Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Objectification, EEG »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Objectification, EEG"
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Angulo-Sherman, Irma N., Annel Saavedra-Hernández, Natalia E. Urbina-Arias, Zahamara Hernández-Granados et Mario Sainz. « Preliminary Evidence of EEG Connectivity Changes during Self-Objectification of Workers ». Sensors 22, no 20 (17 octobre 2022) : 7906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207906.
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Economic objectification is a form of dehumanization in which workers are treated as tools for enhancing productivity. It can lead to self-objectification in the workplace, which is when people perceive themselves as instruments for work. This can cause burnout, emotional drain, and a modification of self-perception that involves a loss of human attributes such as emotions and reasoning while focusing on others’ perspectives for evaluating the self. Research on workers self-objectification has mainly analyzed the consequences of this process without exploring the brain activity that underlies the individual’s experiences of self-objectification. Thus, this project explores the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes that occur in participants during an economic objectifying task that resembled a job in an online store. After the task, a self-objectification questionnaire was applied and its resulting index was used to label the participants as self-objectified or non-self-objectified. The changes over time in EEG event-related synchronization (ERS) and partial directed coherence (PDC) were calculated and compared between the self-objectification groups. The results show that the main differences between the groups in ERS and PDC occurred in the beta and gamma frequencies, but only the PDC results correlated with the self-objectification group. These results provide information for further understanding workers’ self-objectification. These EEG changes could indicate that economic self-objectification is associated with changes in vigilance, boredom, and mind-wandering.
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Polyakov, Y. I., E. A. Korsakova, S. K. Khorshev et V. B. Slezin. « Methods of fractal and cross-correlation analysis of EEG as a means of objectification of preclinical epileptogenesis and evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic pharmacotherapy of epilepsy ». International Journal of Psychophysiology 69, no 3 (septembre 2008) : 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.200.
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Chebotariova, L. L., G. K. Chervich et L. N. Suliy. « Clinical and neurophysiological assessment of cognitive functions during the treatment of patients with chronic brain ischemia ». East European Journal of Neurology, no 6(6) (20 décembre 2015) : 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2015.6(6).38-44.
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Purpose. To develop the optimal combination of methods of neuropsychological and neurophysiological diagnosis for objectification of cognitive function in patients with chronic brain ischemia, the reasoning of differentiated selection of criterias for complex treatment that includes medication and non-pharmacological methods for patient’s recovery and professional adaptations. Materials and methods. 30 patients were examined. To all of them was conducted clinical and neurological examination, MRI, neuropsychological testing using a scale (HADS, MoCA, professional maladjustment, MBІ), ultrasound of head and neck vessels, electroencephalography (EEG) with mapping, registration of cognitive auditory evoked potentials (CEP) P300. Results. The most pronounced changes were registered in units of optical-spatial perception (30%), math skills (23%), short-term memory (30%), (p <0,05). In 70% of cases- registered professional maladjustment symptoms (p <0,05). Patients of the I-st group with hypertensive changes at the main arteries of the head and neck (according to ultrasound) marked a significant change in the parameters of the CEP: 85% decrease in an amplitude and increase in latency of P300 peak, reduction of the amplitude of the peak N2; in 66% of cases was reduced only peak amplitude N2. Was determined the relationship between the results of the neuropsychological and neurophysiological methods and cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Conclusion. There was developed a complex method of comprehensive neurophysiological (NP) and neuropsychological (NP) testing of the cognitive functions tha provides an objective evaluation of pathological changes in mnestical/intellectual capabilities of the patient, such as attention, memory, professional adaptation in patients with chronic brain ischemia.
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Giles, S., J. Rabinowicz, C. Raux, M. Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et I. Krug. « An examination of the direct and indirect effect of self-objectification and disordered eating ». European Psychiatry 64, S1 (avril 2021) : S705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1868.
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IntroductionObjectification theory argues that self-objectification confers risk for disordered eating (DE) both directly, and indirectly through a cascade of negative psychological consequences (e.g. low mood and self-conscious body monitoring). Robust cross-sectional evidence supports these relationships. However, these cross-sectional studies do not provide evidence for the complex intraindividual psychological processes outlined in objectification theory which purportedly contribute to DE.ObjectivesUsing an ecological momentary assessment design, the current study investigated the direct within-person effect between state self-objectification and DE and examined the indirect within-person effect of negative mood and body comparisons, on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE.MethodsTwo-hundred female participants (M=20.43 years, SD=4.60) downloaded a smartphone app which assessed momentary experiences of self-objectification, mood, body comparisons, and DE six times per day at random intervals for seven days.ResultsIndicated that self-objectification significantly predicted DE behaviours [95% CI 0.01, 0.03] and body comparisons [95% CI 0.32, 0.41]. However, the indirect effect of body comparisons on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE was not significant [95% CI -0.01, 0.00]. In the second mediation model, self-objectification significantly predicted DE behaviours [95% CI 0.01, 0.03], but did not significantly predict mood [95% CI -0.06, 0.03]. Similarly, the indirect effect of mood on the relationship between state self-objectification and DE was not significant [95% CI -0.00, 0.00].ConclusionsThese results enhance our understanding of objectification theory and suggest that self-objectification confers risk to DE directly. However, our findings do not support the indirect effect of self-objectification on DE through low mood or body comparisons.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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van der Wal, Jenneke. « Information structure, (inter)subjectivity and objectification ». Journal of Linguistics 51, no 2 (17 décembre 2014) : 425–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226714000541.
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This paper discusses how information structure can be seen as a subjective and intersubjective concept in Verhagen's (2005) and Breban's (2010) definitions, though less so in Traugott's (2010) use of the terms. More difficult is the question of whethermarkersof information structure can be characterised as (inter)subjective; this is more easily determined for morphological markers than for prosody or word order. For unambiguous markers of information structure, I suggest that their emergence (e.g. copula > focus marker) is typically accompanied by (inter)subjectification, whereas their further development (e.g. topic marker > subject marker) displays objectification. The paper not only shows that grammatical items can undergo an increase as well as a decrease in (inter)subjectivity – thus denying strict unidirectionality – but also confirms that these processes are independent of grammaticalisation.
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Mallory, Chaone. « Acts of Objectification and the Repudiation of Dominance : Leopold, Ecofeminism, and the Ecological Narrative ». Ethics & ; the Environment 6, no 2 (2001) : 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/een.2001.0016.
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Kashirsky, Dmitry V., et O. V. Myasnikova. « Phenomenon of Self-Objectification in Women : Analysis of foreign Studies and a View through the Prism of Russian Psychology ». National Psychological Journal 40, no 4 (2020) : 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2020.0405.
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Background. At present, self-objectification of females is a very common phenomenon, reflecting the desire of women to meet the standards accepted in the society and manifested in excessive (even pathological) care of achieving the “ideal” appearance. This phenomenon was under study in various foreign psychological concepts and approaches, and especially in the theory of B. Fredrickson and T.E. Roberts. However, despite similar research in Russian psychology, the phenomenon has not been disclosed within Russian psychological methodology. In this regard, it is very important to analyze foreign publications for the subsequent development of an integrative approach to the study of self-objectification in females in the context of Russian psychology. Looking into this phenomenon from the standpoint of Russian psychological methodology would be useful for developing methods of assessment, intervention, and psychotherapeutic assistance for Russian girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to negative self-objectification. The Objective is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of women’s self-objectification in line with the national cultural-historical and activity methodology. Design. The paper provides a review of the publications on self-objectification in females which is analytical in its nature. In the paper, the basic approaches to the study of the phenomenon of self-objectification in females in foreign psychology are determined, and also the ways to understand the phenomenon in the context of the Russian psychological tradition proposed in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein developed by their students and the followers are shown. Results. The phenomenon of self-objectification in females is considered within the context of fundamental issues of psychology — the relationship of ‘outer’ and ‘inner’ contents, and particularly, within the framework of the subject-activity approach of S.L. Rubinstein and the activity theory of A.N. Leontiev. The role of the “social situation of the development” (L.S. Vygotsky) in the development self-objectification in females is shown. The mechanism of interiorization as a female’s adoption of the social ideas and attitudes is described. The process of interiorization is considered through three facets: individualization, intimization, and production of consciousness. The phenomenon of self-objectification was interpreted through the lenses of L.S. Vygotsky ideas about the intertwining of two domains of mental development in ontogenesis, i.e. the biological maturation of a person and the processes of mastering culture, and also within the notions of cultural-historical defectology. Conclusion. The research results contribute to expanding the scientific theoretical views of psychologists working within the national methodology to shape the phenomenon of self-objectification in females, which could facilitate further understanding of this theoretical construct and increase the number of empirical works in the research area. Female self-objectification through the prism of the Russian research methodology will contribute to the methodological status of this issue, enriching the idea of female self-objectification primarily at the philosophical (worldview) level and at the general scientific level of methodology (E.G. Yudin). All these will increase the interpretative capabilities of the concept. The materials of the paper can contribute to developing an integrative approach for understanding female self-objectification. The findings can be sufficient for creating methods of psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy for girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to the negative impact of self-objectification.
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De Wilde, Matthias, Annalisa Casini, Philippe Bernard, Robin Wollast, Olivier Klein et Stéphanie Demoulin. « Two Preregistered Direct Replications of “Objects Don’t Object : Evidence That Self-Objectification Disrupts Women’s Social Activism” ». Psychological Science 31, no 2 (21 janvier 2020) : 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619896273.
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Self-objectification has been claimed to induce numerous detrimental consequences for women at the individual level (e.g., sexual dysfunction, depression, eating disorders). Additionally, at the collective level, it has been proposed that self-objectified women might themselves contribute to the maintenance of the patriarchal status quo, for instance, by participating less in collective action. In 2013, Calogero found a negative link between self-objectification and collective action, which was mediated by the adoption of gender-specific system justification. Here, we report two preregistered direct replications (PDRs) of Calogero’s original study. We conducted these PDRs after three failures to replicate the positive relation between self-objectification and gender-specific system-justification belief in correlational studies. Results of the two PDRs, in which we used a Bayesian approach, supported the null hypothesis. This work has important theoretical implications because it challenges the role attributed to self-objectified women in the maintenance of patriarchy.
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Mitchell, Fallon R., Sarah J. Woodruff, Paula M. van Wyk et Sara Santarossa. « #Childathlete ». International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities 11, no 1 (janvier 2019) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsmoc.2019010101.
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The present study aimed to examine the tone and focus of the conversation associated with #childathlete on Instagram. Additionally, the visual content of five child athlete Instagram accounts were analyzed to determine if fitspiration (e.g., exercise, healthy eating, inspiration, showcase strength, and empowerment) or objectification (e.g., emphasis of specific body parts, suggestive posing, or emphasis on appearance) were promoted. Using Netlytic, a text analysis was conducted to analyze the conversation surrounding #childathlete and the top five child athlete accounts (based on likes) that were managed by parents were selected for visual content analysis. The text analysis revealed that the conversation was positive in tone and focused on sport/exercise. Analysis of the visual content indicated that the child athlete accounts focused athleticism, activity, and fitness, with little presence of objectification. Future research should further explore social media as a strategy for promoting and improving physical activity among users.
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Szymanski, Dawn M., Renee Mikorski et Trevor L. Dunn. « Predictors of sexual minority men’s sexual objectification of other men ». Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no 11-12 (26 février 2019) : 3631–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519832669.
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Given the link between sexual objectification experiences and negative psychological and mental health outcomes for sexual minority men, it is important to explore which men are more likely to enact sexually objectifying behavior. We examined predictors of sexual minority men’s sexual objectification of other men (e.g., engaging in body evaluations, making unwanted sexual advances), including focusing on appearance, involvement in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) community, pornography use, and men’s gender role conflict among 450 gay and bisexual men. Our findings revealed that importance placed on appearance, involvement in the LGBTQ community, and pornography use and less restrictive affectionate behavior between men were uniquely related to sexually objectifying other men. In addition, older men were more likely than younger men to sexually objectify other men, and gay men were more likely than bisexual men to sexually objectify other men.
Thèses sur le sujet "Objectification, EEG"
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Ruzzante, Daniela. « (De-)mentalization and objectification processes towards minority groups : When the human-object divide fades ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/328504.
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While cutting-edge research has shown how – from a neural and cognitive point of view – human beings are perceived and elaborated differently from objects, in social psychology different studies demonstrated that this human-object divide fades in several circumstances. Research in social psychology is continuing to advance the knowledge on dehumanization and objectification phenomenon in which human beings are perceived and elaborated more similar to an object and less like a human being. Recently, this has been demonstrated quite literally directly comparing human stimuli with a mind and perceptually similar mindless objects (Vaes et al., 2019, 2020). Such direct comparisons allow us to demonstrate how the well-documented human-object divide tends to fade during dehumanization and objectification phenomena. Presenting five research studies, this thesis aims not only at proving how de-mentalized human stimuli are cognitively perceived as object-like (Chapter 2 and 3), but also at showing how these phenomena are influencing more subtle, un-controlled behaviour processes that impact human social interactions (Chapter 4). Specifically, in Chapter 2, two similar EEG studies aimed at exploring the timeline of the mentalization process by adapting a paradigm in which the human-object divide is investigated. By manipulating both perceptual and contextual information, ingroup and outgroup human faces together with their identity-matched doll-like avatar faces were presented while registering participants’ neural correlates. Thanks to the direct comparison between mindless and mindful targets our goal was to unravel the time course of mentalization and its underlying processes. By adapting the same paradigm, in Chapter 3 we explored the process of sexual objectification and presented sexually objectified men and women with their gender-matched doll-like avatars. Our primary goal was to investigate how objectified men and women are perceptually and cognitive perceived by looking at a sample of gay men. By directly comparing mindless and mindful targets we wanted to understand whether sexual objectification might be target (i.e., always mainly directed towards women regardless of the perceivers sexual orientation) or agent specific (i.e., directed towards different targets depending on the perceivers sexual orientation). Moreover, we also wanted to explore what might drive heterosexual men and women and gay men to objectify others. Finally, the purpose of Chapter 4 was to investigate an implicit and unconscious consequence of sexual objectification. By presenting objectified and non-objectified women expressing happiness and anger we measured participants’ spontaneous mimicry responses. Our goal was to determine whether sexual objectification – a phenomenon in which women are considered as object-like – might influence such an uncontrolled and implicit human behaviour that affects normal social interactions.
Livres sur le sujet "Objectification, EEG"
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Stewart, Abigail J., et Alyssa N. Zucker. “Who is Tossing Whom into the Current” ? : A Social Justice Perspective on Gender and Well-Being. Sous la direction de Phillip L. Hammack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199938735.013.19.
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Psychologists tend to focus on individual difference factors when examining why some people flourish and others suffer from physical or psychological health problems. This chapter argues that women’s well-being is profoundly influenced by social structures (policies, laws, cultural practices) that infringe on their human rights. These structures create damaging social conditions, encompassing several forms of discrimination (such as workplace harassment and incivilities, and sexual and self-objectification) that may occur in overt or subtle ways. Such discrimination limits women’s abilities to achieve well-being and positive enjoyment of life (life satisfaction and “eudaemonic well-being”). Women’s gendered experiences of discrimination are shaped by the other social identities they hold (e.g., race, class, sexual orientation), further complicating the discrimination-health relationship. Framing such gendered discrimination as a violation of women’s human rights will help psychologists and policy makers argue that discrimination is a social justice issue and identify practices that eliminate mistreatment at its roots.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Objectification, EEG"
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Tylka, Tracy L., et Rachel M. Calogero. « Promoting a Resistant Stance Toward Objectification ». Dans Handbook of Positive Body Image and Embodiment, sous la direction de Tracy L. Tylka et Niva Piran, 149–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0015.
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Objectification, or the fragmentation of others or oneself into body parts or sexual functions for scrutiny or gratification, is a destructive force that usurps positive embodiment. Yet, many people defend objectification. This chapter presents a two-prong approach to promote a resistant stance toward objectification, with examples. First, at a cultural level, objectification needs to be delegitimized by defusing or redirecting the threat (threat is sexual objectification), framing sexual objectification as already happening and offering ways to challenge it (e.g., #MeToo), helping people and businesses perceive that their outcomes are not dependent on objectification being sustained, and encouraging people to feel that they do not need to rely on objectification to feel personal control. Second, at an individual level, self-objectification (gazing at the self as an objectifier would) needs to be prevented by helping girls and women develop a schema to contextualize (rather than internalize) objectification and cultivate an embodied identity.
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Calogero, Rachel M., Tracy L. Tylka et Jaclyn A. Siegel. « Personal Safety as Bedrock and Safeguard for Positive Embodiment ». Dans Handbook of Positive Body Image and Embodiment, sous la direction de Tracy L. Tylka et Niva Piran, 139–48. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0014.
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Personal safety is a pillar of positive embodiment. Yet, women’s personal safety is continuously threatened within environments that promote or excuse the sexual objectification of women via prompting vigilant policing of women’s safety, which fragments their consciousness, restricts their movement, and limits their freedom. This chapter begins by discussing the safety threats of sexual objectification, whereby the omnipresent threat and perpetration of violence against women by men keep them in a state of fear and alert to their more vulnerable status. Next, the chapter considers how the disruptive, and terrorizing, nature of sexual objectification limits women’s positive embodiment (e.g., restricts voluntary movement, adds to psychological distress, creates a hyperawareness and anxiety about safety), and presents research that uphold these links. The chapter ends with considering ways of claiming space in the world and the imperative for cultivating women’s safety through social activism and embodied social change.
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Mitchell, Fallon R., Sarah J. Woodruff, Paula M. van Wyk et Sara Santarossa. « #Childathlete ». Dans Research Anthology on Usage, Identity, and Impact of Social Media on Society and Culture, 1154–69. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6307-9.ch061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study aimed to examine the tone and focus of the conversation associated with #childathlete on Instagram. Additionally, the visual content of five child athlete Instagram accounts were analyzed to determine if fitspiration (e.g., exercise, healthy eating, inspiration, showcase strength, and empowerment) or objectification (e.g., emphasis of specific body parts, suggestive posing, or emphasis on appearance) were promoted. Using Netlytic, a text analysis was conducted to analyze the conversation surrounding #childathlete and the top five child athlete accounts (based on likes) that were managed by parents were selected for visual content analysis. The text analysis revealed that the conversation was positive in tone and focused on sport/exercise. Analysis of the visual content indicated that the child athlete accounts focused athleticism, activity, and fitness, with little presence of objectification. Future research should further explore social media as a strategy for promoting and improving physical activity among users.
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Almeling, Rene. « Paid to Donate ». Dans Money Talks. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691168685.003.0011.
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This chapter deals with the controversial market of eggs and sperm. It examines how egg and sperm donors respond to variation in the organizational framing of paid donation—as either gift or job—and finds that it does have consequences for how individuals experience bodily commodification. Despite the fact that egg and sperm donors are alike in being motivated by the compensation, and they spend the money on similar things, they end up adopting gendered conceptualizations of what it is they are being paid to do. Women speak with pride about the huge gift they have given, while men consider donation to be a job, and some sperm donors even reference feelings of alienation and objectification.
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Geller, Jay. « Afterword “It’s clear as the light of day” ». Dans Bestiarium Judaicum. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823275595.003.0010.
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This afterword opens with an analysis of two of Gertrud Kolmar’s poems, one prior to the Nazi seizure of power and one prior to Kristallnacht, in which the Jewish and the Animal Questions intersect. It then turns to Gombiner’s lament that the human treatment of animals “is an eternal Treblinka” in I. B. Singer’s “The Letter Writer” (1968) and how it had been preceded by its converse in the experiences of the intended victims of the Holocaust and in memoirs, poems, and autobiographical novels of survivors (e.g., Primo Levi and Uri Zvi Greenberg). The Bestiarium Judaicum and its uses provided them with a language for understanding the dehumanization, the transformation into the suffering, killable Jew-Animal, to which they, “like sheep to the slaughter,” were being subjected. The relationship between dehumanization and objectification is parsed through an examination of Jiri Weil’s depiction of Prague’s deportation site as a “circus.”