Articles de revues : « Object characterization »

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Grekov, R., et A. Borisov. « CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FEATURES AGGREGATE IN FUZZY PATTERN RECOGNITION TASK ». Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (27 juin 1997) : 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr1997vol1.1858.

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Let a set of objects exist each of which is described by N features X1? ..., XN, where each feature X} is a real number. So each object is set by N-dimensional vector (Xl5 ..., XN) and represents a point in the space of object descriptions, RN.There are also set objects for which degrees of membership in either class are unknown. A decision rule should be determined that could enable estimation of the membership of either object with unknown degrees of membership in the given classes (Ozols and Borisov, 1996). To determine the decision rule, such features should be found which give a possibility to distinguish objects belonging to different classes, i.e. features that are specific for each class. That is why a subtask of estimation of the efficiency of features should be solved. A function 5 should be determined which could enable estimation of the efficiency of both separate features and of features groups.Thus, the task is reduced to the determination of a number of features from set N that will best describe groups of objects and will enable possibly correct recognition of the object's membership in a class.

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Peli, T. « Multiscale fractal theory and object characterization ». Journal of the Optical Society of America A 7, n^o 6 (1 juin 1990) : 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.7.001101.

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Aijazi, A. K., L. Malaterre, L. Trassoudaine et P. Checchin. « SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D SOLID STATE LIDAR SENSORS FOR AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLES ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (6 août 2020) : 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-199-2020.

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Abstract. 3D LiDAR sensors play an important part in several autonomous navigation and perception systems with the technology evolving rapidly over time. This work presents the preliminary evaluation results of a 3D solid state LiDAR sensor. Different aspects of this new type of sensor are studied and their data are characterized for their effective utilization for object detection for the application of Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV). The paper provides a set of evaluations to analyze the characterizations and performances of such LiDAR sensors. After characterization of the sensor, the performance is also evaluated in real environment with the sensors mounted on top of a vehicle and used to detect and classify different objects using a state-of-the-art Super-Voxel based method. The 3D point cloud obtained from the sensor is classified into three main object classes “Building”, “Ground” and “Obstacles”. The results evaluated on real data, clearly demonstrate the applicability and suitability of the sensor for such type of applications.

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MALGOUYRES, RÉMY, et GILLES BERTRAND. « COMPLETE LOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STRONG 26-SURFACES : CONTINUOUS ANALOGS FOR STRONG 26-SURFACES ». International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 13, n^o 04 (juin 1999) : 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001499000288.

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In Ref. 6, two similar characterizations of discrete surfaces of ℤ3 are proposed which are called strong 18-surfaces and strong 26-surfaces. The proposed characterizations consist in some natural global properties of surfaces. In this paper, we first give local necessary conditions for an object to be a strong 26-surface. An object satisfying these local properties is called a near strong 26-surface. Then we construct continuous analogs for near strong 26-surfaces and, using the continuous Jordan Theorem, we prove that the necessary local conditions previously introduced in fact give a complete local characterization of strong 26-surfaces: the class of near strong 26-surfaces coincides with the class of strong 26-surfaces.

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Hofmann, Martin, et Benjamin Pierce. « A unifying type-theoretic framework for objects ». Journal of Functional Programming 5, n^o 4 (octobre 1995) : 593–635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800001490.

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AbstractWe give a direct type-theoretic characterization of the basic mechanisms of object-oriented programming, including objects, methods, message passing, and subtyping, by introducing an explicit constructor for object types and suitable introduction, elimination, and equality rules. The resulting abstract framework provides a basis for justifying and comparing previous encodings of objects based on recursive record types (Cardelli, 1984; Cardelli, 1992; Bruce, 1994; Cook et al., 1990; Mitchell, 1990a) and encodings based on existential types (Pierce & Turner, 1994).

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Rind, F. C. « Intracellular characterization of neurons in the locust brain signaling impending collision ». Journal of Neurophysiology 75, n^o 3 (1 mars 1996) : 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.986.

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1. In response to a rapidly approaching object, intracellular recordings show that excitation in the locust lobula giant movement detecting (LGMD) neuron builds up exponentially, particularly during the final stages of object approach. After the cessation of object motion, inhibitory potentials in the LGMD then help to terminate this excitation. Excitation in the LGMD follows object recession with a short, constant latency but is cut back rapidly by hyperpolarizing potentials. The timing of these hyperpolarizing potentials in the LGMD is variable, and their latency following object recession is shortest with the highest velocities of motion simulated. The hyperpolarizing potentials last from 50-300 ms and are often followed by re-excitation. The observed hyperpolarizations of the LGMD can occur without any preceding excitation and are accompanied by a measurable conductance increase. The hyperpolarizations are likely to be inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). The behavior of the intracellularly recorded inhibitory PSPs (IPSPs) closely parallels that of the feed forward inhibitory loop in the neural network described by Rind and Bramwell. 2. The preference of the LGMD for approaching versus receding objects remains over a wide range of starting and finishing distances. The response to object approach, measured both as membrane potential and spike rate, remains single peaked with starting distances of between 200 and 2,100 mm, and approach speeds of 0.5-2 m/s. These results confirm the behavior predicted by the neural network described by Rind and Bramwell but contradicts the findings of Rind and Simmons, forcing a re-evaluation of the suitability of some of the mechanical visual stimuli used in that study. 3. For depolarization of the LGMD neuron to be maintained or increased throughout the motion of image edges, the edges must move with increasing velocity over the eye. Membrane potential declines before the end of edge motion with constant velocities of edge motion. 4. A second identified neuron, the LGMD2 also is shown to respond directionally to approaching objects. In both the LGMD and LGMD2 neurons, postsynaptic inhibition shapes the directional response to object motion.

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Salman, Rahmi, Thorsten Schultze et Ingolf Willms. « Performance Enhancement of UWB Material Characterization and Object Recognition for Security Robots ». Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2010 (2010) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/314695.

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By means of UWB Radar sensors the tasks of material characterisation and object recognition can be performed on the basis of a previous imaging of the whole environment. A UWB version of the microwave ellipsometry method is applied for estimating the permittivity of homogenous objects. The object recognition task is performed using bistatic sensor nodes on the basis of Radar measurements. The simulation-based performance evaluations show a very robust behavior due to suitable preprocessing of Radar data. The applications comprise the detection of fire sources, the detection of metallic object hidden under clothing, and the recognition of building structures.

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Hitchens, Nathan M., Michael E. Baldwin et Robert J. Trapp. « An Object-Oriented Characterization of Extreme Precipitation-Producing Convective Systems in the Midwestern United States ». Monthly Weather Review 140, n^o 4 (avril 2012) : 1356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00153.1.

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Extreme precipitation was identified in the midwestern United States using an object-oriented approach applied to the NCEP stage-II hourly precipitation dataset. This approach groups contiguous areas that exceed a user-defined threshold into “objects,” which then allows object attributes to be diagnosed. Those objects with precipitation maxima in the 99th percentile (>55 mm) were considered extreme, and there were 3484 such objects identified in the midwestern United States between 1996 and 2010. Precipitation objects ranged in size from hundreds to over 100 000 km2, and the maximum precipitation within each object varied between 55 and 104 mm. The majority of occurrences of extreme precipitation were in the summer (June, July, and August), and peaked in the afternoon into night (1900–0200 UTC) in the diurnal cycle. Consistent with the previous work by the authors, this study shows that the systems that produce extreme precipitation in the midwestern United States vary widely across the convective-storm spectrum.

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Guan, Hongliang, Chengyuan Qian, Tingsong Wu, Xiaoming Hu, Fuzhou Duan et Xinyi Ye. « A Dynamic Scene Vision SLAM Method Incorporating Object Detection and Object Characterization ». Sustainability 15, n^o 4 (8 février 2023) : 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043048.

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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on RGB-D cameras has been widely used for robot localization and navigation in unknown environments. Most current SLAM methods are constrained by static environment assumptions and perform poorly in real-world dynamic scenarios. To improve the robustness and performance of SLAM systems in dynamic environments, this paper proposes a new RGB-D SLAM method for indoor dynamic scenes based on object detection. The method presented in this paper improves on the ORB-SLAM3 framework. First, we designed an object detection module based on YOLO v5 and relied on it to improve the tracking module of ORB-SLAM3 and the localization accuracy of ORB-SLAM3 in dynamic environments. The dense point cloud map building module was also included, which excludes dynamic objects from the environment map to create a static environment point cloud map with high readability and reusability. Full comparison experiments with the original ORB-SLAM3 and two representative semantic SLAM methods on the TUM RGB-D dataset show that: the method in this paper can run at 30+fps, the localization accuracy improved to varying degrees compared to ORB-SLAM3 in all four image sequences, and the absolute trajectory accuracy can be improved by up to 91.10%. The localization accuracy of the method in this paper is comparable to that of DS-SLAM, DynaSLAM and the two recent target detection-based SLAM algorithms, but it runs faster. The RGB-D SLAM method proposed in this paper, which combines the most advanced object detection method and visual SLAM framework, outperforms other methods in terms of localization accuracy and map construction in a dynamic indoor environment and has a certain reference value for navigation, localization, and 3D reconstruction.

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Guo, Xinhua, Yosuke Mizuno et Kentaro Nakamura. « Object Characterization Based on Multispectral Acoustic Imaging ». Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 52, n^o 12R (1 décembre 2013) : 127301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.52.127301.

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Dianetti, Andrew D., Ryan Weisman et John L. Crassidis. « Observability Analysis for Improved Space Object Characterization ». Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 41, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g002229.

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Akhmedzhanov, I. M., D. V. Baranov et E. M. Zolotov. « Object characterization with a differential heterodyne microscope ». Journal of Optics A : Pure and Applied Optics 5, n^o 5 (21 août 2003) : S200—S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/5/5/365.

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Sebesta, Mikael, et Mats Gustafsson. « Object characterization with refractometric digital Fourier holography ». Optics Letters 30, n^o 5 (1 mars 2005) : 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.30.000471.

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Guo, Shifang, Zhen Ya, Pengying Wu et Mingxi Wan. « A review on acoustic vortices : Generation, characterization, applications and perspectives ». Journal of Applied Physics 132, n^o 21 (7 décembre 2022) : 210701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107785.

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Acoustic vortices provide a single-beam approach to manipulate objects with sizes from nanometers to millimeters, gaining increasing interest in recent years. The helical beam renders them good ability to trap particles in three dimensions stably. At the same time, the orbital angular momentum of acoustic vortices can be used to realize object rotation and data transmission. In this review, we summarize the generation and characterization of acoustic vortices. Furthermore, we present the application of acoustic vortices in particle manipulation, object rotation, acoustic communication, and especially in the biomedical field. Finally, perspectives on the future directions for acoustic vortex research are discussed.

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Kula, Muammer, Tuğba Maraşlı et Samed Özkan. « A note on closedness and connectedness in the category of proximity spaces ». Filomat 28, n^o 7 (2014) : 1483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1407483k.

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In this paper, an explicit characterization of the separation properties T0 and T1 at a point p is given in the topological category of proximity spaces. Furthermore, the (strongly) closed and (strongly) open subobjects of an object are characterized in the category of proximity spaces and also the characterization of each of the various notions of the connected objects in this category are given.

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Ashkenazi, Dana, Rafael Y. Lewis, Esther Eshel et Oren Tal. « Metallurgical Characterization of a Copper-Alloy Aramaic-Inscribed Object from Tulûl Mas‘ud (Elyakhin) ». Humans 2, n^o 4 (5 octobre 2022) : 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/humans2040012.

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An Aramaic-inscribed object made of copper-alloy was discovered in 1993 in the south-western part of Tulûl Mas‘ud (Moshav Elyakhin) and has recently been studied using an archaeometallurgical approach. Based on visual testing and multifocal light microscopy observation, the object was probably produced in a nearby workshop, with the inscription engraved using a sharp tool during the production process. Given the larger assemblage of inscribed copper-alloy artefacts from the site, this item appears not only to have been used as a cultic object, but was also most probably made for the purpose of cultic offerings. The XRF analysis results of the Aramaic-inscribed object after it was sanded revealed the core metal to have been made of relatively pure copper with a tin content of less than 1.0 wt. % Sn. The choice to produce the object using a low-tin copper-alloy indicates that the alloy was chosen based on technological considerations, in order to facilitate plasticity in fashioning the part into its cylindrical shape. The manufacturing process involved bending the object while it was hot and shaping it into its final form by means of several cycles of forging and annealing. Although the current research has revealed the bulk composition and the general manufacturing process of the object, the microstructure of the core alloy could not be observed because destructive testing was not permitted. Although only a single copper object was analysed, the current archaeometallurgical study allows to gain further information on metallurgical knowledge and manufacturing processes of copper objects in the Persian period Levant.

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Syahrina, Nadina, Senny Alwasilah, Erik Rusmana et Iwan Dudy Gunawan. « AN ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERIZATION IN WELLS’ THE ISLAND OF Dr. MOREAU ». English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) 4, n^o 2 (3 août 2021) : 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i2.1848.

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This paper was entitled “An Analysis of Characters and Characterization in Wells the Island of Dr. Moreau”. This paper discussed of the secondary characters and their characterizations on novel the island of Dr.Moreau which were Moreau itself and his experiments or beast folks. The background of this research was taken because the novel is science fiction. The characters might be representing of future. The depiction of characters and characterizations was the reason of this paper and the development. The object researches problems were the way of the author explained the characters and characterizations, the characters development, and how plotting line assisted the characters and characterizations were developed. The theories were used in this paper; narratology including characters and characterization, and literary works. The aims of this paper the comprehension on literary works and how to find out the signs. The methodology in this paper is used qualitative method and descriptive methodology to interpret the signs. The result of the object research problems the secondary characters were the flat characters. The character of Moreau was the antagonist on this novel, meanwhile the beast folks were tritagonist. The findings were taken by point of view, dialogue, and so on. For further research of this paper, it might be taken of semiotics to get deeper comprehension of characters on this novel.

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Nalivaiko, Anton Yu, Vitaliy V. Doroshenko, Nguyen Kuang, Dmitriy Yu Ozherelkov, Ivan A. Pelevin et Alexander A. Gromov. « Synthesis of Al–Al2O3–CNF Composite by Cold Spray Method : Powder Preparation and Synthesized Objects Characterization ». Nanomaterials 12, n^o 9 (4 mai 2022) : 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091559.

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This paper is devoted to studying the composite material of the aluminum–alumina–carbon nanofiber (CNF) system. The paper considers in detail the process of preparation of the specified composite by ball milling, as well as the process of synthesis of a solid object (coating) by the cold spray method. The synthesized objects were studied using optical and electron microscopy, and the hardness of objects of various compositions was measured. The processes of interaction of composite particles are discussed in detail. The influence of CNF on the distribution of particles in a solid object and on the hardness of objects has been considered and discussed.

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Hung, Chou P., Gabriel Kreiman, Tomaso Poggio et James J. DiCarlo. « Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex ». Science 310, n^o 5749 (3 novembre 2005) : 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1117593.

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Understanding the brain computations leading to object recognition requires quantitative characterization of the information represented in inferior temporal (IT) cortex. We used a biologically plausible, classifier-based readout technique to investigate the neural coding of selectivity and invariance at the IT population level. The activity of small neuronal populations (∼100 randomly selected cells) over very short time intervals (as small as 12.5 milliseconds) contained unexpectedly accurate and robust information about both object “identity” and “category.” This information generalized over a range of object positions and scales, even for novel objects. Coarse information about position and scale could also be read out from the same population.

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Cagigal, Manuel P. « Object movement characterization from low-light-level images ». Optical Engineering 33, n^o 8 (1 août 1994) : 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.176520.

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Park, Joon, Michael J. Tari et H. Thomas Hahn. « Characterization of the laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process ». Rapid Prototyping Journal 6, n^o 1 (mars 2000) : 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540010309868.

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Budko, N. V., et P. M. van den Berg. « Two-Dimensional Object Characterization With an Effective Model ». Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 12, n^o 2 (janvier 1998) : 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939398x00764.

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Happel, Dieter. « A characterization of hereditary categories with tilting object ». Inventiones Mathematicae 144, n^o 2 (1 mai 2001) : 381–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002220100135.

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Righter, R., et R. Ford. « An object-oriented characterization of spatial ecosystem information ». Mathematical and Computer Modelling 20, n^o 8 (octobre 1994) : 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(94)90228-3.

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Wang, Xia, Haibing Yin, Yu Lu, Shiling Zhao et Yong Chen. « Semantically Adaptive JND Modeling with Object-Wise Feature Characterization, Context Inhibition and Cross-Object Interaction ». Sensors 23, n^o 6 (15 mars 2023) : 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063149.

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Performance bottlenecks in the optimization of JND modeling based on low-level manual visual feature metrics have emerged. High-level semantics bear a considerable impact on perceptual attention and subjective video quality, yet most existing JND models do not adequately account for this impact. This indicates that there is still much room and potential for performance optimization in semantic feature-based JND models. To address this status quo, this paper investigates the response of visual attention induced by heterogeneous semantic features with an eye on three aspects, i.e., object, context, and cross-object, to further improve the efficiency of JND models. On the object side, this paper first focuses on the main semantic features that affect visual attention, including semantic sensitivity, objective area and shape, and central bias. Following that, the coupling role of heterogeneous visual features with HVS perceptual properties are analyzed and quantified. Second, based on the reciprocity of objects and contexts, the contextual complexity is measured to gauge the inhibitory effect of contexts on visual attention. Third, cross-object interactions are dissected using the principle of bias competition, and a semantic attention model is constructed in conjunction with a model of attentional competition. Finally, to build an improved transform domain JND model, a weighting factor is used by fusing the semantic attention model with the basic spatial attention model. Extensive simulation results validate that the proposed JND profile is highly consistent with HVS and highly competitive among state-of-the-art models.

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Viseur, Sophie. « Turbidite reservoir characterization : object-based stochastic simulation meandering channels ». Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2004) : 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.1.11.

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Abstract Stochastic imaging has become an important tool for risk assessment and has successfully been applied to oil field management. This procedure aims at generating several possible and equiprobable 3D models of subsurface structures that enhance the available data set. Among these stochastic simulation techniques, object-based approaches consist of defining and distributing objects reproducing underground geobodies. A technical challenge still remains in object-based simulation. Due to advances in deep water drilling technology, new hydrocarbon exploration has been opened along the Atlantic margins. In these turbidite oil fields, segments of meandering channels can be observed on high-resolution seismic horizons. However, no present object-based simulation technique can reproduce exactly such known segments of channel. An improved object-based approach is proposed to simulate meandering turbidite channels conditioned on well observations and such seismic data. The only approaches dealing with meandering channels are process-based as opposed to structure-imitating. They are based on the reproduction of continental river evolution through time. Unfortunately, such process-based approaches cannot be used for stochastic imaging as they are based on equations reflecting meandering river processes and not turbiditic phenomena. Moreover, they incoporate neither shape constraints (such as channel dimensions and sinuosity) nor location constraints, such as well data. Last, these methods generally require hydraulic parameters that are not available from oil field study. The proposed approach aims at stochastically generating meandering channels with specified geometry that can be constrained to pass through well-observations. The method relies on the definition of geometrical parameters that characterize the shape of the expected channels such as dimensions, directions and sinuosity. The meandering channel object is modelled via a flexible parametric shape. The object is defined by a polygonal center-line (called backbone) that supports several sections. Channel sinuosity and local channel profiles are controlled by the backbone and, respectively the sections. Channel generation is performed within a 2D domain, D representing the channel-belt area. The proposed approach proceeds in two main steps. The first step consists in generating a channel center-line (C) defined by an equation v=Z(u) within the domain D. The geometry of this line is simulated using a geostatistical simulation technique that allows the generation of controlled but irregular center-lines conditioned on data points. During the second step, a vector field enabling the curve (C) to be transformed into a meandering curve (C’) is estimated. This vector field acts as a transform that specifies the third degree of channel sinuosity, in other words, the meandering parts of the loops. This field is parameterized by geometrical parameters such as curvature and tangent vectors along the curve (C) and the a priori maximum amplitude of the meander loops of the curve (C’). To make channel objects pass through conditioning points, adjustment vectors are computed at these locations and are interpolated along the curves. Synthetic datasets have been built to check if a priori parameters such as tortuosity are reproduced, and if the simulations are equiprobable. From this dataset, hundred simulations have been generated and enable one to verify that these two conditions are satisfied. Equiprobability is however not always satisfied from data points that are very close and located in a multivalued part of a meander : preferential orientation of the loops may indeed be observed. Solving this issue will be the focus of future works. Nevertheless, the results presented in this paper show that the approach provides satisfying simulations in any other configurations. This approach is moreover well-suited for petroleum reservoir characterization because it only needs specification of geometrical parameters such as dimension and sinuosity that can be inferred from the channel parts seen on seismic horizons or analogues.

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Qu, Junsuo, Zongbing Tang, Le Zhang, Yanghai Zhang et Zhenguo Zhang. « Remote Sensing Small Object Detection Network Based on Attention Mechanism and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion ». Remote Sensing 15, n^o 11 (24 mai 2023) : 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112728.

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In remote sensing images, small objects have too few discriminative features, are easily confused with background information, and are difficult to locate, leading to a degradation in detection accuracy when using general object detection networks for aerial images. To solve the above problems, we propose a remote sensing small object detection network based on the attention mechanism and multi-scale feature fusion, and name it AMMFN. Firstly, a detection head enhancement module (DHEM) was designed to strengthen the characterization of small object features through a combination of multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanisms. Secondly, an attention mechanism based channel cascade (AMCC) module was designed to reduce the redundant information in the feature layer and protect small objects from information loss during feature fusion. Then, the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) was introduced and combined with Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) as the location regression loss function to improve the optimization weight of the model for small objects and the accuracy of the regression boxes. Finally, an object detection layer was added to improve the object feature extraction ability at different scales. Experimental results from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) dataset VisDrone2021 and the homemade dataset show that the AMMFN improves the APs values by 2.4% and 3.2%, respectively, compared with YOLOv5s, which represents an effective improvement in the detection accuracy of small objects.

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Konnov, N. P., Yu P. Volkov et O. S. Kuznetsov. « Modern Technologies for Examination of Three-Dimensional (3-D) Ultra-Fine Structure and Visualization of Microorganisms ». Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, n^o 2(112) (20 avril 2012) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2012-2(112)-29-34.

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Outlined is a review of the literature data on the modern technologies for examination of the spatial (3-D) submicroscopic structural arrangement of biological objects with a high spatial resolution. Capacities of the instrumental visualization and analysis of a three-dimensional biological object significantly facilitate the overall characterization of its structural-functional properties.

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Hallman, Peter. « Explaining Siewierska’s generalization ». Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 24, n^o 2 (29 avril 2021) : 145–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10828-021-09124-6.

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AbstractThis article presents an explanation for a cross-linguistic gap observed by Anna Siewierska: morphologically unmarked indirect objects may alternate with prepositional marking in what is sometimes called a ‘dative’ or ‘prepositional-dative’ ditransitive frame, but never with actual dative case marking. ‘Dative’, to the extent it alternates with accusative, is always expressed as a preposition. I show firstly that German, which has a robust dative case paradigm, also displays a double object alternation in which the erstwhile dative DP occurs in a prepositional phrase, meaning both accusative (in English) and dative (in German) indirect objects alternate with prepositional encoding. I construct an analysis in which the the indirect object may be generated as either a DP (which receives dative in German and accusative in English) or a PP in the same theta position. This characterization of the double object alternation does not admit an alternation between dative and accusative case on the indirect object, capturing Siewierska’s generalization. The analysis also extends to ‘symmetric’ passive languages, in which either object in the double object construction can be raised to subject in the passive. Some current perspectives on this phenomenon make such languages exceptions to Siewierska’s generalization, but not the analysis proposed here.

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Kareta, Theodore, et Vishnu Reddy. « Nuclear and Orbital Characterization of the Transition Object (4015) 107P/Wilson–Harrington ». Planetary Science Journal 4, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2023) : 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acf199.

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Abstract Comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington, cross-listed as asteroid 4015, is one of the original transition objects whose properties do not neatly fit into a cometary or asteroidal origin. Discovered in a period of apparently gas-dominated activity in 1949, it was subsequently lost and recovered as the inactive asteroid 1979 VA. We obtained new and reanalyzed archival observations of the object, compared to meteorites, and conducted new orbital integrations in order to understand the nature of this object and to understand where it falls on the asteroid–comet continuum. Wilson–Harrington’s reflectance spectrum is approximately neutral from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, but has a reflectance maximum near 0.8–0.9 μm. The object’s spectrum is well matched by laboratory spectra of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites like the CM Murchison or the C i Ivuna. The object’s phase curve slope is compatible with either an asteroidal or cometary origin, and its recent orbital history has no periods with high enough temperatures to have altered its surface. While it is possible that some unknown process has acted to change the surface from an originally cometary one, we instead prefer a fundamentally asteroidal origin for Wilson–Harrington, which can explain its surface and orbital properties. However, this would require a way to maintain significant (hyper)volatile supplies on the near-Earth objects beyond what is currently expected. Wilson–Harrington’s similar meteorite affinity and possible orbital link to sample return targets (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu suggest that the returned samples from the Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx missions might hold the key to understanding this object.

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Karantanellis, E., V. Marinos et E. Vassilakis. « 3D HAZARD ANALYSIS AND OBJECT-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF LANDSLIDE MOTION MECHANISM USING UAV IMAGERY ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (4 juin 2019) : 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-425-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Late years, innovative close-range remote sensing technology such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are widely applied in the field of geoscience due to their efficiency in collecting data about surface morphology. Their main advantage stands on the fact that conventional methods are mainly collecting point measurements such as compass measurements of bedding and fracture orientation solely from accessible areas. The current research aims to demonstrate the applicability of UAVs in managing landslide and rockfall hazard in mountainous environments during emergency situations using object-based approach. Specifically, a detailed UAV survey took place in a test site namely as Proussos, one of the most visited and famous Monasteries in the territory of Evritania prefecture, in central Greece. An unstable steep slope across the sole road network results in continuous failures and road cuts after heavy rainfall events. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is used to provide detailed 3D point clouds describing the surface morphology of landslide objects. The latter resulted from an object-based classification approach of the photogrammetric point cloud products into homogeneous and spatially connected elements. In specific, a knowledge-based ruleset has been developed in accordance with the local morphometric parameters. Orthomosaic and DSM were segmented in meaningful objects based on a number of geometrical and contextual properties and classified as a landslide object (scarp, depletion zone, accumulation zone). The resulted models were used to detect and characterize 3D landslide features and provide a hazard assessment in respect to the road network. Moreover, a detailed assessment of the identified failure mechanism has been provided. The proposed study presents the effectiveness and efficiency of UAV platforms to acquire accurate photogrammetric datasets from high-mountain environments and complex surface topographies and provide a holistic object-based framework to characterize the failure site based on semantic classification of the landslide objects.</p>

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Aujeszky, Tamas, Georgios Korres, Mohamad Eid et Farshad Khorrami. « Estimating Weight of Unknown Objects Using Active Thermography ». Robotics 8, n^o 4 (24 octobre 2019) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8040092.

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Successful manipulation of unknown objects requires an understanding of their physical properties. Infrared thermography has the potential to provide real-time, contactless material characterization for unknown objects. In this paper, we propose an approach that utilizes active thermography and custom multi-channel neural networks to perform classification between samples and regression towards the density property. With the help of an off-the-shelf technology to estimate the volume of the object, the proposed approach is capable of estimating the weight of the unknown object. We show the efficacy of the infrared thermography approach to a set of ten commonly used materials to achieve a 99.1% R 2 -fit for predicted versus actual density values. The system can be used with tele-operated or autonomous robots to optimize grasping techniques for unknown objects without touching them.

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Sun, Ling Yu, Li Xin Sun, Ping Peng, Hui Li et Xiao Jun Zhang. « Button Cell Characterization Testing Technology Research Based on Computer Vision ». Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (juin 2013) : 1856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1856.

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The use of computer vision to detect and recognize target objects in the industrial field has high academic value. In this paper, computer vision is used to identify cell’s label and detect the surface scratch. Using inter variance threshold method of image acquisition threshold processing, to obtain a better image binarization , subsequent using characterization information to establish a template, and the template using mathematical morphology operations. Object matching is achieved by matrix change of the template , in order to achieve the detection. The experiments show that this method has higher accuracy and better real-time, so online detection can be used for battery characterization.

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Sîrbu, Ion-Dan, Marco Bolignari, Salvatore D’Avella, Francesco Damiani, Lorenzo Agostini, Paolo Tripicchio, Rocco Vertechy, Lucio Pancheri et Marco Fontana. « Adhesion State Estimation for Electrostatic Gripper Based on Online Capacitance Measure ». Actuators 11, n^o 10 (5 octobre 2022) : 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11100283.

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Electroadhesion is a suitable technology for developing grippers for applications where fragile, compliant or variable shape objects need to be grabbed and where a retention action is typically preferred to a compression force. This article presents a self-sensing technique for electroadhesive devices (EAD) based on the capacitance measure. Specifically, we demonstrate that measuring the variation of the capacitance between electrodes of an EAD during the adhesion can provide useful information to automatically detect the successful grip of an object and the possible loss of adhesion during manipulation. To this aim, a dedicated electronic circuit is developed that is able to measure capacitance variations while the high voltage required for the adhesion is activated. A test bench characterization is presented to evaluate the self-sensing of capacitance during different states: (1) the EAD is far away from the object to be grasped; (2) the EAD is in contact with the object, but the voltage is not active (i.e., no adhesion); and (3) the EAD is activated and attached to the object. Correlation between the applied voltage, object material and shape and capacitance is made. The self-sensing EAD is then demonstrated in a closed-loop robotic application that employs a robot manipulator arm to pick and place objects of different kinds.

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Ionita, V., B. Cranganu-Cretu et A. Ionita. « Object-oriented software for advanced characterization of magnetic materials ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 38, n^o 2 (mars 2002) : 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.996282.

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Ulker Karbeyaz, Basak, Eric L. Miller, Robin O. Cleveland et Ronald A. Roy. « Quantitative object localization and characterization from broadband ultrasonic backscatter ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, n^o 4 (octobre 2003) : 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777576.

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Li, Lin, Adrian Eng-Choon Tan, Kashish Jhamb et Karumudi Rambabu. « Buried Object Characterization Using Ultra-Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar ». IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 60, n^o 8 (août 2012) : 2654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2012.2198235.

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Ionita, V., et H. Gavrila. « Advanced characterization of hysteretic materials by object-oriented software ». Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 242-245 (avril 2002) : 1234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(01)01201-x.

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Park, Chan Su, et Hi Seok Kim. « FPGA-based color enhancement algorithm for thermal object characterization ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 3 (23 juin 2018) : 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12557.

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Thermal imaging is used in numerous applications, especially in security, medical and other industry which requires a non-contact temperature measurement. This proposed algorithm improves the thermal image and makes more visible the separation of the sampled object from its background. The extracted image is produced by the following techniques: the pre-processing techniques are the combination of K-means clustering, and inverted Otsu method; canny edge detection and color mapping are used for highlighting the necessary characteristics of the sampled thermal image. The experimental results of this proposed algorithm show significant distinguishable features in terms of edge and color enhancement. It outperforms the other color correction method in terms of processing time, and the implementation reduced the resource utilization. Moreover, it minimizes the misclassified pixel in different noise variance. This work is synthesized with Xilinx Zync 7000 ZED ZC702.

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Van Brandt, Seppe, Kamil Yavuz Kapusuz, Joryan Sennesael, Sam Lemey, Patrick Van Torre, Jo Verhaevert, Tanja Van Hecke et Hendrik Rogier. « Reliability Analysis and Optimization of a Reconfigurable Matching Network for Communication and Sensing Antennas in Dynamic Environments through Gaussian Process Regression ». Sensors 24, n^o 9 (24 avril 2024) : 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092689.

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During the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the performance of communication and sensing antennas that are embedded in smart surfaces or smart devices can be affected by objects in their reactive near field due to detuning and antenna mismatch. Matching networks have been proposed to re-establish impedance matching when antennas become detuned due to environmental factors. In this work, the change in the reflection coefficient at the antenna, due to the presence of objects, is first characterized as a function of the frequency and object distance by applying Gaussian process regression on experimental data. Based on this characterization, for random object positions, it is shown through simulation that a dynamic environment can lower the reliability of a matching network by up to 90%, depending on the type of object, the probability distribution of the object distance, and the required bandwidth. As an alternative to complex and power-consuming real-time adaptive matching, a new, resilient network tuning strategy is proposed that takes into account these random variations. This new approach increases the reliability of the system by 10% to 40% in these dynamic environment scenarios.

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Cirillo, Andrea, Gianluca Laudante et Salvatore Pirozzi. « Proximity Sensor for Thin Wire Recognition and Manipulation ». Machines 9, n^o 9 (3 septembre 2021) : 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9090188.

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In robotic grasping and manipulation, the knowledge of a precise object pose represents a key issue. The point acquires even more importance when the objects and, then, the grasping areas become smaller. This is the case of Deformable Linear Object manipulation application where the robot shall autonomously work with thin wires which pose and shape estimation could become difficult given the limited object size and possible occlusion conditions. In such applications, a vision-based system could not be enough to obtain accurate pose and shape estimation. In this work the authors propose a Time-of-Flight pre-touch sensor, integrated with a previously designed tactile sensor, for an accurate estimation of thin wire pose and shape. The paper presents the design and the characterization of the proposed sensor. Moreover, a specific object scanning and shape detection algorithm is presented. Experimental results support the proposed methodology, showing good performance. Hardware design and software applications are freely accessible to the reader.

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Battle, Adam, Vishnu Reddy, Juan A. Sanchez, Benjamin Sharkey, Tanner Campbell, Paul Chodas, Al Conrad et al. « Challenges in Identifying Artificial Objects in the Near-Earth Object Population : Spectral Characterization of 2020 SO ». Planetary Science Journal 5, n^o 4 (1 avril 2024) : 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad3078.

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Abstract Since the dawn of the Space Age, hundreds of payloads have been launched into heliocentric space. As near-Earth object (NEO) surveys search deeper for small asteroids, more artificial objects in heliocentric orbits are being discovered. We now face a challenge to identify the true nature of these objects and avoid contaminating the NEO catalog. Here, we present the methods used to characterize one such object. 2020 SO was discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 survey on 2020 September 17. Originally classified as a NEO, the object’s artificial nature became evident due to its low velocity relative to Earth and solar radiation pressure affecting its orbit about the Sun. Based on a backward propagation of its orbit, 2020 SO is thought to be a Centaur rocket body (R/B) from the launch of the Surveyor 2 mission to the Moon. We characterized 2020 SO using a range of ground-based optical and near-infrared telescopes to constrain its true nature. We find that its reflectance spectrum is consistent with that of other Centaur R/B launched during a similar time frame, and we identify 1.4, 1.7, and 2.3 μm absorption bands consistent with polyvinyl fluoride used on the aft bulkhead radiation shield exterior of Centaur-D R/B at the time.

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B V, Vinay, Poonam Bhaskar, Rohan Keshav H, Sirvi Priyanka Hiralal et Vidya P. « MEGACOSM – DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBJECTS ». International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, n^o 8 (13 août 2022) : 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2022.v0908.13.

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The concept of existence started with the bigbang theory, which was a phenomenon where multiple objects collided to create multiple other things. This creation is said to be increasing at the rate of the cosmic acceleration due to which multiple new objects came into existence called as the astronomical objects. Space object (SO) detection, classification, and characterization are significant challenges in many research fields. In recent years, deep learning and other forms of artificial intelligence (AI) have drawn the attention of many astronomers and academics. Megacosm is project that is used for the classification and the identification of those newly created celestial objects. It works on the process of manually training the model with the data annotation techniques and the dataset is enhanced using the data augmentation technique. It uses YOLO as the core algorithm and also deep learning concepts like CNN (Convolution Neural Network) to predict results. It gives the output as a bounding box around the detected object along with the accuracy of that prediction.

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Smith, M. Burdick. « “Take (Meta)physic, pomp” : King Lear and (Dis)oriented Ontology ». ROMARD 58 (23 décembre 2021) : 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32773/dxmf1709.

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This essay uses Object-Oriented Ontology, a posthumanist theoretical model, to explore how King Lear’s use of and relation to objects can provide insight into his characterization. This essay provides a model for scrutinizing the role of objects—whether animate or inanimate—in performances of early modern drama; furthermore, it argues that King Lear’s use of objects reveals a consistent refusal to understand others, which upsets a redemptive arc in the play. To that end, the article proposes an ethical model—demonstrated by Kent—that responds to the play’s otherwise desolate worldview.

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Stoica, Radu S. « Morpho-statistical characterization of the cosmic web using marked point processes ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (mai 2014) : 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010709.

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AbstractThe cosmic web is the intricate network of filaments outlined by the galaxies positions distribution in our Universe. One possible manner to break the complexity of such an elaborate geometrical structure is to assume it made of simple interacting objects. Under this hypothesis, the filamentary network can be considered as the realization of an object or a marked point process. These processes are probabilistic models dealing with configurations of random objects given by random points having random characteristics or marks. Here, the filamentary network is considered as the realization of such a process, with the objects being cylinders that align and connect in order to form the network. The paper presents the use of marked point processes to the detection and the characterization of the galactic filaments.

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Dorozhkin, P., E. Kuznetsov, A. Schokin, S. Timofeev et V. Bykov. « AFM + Raman Microscopy + SNOM + Tip-Enhanced Raman : Instrumentation and Applications ». Microscopy Today 18, n^o 6 (novembre 2010) : 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000982.

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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has developed into a very powerful tool for characterization of surfaces and nanoscale objects. Many physical properties of an object can be studied by AFM with nanometer-scale resolution. Local stiffness, elasticity, conductivity, capacitance, magnetization, surface potential and work function, friction, piezo response—these and many other physical properties can be studied with over 30 AFM modes. What is typically lacking in information provided by AFM studies is the chemical composition of the sample and information about its crystal structure. To obtain this information other characterization techniques are required, such as Raman and fluorescence microscopy. The Raman effect (inelastic light scattering) provides extensive information about sample chemical composition, quality of crystal structure, crystal orientation, presence of impurities and defects, and so on. Information provided by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy is complementary to the information obtained by AFM. So it is a natural requirement in many research fields to integrate these techniques in one piece of equipment—to provide comprehensive physical, chemical, and structural characterization of the same object. Of course, for routine studies of various samples, it is important to be able to obtain AFM and Raman/fluorescence images of exactly the same sample area, preferably with the same sample scan.

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Tremblay, Sébastien, Éric Baril, Éric St-Pierre, Jacques Ronaldi et Gilles L’Espérance. « Integrated Microscopy : From Design Philosophy to Applications ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (11 août 1996) : 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164428.

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Microscopy and ObjectsObject oriented programming (OOP) has been used to develop computer applications for many years. It has proven very efficient for the manipulation of data structures that share common elements and evolve over time. We observed that this approach might prove invaluable for microscopy where we, as researchers, developers and end-users, have to deal with many media (images, spectra, electrical measurements, databases, simulations, etc.) to accomplish a given characterization project. Particularly, since these media evolve as researchers find new techniques and manufacturers improve their instruments. In addition, the goals and aims of a project may also change with time. The ability to reuse information that has already been acquired/generated then becomes crucial to success since this avoids the cost of repeating an analysis when information that was considered unimportant suddenly becomes of interest. In this context all results, acquisition parameters, instrument and processing tool settings, are relevant. The need for modularity, completeness and adaptation of information guided our design for the information structure used to develop the integrated characterization system. It is based on 3 types of small data objects. The first type carries the properties of each physical object (microscope, EDX spectrometer, specimen stage, sample, etc.). The second type carries acquired data such as images, spectra, etc. Finally, the last type of small data object carries the processed results such as hardness, composition, features sizes, distribution, etc. A characterization project can then be represented like any compound document as shown in figure 1. This architecture can be used inside applications as well as with storage devices (where objects are saved in compound files). Those objects can also contain hierarchy information such as the relationship between objects (i.e. “is subset of, , “is generator of, or “is defined by”).

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Ekici, Özgün. « Pair‐efficient reallocation of indivisible objects ». Theoretical Economics 19, n^o 2 (2024) : 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te5471.

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We revisit the classical object reallocation problem under strict preferences. When attention is constrained to the set of Pareto‐efficient rules, it is known that top trading cycles (TTC) is the only rule that is strategy‐proof and individually rational. We relax this constraint and consider pair efficiency. A rule is pair‐efficient if it never induces an allocation at which a pair of agents gain from trading their assigned objects. Remarkably, even in the larger set of pair‐efficient rules, we find that TTC is still the only rule that is strategy‐proof and individually rational. Our characterization result gives strong support to the use of TTC in object reallocation problems.

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Saraswati, Karina Atia. « Teknik Penggambaran Penokohan Mizoguchi Dalam Novel Kinkakuji Karya Yukio Mishima ». Janaru Saja : Jurnal Program Studi Sastra Jepang 8, n^o 1 (31 mai 2019) : 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/js.v8i1.1739.

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Abstract : This research is a study that examines how the depicts of Mizoguchi characterization techniques that contained in the novel Kinkakuji. The author argues that there are several techniques used in describing Mizoguchi characterizations, so the authors are interested in researching what techniques are used to describe Mizoguchi's characterizations. Descriptive analysis method is used in this study. The object used in the form of narration and dialogue related to research. The results of this study is, there are 4 techniques used to describe Mizoguchi characterizations, that is, expository techniques, flow awareness techniques, behavioral techniques, then setting presentment techniques. Keywords: Characterization, technique, characterization technique, kinkakuji Abstrak : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang meneliti tentang bagaimana teknik penggambaran penokohan Mizoguchi yang terdapat di dalam novel Kinkakuji. Penulis berpendapat bahwa terdapat beberapa teknik yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan penokohan Mizoguchi, sehingga penulis tertarik untuk meneliti tentang teknik apa saja yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan penokohan Mizoguchi. Metode deskriptif analisis digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Objek yang digunakan berupa narasi dan dialog yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 4 teknik yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan penokohan Mizoguchi, yaitu, teknik ekspositori, teknik arus kesadaran, teknik tingkah laku, kemudian teknik pelukisan latar. Kata kunci: Penokohan, teknik penggambaran penokohan, Kinkakuji

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Bright, D. S. « Richardson Plots for Fractal Dimension Characterization of Bound Aries of Digitized Grains and Particles ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (août 1997) : 1145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012617.

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Fractal dimension is useful for characterizing objects with tortuous boundaries, providing an additional measurement to characterize shape beyond the commonly used area, perimeter, caliper diameter and their combinations. The fractal dimension of the boundary describes the increase of the measured value of the perimeter of an object resulting from increasing measurement resolution, i.e., decreasing step size. We desire to characterize and classify shapes such as soot particles, as shown in the TEM micrograph in Fig. 1a, and crystalline grains of metal alloys, as shown in the SEM micrograph of Raney nickel in Fig. 4.This investigation involves evaluation of the Minkowski-sausage or dilation technique (Fig. 1) using the histogram of the Euclidean distance map of the perimeter of the object. The distance map gives bands of various widths that follow the perimeter - greater widths lose detail. Perimeter length is sausage (band) area divided by sausage width, w.

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