Articles de revues : « Occult economy »

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Bohrer, Ashley J. « Sorcery and Sovereignty : Bodin’s Political Economy of the Occult ». Political Theology 21, n^o 6 (16 mars 2020) : 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462317x.2020.1730539.

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O’Byrne, Ryan Joseph. « Occult Economies, Demonic Gifts, and Ontological Alterity : An Evangelical Biography of Evil and Redemption in Rural South Sudan ». Journal of Religion in Africa 50, n^o 1-2 (10 août 2021) : 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340182.

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Abstract This paper recounts the autobiography of an evangelical South Sudanese pastor who has been under water to the land of demons, telling of cosmic flows of persons, power, and wealth between times, places, and dimensions. Although it builds on stories circulating across Africa since colonial times and emphasises paradigms found throughout the occult economies literature, what is significant about this autobiography is that it relates the narrator’s own experience. This is important because although these occult elements reference global processes, the narrative given is as much about the local as it is the global. Likewise, it as much spiritual as it is material or economic. My analysis thus goes beyond the occult economy or its material effects and instead demonstrates the ontological alterity and spiritual meaningfulness of such incursions and attempts to push the envelope of academic analyses and interpretations relating to the diverse complexity of religious experience, African or otherwise.

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Jansen, Jan. « Framing Divination : A Mande Divination Expert and The Occult Economy ». Africa 79, n^o 1 (février 2009) : 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000636.

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This essay describes the skills of a sand divination expert in Mali through consideration of his expert performance. By relating the description of the expert to Goffman's sociology, it is argued that, in addition to his skilled divination techniques, an expert diviner should be capable of establishing and maintaining the frame of his performance. In the case of the expert described in this essay, it is demonstrated that this frame encompasses a unique and dynamic network of social relations, and comprises a complex set of economic and geographical factors. The historical backdrop to the expert's activities is the ‘occult economy’ (the deployment, real or imagined, of magical means for material ends). It is argued that acquiring the skills needed for managing a frame – and a team of people to support the frame – in the conditions described is a major accomplishment. Study of these skills and processes may provide valuable insight into processes of social change at the micro-level.

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Korkman. « Blessing Neoliberalism : Economy, Family, and the Occult in Millennial Turkey ». Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 2, n^o 2 (2015) : 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.2.2.06.

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Newell, Sasha. « Hackers of the heart : digital sorcery and virtual intimacy in Côte d'Ivoire ». Africa 91, n^o 4 (août 2021) : 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000449.

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AbstractThis is an ethnography of internet scams in Abidjan through which I attempt to develop a theory of digital sorcery. The brouteurs of Côte d'Ivoire impersonate Europeans in social media profiles and seduce others into falling in love with them. After months of flirtatious messaging and photo exchanges, disaster strikes their avatar and they ask for an emergency wire transfer from their digital lover. While millions of euros of income are sent to Abidjan every year, the brouteurs say they can no longer succeed without the use of occult forces, and they turn to marabouts for assistance. During my fieldwork in 2015, rumours circulated that brouteur wealth depended on the blood sacrifice of children for its success. As Ivoirians increasingly employ smartphones and social media in their daily life, the anxieties concerning the illusions and manipulations of the virtual world become enmeshed with those of the occult second world. I suggest that the overlap between hacker technology, con artistry and occult power outlined in Ivoirian urban rumour suggests a model for rethinking the space of virtuality in the global economy as a form of magical semiosis, one that can be every bit as vitality draining as witchcraft itself.

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Lindhardt, Martin. « More Than Just Money : The Faith Gospel and Occult Economies in Contemporary Tanzania ». Nova Religio 13, n^o 1 (1 août 2009) : 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.13.1.41.

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This article examines the relationship between the Faith Gospel in a Tanzanian prosperity ministry and "occult economies," described as discourses and practices relating the means of generating wealth to an occult and morally ambiguous dimension. The author argues that in addition to offering miraculous means of attaining material ends, the Faith Gospel provides ways of dealing with moral and perceived dangerous aspects of wealth and accumulation. This argument is pursued through a focus on ritualized offerings, seen as a "gift economy" along the lines described by Marcel Mauss. In offerings, coins and bills are purified and invested with complex human and divine qualities, turning them into personalized gifts rather than neutral mediums of exchange. Finally the author discusses how born-again Christians come to terms with the absence of immediate divine countergifts, in part by emphasizing the cultural value of slowness and transparency.

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Finnström, Sverker. « KONY 2012, Military Humanitarianism, and the Magic of Occult Economies ». Africa Spectrum 47, n^o 2-3 (août 2012) : 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971204702-307.

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The global success of the film KONY 2012 by Invisible Children, Inc., manifests far greater magical powers than those of Joseph Kony and his ruthless Lord's Resistance Army, which it portrays. The most prominent feature of the Invisible Children lobby is the making and constant remaking of a master narrative that depoliticizes and dehistoricizes a murky reality of globalized war into an essentialized black-and-white story. The magic of such a digestible storyline, with Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony as a global poster boy for evil personified, not only plays into the hands of the oppressive Ugandan government but has also become handy for the US armed forces as they seek to increase their presence on the African continent. As the US-led war on terror is renewed and expanded, Invisible Children's humanitarian slogan, “Stop at nothing”, has proven to be exceptionally selective, manifesting the occult economy of global activism that calls for military interventions.

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Calvão, Filipe. « The Company Oracle : Corporate Security and Diviner-Detectives in Angola's Diamond Mines ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, n^o 3 (7 juin 2017) : 574–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000172.

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AbstractIn 1957, the security force of Angola's colonial diamond mining company recruited African diviners to help them solve a case of diamond theft in Lunda. This event reveals a peculiar convergence of divinatory practices with techniques of corporate surveillance in Lunda's political economy of security. In their overlapping features of secrecy and control, divination and corporate security can be understood as historically aligned evidentiary practices, or what I call “corporate divination.” By examining divinatory rituals in tandem with the “occult” apparatus of corporate surveillance, and the figure of a colonial sorcerer-detective renowned for his “divinatory” prowess, I ask how such seemingly opposed modes of knowledge production eroded or shored up colonial rule. The cultural significance of divination within the context of a mining company, I suggest, exposes the conditions under which a colonial corporation appropriates the social world in which it intervenes, and conversely, the cultural resources that potentially shape or undermine corporate life in a colonial context.

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Kusimba, Chapurukha M. « The social context of iron forging on the Kenya coast ». Africa 66, n^o 3 (juillet 1996) : 386–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160959.

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Ironsmiths occupy an important yet ambiguous position in many African societies. They are both revered and feared, because they wield social power which arises from their access to occult knowledge, not only of metallurgy but of healing, divination, circumcision and peacemaking. In some societies smiths enjoy high status and are the wealthiest people. In others they are feared, covertly maligned, and blamed for societal misfortunes. In still others the smiths' position is often marginal except when they are needed to intercede on their society's behalf to solve natural or cultural predicaments. The forge or smithy plays a central role in the community as tool-making centre, a place of refuge from violence, of purification, and for healing. This article examines the social context of iron forging among the ironsmiths of the Kenya coast, focusing on the role of iron forging in the coastal economy, the forge, the smiths' life cycle, the institution of apprenticeship, the ritual and technical power of smiths, the role of women in the smiths' community, and the future of iron forging on the coast. It is argued that, while coastal smiths are marginal and despised, they hold important ritual and spiritual powers in coastal society. The article concludes that a detailed understanding of the traditional crafts historically practised on the coast can do much to illuminate the complex history of coastal society.

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Karavayeva, Yuliya S., et Anna A. Kosmovskaya. « Policy of counteraction against occult practices in Russia : historical and legal analysis (the 17th to the 21st centuries) ». Vestnik of Kostroma State University, n^o 3 (2019) : 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-199-205.

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This article deals with the problem of countering occult practices in Russia in the 17th to the 21st centuries. At certain historical stages of development of the Russian state, the legislator offers various legal assessments of occult services. Thus, depending on the socio-political situation, these services were either recognised as criminal or received a neutral assessment. The results of a sociological study with the participation of the population of Perm and Perm Land, as well as an analysis of the relevant provisions of the monuments of Russian law and current legislation allow the authors to formulate their own position regarding the specifics of legal opposition to occult practices in the context of the current socio-economic situation. The authors state that the assignment of occult services to economic activities, their widespread distribution and conformity with the world outlook of the majority of the population impede the legal recognition of the crime of occult practices.

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Whynes, D. K. « The economic case for faecal occult blood screening ». Annals of Oncology 13, n^o 12 (décembre 2002) : 1953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdf346.

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Takemura, Yuzuru, Haku Ishida, Yuji Inoue, Hiroyuki Kobayashi et J. Robert Beck. « Opportunistic Discovery of Occult Disease by Use of Test Panels in New, Symptomatic Primary Care Outpatients : Yield and Cost of Case Finding ». Clinical Chemistry 46, n^o 8 (1 août 2000) : 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.8.1091.

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Abstract Background: Diagnostic test panels have been advocated by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology for evaluation of presenting complaints of new outpatients in primary care medicine. The tests have additional potential utility for opportunistic finding of asymptomatic diseases, but data are lacking on the number of new conditions identified by the test panels and on the cost per identified case. Methods: We studied 540 new, symptomatic patients at the Comprehensive Medicine Clinics of National Defense Medical College during 1991–1997. All underwent testing with the “Essential Laboratory Tests” panel (2) [ELT(2) panel]. This panel includes hematologic tests, urinalysis, total protein, C-reactive protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, serum protein fractionation, six enzymes, and optional tests, including x-rays, electrocardiogram, and fecal occult blood. Results: The ELT(2) panel uncovered 276 additional diagnoses of asymptomatic disease or abnormal health status. The most frequent occult condition was hyperlipidemia (100 cases) followed by liver dysfunction (53 cases). Clinical efficiency of the panel (occult diseases/patient) varied depending on the category of tentative initial diagnosis, with the highest efficiency in patients with cardiovascular disease. We created smaller panels by combining 11 basic tests [called the ELT(1) baseline panel] with one or more additional tests from the ELT(2) and analyzed their cost-effectiveness. Addition of four tests (total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, and uric acid) improved both clinical efficiency (0.41 occult disease/patient) and economic efficiency [¥2372 (∼$22.50 US)/occult disease] at a cost-effectiveness of ¥177 per incremental case of occult disease. Addition of further tests decreased cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: Although the ELT(2) panel has supplemental utility for opportunistic screening of some significant, occult diseases and conditions, universal utilization of the full panel is not supported by the cost-effectiveness found in this study.

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Wichterich, Christa. « Occupy Development – Towards a caring economy ». Development 56, n^o 3 (septembre 2013) : 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dev.2014.12.

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Fleischer, Friederike. « Occupy economic anthropology ». Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología, n^o 17 (juillet 2013) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/antipoda17.2013.02.

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MAURER, BILL. « Occupy economic anthropology ». Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18, n^o 2 (2 mai 2012) : 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01752.x.

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Jha, Deepak, S. Deo et Mandeep Malhotra. « Radioguided occult lesion localization and sentinel node and occult lesion localization in breast cancer : The future beckons ». Asian Journal of Oncology 01, n^o 02 (juillet 2015) : 073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2454-6798.173283.

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ABSTRACTWire Guided Localisation has been the traditional technique for occult breast lesions. However, ROLL has emerged as a safer alternative to WGL approach. ROLL provides an improvement on margin positive rates and offers better pain and cosmetic advantages to the patient combined with a shorter learning curves for both radiologists and surgeons. SNOLL adds to the advantages of the procedure by combining SLNB with ROLL hence offering an economic advantage. The use of ROLL as primary modality for occult lesion localisation is bound to increase with potential to replace WGL as the primary modality for such lesions.

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Lejeune, Catherine, Patrick Arveux, Vincent Dancourt, Sophie Béjean, Claire Bonithon-Kopp et Jean Faivre. « Cost-effectiveness analysis of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 20, n^o 4 (novembre 2004) : 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462304001321.

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Objectives: Clinical trials have demonstrated that fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer can significantly reduce mortality. However, to be deemed a priority from a public health policy perspective, any new program must prove itself to be cost-effective. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer using a fecal occult blood screening test, the Hemoccult-II, in a cohort of 100,000 asymptomatic individuals 50–74 years of age.Methods: A decision analysis model using a Markov approach simulates the trajectory of the cohort allocated either to screening or no screening over a 20-year period through several health states. Clinical and economic data used in the model came from the Burgundy trial, French population-based studies, and Registry data.Results: Modeling biennial screening versus the absence of screening over a 20-year period resulted in a 17.7 percent mortality reduction and a discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 3,357 € per life-year gained among individuals 50–74 years of age. Sensitivity analyses performed on epidemiological and economic data showed the strong impact on the results of colonoscopy cost, of compliance to screening, and of specificity of the screening test.Conclusions: Cost-effectiveness estimates and sensitivity analyses suggest that biennial screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test could be recommended from the age of 50 until 74. Our findings support the attempts to introduce large-scale population screening programs.

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Wahidie, Diana, Yüce Yilmaz-Aslan et Patrick Brzoska. « Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Germany : Results of a Population Survey ». Gastrointestinal Disorders 4, n^o 3 (21 juin 2022) : 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030011.

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Colorectal cancer screening can contribute to reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Findings on disparities in the utilization of colorectal cancer screening between migrants and non-migrants have been inconsistent, with some studies reporting lower, and some higher utilization among migrants. The aim of the present study was to examine potential disparities in fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy among migrants in Germany. Data from a population survey on 11,757 men and women aged ≥50 years is used. Using multivariable logistic regression, the utilization of fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy was compared between non-migrants, migrants from EU countries and migrants from non-EU countries, adjusting for socio-economic factors and also taking into account intersectional differences by sex and age. The study shows that migrants from the EU (adjusted OR = 0.73; 95%-CI: 0.57, 0.94) and from non-EU countries (adjusted OR = 0.39; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.50) were less likely to utilize fecal occult blood testing than non-migrants. No disparities for the use of colonoscopy were observed. The findings are in line with studies from other countries and can be indicative of different barriers migrants encounter in the health system. Adequate strategies taking into account the diversity of migrants are needed to support informed decision-making among this population group.

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Biati, Lilit, Abdul Aziz et Moh. Imam Khaudli. « PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI WISATA KLENIK TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI ». LISAN AL-HAL : Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 14, n^o 1 (24 juin 2020) : 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v14i1.613.

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The Klenik Tourism of the Alas Purwo National Park is visited by many groups of people especially shamans who come to the Alas Purwo National Park from various regions and various religious identities. They did not come alone but by bringing their men to Alas Purwo National Park to perform rituals in the caves and Pancur Beach in the Pancur Resort. In the caves they do semedi also bring the necessary equipment such as incense, flowers, and incense. Because the place is indeed in the forest and still sacred, they still come back to Alas Purwo National Park with certain needs including seeking peace, penance, rituals with a specific purpose. obstacles encountered in efforts to develop the occult destinations of the Alas Purwo National Park, Analyze and Explain the factors that support the success in the development of the occult destinations of the Alas Purwo National Park in Banyuwangi Regency. That is why this research was conducted using qualitative research methods and the analysis used an interactive model (Miles and Hubermen), namely by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. From several research findings, it was concluded that there were factors that triggered them to do heresy including: insufficient economic needs, repentance or calming down to pray, meditation with specific goals, economic adequacy, shifting life in the family. The occult process is basically the same as people doing rituals, meditation or the like in different ways and places according to the stability of the individual with all kinds of equipment that they think are important for example by bringing offerings, flower flowers, flower flowers, telon flowers, incense or incense. According to the study of occult marketing theory conducted by visitors of the Alas Purwo National Park, it can add to the income of the Alas Purwo National Park, this can be proven by looking at visitor data through the increasing entrance of Rowobendo, due to the increasing number of people from various regions visiting the Park The Alas Purwo National Park which was invited by previous visitors who had performed the ritual by directly speaking to the people who had never visited Alas Purwo National Park, so that those who had never been to the Alas Purwo National Park had a curiosity by joining with those who have performed rituals in Alas Purwo National Park with various successes which according to them have changed their lifestyle after visiting Alas Purwo National Park.

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Hasu, Päivi. « The Witch, the Zombie and the Power of Jesus : A trinity of spiritual warfare in Tanzanian Pentecostalism ». Suomen Antropologi : Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 34, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2009) : 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v34i1.116496.

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The report discusses neo-Pentecostal gospel, demonology and deliverance in the context of social transformations and economic reforms in Tanzania, via a detailed case-study of a single church in Dar es Salaam—the Glory of Christ Tanzania Church—which displays the conjuncture of a global religion with elements of local ontology such as witchcraft and zombies. It is proposed that the Pentacostal-Charismatic gospel provides the interpretative frame to explain experience of social and economic affliction that is deeply gendered. Further, the deliverance practices are suggested to free the individual believer from the occult forces associated with kinship relations.

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Martín Rojo, Luisa. « Occupy ». Journal of Language and Politics 13, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2014) : 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.4.01mar.

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Large-scale protests have recently transformed urban common spaces into sites of resistance. Squares and urban places, monumentally designed as political and economic centres, have been reclaimed as places for discussion anddecision-making, for increasing participation and intervention in the governance of the community. Through banners and signs, open assemblies, and other communicative practices in the encampments and interconnecting physical and virtual spaces, participants permanently reconfigure the spatial context discursively. The attempt to account for on-going social phenomena from the moment they first happen, and with an international perspective, undoubtedly represents a theoretical and methodological challenge. This special issue focuses on this complex interplay between social, spatial, and communicative practices, drawing on complementary and alternative methods.

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D'Angelo, Lorenzo. « WHO OWNS THE DIAMONDS ? THE OCCULT ECO-NOMY OF DIAMOND MINING IN SIERRA LEONE ». Africa 84, n^o 2 (9 avril 2014) : 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000752.

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ABSTRACTMuch of the literature on Sierra Leonean diamonds focuses on the role that this mineral resource played in the recent civil conflict (1991–2002). However, the political-economic perspective that is common to these analyses has lost sight of the main actors in this social reality. What do miners think of diamonds? Like their Malagasy colleagues engaged in the search for sapphires, the Sierra Leonean diamond miners often maintain that they do not know what diamonds could possibly be used for. What is specific to the diamond mining areas in this West African country is that suspicions and fantasies about the uses of diamonds go hand in hand with the idea that these precious stones belong to invisible spiritual entities known locally as djinns ordεbul dεn. Although this article aims to analyse the occult imaginary of diamond miners, it takes a different stand from the occult economies approach. By combining a historical-imaginative perspective with a historical and ecological one, this article intends to highlight the indissoluble interweaving of material and imaginative processes of artisanal diamond production in the context of Sierra Leone's mines.

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Anderson, James, Kiran Bharthapudi et Hao Cao. « Occupy the Heterotopia ». International Review of Information Ethics 18 (1 décembre 2012) : 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie313.

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In this essay, Foucault's concept “of other spaces” – or, heterotopia – is used to examine the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement in the context of systemic crisis. Neoliberalism is marked by innovations that amplify and accelerate contradictions, unfolding the false utopia of finance capitalism. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) helped hyper-financialize the economy, enrich banksters and extend inequalities. Conversely, high-tech developments allow for decentralized decision-making and more direct democracy, paralleling the ethics of OWS. New ICTs compress TimeSpace, opening doors for empathic connections, generating conditions for elevation of collective superstructural consciousness. This paper explores how these conditions create – and are recreated by – heterotopic spaces. Drawing on Foucault's method of heterotopology we throw light on the potential of OWS to prefigure another world, analyzing endeavors to promote cooperative autonomy, and raise consciousness in and through mediated environments, always contested, ever in flux, and inevitably over-(but never pre-)determined.

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Appel, Hannah. « Occupy Wall Street and the Economic Imagination ». Cultural Anthropology 29, n^o 4 (10 novembre 2014) : 602–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.4.02.

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This article explores the making of an expansive and expanding economic imagination in disparate Occupy sites—the Alternative Banking working group of Occupy Wall Street, the daily life of lists in Liberty Square, née Zuccotti Park, and the work of Strike Debt. In particular, I focus on transformative possibility in unanticipated places. Where anthropology and critical theory have often sought out capitalism’s otherwises for inspiration and potential, the expansion of the economic imagination I trace here suggests that the centers constitute zones of possibility as well. I aim to show not only the conditions of possibility for a certain kind of imaginative work in the dense and seemingly definitive spaces of financial expertise but also a remarkable, and largely unrecognized, contemporary conversation around the future of banking, foreclosures, and democratized finance.

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THULIN, MATS, ANJANETTE DECARLO et STEPHEN P. JOHNSON. « Boswellia occulta (Burseraceae), a new species of frankincense tree from Somalia (Somaliland) ». Phytotaxa 394, n^o 3 (1 mars 2019) : 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.3.3.

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The new species Boswellia occulta is described from a small area in the Ceel Afweyn District of Somaliland (northwestern Somalia), where it is locally of considerable socio-economic importance. Although used for frankincense production by many generations of local harvesters, it has been unknown to science until now. Apart from the recently collected type material, it is also known from a sterile and hitherto misunderstood collection made in 1945. The simple-leaved Boswellia occulta is morphologically compared with B. sacra and B. frereana, the two major frankincense-producing species in the region, both with imparipinnate leaves, and it appears to be most closely related to B. sacra. The new species is the only simple-leaved species of Boswellia known outside Socotra.

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Tuzlak, Ayse. « Coins out of fishes : Money, magic, and miracle in the Gospel of Matthew ». Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 36, n^o 2 (juin 2007) : 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980703600205.

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The story of the coin in the fish's mouth in Matthew 17:27 has usually been interpreted as an artificial, folkloric interpolation into a straightforward pericope about providence. This article argues that the miracle is in fact an essential element of the pericope, and that it illuminates Matthew's understanding of Jewish-Roman relations. The concept of "occult economies," as developed by the anthropologists John and Jean Comaroff, illustrates how certain cultures see supernatural events as having a direct impact on economic systems. The miracle in this story can therefore be seen as a statement about supernatural power in an enchanted world.

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Helm, James F., Mark W. Russo, Andrea K. Biddle, Kit N. Simpson, David F. Ransohoff et Robert S. Sandler. « Effectiveness and economic impact of screening for colorectal cancer by mass fecal occult blood testing ». American Journal of Gastroenterology 95, n^o 11 (novembre 2000) : 3250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03261.x.

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Oancea, Ana. « Edison's Modern Legend in Villiers' L'Eve future ». Nordlit 15, n^o 2 (26 mars 2012) : 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2053.

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This paper analyzes the characterization of Thomas Edison in Villiers de l’Isle-Adam’s L’Eve future (1886) in an effort to explain how the author constructs this figure’s modern legend in the novel’s “oeuvre d’art-métaphysique.” Choosing an inventor protagonist in a work that recommends itself on its serious, artistic purpose stands out in late 19th century literature because, at the time, such characters are associated with popular literature. Villiers stresses the uniqueness of his Edison by suggesting comparisons with such literary and mythological precursors as Faust and Prometheus only to show that his protagonist has little in common with them: this inventor looks down upon humanity and wishes to reform it, while being arrogant and happy in his lucrative business.Edison’s seemingly occult task is to copy a woman, and this paper argues he achieves success not because he produces a functioning android but because he presents his machine as an occult device to his decadent interlocutor. This spectacular marketing recalls that of the phonograph, as well as the staging of devices in Edison’s stands in theInternational and Electrical Expositions of the 1870s and 1880s. Villiers’ depiction of the protagonist as astute showman does not, however, amount to a criticism of his technological abilities. Instead, the author’s emphasis on these characteristics goes to solidify his legend as a modern, unique tale of economic success through applied science.

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Coretti, Silvia, Matteo Ruggeri, Rossella Dibidino, Lara Gitto, Andrea Marcellusi, Francesco Saverio Mennini et Americo Cicchetti. « Economic evaluation of colorectal cancer screening programs : Affordability for the health service ». Journal of Medical Screening 27, n^o 4 (16 janvier 2020) : 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319898732.

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Objectives To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the public colorectal cancer screening program in the Abruzzo region, Italy. Methods Cost-effectiveness was analysed using a two-armed Markov model comparing: (1) Abruzzo screening program based on biennial faecal immunochemical occult blood testing, with colonoscopy as second level test for individuals with positive results, with (2) Treatment of symptomatic patients according to the stage of the neoplasm. Transition probabilities were adjusted for accuracy of tests and incidence of colorectal cancer. Diagnosis-related groups’ charges and field collected data were used to estimate costs. Costs and benefits were discounted by 3.5%. Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the robustness of the model results. Results Assuming a compliance rate of 64.7%, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the current colorectal screening program was €433.06/quality adjusted life year gained, considerably lower than conventional thresholds (around €30,000). Conclusion Early detection and intervention programs help to avoid a large number of highly debilitating and expensive cancer treatments. These results show that the screening program currently implemented in Abruzzo should be considered as a good investment in health.

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Vick, Jason. « After occupy : Economic democracy for the 21st century ». Contemporary Political Theory 14, n^o 2 (18 novembre 2014) : e224-e226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2014.28.

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Pacitti, Aaron. « After Occupy : Economic Democracy for the 21st Century ». Eastern Economic Journal 42, n^o 4 (septembre 2016) : 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2015.18.

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Divakar, Smitha. « After occupy : Economic democracy for the 21st century ». Community Development 48, n^o 4 (21 juin 2017) : 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2017.1342376.

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Rae, Andrew J., et Iain GM Cleator. « The Two-Tier Fecal Occult Blood Test : Cost-Effective Screening ». Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 8, n^o 6 (1994) : 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/659527.

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The two-tier test represents a strategy combining HO Sensa and Hemeselect fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) with the aim of greater specificity and consequent economic advantages. If patients register a positive result on any HO Sensa guaiac test, they are once again tested by a hemoglobin-specific Hemeselect test. This concept was applied to a multicentre study involving persons 40 years or older. One component of the study enrolled 573 high risk patients while the second arm recruited an additional 1301 patients (52% asymptomatic/48% symptomatic) stratified according to personal history and symptoms. The two-tier test produced fewer false positives than traditional tests in both groups evaluated in the study. In the high risk group, specificity (88.7% for two-tier versus 80.6% for Hemoccult and 69.5% for HO Sensa) was higher and false positive rates were lower (11.3% for two-tier versus 19.5% for Hemoccultand 30.5% for HO Sensa) for the two-tier test versus Hemoccult and HO Sensa FOBTs (95% CI for all colorectal cancers [CRCs] and polyps greater than 1 cm, α=0.05 ). No significant differences in sensitivity were observed between tests in the same group. Also, in the high risk group, benefits of the two-tier test outweighed the costs. Due to the small number of cancers and polyps in the second arm of the study, presentation of data is meant to be descriptive and representative of trends in a ‘normal’ population. Nevertheless, specificity of the two-tier test was higher (96.8% for two-tier versus 87.2% for Hemoccult and 69.5% for HO Sensa) and false positive rate lower (3.2% for two-tier versus 12.8% for Hemoccult and 22.3% for HO Sensa) than either the Hemoccult or HO Sensa FOBT (95% CI for all CRCs and polyps greater than 1 cm). This initial study, focusing on the cost-benefit relationship of increased specificity, represents a new way of economically evaluating existing FOBTs.

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Walker, A. R., D. K. Whynes et J. D. Hardcastle. « Rehydration of Guaiac-Based Faecal Occult Blood Tests in Mass Screening for Colorectal Cancer : An Economic Perspective ». Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26, n^o 2 (janvier 1991) : 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529109025033.

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Gusenova, Dzhamilya. « Why is trade the most favored business in Islam ? » KANT 36, n^o 3 (septembre 2020) : 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.24.

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The article analyzes the main dogmatic origins of the definition of trade as the most favored economic activity, and an element in the general concept of travel in Islam. The author focuses on: belonging to the merchant guild of the Prophet Muhammad himself, which was reflected in the active use of commercial slang in the Quran, the passage of trade routes through the Arabian Peninsula and the natural-geographical environment that was not conducive to the development of agriculture and, consequently, handicrafts. The analysis of the content of the Koran showed a reflection of the social structure of society, with a pronounced social and professional stratification, characteristic of that period. The highlighted social and professional statuses are conventionally divided into those related to state power, trade, occult and spiritual activities, etc.

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Traoré, Sékou. « La crise des années 1980 et le maraboutage en Côte d’Ivoire ». Afrika Focus 35, n^o 1 (30 juin 2022) : 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35010007.

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Abstract The growth of marabouts’ divinatory practices in urban centres in Côte d’Ivoire from the 1980s onwards was due to the generational crisis among marabouts and the unemployment of many graduates from universities in the Arab Maghreb. Forced to earn money linked to the difficulties of urban city life, some marabouts replaced the traditional community support with a mandatory fee, so that we witnessed the professionalisation of maraboutage. Professional marabouts mingled with other practitioners of the occult, causing repeated scandals. In response, the Ivorian state took measures to control the activities of “fake” marabouts. This study focuses on the political, economic and religious consequences for the image and the position of marabouts in the postcolony. It is based on the use of press clippings, bibliographic data and oral sources.

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Buskirk, Gregory P. Van. « AN OCCUPIED CHURCH ? : READING THE OCCUPY WALL STREET MOVEMENT ECCLESIOLOGICALLY IN CONVERSATION WITH NEW MONASTICS ». QUAERENS : Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies 3, n^o 1 (17 juin 2021) : 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46362/quaerens.v3i1.32.

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The church needs to challenge itself about its identity, constitution, and mission, because out of necessity this involves the world and the events that unfold in it. Thus, sociological, political, and economic issues have ecclesiological components and consequences that are practically tautological, including the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement. The question thus moves from whether the Church is called to critical reflection on OWS to how that critical reflection should occur. The purpose of this article is to point out the specific practice of the OWS movement – the “sign” – to be considered through an ecclesiological lens. The method used is from an ecclesiological lens with a new monastic. The results of this research are firstly, the church must actively and responsibly inculcate non-violent practices, communitarian economy, and embody space and place, while at the same time joining forces with non-ecclesiastical organizations that support these practices. similar. Second, by whom - and by whom - the Church (as a very different polis) must always point beyond itself to what is its foundation and fulfillment. As long as the Church faithfully responds to this call, the Kingdom will be in our midst.

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Ferretti, Thomas. « Tom Malleson, After Occupy : Economic Democracy for the 21 Century ». Les ateliers de l'éthique 10, n^o 1 (2015) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032733ar.

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Wu, Bin, Jin Li, Houwen Lin et Haixiang Wu. « Different Strategies for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in China : An Economic Evaluation ». Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7689862.

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Purpose.To assess the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab compared to ranibizumab, verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT), and usual care for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in China.Methods.A Markov model was developed according to patient visual acuity (VA) in the better-seeing eye (Snellen scale). Four cohorts of patients were treated with one of the following therapies: bevacizumab, ranibizumab, PDT, or usual care. Clinical data related to treatments were obtained from published randomized clinical trials. Direct medical costs and resource utilization in the Chinese health care setting were taken into account. Health and economic outcomes were evaluated over a lifetime horizon. Sensitivity analyses were performed.Results.Treatment with ranibizumab provided the greatest gains in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The cost per marginal QALY gained with bevacizumab over usual care was $1,258, $3,803, and $2,066 for the predominantly classic, minimally classic, and occult lesions, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed considerably influential factors, such as utility values and effectiveness data. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that, compared to usual care, PDT and ranibizumab most cases would be cost-effective in the bevacizumab arm at a threshold of $7,480/QALY.Conclusion.Bevacizumab can be a cost-effective option for the treatment of AMD in the Chinese setting.

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Leddin, Desmond, David Armstrong, Alan NG Barkun, Ying Chen, Sandra Daniels, Roger Hollingworth, Richard H. Hunt et William G. Paterson. « Access to Specialist Gastroenterology Care in Canada : Comparison of Wait Times and Consensus Targets ». Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, n^o 2 (2008) : 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/479684.

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BACKGROUND: Monitoring wait times and defining targets for care have been advocated to improve health care delivery related to cancer, heart, diagnostic imaging, joint replacements and sight restoration. There are few data on access to care for digestive diseases, although they pose a greater economic burden than cancer or heart disease in Canada. The present study compared wait times for specialist gastroenterology care with recent, evidence-based, consensus-defined benchmark wait times for a range of digestive diseases.METHODS: Total wait times from primary care referral to investigation were measured for seven digestive disease indications by using the Practice Audit in Gastroenterology program, and were benchmarked against consensus recommendations.RESULTS: Total wait times for 1903 patients who were undergoing investigation exceeded targets for those with probable cancer (median 26 days [25th to 75th percentiles eight to 56 days] versus target of two weeks); probable inflammatory bowel disease (101 days [35 to 209 days] versus two weeks); documented iron deficiency anemia (71 days [19 to 142 days] versus two months); positive fecal occult blood test (73 days [36 to 148 days] versus two months); dyspepsia with alarm symptoms (60 days [23 to 140 days] versus two months); refractory dyspepsia without alarm symptoms (126 days [42 to 225 days] versus two months); and chronic constipation and diarrhea (141 days [68 to 264 days] versus two months). A minority of patients were seen within target times: probable cancer (33% [95% CI 20% to 47%]); probable inflammatory bowel disease (12% [95% CI 1% to 23%]); iron deficiency anemia (46% [95% CI 37% to 55%]); positive occult blood test (41% [95% CI 28% to 54%]); dyspepsia with alarm symptoms (51% [95% CI 41% to 60%]); refractory dyspepsia without alarm symptoms (33% [95% CI 19% to 47%]); and chronic constipation and diarrhea (21% [95% CI 14% to 29%]).DISCUSSION: Total wait times for the seven indications exceeded the consensus targets; 51% to 88% of patients were not seen within the target wait time. Multiple interventions, including adoption of evidence-based management guidelines and provision of economic and human resources, are needed to ensure appropriate access to digestive health care in Canada. Outcomes can be evaluated by the ‘point-of-care’, practice audit methodology used for the present study.

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Nesterov, P. V., A. V. Ukharskiy et N. V. Kislov. « Regional clinical and economic model of colorectal cancer screening ». Research and Practical Medicine Journal 7, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2020) : 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17709/2409-2231-2020-7-3-15.

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Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical and economic efficiency of colorectal cancer screening model in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we have given a clinical and economic assessment of the existing approach to the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. We have also developed a clinical and economic model of colorectal cancer screening strategy in the Yaroslavl region. After that, we made a comparative assessment between the strategies on such parameters as total costs, efficiency, and CER coefficient. Results. The strategy for the absence of colorectal cancer screening has a cost-effectiveness rate equal to 246 712 rubles (3820$)/LYG, with the value of added years of life in 2.9 years. According to our calculations, the implementation of the program of screening of CRC based on fecal occult blood immunochemical method, followed by the implementation of colonoscopy in the case of a positive result, will require an increase in funding for patients with colon cancer by 6.9% per year. At the same time, by changing the structure of morbidity and increasing the part of early forms in the implementation of the screening program, an increase in the estimated life expectancy of patients will be achieved, which is consistent with the long-term results of programs conducted in Europe and the United States. The CER for the screening strategy is 103.95 thousand rubles (2030$) / LYG. Long-term modeling shows that the introduction of screening program will reduce the incidence of CRC by 12% from the baseline by the 15th year of implementation and reduce the cost of diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer by 16.1% per year without taking into account inflation expectations. Conclusion. The introduction of a colorectal cancer-screening program at the regional level is clinically effective and cost-effective.

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Ada Tchoukou, Julie Ynes. « Malleus Maleficarum : Scrutinizing Sorcery in Cameroon ». Journal of African Law 62, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2018) : 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855317000328.

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AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research, this article reflects critically on the current involvement of the Cameroonian state in witchcraft accusations. Unlike other African states where witchcraft is connected to religion and culture and as such is far detached from economics and politics, post-colonial Cameroon associates witchcraft and other occult practices with being a major factor in its slow economic development. The state resorted to criminal law in its attempts to eradicate the practice. Its penal code subjects persons accused of witchcraft to imprisonment for up to ten years. This provision has been subject to great criticism, as its application has led to a high conviction rate of indigenous Cameroonians. The aim of this article is not to determine the appropriateness of this approach, but to raise questions and shed light on the various inconsistencies with criminalizing a practice that arguably constitutes an underlying basis of indigenous Cameroonian cultural heritage.

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Doucette, Jamie. « The Occult of Personality : Korea's Candlelight Protests and the Impeachment of Park Geun-hye ». Journal of Asian Studies 76, n^o 4 (25 septembre 2017) : 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000821.

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The phrase “cult of personality” is used more often to describe North Korea's Kim dynasty than the legacy of South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee, father of the recently impeached President Park Geun-hye. And yet Park's legacy has long been mythologized by conservative forces in both Korea and abroad as that of a virtuous and wise political leader. The praise of Park's virtues (especially his “economization of politics,” as one prominent conservative economist puts it) has many uses. During the Cold War, it was used to secure legitimacy for a president who had come to power through a military coup and whose vision of “administrative democracy” invested enormous power into the institution of the presidency itself. More recently, it has been deployed to help rewrite Korea's highly contentious development experience in a manner that praises both the state and oligarchic interests for past achievements. The myth of Park has been circulated through Korea's Official Development Assistance policies to help satisfy the demand for knowledge of Korea's development experience and to secure international prestige for the Korean development “model.” Meanwhile, intellectuals associated with Korea's New Right movement have praised Park's much-vaunted legacy of economic planning and the establishment of a Korean middle class as prefiguring democracy, a narrative that is used to denigrate a history of democratic mobilization deemed dear to the liberal and progressive opposition and their supporters.

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Stone, Christine A., Robert C. Carter, Theo Vos et James St John. « Colorectal cancer screening in Australia : An economic evaluation of a potential biennial screening program using faecal occult blood tests ». Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 28, n^o 2 (avril 2004) : 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00487.x.

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Stone, Christine A., Robert C. Carter, Theo Vos et James St John. « Colorectal cancer screening in Australia : An economic evaluation of a potential biennial screening program using faecal occult blood tests ». Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 28, n^o 3 (juin 2004) : 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00707.x.

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Anugwom, Edlyne. « Something Mightier : Marginalization, Occult Imaginations and the Youth Conflict in the Oil-Rich Niger Delta ». Africa Spectrum 46, n^o 3 (décembre 2011) : 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971104600301.

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This contribution examines the role of occult imaginations in the struggle against perceived socio-economic marginalization by youth militias from the Ijaw ethnic group in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It argues that the asymmetric power between the federal government/transnational oil corporations (TNOCs) and the militias may have privileged the invocation of the supernatural as a critical agency of strength and courage by the youth militias. The conflict in the region embodies a cultural revision which has been necessitated by both the uncertainty of the oil environment and the prevailing narratives of social injustice. Hence the Egbesu deity, seen historically as embodying justice, has been reinvented by the youth militias and imbued with the powers of invincibility and justice in the conflict with the government and oil companies. The low intensity of the conflict has limited both the extent of operations and scale of force used by the military task force in the area and thus reinforced the perception of invincibility of the militias attributed to the Egbesu.

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Hamed Hosseini, S. A. « Occupy Cosmopolitanism : Ideological Transversalization in the Age of Global Economic Uncertainties ». Globalizations 10, n^o 3 (juin 2013) : 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2013.788920.

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Ansari, Shabnam, Mohammad Akhtar Siddiqui, Sharad Malhotra et Mohammad Maaz. « Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B in Majeedia Unani Hospital, New Delhi. » Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, n^o 2 (15 mars 2019) : 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2571.

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India has HBV carrier rate of 3.0% approximately with a high prevalence rate in the villages and remote areas. The variation in social, ethnic, economic, habits and other health conditions in different areas may explain the difference in outcomes of the disease. High-risk groups (especially tribals) also harbor significant disease burden and have a high prevalence of occult infection, supporting the potential of unknowingly spreading the disease. Hence identifying and targeting those population for public healthcare measure is the necessity to control the disease and promoting hepatitis B vaccination around the country. The present study was carried to out to elucidate epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B in the patients of Majeedia Unani Hospital New Delhi to locate high risk groups and areas for health education regarding lifestyle, preventive measures, early disease detection and proper adherence to drugs and of health care workers on adoption of proper precautions while carrying out their duties, and aggressive vaccination strategies thereafter.

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Burchardt, Marian. « Salvation as Cultural Distinction : Religion and Neoliberalism in Urban Africa ». Cultural Sociology 14, n^o 2 (11 mai 2020) : 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520911877.

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Intervening in debates on religion and social inequalities, this article advocates a shift from concerns with economic ethics to a focus on religious belonging as embodying class-based cultural distinctions. In the first part, I critically review the literature that draws inspiration from Weber’s concept of Protestant inner-worldly asceticism and advance two arguments: Pentecostal orientations toward this-worldly salvation thwart rationalising potentials and feed into magic, or “occult,” economies instead. Simultaneously, however, Pentecostalism promotes personal autonomy by emphasising the possibilities for radical personal change through conversion and becoming “born again.” In the second part, I draw on Bourdieu’s cultural sociology and show that personal autonomy and certain images of Pentecostal modernity are increasingly deployed within practices of cultural distinction between the modern Pentecostal and economically successful and the backward who remain locked in the past. The article is based on ethnographic research among Pentecostals in South Africa as well as a review of the literature on other African societies.

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Pohoryles, Ronald J. « The first anniversary of “Occupy” : globalization of the economy, globalization of dissent and the civil society ». Innovation : The European Journal of Social Science Research 25, n^o 3 (septembre 2012) : 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2012.723324.

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