Bibliographies thématiques / Observation satellite

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Observation satellite »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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Yang, Zhouming, Xin Liu, Jinyun Guo, Yaowei Xia et Xiaotao Chang. « An Enhanced Method for Detecting and Repairing the Cycle Slips of Dual-Frequency Onboard GPS Receivers of LEO Satellites ». Journal of Sensors 2020 (26 novembre 2020) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817626.

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Cycle slip detection and repair play important roles in the processing of data from dual-frequency GPS receivers onboard low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. To detect and repair cycle slips more comprehensively, an enhanced error method (EEM) is proposed. EEM combines single-frequency and narrow-lane carrier phase observations to construct special observations and observation equation groups. These special observations differ across time and satellite (ATS). ATS observations are constructed by three steps. The first step is differencing single-frequency and narrow-lane observations through a time difference (TD). The second step is to select a satellite as a reference satellite and other satellites as nonreference satellites. The third step is to difference the single-frequency TD observations from the reference satellite and the narrow-lane TD observations from the nonreference satellites by a satellite difference. If cycle slips occur at the reference satellite, the correction values for these ATS observations can be significantly enlarged. To process all satellites, the EEM selects each satellite as a reference satellite and builds the corresponding equation group. The EEM solves these observation equation groups according to the weighted least-squares adjustment (LSA) criterion and obtains the correction values; these correction values are then used to construct the χ 2 values corresponding to different equation groups, and the EEM subsequently carries out a chi-square distribution test for these χ 2 . The satellite corresponding to the maximum χ 2 will be marked. Then, the EEM iteratively processes the other satellites. Cycle slips can be estimated by rounding the float solutions of changes in the ambiguities of cycle slip satellites to the nearest integer. The simulation test results show that the EEM can be used to detect special cycle slip pairs such as (1, 1) and (9, 7). The EEM needs only observation data in two adjacent epochs and is still applicable to observation epochs with continuous cycle slips.
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Li, Gongqiang, Jing Liu, Hai Jiang et Chengzhi Liu. « Research on the Efficient Space Debris Observation Method Based on Optical Satellite Constellations ». Applied Sciences 13, no 7 (24 mars 2023) : 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074127.

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The increasing amount of space debris poses a major threat to the security of space assets. The timely acquisition of space debris orbital data through observations is essential. We established a mathematical model of optical satellite constellations for space debris observation, designed a high-quality constellation configuration, and designed a space debris tracking observation scheduling algorithm. These tools can realize the efficient networking of space debris from a large number of optical satellite observation facilities. We designed a constellation consisting of more than 20 low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, mainly dedicated to the observation of LEO space objects. According to the observation scheduling method, the satellite constellation can track and observe more than 93% of the targets every day, increase the frequency of orbital data updates, and provide support for the realization of orbital space debris cataloguing. Designing optical satellite constellations to observe space debris can help realize the advance perception of dangerous collisions, timely detect dangerous space events, make key observations about high-risk targets, greatly reduce the false alarm rate of collisions, and provide observational data support for space collisions.
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Wu, Qianyu, Jun Pan et Mi Wang. « Dynamic Task Planning Method for Multi-Source Remote Sensing Satellite Cooperative Observation in Complex Scenarios ». Remote Sensing 16, no 4 (10 février 2024) : 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040657.

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As the number and variety of remote sensing satellites continue to grow, user demands are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Concurrently, there is an escalating requirement for timeliness in satellite observations, thereby augmenting the complexity of task processing and resource allocation. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative method for dynamic task planning in multi-source remote sensing satellite cooperative observations tailored to complex scenarios. In the task processing phase, this study develops a preprocessing model suitable for various types of targets, enabling the decomposition of complex scenes into multiple point targets for independent satellite observation, thereby reducing the complexity of the problem. In the resource allocation phase, a dynamic task planning algorithm for multi-satellite cooperative observation is designed to achieve dynamic and optimized scheduling of the processed point targets, catering to the needs of multi-source remote sensing satellites. Empirical validation demonstrated that this method effectively implements dynamic adjustment plans for point targets, comprehensively optimizing the number of observation targets, computation time, task priority, and satellite resource utilization, significantly enhancing the dynamic observation efficiency of remote sensing satellites.
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Bloßfeld, Mathis, Julian Zeitlhöfler, Sergei Rudenko et Denise Dettmering. « Observation-Based Attitude Realization for Accurate Jason Satellite Orbits and Its Impact on Geodetic and Altimetry Results ». Remote Sensing 12, no 4 (19 février 2020) : 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040682.

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For low Earth orbiting satellites, non-gravitational forces cause one of the largest perturbing accelerations. During a precise orbit determination (POD), the accurate modeling of the satellite-body attitude and solar panel orientation is important since the satellite’s effective cross-sectional area is directly related to the perturbing acceleration. Moreover, the position of tracking instruments that are mounted on the satellite body are affected by the satellite attitude. For satellites like Jason-1/-2/-3, attitude information is available in two forms—as a so-called nominal yaw steering model and as observation-based (measured by star tracking cameras) quaternions of the spacecraft body orientation and rotation angles of the solar arrays. In this study, we have developed a preprocessing procedure for publicly available satellite attitude information. We computed orbits based on Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations to the Jason satellites at an overall time interval of approximately 25 years, using each of the two satellite attitude representations. Based on the analysis of the orbits, we investigate the influence of using preprocessed observation-based attitude in contrast to using a nominal yaw steering model for the POD. About 75% of all orbital arcs calculated with the observation-based satellite attitude data result in a smaller root mean square (RMS) of residuals. More precisely, the resulting orbits show an improvement in the overall mission RMS of SLR observation residuals of 5.93% (Jason-1), 8.27% (Jason-2) and 4.51% (Jason-3) compared to the nominal attitude realization. Besides the satellite orbits, also the estimated station coordinates benefit from the refined attitude handling, that is, the station repeatability is clearly improved at the draconitic period. Moreover, altimetry analysis indicates a clear improvement of the single-satellite crossover differences (6%, 15%, and 16% reduction of the mean of absolute differences and 1.2%, 2.7%, and 1.3% of their standard deviations for Jason-1/-2/-3, respectively). On request, the preprocessed attitude data are available.
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Zhang, Xiaozhen, Yao Kong, Xiaochun Lu et Decai Zou. « Contribution of Etalon Observation to Earth Rotation Parameters under a New Observation Scenario ». Applied Sciences 12, no 10 (13 mai 2022) : 4936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104936.

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The standard products of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) are mainly based on the two laser geodynamics satellites (LAGEOS) due to the sparse observations of the Etalon satellites. With improvements in the ability to track high-altitude satellites, ILRS conducted a 3-month Etalon tracking campaign. In this paper, we study the contribution of more Etalon observations in the new observation scenario to weekly ILRS products, such as station coordinates, Earth rotation parameters (ERPs) and satellite orbit. We compare the ILRS products estimated from LAGEOS-only solutions and LAGEOS+Etalon solutions. In the new observation scenario of 2019, the numbers of observations of Etalon satellites are 1.4 and 1.7 times larger than those in 2018. It is shown that the quality of station coordinates, and the satellite orbit of LAGESOS satellites are only slightly affected by the increase in Etalon observations of the campaign. However, for station 1868, which is dedicated to high-altitude satellites, the root mean square (RMS) values of the residuals in the N, E, and U components are improved by 3.1 cm, 2.1 cm and 2.3 cm, respectively. The internal precision of orbit for Etalon-1/2 satellites in tangle and normal directions are improved by 1.5 cm and 2.9 cm, respectively. Most remarkably, the standard deviations for Xp, Yp and LOD can be improved by 6.9%, 14.3% and 5.1%, respectively, compared with the International Earth Rotation System (IERS)-14-C04 series. With our research, the ILRS could increase efforts on Etalon satellite tracking without affecting the routine observations of LAGEOS satellites.
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Li, Min, Tianhe Xu, Haibo Ge, Meiqian Guan, Honglei Yang, Zhenlong Fang et Fan Gao. « LEO-Constellation-Augmented BDS Precise Orbit Determination Considering Spaceborne Observational Errors ». Remote Sensing 13, no 16 (12 août 2021) : 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163189.

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The precise orbit determination (POD) accuracy of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is still not comparable to that of the Global Positioning System because of the unfavorable geometry of the BDS and the uneven distribution of BDS ground monitoring stations. Fortunately, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, serving as fast moving stations, can efficiently improve BDS geometry. Nearly all studies on Global Navigation Satellite System POD enhancement using large LEO constellations are based on simulations and their results are usually overly optimistic. The receivers mounted on a spacecraft or an LEO satellite are usually different from geodetic receivers and the observation conditions in space are more challenging than those on the ground. The noise level of spaceborne observations needs to be carefully calibrated. Moreover, spaceborne observational errors caused by space weather events, i.e., solar geomagnetic storms, are usually ignored. Accordingly, in this study, the actual spaceborne observation noises are first analyzed and then used in subsequent observation simulations. Then, the observation residuals from the actual-processed LEO POD during a solar storm on 8 September 2017 are extracted and added to the simulated spaceborne observations. The effect of the observational errors on the BDS POD augmented with different LEO constellation configurations is analyzed. The results indicate that the noise levels from the Swarm-A, GRACE-A, and Sentinel-3A satellites are different and that the carrier-phase measurement noise ranges from 2 mm to 6 mm. Such different noise levels for LEO spaceborne observations cause considerable differences in the BDS POD solutions. Experiments calculating the augmented BDS POD for different LEO constellations considering spaceborne observational errors extracted from the solar storm indicate that these errors have a significant influence on the accuracy of the BDS POD. The 3D root mean squares of the BDS GEO, IGSO, and MEO satellite orbits are 1.30 m, 1.16 m, and 1.02 m, respectively, with a Walker 2/1/0 LEO constellation, and increase to 1.57 m, 1.72 m, and 1.32 m, respectively, with a Walker 12/3/1 constellation. When the number of LEO satellites increases to 60, the precision of the BDS POD improves significantly to 0.89 m, 0.77 m, and 0.69 m for the GEO, IGSO, and MEO satellites, respectively. While 12 satellites are sufficient to enhance the BDS POD to the sub-decimeter level, up to 60 satellites can effectively reduce the influence of large spaceborne observational errors, i.e., from solar storms.
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Kitajima, Natsumi, Rie Seto, Dai Yamazaki, Xudong Zhou, Wenchao Ma et Shinjiro Kanae. « Potential of a SAR Small-Satellite Constellation for Rapid Monitoring of Flood Extent ». Remote Sensing 13, no 10 (18 mai 2021) : 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101959.

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Constellations of small satellites equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) payloads can realize observations in short time intervals independently from daylight and weather conditions and this technology is now in the early stages of development. This tool would greatly contribute to rapid flood monitoring, which is usually one of the main missions in upcoming plans, but few studies have focused on this potential application and a required observation performance for flood disaster monitoring has been unclear. In this study, we propose an unprecedented method for investigating how flood extents would be temporally and spatially observed with a SAR small-satellite constellation and for evaluating that observation performance via an original index. The virtual experiments of flood monitoring with designed constellations were conducted using two case studies of flood events in Japan. Experimental results showed that a SAR small-satellite constellation with sun-synchronous orbit at 570 km altitude, 30-km swath, 15–30° incidence angle, and 20 satellites can achieve 87% acquisition of cumulative flood extent in total observations. There is a difference between the results of observation performance in two cases because of each flood’s characteristics and a SAR satellite’s observation system, which implies the necessity of individual assessments for various types of rivers.
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Zhao, You, Peng Qi Gao, Ming Shen, Xiao Zhong Guo, Da Tao Yang et Huan Huan Yu. « Design of Computer Communication and Network in APOSOS Project ». Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (juillet 2011) : 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.700.

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Asia-Pacific Optical Satellite Observation System (APOSOS) is based on members of Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO). Its aim is to develop a regional or even global satellite tracking system basically composed of optical trackers. The system will be used to track objects of interest or space-debris for the safety of spacecraft launch mission or the intactness of operational satellites. APOSOS is composed of Asia-Pacific optical satellite observation center, APSCO member state node, sub-node and observation telescope. Asia-Pacific optical satellite observation center manage the whole observation network. Every member state node answers for the organization of observation with their country’s facility according to the observation plan released by observation center. The sub-node transmits observational data to corresponding member state node first. Then the member state node transmits the data summarized to the observation center. This paper will briefly introduce the APOSOS project first and present the design of computer communication and network in APOSOS project in detail.
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Ko, Haneul, et Yeunwoong Kyung. « Resource- and Neighbor-Aware Observation Transmission Scheme in Satellite Networks ». Sensors 23, no 10 (19 mai 2023) : 4889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104889.

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The observation satellite can exploit its own storage and computational resources to reduce the transmission delay. However, too excessive usage of these resources can have negative effects on the queuing delay at the relay satellite and/or on conducting other tasks at each observation satellite. In this paper, we proposed a new resource- and neighbor-aware observation transmission scheme (RNA-OTS). In RNA-OTS, each observation satellite decides whether to use its resources and the resources of the relay satellite at each time epoch by considering its resource utilization and transmission policies of neighbor observation satellites. For the optimal decision of each observation satellite in a distributed manner, the operation of observation satellites is modeled by means of a constrained stochastic game, and a best-response-dynamics-based algorithm is devised to find the Nash equilibrium. The evaluation results demonstrate that RNA-OTS can decrease the delay to deliver the observation to the destination by up to 87% compared to a relay-satellite-based scheme while guaranteeing a sufficiently low average utilization of the resources of the observation satellite.
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Yang, Sen, Xiaoyang Meng, Xingying Zhang, Lu Zhang, Wenguang Bai, Zhongdong Yang, Peng Zhang, Zhili Deng, Xin Zhang et Xifeng Cao. « Study on the Ground-Based FTS Measurements at Beijing, China and the Colocation Sensitivity of Satellite Data ». Atmosphere 12, no 12 (29 novembre 2021) : 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121586.

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The Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) at the Beijing Satellite Meteorological Ground Station observed XCO2 (the dry carbon dioxide column) from 2 March 2016 to 4 December 2018. The validation results of ground-based XCO2, as well as GOSAT, OCO-2, and TanSat XCO2, show that the best temporal matching setting for ground-based XCO2 and satellite XCO2 is ±1 h, and the best spatial matching setting for GOSAT is 0.5° × 0.5°. Consistent with OCO-2, the best spatial matching setting of TanSat is 5° × 5° or 6° × 6°. Among GOSAT, OCO-2, and TanSat, the satellite observation validation characteristics near 5° × 5° from the ground-based station are obviously different from other spatial matching grids, which may be due to the different observation characteristics of satellites near 5° × 5°. To study the influence of local CO2 sources on the characteristics of satellite observation validation, we classified the daily XCO2 observation sequence into concentrated, dispersive, increasing, and decreasing types, respectively, and then validated the satellite observations. The results showed that the concentrated and decreasing sub-datasets have better validation performance. Our results suggest that it is best to use concentrated and decreasing sub-datasets when using the Beijing Satellite Meteorological Ground Station XCO2 for satellite validation. The temporal matching setting should be ±1 h, and the spatial matching setting should consider the satellites observation characteristics of 5° × 5° distance from the ground-based station.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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Brewin, Robert J. W. « Detecting phytoplankton size class using satellite earth observation ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/317.

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A new range of multi-plankton biogeochemical models have recently been developed, designed to advance our understanding of the ocean carbon cycle to improve predictions of its future influence on climate. Synoptic measurements of the different phytoplankton communities are required to validate and ultimately improve such models. Measuring ocean colour from satellite is the only method currently available for synoptically monitoring wide-area properties of ocean ecosystems, such as phytoplankton chlorophyll biomass. Recently, a variety of bio-optical methods have been established that use satellite data to identify and differentiate between either phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) or phytoplankton size classes (PSCs). In this thesis, several of these techniques were evaluated against in situ observations (6504 samples) to determine their ability to detect dominant phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton). Results show that spectral-response, ecological and abundance-based approaches can all perform with similar accuracy. However, abundance-based approaches provide better spatial retrieval of PSCs. Based on insights into the abundance-based models, and by utilising a large pigment database, a new three-component model was developed which calculates the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) to the overall chlorophyll-a concentration. Using a globally representative, independent, coupled pigment and satellite dataset the model estimates fractional contributions with a mean accuracy of 9.2 % for microplankton, 17.1 % for nanoplankton and 16.1 % for picoplankton. The effect of optical depth on the model parameters was also investigated and explicitly incorporated into the model. Using the three-component model, the two-component absorption model of Sathyendranath et al. (2001) and Devred et al. (2006) was extended to three-component populations of phytoplankton, namely, pico-, nano- and microplankton. The new model infers total and size-dependent phytoplankton absorption as a function of the total chlorophyll-a concentration. A main characteristic of the model is that all the parameters that describe it have biological or optical interpretation. The three-component model performs better than the two-component model, at retrieving total phytoplankton absorption. Accounting for the contribution of pico- and nanoplankton, rather than the combination of both used in the two-component model, improved significantly the retrieval of phytoplankton absorption at low chlorophyll-a concentrations. The three-component model was applied to a decade of ocean colour observations. In the equatorial region of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, phytoplankton size class anomalies (% total chlorophyll-a) were highly correlated with indices of both the El Niño (La Niña) Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Furthermore, in these regions, micro- and nanoplankton size class anomalies were negatively correlated with anomalies of the sea surface temperature, sea surface height and stratification. Whereas, the picoplankton size class anomalies were positively correlated with these physical variables. Results from this thesis indicate that phytoplankton size class can be retrieved from Earth Observation with reasonable accuracy. It is recommended that such information can now be assimilated into multi-plankton biogeochemical models, or alternatively, verify them.
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Strange, Michael R. « Orbital Determination Feasibility of LEO Nanosatellites Using Small Aperture Telescopes ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1714.

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This thesis is directed toward the feasibility of observing satellites on the nano scale and determining an accurate propagated orbit using a Meade LX600-ACF 14” diameter aperture telescope currently located on the California Polytechnic State University campus. The optical telescope is fitted with an f/6.3 focal reducer, SBIG ST-10XME CCD camera and Optec TCF-S Focuser. This instrumentation allowed for a 22’ X 15’ arcminute FOV in order to accurately image passing LEO satellites. Through the use of the Double-r and Gauss Initial Orbit Determination methods as well as Least Squared Differential Correction and Extended Kalman Filter Orbit Determination methods, an accurate predicted orbit can be determined. These calculated values from observational data of satellites within the Globalstar system are compared against the most updated TLEs for each satellite at the time of observation. The determined differential errors from the well-defined TLEs acquired via online database were used to verify the feasibility of the accuracy which can be obtained from independent observations. Through minimization of error caused from imaging noise, pointing error, and timing error, the main determination of accurate orbital determination lies in the instrumentation mechanical capabilities itself. With the ability to acquire up to 7 individual satellite observations during a single transit, the use of both IOD and OD methods, and the recently acquired Cal Poly telescope with an increased 14” aperture, the feasibility of imaging and orbital determination of nanosatellites is greatly improved.
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Cermak, Jan. « SOFOS - a new satellite-based operational fog observation scheme ». Marburg, Lahn Selbstverl. der Marburger Geograph. Gesellschaft, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016441401&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Selva, Valero Daniel. « Rule-based system architecting of Earth observation satellite systems ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76089.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 399-412).
System architecting is concerned with exploring the tradespace of early, high-level, system design decisions with a holistic, value-centric view. In the last few years, several tools and methods have been developed to support the system architecting process, focusing on the representation of an architecture as a set of interrelated decisions. These tools are best suited for applications that focus on breadth - i.e., enumerating a large and representative part of the architectural tradespace -as opposed to depth - modeling fidelity. However, some problems in system architecting require good modeling depth in order to provide useful results. In some cases, a very large body of expert knowledge is required. Current tools are not designed to handle such large bodies of knowledge because they lack scalability and traceability. As the size of the knowledge base increases, it becomes harder: a) to modify existing knowledge or add new knowledge; b) to trace the results of the tool to the model assumptions or knowledge base. This thesis proposes a holistic framework for architecture tradespace exploration of large complex systems that require a large body of expert knowledge. It physically separates the different bodies of knowledge required to solve a system architecting problem (i.e., knowledge about the domain, knowledge about the class of optimization or search problem, knowledge about the particular instance of problem) by using a rule-based expert system. It provides a generic population-based heuristic algorithm for search, which can be augmented with rules that encode knowledge about the domain, or about the optimization problem or class of problems. It identifies five major classes of system architecting problems from the perspective of optimization and search, and provides rules to enumerate architectures and search through the architectural tradespace of each class. A methodology is also defined to assess the value of an architecture using a rule-based approach. This methodology is based on a decomposition of stakeholder needs into requirements and a systematic comparison between system requirements and system capabilities using the rules engine. The framework is applied to the domain of Earth observing satellite systems (EOSS). Three EOSS are studied in depth: the NASA Earth Observing System, the NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey, and the Iridium GEOscan program. The ability of the framework to produce useful results is shown, and specific insights and recommendations are drawn.
by Daniel Selva Valero.
Ph.D.
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Piattoni, Jacopo <1986&gt. « Space-based optical observation system suitable for micro satellite ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6870/1/Jacopo_Piattoni_Tesi_Dottorato.pdf.

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The PhD research activity has taken place in the space debris field. In detail, it is focused on the possibility of detecting space debris from the space based platform. The research is focused at the same time on the software and the hardware of this detection system. For the software, a program has been developed for being able to detect an object in space and locate it in the sky solving the star field. For the hardware, the possibility of adapting a ground telescope for space activity has been considered and it has been tested on a possible electronic board.
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Piattoni, Jacopo <1986&gt. « Space-based optical observation system suitable for micro satellite ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6870/.

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The PhD research activity has taken place in the space debris field. In detail, it is focused on the possibility of detecting space debris from the space based platform. The research is focused at the same time on the software and the hardware of this detection system. For the software, a program has been developed for being able to detect an object in space and locate it in the sky solving the star field. For the hardware, the possibility of adapting a ground telescope for space activity has been considered and it has been tested on a possible electronic board.
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Kovudhikulrungsri, Lalin. « Legal issues - using earth observation satellite for pre-disaster management ». Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40842.

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Earth observation satellites provide useful information for early warnings of coming disasters. Theoretically, Principle XI in the Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space posits that states having access to information about potential natural disasters should promptly transmit this data and its related information to states endangered by the disaster. This thesis analyzes the legal issues related to this duty, liability, remuneration, and the status of international organizations and private entities. It concludes that liability and remuneration issues are unclear. However, due to the time needed to finalize a legally-binding treaty, a United Nations resolution is the way to formulate the regime. Furthermore, the United Nations can promote cooperation between the have and have-not countries, not only in the legal context but also by raising awareness; promoting standardized, compatible data; and supporting the expense of providing remote sensing data to countries without satellites.
Les satellites d'observation de la terre fournissent des informations utiles pour détecter en avance les catastrophes éventuelles. Théoriquement, le principe XI, un des principes sur la télédétection, impose particulièrement que les états ayant accès aux informations sur des catastrophes naturelles potentielles devraient promptement transmettre ces données et son information relative aux états mis en danger par le désastre. Ce mémoire analyse les problématiques liées à ce devoir, à la responsabilité, à la rémunération, et au statut des organismes internationaux et des entités privées. Elle conclut que la responsabilité et la rémunération sont peu claires. Cependant, en raison du temps nécessaire pour conclure un traité juridiquement contraignant, une résolution des Nations Unies paraît comme la manière souhaitable pour formuler ce régime. En outre, les Nations Unies peuvent promouvoir la coopération entre les pays ayant les capacités technologiques et ceux qui ne l’ont pas, non seulement dans le contexte juridique mais également en soulevant la conscience ; en promouvant l’uniformisation et les données compatibles ; et en accordant des aides financières pour les dépenses à fournir des données de télédétection aux pays privés de satellites.
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Paek, Sung Wook. « Reconfigurable satellite constellations for geo-spatially adaptive Earth observation missions ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76106.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-151).
Continuously increasing demand for Earth observation in atmospheric research, disaster monitoring, and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) has been met by responsive architectures such as unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or artificial satellites. Space-based architectures can provide non-dominated design solutions on the utility-cost curve compared to alternate architectures through the use of two approaches: (1) reducing satellite manufacturing and launch costs and (2) introducing reconfigurability to the satellite constellations. Reconfigurable constellations (ReCons) enable fast responses to access targets of interest while providing global monitoring capability from space. The wide-area coverage and fast responses provided ReCon can complement high-resolution imagery provided by UAS. A newly proposed ReCon framework improves the model fidelity of previous approaches by utilizing Satellite Tool Kit (STK) simulations and Earth observation mission databases. This thesis investigates the design and optimization of ReCon in low Earth orbits. A multidisciplinary simulation model is developed, to which optimization techniques are applied for both single-objective and multi-objective problems. In addition to the optimized baseline ReCon design, its variants are also considered as case studies. Future work will potentially co-optimize ReCon and UAS-like systems.
by Sung Wook Paek.
S.M.
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Pislar, Vincent. « Étude d'amas de galaxies observés avec le satellite ROSAT ». Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066594.

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Ce travail est composé de deux parties. La première partie concerne l'étude de l'amas de galaxies Abell 85 en utilisant les données en rayons x du satellite Rosat ainsi que des données optiques et radio. Plusieurs méthodes d'analyse ont été appliquées aux données. Nous avons ainsi pu étudier des régions particulières de l'amas comme la partie centrale, siège des courants de refroidissement ou la région de la radiosource 0038-096 ou la mesure des flux x et radio a permis d'obtenir la valeur du champ magnétique. Une seconde partie du travail a consisté à étudier les caractéristiques des courants de refroidissement ainsi que la masse de gaz et de matière noire dans 11 amas de galaxies, grâce à un programme conçu pour ajuster les données de Rosat. Nous avons également obtenu la fraction de baryons de ces amas et discuté les conséquences cosmologiques des valeurs obtenues.
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McCarthy, Bradley L. « Coastal bathymetry using 8-color multispectral satellite observation of wave motion ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5199.

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Coastal bathymetry was measured using wave motion as observed by a commercial satellite imaging system. The linear finite depth dispersion relation for surface gravity waves was used to determine nearshore ocean depth from successive images acquired by the WorldView-2 satellite of the coastal area near Camp Pendleton, California. Principal component transforms were performed on co-registered images and principal component four was found to very effectively highlight wave crests in the surf zone. Change detection images, which included principal component four from successive images, contained both spatial and temporal information. From these change detection images, wave celerity could be determined and depth inversion could be performed. For waves farther from shore, principal component four no longer highlighted wave crests. Waves could be resolved within a single RGB composite image with equalization enhancement. The wavelength of a wave above a known depth was measured and the wave period method was used to determine depth for other waves in the propagation direction of this wave. Our depth calculations compared favorably to our reference bathymetry. The spatial resolution for this method of determining depth is higher and perhaps more accurate than our reference bathymetry, particularly in the surf zone.
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Livres sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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Brünner, Christian, Georg Königsberger, Hannes Mayer et Anita Rinner, dir. Satellite-Based Earth Observation. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4.

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Inc, RADARSAT International, dir. RADARSAT : Canada's earth observation satellite. Richmond, B.C : RADARSAT International Inc., 1993.

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Ilčev, Stojče Dimov. Global Satellite Meteorological Observation (GSMO) Applications. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67047-8.

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Ilčev, Stojče Dimov. Global Satellite Meteorological Observation (GSMO) Theory. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67119-2.

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Sandau, Rainer, Hans-Peter Roeser et Arnoldo Valenzuela, dir. Small Satellite Missions for Earth Observation. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03501-2.

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Chuvieco, Emilio. Advances in Earth Observation of Global Change. Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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7

SOFOS : A new satellite-based operational fog observation scheme. Marburg, Lahn : Selbstverlag der Marburger Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2007.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. TIMED Imaging Photometer Experiment (TIPE) : Descoped version summary / pricipal investigator Stephen B. Mende. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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S, Patt Frederick, Gregg Watson W et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., dir. CATLAC : Calibration and validation Analysis Tool of Local Area Coverage for the SeaWIFS mission. [Washington, D.C.?] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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J, Nieman Steven, Wanzong Steven et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Investigation of water vapor motion winds from geostationary satellites. [Washington, D.C : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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Chen, Hao, Shuang Peng, Chun Du et Jun Li. « Satellite Task Scheduling System ». Dans Earth Observation Satellites, 163–74. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3565-9_7.

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Vass, Pam, et Richard Thomas. « Earth observation satellites ». Dans Satellite Technology in Education, 38–61. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032629810-3.

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Migdall, Silke, Lena Brüggemann et Heike Bach. « Earth Observation in Agriculture ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 85–93. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_9.

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Chen, Hao, Shuang Peng, Chun Du et Jun Li. « Distributed Satellite Task Scheduling Models and Methods ». Dans Earth Observation Satellites, 111–32. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3565-9_5.

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Rathgeber, Wolfgang. « The European Space Agency’s Earth Observation Programme ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 3–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_1.

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Schardt, Mathias, Manuela Hirschmugl et Klaus Granica. « Remote Sensing for Alpine Forest Monitoring ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 95–106. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_10.

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Wurm, Michael. « Global Urbanization—Perspective from Space ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 107–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_11.

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Hütter, Rudolf L. « Applications and Benefits of Earth Observation with Respect to Public Administrations as an Example of the Geographical Information System of the Province of Styria (GIS-Steiermark®) ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 119–27. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_12.

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Mössler, Martin. « European Space Agency’s Business Incubation and Business Application Programmes. A Landmark in the Field of Tech Transfer ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 129–31. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_13.

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Brunner, Lorenz, et Gudrun Waniek. « Technological and Legal Aspects of Self-driving Vehicles ». Dans Satellite-Based Earth Observation, 133–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_14.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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Shmidt, E. E., M. A. Banshchikova et V. A. Avduyshev. « Investigation of nonlinearity in inverse problems of satellite dynamics ». Dans Всероссийская с международным участием научная конференция студентов и молодых ученых, посвященная памяти Полины Евгеньевны Захаровой «Астрономия и исследование космического пространства». Ural University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3229-8.16.

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The report presents the results of a study of the total and intrinsic nonlinearities as applied to the outer satellites of Jupiter observed on a short arc. The relationship between the nonlinearities and the conditions of satellite observations is revealed. In particular, it is shown that the total nonlinearity is very strong when the observation period is less than 0.1 of the orbital period, while the intrinsic nonlinearity is weak enough for all satellites, which indicates the possibility of using nonlinear methods for adequate modeling of their orbital uncertainty.
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de Korte, Piet A. J., Martin J. de Nivelle et Jan J. Wijnbergen. « Bolometric detector for OH observation ». Dans Satellite Remote Sensing II, sous la direction de David K. Lynch et Eric P. Shettle. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.228950.

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Bikulova, D. A., S. V. Nazarov et Yu Khovritchev. « Astrometric observations of Uranian and Neptunian satellites with the Pulkovo and Crimean observatory telescopes in 2020 ». Dans Всероссийская с международным участием научная конференция студентов и молодых ученых, посвященная памяти Полины Евгеньевны Захаровой «Астрономия и исследование космического пространства». Ural University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3229-8.20.

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The paper presents the results of observations of the Uranian and Neptunian satellites performed in 2020 with the 1-meter mirror telescope ‘Saturn’ (Pulkovo observatory) and the 350-mm guide telescope of the ‘Sintez’ telescope (Crimean observatory). More than 8 thousand separate positions of the satellites were obtained in the Gaia EDR3 catalog system. The average values of standard errors of the satellite normal place in right ascension and declination for the entire observation period, demonstrating the internal convergence of the observation results, lie within 10—50 mas.
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« BEOSAT (Branschweig's Earth-Observation-SATellite) ». Dans 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-iaa.4.11.p.03.

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Lu, Chunling, Bin Wu et Zhaoguang Bai. « Satellite lunar observation and analysis ». Dans Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XXVII, sous la direction de Toshiyoshi Kimura, Sachidananda R. Babu et Arnaud Hélière. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2679536.

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Hamit, Abderamane, Jean-Michel Martinez, Tristan Harmel, Thierry Tormos, Mauricio Cordeiro, Nicolas Gasnier, Alice Andral et al. « Monitoring Lake Chad Basin Water Quality Using Earth Observation Satellite Observations ». Dans 2023 International Conference on Earth Observation and Geo-Spatial Information (ICEOGI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceogi57454.2023.10292970.

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Ksendzuk, Alexander, et Vasiliy Grigorev. « Satellite Radio Monitoring Stations Observation Planning : Time Alignment Observation Algorithm ». Dans 2021 International Conference Engineering and Telecommunication (En&T). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ent50460.2021.9681763.

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« Small Satellite Constellations for Earth Observation ». Dans 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-iaa.4.11.4.08.

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Moliner, Luc. « SPOT-1 Earth Observation Satellite Deorbitation ». Dans SpaceOps 2002 Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-t3-30.

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Wang, Chaoliang, Xianfeng Song, Zhen Deng, Lei Feng et Chuanrong Li. « Online system for satellite observation planning ». Dans 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5980932.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Observation satellite"

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McHugh, Power et Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), juin 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.
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Vittitoe, C. N., et R. L. Schmidt. Refractive aiming corrections for satellite observation of stars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/451209.

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Ryerson, F. J., R. Finkel et J. van der Woerd. Satellite-based Observation of the Tectonics of Southern Tibet. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15004043.

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Cihlar, J., S. Denning et J. Tschirley. Terrestrial Carbon Observation Initiative : an integrated satellite - in situ strategy. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219784.

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Deschamps, Robert et Henschel. PR-420-133721-R01 Comparison of Radar Satellite Methods for Observation of Stability. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), juillet 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010840.

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This report discusses the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites for monitoring above ground pipelines and buried pipeline Rights-Of-Way (ROWs) using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques. The main thrust of the research was to evaluate the suitability of above-ground pipeline support members as InSAR measurement points, and to adapt existing techniques to allow for precise monitoring of jacking and subsidence caused by permafrost degradation and dynamics. The study site at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska includes more than 60,000 horizontal pipeline supports. The known locations of supports were used to identify and isolate supports in the radar imagery, and the phase and intensity of supports were analyzed to determine their ability to provide reliable estimates of deformation. An additional component of this research was the comparison of two satellites operating at different frequencies, RADARSAT-2 operating at C-band and TerraSAR-X operating at X-band. One year of data was acquired with both sensors in similar acquisition geometries and resolutions, at 24-day intervals for RADARSAT-2 and 11-day intervals for TerraSAR-X. Recommendations are made on the choice of wavelength and concerning future work in this area. A list of technical requirements is also provided. The technologies for obtaining ground deformation estimates from natural targets, coherent targets and homogeneous and distributed targets are explained and supported by three operational case-studies in different environments. The work should provide above-ground pipeline operators working in permafrost areas with a clear view of the current state of research towards the operationalization of InSAR monitoring, but also of current operational capabilities in other pipeline applications, including ROW geohazard monitoring and monitoring of buried pipelines crossing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) fields.
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Rémy, Elisabeth, Romain Escudier et Alexandre Mignot. Access impact of observations. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.8.

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The accuracy of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) ocean analysis and forecasts highly depend on the availability and quality of observations to be assimilated. In situ observations are complementary to satellite observations that are restricted to the ocean surface. Higher resolution model forecasts are required by users of the CMEMS global and regional ocean analysis and forecasts. To support this with an efficient observational constrain of the model forecast via data assimilation, an increase observation coverage is needed, associated with an improved usage of the available ocean observations. This work exploits the capabilities of operational systems to provide comprehensive information for the evolution of the GOOS. In this report, we analyse the use and the efficiency of the in-situ observations to constrain regional and global Mercator Ocean systems. Physical and biogeochemical variables are considered. The in-situ observations are used either to estimate physical ocean state at global and regional scale via data assimilation or to estimate BGC model parameters. The impact of the physical in situ observations assimilated in open ocean and coastal areas is assessed with numerical data assimilation experiments. The experiments are conducted with the regional 1/36° resolution and global 1/12° resolution systems operated by Mercator Ocean for the Copernicus Marine Service. For the global physical ocean, the focus is on the tropical ocean to better understand how the tropical mooring observations constrain the intraseasonal to daily variability and the complementarity with satellite observations and the deep ocean. The tropical moorings provide unique high frequency observations at different depth, but they are far away from each other, so part of the signal in the observation are decorrelated from one mooring to the others. It is only via an integrated approach, as data assimilation into a dynamical model and complementarity with other observing networks that those observations can efficiently constrain the different scales of variability of the tropical ocean circulation. As the satellite observations brings higher spatial resolution between the tropical moorings but for the ocean surface, we show that the tropical mooring and Argo profile data assimilation constrain the larger scale ocean thermohaline vertical structure (EuroSea D2.2; Gasparin et al., 2023). The representation of the high frequency signals observed at mooring location is also significantly improved in the model analysis compared to a non-assimilative simulation. The ocean below 2000 m depth is still largely under constrained as very few observations exist. Some deep ocean basins, as the Antarctic deep ocean, shows significant trend over the past decade but they are still not accurately monitored. Based on the spread of four deep ocean reanalysis estimates, large uncertainties were estimated in representing local heat and freshwater content in the deep ocean. Additionally, temperature and salinity field comparison with deep Argo observations demonstrates that reanalysis errors in the deep ocean are of the same size as or even stronger than the observed deep ocean signal. OSSE already suggested that the deployment of a global deep Argo array will significantly constrain the deep ocean in reanalysis to be closer to the observations (Gasparin et al., 2020). At regional and coastal scales, the physical ocean circulation is dominated by higher frequency, smaller scale processes than the open ocean which requires different observation strategy to be well monitor. The impact of assimilating high frequency and high-resolution observations provided by gliders on European shelves is analysed with the regional Iberic Biscay and Irish (IBI) system. It was found that repetitive glider sections can efficiently help to constrain the transport of water masses flowing across those sections. BGC ocean models are less mature than physical ocean models and some variable dependencies are still based on empirical functions. In this task, Argo BGC profile observations were used to optimize the parameters of the global CMEMS biogeochemical model, PISCES. A particle filter algorithm was chosen to optimize a 1D configuration of PISCES in the North Atlantic. The optimization of the PISCES 1D model significantly improves the model's ability to reproduce the North Atlantic bloom Recommendations on the in-situ network extensions for real time ocean monitoring are given based on those results, and the one also obtained in the WP2, Task 2.2 where data assimilation experiments but with simulated observations where conducted. Argo extension and the complementarity with satellite altimetry was also extensively studied. (EuroSea Deliverable ; D4.8)
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Liou, Kuo N. Aerosol Impacts on Cirrus Clouds and High-Power Laser Transmission : A Combined Satellite Observation and Modeling Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada498216.

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Liou, Kuo-Nan. Aerosol Impacts on Cirrus Clouds and High-Power Laser Transmission : A Combined Satellite Observation and Modeling Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519036.

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Qamer, Faisal M., Sravan Shrestha, Kiran Shakya, Birendra Bajracharya, Shib Nandan Shah, Ram Krishna Regmi, Salik Paudel et al. Operational in-season rice area estimation through Earth observation data in Nepal - working paper. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1017.

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In an effort to adopt emerging technologies in food security assessment through a codevelopment approach, the Government of Nepal’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development’s (ICIMOD) SERVIR-HKH Initiative undertook a pilot study in Chitwan District in 2019 to jointly develop methods for satellite remote sensing and machine learning-based in-season crop assessment. MoALD experts and relevant stakeholders thoroughly reviewed the approach before the honourable minister approved it for formal use in the national-level assessment for 2020 and onwards. For wider adoption of the advanced data science methods established in the pilot study, we customised the technology by developing a digital suite of software, including GeoFairy (a mobile app to facilitate field data collection by field extension professionals at the district level) and RiceMapEngine (a simplified platform for machine learning-based crop classification to facilitate crop area map production by MoALD’s GIS Section). In the current federal governance structure of Nepal, high-quality crop maps and yield estimates will not only bridge information needs among the federal and subnational institutions but also provide a means for consistent cross-country crop status assessments and communication.
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Mulet, Sandrine. Synthesis of satellite validation results. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.5.

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