Bibliographies thématiques / Observation morale

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Observation morale »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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Dibley, Ben, et Michelle Kelly. « Morale and Mass Observation : Governing the Affective Atmosphere on the Home-Front ». Museum and Society 13, no 1 (1 janvier 2015) : 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.315.

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This paper focuses on Mass Observation (MO)’s morale work, commissioned by the British Government over the period 1939–41. It examines the ways in which MO’s earlier collecting practices were recomposed through its research into civilian morale, and linked up with national centres of calculation, in particular the Ministry of Information (MoI). We explore the associations through which civilian morale was established, simultaneously, as an autonomous object of knowledge and as a particular field of intervention. As an object of knowledge, morale posited the existence of a dynamic affective ‘atmosphere’ associated with collective everyday life, which could be calibrated through various social scientific methods. As a particular field of intervention, technicians of morale postulated that this atmosphere might be regulated through various policy instruments. This paper traces the ways in which MO practices were implicated along these two axes in the emergence of civilian morale as a domain warranting the state’s ‘constant attention and supervision’.
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Beaven, Brad, et John Griffiths. « The blitz, civilian morale and the city : mass-observation and working-class culture in Britain, 1940–41 ». Urban History 26, no 1 (mai 1999) : 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926899000152.

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One of the most difficult concepts in both contemporary and academic accounts of the Second World War is that of civilian morale. This paper uses evidence from the Mass-Observation Archive to argue that understanding fluctuations in morale can only be understood through an exploration of working-class culture during the 1930s and 1940s. The paper examines difficulties of defining ‘morale’ and goes on to argue that the pattern of bombing in urban centres and the continuity of working-class institutions helped shape and maintain morale during the critical period of 1940–41
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Hafidurrahman, Moh, Samsul Arifin et Ach Sholehuddin. « THE DILEMMA OF ONLINE EDUCATION IN BUILDING STUDENT CHARACTER ». Molang : Journal Of Islamic Education 1, no 02 (29 juin 2023) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32806/dxt57m98.

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This scholarly article critically evaluates the impact of technology, with a particular focus on online education, on students' morals and character. The research is designed to understand how online education, due to technological development, affects students' morals and character and to seek strategies to strengthen these aspects. The research methodology involved a comprehensive literature review, with data collected from various journals and the author's observation of the online education phenomenon. The results show that online education brings new challenges for students, including teachers' need for more direct guidance and the monotony of learning methods. This has an impact on the decline of students' morale and character. This article provides new insights into how technology affects students' morale and character, particularly online education. The study also highlights the importance of character and ethics education in the current education system and how online education can be customised to strengthen these aspects. In modern education, which is increasingly influenced by technology, this study contributes to understanding the challenges and opportunities posed by online education. As such, this article serves as a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers who seek to maximise the potential of online education while minimising its negative impact on students' morals and character
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Syuhada, Ilham, et Wan Rizca Amelia. « Pengaruh Konflik Kerja Dan Semangat Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Divisi Avsec Angkasa Pura ». Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis (JIMBI) 2, no 2 (22 novembre 2021) : 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jimbi.v2i1.455.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work conflict and morale on employee performance in the Avsec Division of Angkasa Pura II Kuala Namu.The population in this study were employees of the Avsec Division of Angkasa Pura II Kuala Namu using a sample of 92 people. To obtain data in the preparation of this thesis, the author uses observation data collection instruments (observations), interviews, and distributes questionnaires. In analyzing the data using multiple linear regression, t test, f test, and determination test.The result showed that: (1) partially work conflict has an effect on employee performance in the avsec division of Angkasa Pura II Kuala Namu. (2) morale has an effect on employee performance in the Avsec division of Angkasa Pura II Kuala Namu. (3) Simultaneously work conflict and morale have an effect on employee performance in the Avsec division of Angkasa Pura II Kuala Namu.
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Setiawan, Budi, Ahmad Soleh et Kaulan Kaulan. « DETERMINANT PRODUCTIVITY OF HONORARY EMPLOYEES IN WATER IRIGATION AREA OBSERVATION OFFICES SELUMA ». BIMA Journal (Business, Management, & ; Accounting Journal) 1, no 1 (10 mars 2020) : 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37638/bima.1.1.22-33.

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This study aims to analyze the determinants of the work productivity of honorary employees at the Seluma Irrigation Water Observers Regional Office. The method of collecting data is by distributing questionnaires to 42 honorary employees. Analysis of the data used is quantitative analysis, with the method of multiple linear regression, determination test, t test and F test. The results of SPSS analysis for windows version 16.0, obtained the regression equation Y = 2.239 + 0.231X1 + 0.653X2 + 0.378X3. The regression equation shows that there is a positive influence between morale, work discipline and organizational commitment to the work productivity of honorary employees at the Seluma Irrigation Water Observers Regional Office, and work discipline variables have the strongest influence on work productivity because it has the greatest regression coefficient value, namely .653. From the results of the determination test it is known that 85.3% of the work productivity of honorary employees at the Seluma Irrigation Water Irrigation Area Observers Office is influenced by morale, work discipline and organizational commitment. The t-test results showed that morale, work discipline and organizational commitment partially had a significant effect on the work productivity of honorary employees, because of the probability value of sig. 0.05. While the F (Anova) test results showed that work morale, work discipline and organizational commitment simultaneously had a significant influence on the work productivity of honorary employees at the Seluma Irrigation Water Irrigation Area Observers Office, where Fcount Ftable (80,169 2,850).
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Amri, Syaiful, Nurhidayati Nurhidayati et Rosiya Wardani. « FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI ». Waisya : Jurnal Ekonomi Hindu 1, no 2 (10 octobre 2022) : 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53977/jw.v1i2.706.

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This study aims to determine the effect of work environment, workload and compensation on morale partially and simultaneously. This type of research is associative research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and questionnaires. The population in this study are all employees in the Department of manpower and Transmigration as many as 75 employees. Sampling technique using non probability sampling with purposive sampling method, so that the number of samples obtained as many as 48 people. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that environmental variables partially no significant effect on morale, while workload and compensation partially significant effect on morale. The variables work environment, workload and compensation simultaneously have a significant influence on morale. The results of this study were also able to show that the independent variables (work environment, workload and compensation) were able to explain the dependent variable (morale) by 44%. While the remaining 46% of morale is influenced by other variables outside the work environment, workload and compensation.
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Darmawan, I. Gede Widya, et I. Made Artha Wibawa. « PENGARUH KOMPENSASI FINANSIAL, LINGKUNGAN KERJA NON FISIK, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN ». E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 8, no 8 (3 août 2019) : 5118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i08.p15.

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The purpose of this study was to study comparative financial research, non-physical work environment, and organizational commitment to morale. This research was conducted at KSP. Tat Twam Asi Denpasar, the number of samples taken was 30 employees, with the method of saturated samples / census. Data collection is done through interviews and questionnaires. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. At the initial observation found in KSP. Tat Twam Asi Denpasar has a problem related to the employee morale. This can be seen from the high employee absentee level. Based on the results of the analysis found that financial compensation, non-physical work environment, and organizational commitment simultaneously or partially positive commitment to employee morale. This shows that the higher compensation and organizational commitment, the higher employee morale will be. KSP. Tat Twam, the approved company considers the average value indicators that are approved by the average value variable. Keywords: financial compensation, non physical work environment, commitment organizational, employee morale.
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Karbon, Renny, Yenni Sofiana Tambunan et Rifka Hadia Lubis. « PENGARUH PEMBINAAN DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA GURU DAN PEGAWAI PADA SMA NEGERI 3 SIBOLGA ». Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 3, no 2 (12 juin 2023) : 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurimbik.v3i2.474.

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The formulation of the problem in this research is whether coaching and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on the morale of teachers and employees at SMA Negeri 3 Sibolga. This study aims to determine the effect of coaching and work discipline on employee morale at SMA Negeri 3 Sibolga. The sample in this study were all teachers and employees of SMA Negeri 3 Sibolga, totaling 64 (sixty four) people. The type of research used in this research is the survey method, which is the method used to obtain data from certain natural places and the research collects data through observation, distribution of questionnaire documentation and interviews. The data analysis technique in this study is Multiple Linear Regression.The results of this study indicate: Coaching partially has a positive and significant effect on the morale of teachers and employees; Work discipline partially has a positive and significant effect on the morale of teachers and employees; Coaching and Work Discipline partially have a positive and significant effect on the morale of teachers and employees
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Syamsu S, Syamsu. « STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM ANTISIPASI KRISIS AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK PADA SMA NEGERI DI PALOPO ». INFERENSI 9, no 2 (1 décembre 2015) : 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v9i2.373-396.

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This research aims to explore the implications of applied learning strategies of Islamic education teachers for anticipation moral crisis of students in high schools in Palopo. This type of research is quantitative descriptive model with ex post facto. The subject of this research is Islamic education teachers at six high schools in Palopo. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analyze techniqueused statistic and qualitative methods. The results showed that: 1) Islamic education teachers in high schools in Palopo often apply various learning strategies; 2), The efforts of Islamic education teachers in high schools in Palopo often attempt to use morale education to anticipate morale crisis of students, to optimize teachers’ role and morale learning, 3) Learning strategies applied by Islamic education teachers are not significant to give implications towards the anticipated efforts of the high school students’ morale crisis in Palopo.
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Hidayat, Romidon. « DAMPAK UANG SERVIS TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH ( PD ) HOTEL SWARNA DWIPA PALEMBANG ». Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini 8, no 3 (26 février 2018) : 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v8i3.367.

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The purpose of this research is to know the influence of money service to employee morale at local company (pd) Hotel Swarna Dwipa Palembang. Methods in this study quantitative methods, population in this study amounted to 122 people, sampling of 25% of 122 people as many as 31 people. Technique of collecting data using koesioner, observation and documentation. Data analysis technique use statistical test. In the analysis of statistical test data conducted in the correlation coefficient symbolized (r) obtained 0,574 then classified level of relationship is strong enough. The calculation results obtained rhitung 0.574> rtabel0,355, the value of the coefficient of determination index (r2) of 0.329 or 33% indicates the amount of influence money service to employee morale at local companies (pd) swarna dwipa hotel Palembang while the remaining 67% other. Thus it can be concluded there is a significant (positive) influence of service money on employee morale at the local company (pd) hotel swarna dwipa Palembang.Keywords : Service Money, Morale and Regional Company
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Thèses sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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Jabarian, Brian. « Opérationnaliser l'incertitude morale : définir un cadre d'analyse pour l'esprit critique dans un monde incertain ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H223.

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Ce doctorat en philosophie explore le problème de l'incertitude normative, c'est-à-dire le problème éthique complexe qui consiste à savoir ce que nous devrions faire lorsque nous sommes incertains de ce que nous devrions faire. Nous menons notre thèse dans la tradition oubliée de la philosophie des sciences, celle de l'opérationnalisation. Cette dernière est une approche analytique approfondie qui permet de définir un cadre d’analyse pour conduire des études appliquées d'un un concept dont les implications empiriques ne sont, à l’origine, ni prouvées ni claires. Dans notre cas d'évaluation ou de choix éthique, l'opérationnalisation comprend deux dimensions principales : (1) fournir un cadre pour le raisonnement, la comparaison des valeurs des options et la prise de décision par des individus ou des groupes ; (2) fournir des preuves empiriques pour démontrer la pertinence du concept pour la recherche appliquée et les investigations scientifiques ultérieures. Nous divisons notre thèse en deux grandes parties suivant ces dimensions. Dans une introduction préalable, nous discutons l'incertitude normative et ses relations avec d'autres concepts éthiques et méta-éthiques. La première partie fournit un cadre complet pour comparer les valeurs des options, raisonner et prendre des décisions individuelles dans un contexte d'incertitude normative, en fonction des types et de la quantité d'informations dont dispose le décideur. La deuxième partie montre comment nous pouvons utiliser l’éthique et la philosophie du langage dans les méthodes d'enquête et établir l'incertitude normative comme un fait empirique en combinant ces deux disciplines. La conclusion résume les principales contributions de notre thèse
This Ph.D. in philosophy explores the normative uncertainty problem, i.e. the complex ethical problem of what should we do when uncertain about what we should do? We conduct our thesis in the tradition of the long-forgotten philosophy of science tradition of operationalization. The latter is a thorough analytical approach that allows for applied investigations of a concept whose empirical implications are neither proven nor clear. In the case of an ethical evaluation or choice problem, operationalization includes two main dimensions: (1) providing a framework for reasoning, comparing the values of options, and decision-making by individuals or groups; (2) providing empirical evidence to demonstrate the concept’s relevance for applied research and further scientific investigations. We divide our thesis into two main parts based on these dimensions. A preceding introduction addresses normative uncertainty and its relations to other ethical and meta-ethical concepts. Part I provides a comprehensive framework for comparing the values of options, reasoning, and making individual decisions under normative uncertainty, depending on the types and amount of information available to the decision-maker. Part II demonstrates how we may employ humanities in survey methods and establish normative uncertainty as an empirical fact by combining both disciplines. The conclusion summarizes our thesis’ main contributions
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Hui, Man-yee Mary, et 許文愉. « Educating "moral" children : observations froma preschool ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35416919.

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Hui, Man-yee Mary. « Educating "moral" children observations from a preschool / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35416919.

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Lynn, Jerry A. « Effective and Less Effective Schools : Differences in Morale and Leader Behaviors as Revealed by Selected Observations ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2723.

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The purpose of this study was: (a) to determine if a significant difference exists between leadership behavior of principals in effective schools when compared to leadership behavior of principals in less effective schools as perceived by teachers, (b) to determine if a significant difference exists in teacher morale in effective schools when compared to less effective schools, and (c) to determine if a significant difference exists in the comparison of the correlations between leadership behaviors of principals and factors contributing to teacher morale in effective schools when compared to less effective schools. A total of 158 teachers returned completed questionnaires. Leadership behavior of principals and teacher morale were measured by 83 teachers in effective schools and 75 teachers in less effective schools using the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire, Form XII (LBDQ) and the Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (PTO). A significant difference was found between effective schools and less effective schools in the leader behavior persuasiveness. Significant differences were also found in the correlations between teacher rapport with principal and initiation of structure and consideration. No significant differences were found in the total mean scores of leader behavior, total mean scores of teacher morale, or the correlation between the total mean scores of leader behavior and teacher morale. No significant differences were found in leader behavior dimensions of representation, demand reconciliation, tolerance of uncertainty, initiation of structure, tolerance of freedom, role assumption, consideration, production emphasis, predictive accuracy, integration, or superior orientation. No significant differences were found in teacher morale dimensions of teacher rapport with principal, satisfaction with teaching, rapport among teachers, teacher salary, teacher load, curriculum issues, teacher status, community support of education, school facilities and services, or community pressures. No significant differences were found in the correlations between teacher rapport with principal and representation, demand reconciliation, tolerance of uncertainty, persuasiveness, tolerance of freedom, role assumption, production emphasis, predictive accuracy, integration, superior orientation; rapport among teachers and demand reconciliation, initiation of structure, role assumption, integration; curriculum issues and tolerance of freedom; teacher status and consideration; or school facilities and services and production emphasis. Recommendations based on the findings were given.
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Hajjej, Ishak. « Contrat optimal pour les partenariats public-privé avec aléa moral : une approche de contrôle stochastique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG007.

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Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse aux contrats de partenariat public-privé (PPP). Un PPP est un contrat à long terme entre une entité publique et une partie privée, aussi appelée consortium, dans lequel le public externalise la construction et/ou la gestion d’un bien public. Le consortium prend le risque et la responsabilité de gérer le projet. Le public s’engage en contre partie à lui verser une rente. Cependant, les efforts du consortium pour améliorer la valeur sociale du projet ne sont pas observables par le public. C’est un problème de principal agent avec aléa moral où le principal est le public et l’agent est le privé. On suppose que le public paie le consortium continûment et l’effort de l’agent affecte le drift de la valeur sociale du projet. On suppose que le public est neutre au risque et le consortium est adverse au risque. Dans le chapitre 2 de la thèse, on considère un contrat perpétuel entre une entité publique et un consortium. On caractérise le contrat optimal dans ce cadre d’aléa moral. On utilise une formulation forte : on considère différentes filtrations correspondant à différents niveaux d’informations comme dans le contexte de contrôle stochastique avec observation partielle. Dans cette approche, on utilise des méthodes de martingale et de contrôle stochastique. Dans le chapitre 3, on considère un problème du partenariat public-privé avec horizon aléatoire, dans lequel le public a la possibilité d’arrêter le contrat à une date aléatoire et donne une compensation au consortium. On résout ce problème de contrôle stochastique avec un problème d’arrêt optimal dans ce cadre d’aléa moral. Dans ce chapitre, on utilise la formulation faible : on suppose que le consortium change la distribution de la valeur sociale du projet en changeant son drift et cela revient à considérer une nouvelle mesure de probabilité qui dépend de l’effort de l’agent. Dans le chapitre 4, on s’intéresse aussi au problème de partenariat public-privé avec un horizon aléatoire mais en utilisant la formulation forte. Puis, on traite la cadre de partage de risque : on suppose que le public et le consortium ont les mêmes informations. On analyse numériquement la valeur d’information. Dans le chapitre 5, on étudie l’existence d’une solution de l’équation d’Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman qui apparaît dans notre étude théorique. Puis, on développe des résultats numériques pour la résolution numérique d’une équation Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman et l’inéquation variationnelle dans le cadre de notre étude numérique
In this thesis, we are interested in the contract with moral hazard for public private partnerships (PPP). PPP is defined as a long-term contract between a private party and a public entity, for the construction and/or the management of an asset or public service, in which the consortium takes the risks and a responsibility to manage the project. The public undertakes to pay him a rent. However, the effort that the consortium does to improve the social value of the project is not observable by the public. It is a principal-agent problem with moral hazard, in which the principal is the public and the agent is the consortium. We assume that the public pays the consortium continuously and the effort of the consortium affects the drift of the social value of the project. We assume that the agent is risk averse and the public is risk-neutral. In chapter 2 of the thesis, we consider a perpetual contract between a public entity and a consortium. We characterize the optimal contract in this moral hazard framework. We use the strong formulation : we consider different filtrations corresponding to the different level of information as in the context of stochastic control under partial observation. In this approach, we use martingale methods and stochastic control techniques. In chapter 3, we consider a public-private partnership problem with a random horizon, in which the public has the possibility to stop the contract at a fixed or a random time and gives compensation to the consortium. We solve this optimal stochastic control with optimal stopping problem in this context of moral hazard. We use the weak approach, that is the agent changes the distribution of the social value of the project by changing the drift and this amounts to considering a new probability that depends on the effort of the consortium. In the chapter 4, we also consider the problem of public-private partnership with a random horizon but using the strong formulation. Then, we deal with the risk-sharing framework, we assume that the public and the consortium have the same information. We analyze numerically the value of information. Chapter 5 focuses on the existence of a solution of the Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman equation that appears in our theoretical study. Then, we detail the numerical results for the numerical resolution of a Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman equation and variational inequality as part of our numerical study
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Broersma, Brouwer Betty J. « Stop fighting ! There's enough for both of you, an observational study of parents' socialization of moral orientation during sibling conflicts ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ43142.pdf.

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Nicholls, Ruth M. « Ethics of trust and resistance : participation in indigenous research ». Thesis, View abstract, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46639.

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In negotiating research relationships with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the question of colonisation runs deep. Often, as a gesture to counter the colonising effects of the research gaze, ‘participation’ is hailed as a methodological solution, as a means of healing and transforming power relations. In practice however, the ethical implications of research activities remain complex and contested (Cornwall, 2008, p.276). Much is written about why participatory methods offer remedial qualities of empowerment to counter colonialism in research, but there is little discussion of what happens when participatory research with Indigenous Australians does not operate as a smooth process of reclamation. Often, researchers avoid accounting for resistance to participation because this is viewed as a personal ‘failure’ to accurately represent the interests of a colonised group. The basis of these assumptions comes from a moral compulsion to alter power relations towards social justice: such logic cannot accept that ‘oppressed’ peoples would reject opportunities for empowerment. Yet, international literature (Kothari, 2001) shows that subjectivities comprising participatory research must be carefully considered when constructing research relationships. Drawing from a case study of my own participatory research experience with an Aboriginal community development organisation in Western Sydney, I consider how a non–Indigenous researcher might approach an understanding of their ethics when attempting to ‘decolonise’ their research. I reflexively investigate my own practice to offer a discussion of the ways in which researchers can understand how they come to determine what is ethical and what is not. My account begins with a description of a case study involving multiple forms of participation over a three–year period, which I explore as a series of ‘invited spaces’ (Cornwall, 2004). Drawing from my case study, I incorporate Foucault’s ethics (2005) by discussing how ethics codes create subjectivities, which not only shape the participants in the research, but also shape the kind of ‘selves’ researchers seek to become through participatory research. I consider the contingencies that have led to the construction of a remedial role for participatory methods in research involving Indigenous Australians by critically analysing the discourses within the National Health and Medical Research Council’s ethics guidelines. This research offers a multi–layered approach to reflexivity, by attending to transparency, interpersonal relationships, and a collective evaluation of the process with participants (Nicholls, 2009). Collective reflection about (re)presenting research findings to a variety of audiences highlights the importance of examining one’s own motives as crucial to ‘ethical’ practice. Researchers seeking to achieve a form of participation without resistance set themselves an impossible task. Resistance is not to be feared, but is to be expected within the mechanics of power relations amongst subjectivities within ‘communities’. Incorporating resistance into accounts of participatory research enables an ability to acknowledge ‘internal conflicts and contradictions’ (Fawcett and Hearn, 2004, p. 211) without deeming participation a failure. I argue that participation is a liminal space between trust and resistance, containing tensions and productive possibilities. By attending to one's ethics (Foucault, 2005), participatory researchers might now understand fluidity, uncertainty, and dynamism within research relationships as a rich source of reflexive work towards countering the colonising gaze.
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Boursier, François. « Vers une politique globale de l'enfance : naissance d'une association, l'ARSEA de Lyon, 1935-1950 ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2102.

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Cette thèse a pour objet d’étudier la création à Lyon de l’association « La Sauvegarde de l’enfance » sous le régime de Vichy. L’étude de cet « objet » a nécessité de désenclaver la période, afin de mettre davantage en évidence le rôle majeur des années de l’Entre-deux guerres dans l’élaboration d’un dispositif de prise en charge de l’enfance irrégulière et endanger moral. Et par conséquent d’inscrire cette étude dans la double continuité : années 30/Vichy, Vichy/Reconstruction. Ce temps étudié, met en évidence le rôle central que va jouer, tout au long des années 1935-1949, la neuropsychiatrie infantile dans l’élaboration du dispositif de prise en charge de l’enfance. Cela dans un contexte de forte médicalisation desquestions sociales. Au travers de cet objet historique, « La Sauvegarde de l’enfance », nous avons pu étudier au plus près la construction d’un rapport complexe entre l’Etat en pleine affirmation de son autorité, de renforcement de ses pouvoirs et l’Association comme expression de la société civile. Ce rapport complexe, fait de tensions, d’injonctions, et de reconnaissance mutuelle, s’inscrit dans une tradition élaborée dans le dernier tiers du XIXe siècle qui est celle du « concordat social », de la nécessité d’un compromis qui produit ce que Pierre Rosanvallon nomme « le jacobinisme amendé ». La Sauvegarde de l’enfance à Lyon, sera, entre 1943 et 1949, l’expression de cet amendement du jacobinisme. Cette étude a enfin permis de montrer, dans un contexte historique singulier, le rôle important des acteurs individuels ou collectifs, acteurs qui le plus souvent s’inscrivent au sein de réseaux et qui élaborent des stratégies. Ainsi au coeur de l’Occupation allemande, sous l’Etat Français de Vichy dans sa période la plus noire, des acteurs associatifs et politiques se donnent des marges de manoeuvres, négocient. Cette France au plus près du terrain a pu exprimer et réaliser ses vues, du moins les négocier, grâce à un contexte qui, paradoxalement, ne faisait pas de la protection de l’enfance une priorité de l’Etat. C’est là, au cours de cette séquence historique majeure, que les politiques de protection de l’enfance entrent dans un âge nouveau, que s’élabore un dispositif : fait d’un discours, d’une législation, d’institutions, de professionnels notamment
The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to study the creation process of the association « Sauvegarde de l’enfance » (protection/safeguard of childhood) in Lyon under the Vichy regime. This PhD disseration has required to open the period to the years which have preceded and followed the Vichy regime in order to evidence among others the major contribution of the inter-war period to the development of a scheme aiming at taking care of children in an irregular situation and in moral danger. And as a result to place this study in the double continuity : 30s/Vichy and Vichy/postwar reconstruction. The studied period highlighths the central role played by child neuropsychiatry through the years 1935-1949 in the development of the childcare system/scheme, in a context of heavy medicalisation of social matters. Through the historical object « The Protection/safeguard of childhood » it has been possible to study closely the development of a complex relation between the State - in a period where its authority grew significantly and got strengthened - and the associations / « the Association » as representative of the civil society. This complex relation, made of tensions, injonctions and mutual recognition, ties in a tradition developed during the last third of the 19th Century, the tradition of « social concordat », of the necessity of a compromise which developed into what Pierre Rosanvallon calls « the amended jacobinism ». The « Sauvegarde de l’enfance » in Lyon will be between 1943 and 1949 the expression of this amendment to jacobinism. This study has eventually allowed to show in a special historical context the important role of individual and collective actors, who most often relate to networks and work out strategies. Thus in the darkest period of the German occupation under the Vichy State its, associative and political actors negotiate. This France in contact with day-to-day realities has had the possibility to express and achieve its visions/intentions/aims/targets, at least negotiate them, thanks to a context where the State paradoxically did not prioritize the protection of childhood. It is in this period, during this major historical sequence, that policies aiming at protecting childhood entered into a new period ; this is when a care scheme has developped, made especially of an argumentation, a legislation and institutions
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Yang, Su-Mei, et 楊淑媚. « The use of observation method to research the impact of work morale in organizational change - Air Force Logistics repair factory quality control team ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fbpgyh.

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碩士
高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
101
Department of Defense for the establishment of the new age elite national army, with the government reform, continue to promote the strength of structural adjustment; This research studies at this stage, "the Pristine of the Program" organizational change, members of the organization in response to sudden changes of environment, the condition of derivative Significant supporting measures, how to impact morale characterization,to developing continuation programs as a manager, or adjust the leadership method of reference. In this study, the quality management group of the Air Force Logistics repair factory for the study, the use of Participant observation, supplemented by Free representation method, summarized in the following conclusions: 1.The organizational change morale characterization upward; however, when it is involved morale dimensions and management related topics, showing that affect the morale of members is reduced, formed to enhance the morale of obstacles. 2.Environment variation, and the relative supporting measures impact , the morale ‘s characterization is upward; except to the extent that the work situations involving external environmental factors (such as major government policy), and the organization's internal management capacity, the bureaucracy relations and other issues, the lower the morale of the members of the organization. 3.High team spirit organization,in the face of rapid changes of external environment and internal organization of the operational functions is imperfect,management capability can not be convinced of the context,the members still peers to help one another、to encourage, the operation of the organization is still not affected; except to the extent that organizations morale shaken symptoms become apparent,the morale of the obstacles become increasingly serious, must immediately confront and take improvement measures. According to the above results, four suggestions are addressed: 1.That motivates employees to participate in change and policies to promote opinions communication process. 2.To create a happy working environment, to terminate the ex-tide, and the members of the organization are willing for organizational effectiveness. 3.The human resources management system refined, emphasis on employee performance measurement and future development. 4.Management Leadership ability to re-learn, put in to develop the process of education and experience.
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Kerkhoven, John. « Simone Weil : a study in moral psychology and observations on religious life ». Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2184/1/MQ83812.pdf.

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At the heart of this thesis is the work of Simone Weil; at its centre is a critique of Iris Murdoch's The Sovereignty of Good . Murdoch was greatly inspired by Simone Weil and also wrote in the tradition of Anglo-Saxon philosophy; a thorough critique of her book therefore provides an opportunity to discuss critical concepts in Weil's work in a context meaningful to philosophers in the analytic tradition. I demonstrate the prima facie implausibility of Murdoch's portrayal of a moral agent as a psychologically isolated rather than socially situated human being; I then critique her views by appealing both to psychological evidence and to insights owing to linguistic philosophy. I show, in contrast, that on Well's conception humans are socially and politically situated thinking beings endowed with a faculty of attention and capable of consent. I further show how Weil's view of human relationships acknowledges the harm and isolation that people can experience, and only experience, as social beings, and which are constitutive of the phenomenon that she calls "affliction". As an experience of the lack of a referring context, affliction cannot be either acknowledged or named. The insight of linguistic philosophy that meaning is tied to context proves helpful to understanding this. Finally, I extend the notion of context beyond the social and argue for a four-stage schematism in the thought of Simone Weil; this schematism begins with the individual, passes on to the social world, then to the natural world viewed as necessity, and then to God
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Livres sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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John, Griffiths, et University of Sussex. Mass-Observation Archive., dir. Mass-observation and civilian morale : Working-class communities during the blitz, 1940-41. Brighton : Mass-Observation Archive, University of Sussex Library, 1998.

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Harriet, Martineau. How to observe morals and manners. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A : Transaction Publishers, 1988.

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Harriet, Martineau. How to observe morals and manners. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A : Transaction Publishers, 1989.

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Peneff, Jean. L' hôpital en urgence : Étude par observation participante. Paris : Métailié, 1992.

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Lundberg, Ferdinand. The natural depravity of mankind : Observations on the human condition. New York : Barricade Books, Inc., 1994.

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National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.), dir. Scientific and ethical approaches for observational exposure studies. Research Triangle Park, NC : National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008.

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The disturbed subject : Epistemological and ethical implications of reactivity in videotape research. New York : P. Lang, 1990.

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1946-, Demers Patricia, dir. Cœlebs in search of a wife : Comprehending observations on domestic habits and manners, religion and morals. Peterborough, Ont : Broadview Editions, 2007.

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T͡Syvkin, Mark. Medit͡sina, vrach-pat͡sient : Medit͡sina : vrach-pat͡sient : rezulʹtaty mnogoletnikh nabli͡udeniĭ i osmysleniĭ = Medicine, physician-patient : the result of long term observation and reflections. Nʹi͡u-Ĭork : Izd-vo "Mir Collection", 1996.

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Hughes, Alain E. Scientific and ethical approaches for observational exposure studies. Sous la direction de National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). New York : Nova Science Pub., Inc., 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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Rödl, Matthias. « Moral hazard and group sample observation ». Dans Management, Organisation und ökonomische Analyse, 131–60. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25248-9_5.

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Heller, Francis H. « The Concept of “Government” : Historical and Comparative Observations ». Dans The Moral Authority of Government, 118–23. New York : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417781-22.

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Tan, Chuanbao, Wanfei Huang et Min Yu. « A Philosophical Observation of the Aesthetic View of Moral Education ». Dans The Aesthetic View of Moral Education, 30–54. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003442417-2.

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Eggert, Marion, et Heiner Roetz. « Practicing Forgiveness in Chosŏn Korea : With Some Observations on Confucian Normative Discourse ». Dans Guilt, Forgiveness, and Moral Repair, 249–84. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84610-7_13.

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Wu, Siew Mei, et Gene Segarra Navera. « ELT Materials as Sites of Values Education : A Preliminary Observation of Secondary School Materials ». Dans Situating Moral and Cultural Values in ELT Materials, 51–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63677-1_4.

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Lecaldano, Eugenio. « Il lavoro nella ‘società commerciale’ secondo David Hume e Adam Smith ». Dans Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 593–607. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.69.

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David Hume and Adam Smith shared the same philosophical project: the construction of a ‘science of human nature ‘. Then with their writings – Hume in his economic and political ‘Essays’ and Smith in ‘The Wealth of Nations’ – they offer many systematic explanations of the changes observed in the ‘commercial society’ in Scotland in second part of the Eighteenth Century. Their observations show very large consequences of the changes with the ‘partition’ or ‘division’ in the human work. The paper develops a comparison between the theoretic options of Hume and Smith. Hume insists on the importance of the moral space in the free choice of the work for one’s life; and Smith develops in detail the manifold consequences of the ‘division of labour’, particularly economic, moral and political.
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Biles, David. « Human Rights in Correctional Organisations in Australia and Asia : Some Criminological Observations ». Dans Human Rights and the Moral Responsibilities of Corporate and Public Sector Organisations, 189–203. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2361-8_11.

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Dusinberre, William. « Morale ». Dans Them Dark Days, 265–81. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090215.003.0010.

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Abstract The physical and mental tyranny-the brutality, “contempt and neglect” to which the blacks were habitually exposed-were consciously and unconsciously employed by the masters to shape the slaves’ character for life. That slavery left a permanent mark was understood, in both the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, by many blacks who knew whereof they spoke. The sharecropper Nate Shaw realized that his father, born in 1850, suffered a “back yonder ‘ism’ “ bred into him by slavery, that impelled him to flinch before white neighbors like Jim Flint and to lead an improvident life. The Northern-born black clergyman Henry Turner (later bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church) lamented in 1865-from his observation as an army chaplain in the South-that the “old servile fear still twirls itself around the heart strings [of many freedmen and women], and fills with terror the entire soul at a white man’s frown. Just let him say stop, and every fibre is palsied, and this will be the case till they all die.”
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Davison, Claire. « Overlapping Intimacies : Russian Fever, Domestic Morale and the BBC Home Service, 1941–5 ». Dans Modernist Intimacies, 197–214. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441834.003.0012.

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This chapter takes the focus on transnational, sonic intimacy to the BBC Home Service in 1941–5, and its ‘Projection of Russia’ campaign commissioned to familiarise audiences with a new ally. It foregrounds the inspiration this successful cultural project drew from twentieth-century Russian artistic landmarks – Soviet film and theatre, modernist music and the Ballets Russes – to bring dazzlingly experimental, often trans-medial artworks into the private lives of listeners at home. Contesting the persistent notion of wartime radio as culturally conservative and ‘at best, a sober and homely monosphere (seeping from “the cells of [the listener’s] most intimate life”, as Adorno puts it), at worst an insidiously invasive voice of state-controlled consensus’, Davison’s scrutiny of the Radio Times, The Listener, The Gramophone and the BBC Script and Sound Archives reveals how these aesthetically and technologically challenging wartime productions – and their popularisation through the intimate familiarity of home listening – bear out an observation in the unsigned The Listener editorial ‘Understanding an Ally’ (1942): that transnational and transcultural understanding begins with ‘“what we have in common”: “learning about their background, their views and their traditions, by trying to see things for a few moments as they see them, to think […] as they think”’.
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McGrath, Sarah. « Observation and Experience ». Dans Moral Knowledge, 106–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805410.003.0004.

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This chapter explores how experience and observation contribute to moral knowledge. It defends the view that experience and observation can contribute to moral knowledge in any of the ways in which they contribute to our ordinary, non-moral knowledge of the world around us, including by empirically confirming and disconfirming moral claims. I argue that moral testimony has important implications for the possibility of confirming moral views by non-moral observations. I also argue that membership in a moral community, which puts one in a position to compare the moral opinions of others with one’s own, can contribute to moral knowledge not only by affording evidence for or against one’s opinions, but also by providing feedback that can serve to calibrate one’s capacity for judgment so that future exercises of that judgment are more likely to deliver knowledge. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a priori moral knowledge.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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Maktoufi, Reyhaneh. « Productive Failure : Observations and Interpretations from a Research-Practice Collaboration Project ». Dans Moral Motives & STEM-Informed Action / Motivos morales y acción basada en STEM. Knology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55160/kvya9672.

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Maeda, Risa, Dražen Brščić et Takayuki Kanda. « Influencing Moral Behavior Through Mere Observation of Robot Work ». Dans HRI '21 : ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434073.3444680.

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Woods, Peter M., C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming et V. M. Kaspi. « Observations of Magnetars ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900149.

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Kildea, J., C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming et V. M. Kaspi. « VERITAS Observations of Pulsars ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900312.

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Esposito, P., A. Tiengo, S. Zane, R. Turolla, S. Mereghetti, D. Götz, G. L. Israel et al. « The first Suzaku observation of SGR 1806–20 ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900165.

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Kramer, Michael, C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming et V. M. Kaspi. « Observations of Pulsed Emission from Pulsars ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900120.

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Mignani, R. P., S. Zaggia, D. Dobrzycka, G. Beccari, A. de Luca, S. Mereghetti, P. A. Caraveo et al. « VLT observations of Compact Central Objects ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900175.

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Amokrane, Fawzia, Emmanuel Piat, Joel Abadie, Adrien Drouot et Juan Escareno. « Generic Linear ESO for the State Observation of Unknown Nonlinear SISO Systems ». Dans 2019 International Conference on Mechatronics, Robotics and Systems Engineering (MoRSE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/morse48060.2019.8998678.

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Yakovlev, D. G., O. Y. Gnedin, A. D. Kaminker, A. Y. Potekhin, C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming et V. M. Kaspi. « Theory of cooling neutron stars versus observations ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900259.

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Słowikowska, Agnieszka, Bronisław Rudak, Gottfried Kanbach, C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming et V. M. Kaspi. « High energy polarization of pulsars—observations vs. models ». Dans 40 YEARS OF PULSARS : Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900128.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Observation morale"

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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson et Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.

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Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
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Ali, Usman, Mamoru Kikumoto, Matteo Ciantia et Ying Cui. Direct observation of particle kinematics in biaxial shearing test. University of Dundee, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001233.

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Biaxial shearing tests on dual-sized, 2d particle assemblies are conducted at several confining pressures. The effect of particle angularity, an important mesoscale shape descriptor, is investigated at the macro and micro levels. Macroscopically, it is observed that assemblies composed of angular particles exhibit higher strengths and dilations. The difference observed in bulk behavior due to particle angularity can be explained reasonably by considering particle-level mechanisms. A novel 2D image analysis technique is employed to estimate particle kinematics. Particle rotation results to be a key mechanism strongly influenced by particle shape determining the overall granular behavior. Unlike circular particles, angular ones are more resistant to rotations due to stronger interlocking and consequently exhibit higher strengths.
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Iselin, Columbus O'Donnell. Summary of bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic : October 1940 - December 1941. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29563.

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The range of submarine detection is frequently limited by the refraction produced by vertical temperature gradients in the superficial layers of the ocean. In order to measure these temperature gradients and thus to permit predictions of the range, the bathythermograph was developed and is now being used on a considerable number of anti-submarine vessels, while a somewhat modified version of the instrument is being tried out on submarines. Some 6675 bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic have been examined in order to determine how frequently such observations should be made so that within practical limits and anti-submarine vessel may at all times know the assured range of its sound gear. The occurrence of the four basic types of refraction patterns is shown by a series of six charts. For all but one of these patterns the range can be rather quickly and easily estimated from simple tables; but when the so-called afternoon effect is encountered, which is on the average about 20% of the time, a more complete analysis is necessary. It is found that under the most unfavorable circumstances, that is, in mid-summer and near the edges of a strong current system, there is about one chance in three that the refraction pattern will chance significantly in a distance of four miles. At other times of year and in areas where horizontal variations in temperature are less pronounced a single bathythermograph observation can be considered representative of a much larger area. It is also shown that in the western North Atlantic about 92% of the time in summer and about 34% of the time in winter the assured range of submarine detection is limited by refraction to less than 2500 yards.
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Eylander, John, Michael Lewis, Maria Stevens, John Green et Joshua Fairley. An investigation of the feasibility of assimilating COSMOS soil moisture into GeoWATCH. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41966.

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This project objective evaluated the potential of improving linked weather-and-mobility model predictions by blending soil moisture observations from a Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) sensor with weather-informed predictions of soil moisture and soil strength from the Geospatial Weather-Affected Terrain Conditions and Hazards (GeoWATCH). Assimilating vehicle-borne COSMOS observations that measure local effects model predictions of soil moisture offered potential to produce more accurate soil strength and vehicle mobility forecast was the hypothesis. This project compared soil moisture observations from a COSMOS mobile sensor driven around an area near Iowa Falls, IA, with both GeoWATCH soil moisture predictions and in situ probe observations. The evaluation of the COSMOS rover data finds that the soil moisture measurements contain a low measurement bias while the GeoWATCH estimates more closely matched the in situ data. The COSMOS rover captured a larger dynamic range of soil moisture conditions as compared to GeoWATCH, capturing both very wet and very dry soil conditions, which may better flag areas of high risk for mobility considerations. Overall, more study of the COSMOS rover is needed to better understand sensor performance in a variety of soil conditions to determine the feasibility of assimilating the COSMOS rover estimates into GeoWATCH.
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Gutman, Roee, Anthony Scotina, Robert Smith, David Dore et Andrew Zullo. Creating and Testing Methods to Estimate Treatment Effect in Observational Studies with Three or More Treatments. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/05.2020.me.140312104.

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Mathew, Jijo K., Deborah Horton et Darcy M. Bullock. Utilization of Dedicated Electric Vehicle Plug-In Charging Stations in a College Campus Environment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317436.

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As electric mobility is expanding at a rapid pace, the standardized availability of gas stations compared to a scarcity of charging stations continues to be the greatest challenge for electric vehicles. With cities, university campuses and businesses promoting electric vehicle infrastructure and incentives, it is necessary to develop key performance metrics and visualizations that can track the utilization of the charging infrastructure. This study performs a manual data collection at dedicated plug-in charging stations across Purdue University to assess their utilization. Approximately 2,800 observations were conducted over 50 days across seven level 2 plug-in charging stations. Results showed that for large portion of the observations, vehicles were parked at the spots (40%) but not plugged in. Vehicles plugged in to charging stations accounted for 34% of observations. Charging station spots were vacant for 25% of observations indicating that current infrastructure meets the demand. There were 74 unique vehicles that used the spots, of which 27% were plugged in more than 10 times. Illegally parked vehicles accounted for less than 1% with only 4 repeat offenders who used these spots more than once. As electric deployment continues to increase, performance metrics will be an integral tool for agencies and decision makers to help with the maintenance and expansion of electric vehicle infrastructure.
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Deschamps, Robert et Henschel. PR-420-133721-R01 Comparison of Radar Satellite Methods for Observation of Stability. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), juillet 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010840.

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This report discusses the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites for monitoring above ground pipelines and buried pipeline Rights-Of-Way (ROWs) using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques. The main thrust of the research was to evaluate the suitability of above-ground pipeline support members as InSAR measurement points, and to adapt existing techniques to allow for precise monitoring of jacking and subsidence caused by permafrost degradation and dynamics. The study site at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska includes more than 60,000 horizontal pipeline supports. The known locations of supports were used to identify and isolate supports in the radar imagery, and the phase and intensity of supports were analyzed to determine their ability to provide reliable estimates of deformation. An additional component of this research was the comparison of two satellites operating at different frequencies, RADARSAT-2 operating at C-band and TerraSAR-X operating at X-band. One year of data was acquired with both sensors in similar acquisition geometries and resolutions, at 24-day intervals for RADARSAT-2 and 11-day intervals for TerraSAR-X. Recommendations are made on the choice of wavelength and concerning future work in this area. A list of technical requirements is also provided. The technologies for obtaining ground deformation estimates from natural targets, coherent targets and homogeneous and distributed targets are explained and supported by three operational case-studies in different environments. The work should provide above-ground pipeline operators working in permafrost areas with a clear view of the current state of research towards the operationalization of InSAR monitoring, but also of current operational capabilities in other pipeline applications, including ROW geohazard monitoring and monitoring of buried pipelines crossing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) fields.
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Conlin, Matthew, Nicholas Cohn et Peter Adams. Total water level controls on the trajectory of dune toe retreat. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47921.

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This study examines the trajectory (slope) of coastal foredune toe retreat in response to nine storm events that impacted the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA. High resolution, three-dimensional, repeat mobile terrestrial lidar observations over a four kilometer stretch of coast were used to assess spatiotemporal beach and dune evolution at the storm timescale. Consistent with existing field observations from other sandy coastlines, an upward toe retreat was observed for most instances of dune retreat in the Outer Banks. However, these new topographic data indicate that the retreat can proceed steeply downward when the maximum total water level (TWL) defined by the 2% runup exceedance level is not high enough, for long enough, to erode the dune face. Non-linear relationships were found between the dune toe retreat trajectory as well as both the magnitude and duration of TWL above the dune toe, where instances of upward- and downward-directed retreat are best differentiated using the 7% runup exceedance level, rather than the commonly used 2% level. This physically justified non-linear relationship is shown to be consistent with observations from other studies, and could be a more effective parameterization for the retreat trajectory than those currently implemented in wave-impact dune erosion models.
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Komppula, Birgitta, Tomi Karppinen, Henrik Virta, Anu-Maija Sundström, Iolanda Ialongo, Kaisa Korpi, Pia Anttila, Jatta Salmi, Johanna Tamminen et Katja Lovén. Air quality in Finland according to air quality measurements and satellite observations. Finnish Meteorological Institute, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361409.

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In this report the current air quality in Finland has been assessed with air quality measurement data and satellite observations. The assessment of ambient air concentrations included following air impurities: NO2, NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2, CO, O3, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, Pb, As, Cd ja Ni. For these pollutants air quality assessment thresholds are given in air quality legislation (2008/50/EY, 2004/107/EY). Assessment has been performed for air quality zones. The main data set included air quality measurements performed in Finland during 2015–2019. Satellite observations were used as an objective assessment tool in analysis of the spatial variation of NO2 and CO concentrations. Air quality measurements show that air quality has improved in Finland in many respects. Especially the need to monitor NO2 and PM10 with continuous measurements has decreased. Growing understanding of national benzo(a)pyrene concentrations has increased the monitoring needs. Efforts to decrease ozone levels still requires international actions. SO2, CO, benzene and heavy metal concentrations are on a low level in Finland outside industrial areas and other assessment methods than continuous monitoring can be used, and the number of continuous monitoring sites has already decreased. Satellite-based concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as their spatial variation in Finland were analyzed using observations from the TROPOsperic Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The analysis of CO over Finland was carried out for the first time in this project. Results show that overall annual CO concentrations over Finland are low and spatial variability is small. Also, NO2 concentrations over Finland are rather low, but spatial patterns are more clearly visible. The highest NO2 concentrations are observed over the largest cities. By establishing a relationship between ground-based and satellite total column concentrations, surface concentrations of NO2 and CO were estimated from the satellite data for the zones. The satellite-based estimate for annual NO2 surface concentration over Helsinki metropolitan area is 28 μg/m3, and for the rest of Finland mostly between 10–15 μg/m3. For CO the differences between monitoring areas are small, with estimates varying between 160–164 μg/m3 or in other words about 0,16 mg/m3.
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López-Luzuriaga, Andrea, et Carlos Scartascini. Willing but Unable to Pay ? : The Role of Gender in Tax Compliance. Inter-American Development Bank, juillet 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005031.

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The existing literature shows that women are more likely to pay taxes than men. Yet, there is less consensus on the gendered responses to interventions aimed at boosting tax compliance among non-payers. In this study, we exploit a field experiment designed to increase property tax compliance to investigate this gender disparity. Our findings reaffirm that women are typically more diligent in paying their taxes than men. Interestingly, while the receipt of a deterrence letter prompts women to pay earlier, it does not necessarily augment their overall compliance. Conversely, men, upon receiving a deterrence letter, show a marked improvement in overall compliance. We also find that the size of the tax bill influences women's compliance behavior (the likelihood of paying'increases substantially for small bills), but not men's. To unpack this intriguing finding, we examine survey data to uncover the differing motivations and resources between genders. This analysis suggests that, although women may be more motivated to pay, they might encounter significant liquidity constraints. Our observations are consistent with a simple analytical model that correlates compliance to tax morale, risk aversion, and budget constraints. This research underscores the potential for tax policies and enforcement procedures to exacerbate income inequality between genders, especially in low tax-enforcement contexts where tax evasion is substantial.
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