European Structural and Investment Funds 2021–2027 : Prediction Analysis Based on Machine Learning Models ». Dans Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 167–75. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_11.

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ABSTRACTThis research presents several machine learning algorithms and prediction models to anticipate the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) application in different European Union (EU) countries. These analyses start with data training from 2014 to 2020 ESIF, to test and predict the application of the future ESI Funds for 2021–2027. We deliver an analysis focused on the priorities of each fund, highlighting the differences between the programs in different time periods. In the framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), we will specifically address the assessment of the following themes: support innovation of small and medium-sized businesses, to greener, low-carbon, and resilient projects with enhanced mobility. In what concerns the European Social Fund (ESF), we will evaluate projects that promote and increase the EU’s employment, social, education, and skills policies, including structural reforms in these areas. Regarding the cohesion funds (CF), we will be targeting the improvements between the two ESIFs, looking at projects in the field of environment and trans-European networks in the area of transport infrastructure (TEN-T). In summary, we will be looking at the future of ESIF through the glasses of artificial intelligence.

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Vintila, Daniela, et Jean-Michel Lafleur. « The Immigration-Emigration Nexus in Non-EU Sending States : A Focus on Welfare Entitlements, Consular Services, and Diaspora Policies ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 1–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_1.

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AbstractMigrants’ access to social benefits has been intensively studied in the European Union, but less scholarly attention has been dedicated to the way in which non-EU welfare regimes adapt to international mobility. This chapter introduces a volume that aims to address this research gap by taking the perspective of non-EU states on migrant social protection. To do so, our analysis focuses on 13 countries: Argentina, China, Ecuador, India, Lebanon, Morocco, Serbia, Senegal, Switzerland, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, Tunisia, and Turkey. These countries represent relevant sending states for migrants coming to the EU, with some of them also hosting sizeable immigrant populations. We argue that their different migration characteristics (including the size and main features of their immigrant and diaspora populations) as well as the peculiarity of their welfare regimes (which often followed a quite distinctive historical path of development compared to their EU counterparts) may shape their responsiveness in terms of ensuring migrants’ access to domestic welfare systems.

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Schneider, Jens, Philipp Schnell et Michael Eve. « Data, Methods and Comparisons ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 21–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05566-9_2.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the Pathways to Success and ELITES projects and explains the decision to focus on children of migrants who have achieved steep social mobility compared to their parents, and the connection with the earlier TIES project, a quantitative comparison of the second generation in several European countries. The first part of the chapter analyses background data from the TIES study: comparative data on the educational and occupational trajectories of children of migrants from Turkey in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Sweden. These show that, even though the socio-economic backgrounds and migration histories of the first generation were similar in these four nations, the educational and occupational trajectories of their children were widely different, both in terms of the percentages of the second generation who attained ‘success’, and the specific ‘pathways’ used (e.g. through the education system or in the labour market). To give readers a clear conception of the type of problems the Pathways and ELITES projects first encountered, the chapter then continues with an explanation of the methods used by the various national research teams in the Pathways to Success consortium and the ELITES project to investigate the social mechanisms underlying these kinds of differences, found in diverse national – but also occupational – ‘integration contexts’. The sampling criteria used for the qualitative interviewees are described, and basic data is provided on who was interviewed by the various research teams. Without overlapping with methodological information given in individual chapters, the topics covered by all the teams’ interviews are listed. The final part of the chapter touches on some of the problems involved in making qualitative comparisons of ‘integration contexts’ (whether taking nations, cities or occupations as the units of comparison).

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Danaj, Sonila, et Eszter Zólyomi. « Occupational Safety and Health Vulnerabilities of Posted Workers in the EU ». Dans Posted workers La condizione dei lavoratori in distacco transnazionale in Europa. Venice : Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-515-5/004.

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This chapter focuses on the under-researched topic of occupational safety and health vulnerabilities (OSH) of posted workers across the EU. Through the lens of the layers of vulnerability approach, we present an account of the multiple OSH vulnerabilities and institutional challenges this segment of the labour force is exposed to and discuss how this is linked to their cross-border labour mobility within the European Union. The most frequently reported areas that produce OSH-related vulnerabilities in the nine countries include types of employer, employment and contractual arrangements, access to training, working conditions, access to healthcare and housing, and access to collective representation.

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« Labor migration in European Union countries ». Dans International Labor Mobility, 102–19. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203488478-14.

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Schultz, Caroline, et Barbara Rijks. « Countries, structures and systems ». Dans Mobility of Health Professionals to, from and within the European Union, 29–33. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/496be282-en.

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Dingler, Sarah C., et Jessica Fortin-Rittberger. « Women’s Leadership in the European Parliament ». Dans Women and Leadership in the European Union, 74–92. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896216.003.0005.

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With its consistently higher levels of women’s representation than the average EU member state’s parliament, the European Parliament (EP) is often touted as a role model of gender parity. Longitudinal trends of shares of women elected to the EP have been increasing over time and show no sign of being restricted by a glass ceiling. We know surprisingly little about the reasons why women perform better in EP elections and, more importantly, whether these opportunities have translated into positional leadership opportunities for women. In this chapter, we investigate patterns of descriptive representation between countries and over time and identify current hurdles to women’s access to the EP. Additionally, we examine how presence transfers into leadership positions, thus contributing to the study of women’s positional leadership in parliamentary contexts. Our investigation reveals a paradox: while the EP is an exceptional success story for the access of women to elected office, the ostensible absence of an upper limit to representation does not entail unlimited vertical mobility for female MEPs. The proportion of women heading committees has remained lower than that of men and the distribution of women in committees follows a gendered pattern. Female MEPs are more likely to head or participate in committees that can be described as “feminine” in substance, while influential committees are still male dominated.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Occupational mobility – European Union countries"

Teneta-Skwiercz, Dorota, et Małgorzata Sobińska. « International Student Mobility – Poland in Comparison with Selected European Union Countries ». Dans 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management : How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2022.101.

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The paper aimed to diagnose Poland’s position in terms of students’ mobility abroad compared with selected European Union countries and to identify the opinions of students from Polish public universities of economics on the benefits and barriers of international exchange. The research used a multimethod approach (desk research method and survey method), with data triangulation (secondary data – UNESCO statistical data and primary data, obtained in surveys). The research shows that Poland has the lowest outbound mobility rate and the most significant imbalance between incoming and outgoing exchange students of all the countries surveyed. The top three benefits of international exchange include improved language skills, getting to know another culture and the opportunity to find out if a student wants to live and work abroad. The authors found the main barrier to be the cost of studying abroad.

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Sultan-Taïeb, Hélène, Tania Villeneuve, Jean-François Chastang et Isabelle Niedhammer. « RF-184 Estimating the burden of cardiovascular diseases and depression attributable to psychosocial work exposures in 28 European Union countries ». Dans 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.357.

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Konka, Boglárka, et Anita Veres. « Overview of European patents in Germany, France and Spain, with a potential application to the development of electric vehicles ». Dans The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged : Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.17.

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Within the Green Deal’s ‘Accelerating the shift to sustainable and smart mobility’, vehicles with alternative propulsion systems will play a significant role, as the transport sector is responsible for one-fifth of the European Union’s CO2 emissions. Therefore, more and more governments are supporting the purchase and production of electric vehicles, as it can be one of the main tools for locally reducing fossil fuel consumption as well as reducing CO2 emissions. The analysis highlights that the three most important vehicle-producing countries (based on 2019 OICA data) from the European Union are Germany, France, and Spain. The development trajectory of these countries in the field of electromobility is presented using descriptive statistics. Sustainable development goals can be achieved by creating an innovative environment and overcoming barriers to innovation, which can be indicated, for example, by the number of patents in a given country. Therefore, a long-term time series based on patents related to electric vehicles will be explored using the database of the European Patent Office. The study describes the vehicle manufacturers with the most patents, and the main patent areas in the three countries analysed.

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Nitova, Darina, et Yasen Markov. « CHALLENGE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DO NOT SIGNIFICANTLY HARM PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FUNDED RAIL PROJECTS IN BULGARIA ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s23.095.

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The European Green Deal has an overarching aim of making Europe climate neutral in 2050. The goal is to reduce EU's greenhouse gas emissions for 2030 to at least 50% and towards 55% compared with 1990 levels. Its goals extend to many different sectors, including construction, biodiversity, energy, transport and food and includes carbon tariffs for countries that don't curtail their greenhouse gas pollution at the same rate. On 18 June 2020, the Taxonomy Regulation for climate change mitigation and adaptation was published in the Official Journal. In December 2020 was adopted the new EU Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, whereas its sustainable mobility element envisages an irreversible shift to zero-emission mobility by making all transport modes more sustainable. In February 2021 the EC issued technical guidance on the application of �do no significant harm� under the Recovery and Resilience Facility Regulation, and in September 2021 an explanatory note on the application of the principle under Cohesion Policy. The Recovery and Resiliency Facility Plan of Republic of Bulgaria was approved in April 2022 and Transport Connectivity Programme should be approved by the end of 2022 as well. This article discusses the challenges for the implementation of the EU guidance documents for the case of the EU co-funded rail sector projects in Bulgaria. In particular the identified cohesion policy projects are discussed and a particular project is analyzed. As a result some challenges and conclusions are formulated.

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Kozík a, Tomáš, Ivana Tureková a, Róbert Bulla b et Terézia Bagalová a. « System of Lifelong Learning in Occupational Safety and Health in the Slovak Republic ». Dans Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/1005.

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The area of OSH is currently widely debated issue in the European Union and also in other countries of the world. It is a given fact that the level of development of OSH standards and their application in daily life of a human is directly related to the quality of life and economic development of society. In that connection there must be interest in the educational system that perform the task of preparing the public perception of the importance of OSH in the lives of individuals and the acquisition of respect the OHS rules in work and non-work activities.Legal norms and OSH measures are very precisely elaborated. However daily experience of real life shows the low level of perception, understanding and respect for the principles of safe work and human health protection at the workplace and during free time.Authors of the report analyzes the state educational program and the curriculum framework to answer the question, whether the current education system in the Slovak Republic in relation to current legal standards and rules adequately prepares graduates of particular types of schools, to show an interest for safe conditions of work and life in healthy environment.

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Nicolae, Raluca Ioana, et Stefan Catalin Popescu. « STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND WILDLIFE ROADKILL IN ROMANIA ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.055.

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Infrastructure projects can be the source of multiple environmental impacts, such as roadkill, habitat loss, and habitat fragmentation. Specialty studies have shown that almost 194 million birds and 29 million mammals may be killed each year on European roads. In our country, the dense network of national roads often causes roadkill events, with the following possible impact forms: reduction of wildlife species populations, damage to population fitness, changes in the spatial distribution and migration routes. At the same time, the presence of an animal on the road can also lead to a degree of discomfort and endangerment for traffic participants. At the same time, highways have their fair share of roadkill events. In Romania, the highway network includes only about 961 km built, the investments in the field of infrastructure being made mainly to connect the east (the Black Sea coast) with the west (the connection with other countries from the European Union). Nowadays, highway networks are being built to become mobility lanes to other regions of the country and exits to other neighboring countries. Recently, there is an increased focus on the environmental component for large infrastructure projects at national level, with solutions that can be implemented from the feasibility study phase. The paper deals with wildlife roadkill findings, associated with different infrastructure projects throughout the country, correlated with the proposal of measures to stop or reduce such negative events.

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Marinescu, Roxana. « USING NEW MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR PLURILINGUAL COMMUNICATION AND DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP ». Dans eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-267.

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This paper focuses on outlining some effects that the use of new media and technologies in foreign language education has on both plurilingual communication and on democratic citizenship. At the moment in the European Union there are 27 member states and 23 officially acknowledged languages. With increasingly mobile European citizens and a growing number of immigrants from non-European countries, Europe faces the challenge of providing equal opportunities to all citizens and, at the same time, ensuring that their linguistic and cultural heritage will be preserved. This paper starts from the necessity stated in some European documents that the European citizen should learn at least two foreign languages, English being in practice one of those, for better or worse. Also foreign language education is viewed in connection with citizenship rights and intercultural communication, for a European citizen fully equipped for flexible work contexts in a time of increased mobility. With 'language rights' viewed as part of 'human rights' and with Europe a multilingual area, the plurilingual European citizens should be able to make effective use of all their educational strategies in order to enhance their chances in social and economic life. European educational policies should thus take into consideration the inclusion of new media and technologies in formal education, as well as the impact they have on the informal education of European citizens, and should evaluate the extent to which the use of these e-tools affects language learning in the context of multilingualism. This paper also briefly presents an overview of the results of a small scale survey conducted within the Bucharest University of Economic Studies among first-year students by means of a questionnaire and informal discussions. The survey focuses on how they use the new media in formal and informal language learning, especially English language learning.

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Martinčević, Ivana, Predrag Brlek et Nives Domjan. « ROLE OF MaaS IN TOURISM ». Dans Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021 : ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.34.

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Purpose – The occurrence of bottlenecks, congestion, increased fuel consumption and environmental pollution are the basic problems of large urban areas, especially when it comes to tourist areas where with the local population roads are used by visitors who, during or after a stay are looking for some way of transportation. Regardless of the final destinations, the tourist activity strives to meet the needs and requirements of visitors to the maximum, so their offer must be attractive, fast and accessible at all times, as well as adaptable to changes in travel habits. With regard to the specific criteria of the local economic, social and environmental policy mobility services should be adapted to different target groups, including a unique travel option that would facilitate the stay of tourists. The aim of this paper is to: (1) explore MaaS concept (2) explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept (3) and to explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept in area of tourism. Methodology – In order to investigate and achieve the set goals, world and Croatian literature was used and analyzed by searching the databases such as Wos, Scopus, Google Scholar, using the search phrase ("mobility as a service” OR sustainable development) AND (“transport” OR “tourism”). For this purpose, a survey was conducted to explore the importance of MaaS in the field of tourism on the basis of which the advantages and benefits of the mentioned concept as one of the main conditions for sustainable development were analyzed. Findings – As no research has been conducted in the territory of the Republic of Croatia that investigates the application of the MaaS concept in the field of tourism and its importance and contribution to strengthening tourism, this research contributes to strengthening the awareness of individuals about this concept and its application. The intention and goal of this research was to make aware general public of the importance of the Maas concept. Although MaaS concept is a relatively new concept it takes on increasing importance; therefore, it needs to be strongly and systematically developed further. By analyzing the relevant scientific sources and based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that a strategic approach to the MaaS concept can provide a numerous of advantages and benefits. Recommendations for further research is to include data from other countries of the European Union (EU) or from neighboring countries in order to be able to compare data by specific areas. Contribution – By introducing the concept of MaaS in the segment of tourism, it opens the possibility for visitors to access a wide selection of public and private carriers through a digital platform. The trip for each user is planned separately according to the previously collected data on the demand and supply of transport services, combining them with information on the preferences of the participants themselves. Simply put, the traveler can plan, book and pay for any trip, anywhere and at any time. Simultaneous planning of tourism and transport is not an easy task because in most cases these plans diverge, but the cooperation of stakeholders of both branches is necessary for more attractive and environmentally friendly measures of sustainable mobility that ultimately affect the development of tourism. The obtained results can be used to expand the current scientific knowledge about the MaaS concept and its impact in file of tourism.

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