Thèses : « Number perception »

1

Lunken, Eugene Jonah. « Is subitizing simply canonical pattern matching ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29426.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

McNamara, Andrew William. « Lateralization of speech perception and knowledge of number concepts in adolescents with Down syndrome ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63671.pdf.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Swarner, Joyce Carroll. « Ordinal size scaling in preschool children ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184584.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Young children are limited in their usage of comparative adjectives and ordinal numbers, typical ways of describing ordinal relationships. However, research in a number of areas suggests the possibility of a precursor level of ordinal concept. To facilitate the search for precursor ordinal skills, ordinal ability was defined in ordinal measurement terms. Only "greater than - less than," asymmetric judgements were required. Additionally, linguistic demands were reduced by using family-role terms as size designators. Experimental manipulations included variations in scale size and in the complexity level of ordinal conceptualization. Solution strategies based on "good form" and on "pairwise comparison" were precluded by using pictures of randomly placed objects which could not be manipulated by the child. Ninety-six 3-6 year old children pointed to "Daddy," "Mommy," "Big boy/girl," "Little boy/girl," and "Baby" when shown sets of 3 to 5 circles or squares which differed only in size. Tasks were of three types: Identification, mapping labels onto a single set of objects; Coordination, mapping labels onto two identical sets of objects in which corresponding "family members" are the same size; and Transposition, mapping labels onto two separate sets in which corresponding family members are of different sizes. Data were analyzed in an Age (3), by Scale Size (3), by Complexity Level (3), by Shape (2) mixed design ANOVA, and significant main effects were obtained for all variables. Tasks became more difficult with increases in scale size, and in complexity level. Square objects were slightly more difficult than circular, and older children were more proficient than younger ones. Post hoc tests generally supported the obtained main effects. Finer grained analysis using Latent Trait procedures supported the global ANOVA results, and supported the hypothesis that the end points of a scale are easier than the central positions. Response patterns indicated that errors were size-related, and suggested transitional levels of performance. The present study demonstrates that children as young as three can demonstrate a precursor ordinal concept when the task is framed in familiar terms and is placed in a context which is meaningful for them.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Gemrich, Jan. « Development of perception of Google+ ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165073.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The goal of this thesis is to introduce readers with the current state of the market of social networks in the Czech Republic with major focus on evolution of user perception of market rookie -- Google+ -- and with focus on success evaluation of marketing activities led to support this service. All this evaluation is done thanks to a research. The master thesis is split into 3 units, which gradually describe current perception of social networks, their definition and also the situation on the Czech market. After deeper description of Google+, the research is described. This research is led in order to allow obtaining data that would allow for comparison of situation before and after execution of above mentioned marketing activities executed during summer of 2012. Final unit of this paper focuses on the research data analysis in order to extract the evolution of awareness and of usage of compared social network and of course to offer very detailed look on Google+ itself and to offer the evaluation of efficiency of the marketing activities.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Reutskaja, Elena. « Experiments on the role of the number of alternatives in choice ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7383.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Whereas people are typically thought to be better off with more choices, large sets may lead to "choice paralysis". This thesis explores the processes underlying the choice from multiple alternatives in different settings. First, we propose that satisfaction is an inverted U-shaped function of the number of alternatives. This proposition is derived theoretically by considering the benefits and costs of different numbers of alternatives, and validated empirically. Second, we investigate the computational processes used to make choices from multiple alternatives under extreme time pressure using an eye-tracking technique. We find that choices are well-described by a sequential search model, in which people randomly fixate on items, measure their values, and choose the best item seen. Third, we study the neural bases of choice from multiple alternatives using fMRI. The results demonstrate that brain activity is modulated by the number of choice items and by the subjective choice experience of people.
Comúnmente, se piensa que es mejor para la gente tener más alternativas de elección. Sin embargo, grandes conjuntos pueden llevar a una "parálisis de elección". Esta tesis explora los procesos que guían la elección entre múltiples alternativas. Primero, proponemos teóricamente que la satisfacción, en función del número de alternativas (considerando los beneficios y costes de este) adopta una forma de U-invertida. Luego, lo comprobamos empíricamente. Segundo, investigamos los procesos utilizados para elegir entre múltiples alternativas, bajo extrema presión de tiempo, utilizando "eye-tracking". Encontramos que las elecciones son bien descritas por un modelo de búsqueda secuencial en el que la gente se fija en los artículos, mide sus valores y escoge el mejor visto. Tercero, estudiamos los fundamentos neuronales de elección de múltiples alternativas usando fMRI. Los resultados muestran que la actividad cerebral es modulada por el número de productos a elegir y por la experiencia subjetiva de elección.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Martin, Benoît. « Magnitudes in the human brain : independent processing of time, space and number ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066417/document.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Si vous voulez prendre votre train à l'heure, vous devez estimer à quelle distance se trouve la gare et combien de temps vous allez mettre pour y aller. Plusieurs études ont montré qu'il existe des interactions dans la perception de différentes dimensions. En 2003, Walsh a suggéré que le Temps, l'Espace et les Nombres faisaient partie d'un système de magnitudes commun qui serait localisé dans le cortex pariétal. Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié l'existence d'un tel système. La manipulation de la magnitude de dimensions non-temporelles n'a pas interféré avec les jugements de durée. En revanche, l'estimation du nombre et de l'espace a été biaisée par le taux d'accumulation d'évidence sensorielle. Dans une première expérience nous avons cherché à savoir si un système de magnitudes basé sur des probabilités Bayesiennes nécessitait l'utilisation d'un " prior " unique, amodal, ou alors nécessitait plusieurs " priors ". D'un point de vue Bayesien, nos résultats indiquent que l'estimation de différentes dimensions requiert plusieurs " priors ", ce qui ne supporte pas l'existence d'un système de magnitude commun. Pour étudier l'effet du nombre sur l'estimation de la durée, nous avons effectué une seconde étude dans laquelle les participants devaient reproduire des intervalles de temps et également juger la valeur numérique du stimulus visuel. Les résultats ont montré que l'interaction temps-nombre dépend essentiellement du format numérique utilisé (symbolique ou non symbolique). Ces résultats suggèrent que la magnitude numérique est automatiquement traitée alors que des ressources attentionnelles sont requises lorsque l'information numérique est présentée symboliquement
If you want to catch your train on time you have to estimate how far the station is from your current position and how long it will take you to go there. A growing body of evidence suggests that interferences may exist in the perception of different magnitude dimensions. These relationships fascinate researchers for decades and led Walsh (2003) to hypothesize that Time, Space and Number were part of a generalized magnitude system which may be located in the parietal cortex. In this thesis, we first investigated the possible existence of such system. Manipulating non-temporal magnitude dimensions did not interfere with duration judgments. Instead, numerical and spatial estimates were biased when we manipulated the rate of accumulation of sensory evidence. In this first experiment we asked whether a generalized Bayesian magnitude estimation system would sample evidence using a common, amodal prior, as expected by a generalized magnitude system. Our results suggested that from a Bayesian perspective, computations would necessitate multiple priors. This work provides substantial evidence against the existence of a generalized magnitude system. To further investigate interferences of numerical magnitude on perceived duration, we built a second experiment in which participants were required to reproduce intervals of time and also judge the numerical magnitude of the stimulus. Our results revealed that the number-time interaction depended on the numerical format that was used. Our work suggests that the numerical magnitude is automatically processed at a non-symbolic level whereas it requires attentional resources when numerical information is symbolically conveyed

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Russell, Kelly A. « Children's prenumerical quantification of time ». Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/russell.pdf.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008.
Additional advisors: Jerry Aldridge, Lois Christensen, Lynn Kirkland, Maryann Manning. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 7, 2008; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Richmond, Janet E. « School aged children : Visual perception and reversal recognition of letters and numbers separately and in context ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/128.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Visual discrimination, spatial orientation, and recognition of letters and numbers in context are important issues in helping young students achieve good literacy and numeracy standards. Thus, measures of Visual Discrimination of Upper Case Letters (VDUCL), Visual Discrimination of Lower Case Letters (VDLCL), and Visual Discrimination of Numbers (VDN) as well as Spatial Orientation of Letter and Number Pairs (SOLNP), Form Constancy of Letters and Numbers (FCLNP), Letter and Number Sequencing (LNS), Figure Ground of Letters in Words FGLW) and Figure Ground Numbers in Calculations (FGNC) must be linear and uni-dimensional so that student weaknesses can be identified objectively. The Simple Logistic Model of Rasch Measurement was used to order the items on a scale from easy to difficult and the student measures were calibrated on the same scale from low to high. In each scale, items were scored zero (for incorrect) and one (for correct). The student sample N=324 used in this study included pre-primary and primary students in Perth, Western Australia. The initial data were adjusted so that items which displayed misfit statistics were removed from each scale prior to final analysis. The final VDUCL scale (18 items), VDLCL scale (31 items), and VDN scale (14 items) each had a good fit to the measurement model, and were internally reliable. In each scale, there was good agreement about the item difficulties from easy to hard along the scale. Item discrimination and targeting was good. The scales allow teachers to objectively identify the letters and numbers that students find difficult to discriminate and those students who have poor visual discrimination skills of alphabet letters and numbers so that tailored teaching can be applied to those in need.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Belelie, Cindylou. « The relationship of SOC to well-being and its effect on the perception of a selected number of work characteristics ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53675.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many Black nurses who originally come from previously disadvantaged communities find themselves at present in relatively senior positions. The reality is, however, that many of these employees are still residing in residential areas where transformation and changes are still very limited and progress hardly noticeable. Such employees experience the stressful world of nursing on the one hand while on the other hand they also have to battle with the realities of the legacy of Apartheid. These may include aspects such as financial burdens, long distances from work, poor public transport, high crime rates in their communities and schools that are yet to improve standards. There are still Black South Africans, amongst them Black nursing sisters, who have to battle with these problems daily, in addition to having to cope with occupational stressors. One would assume then that they may be experiencing a large degree of strain and burnout. This research was therefore concerned with those nurses who remain productive and efficient in their work by overcoming constant occupational and non-occupational demands and stressors. Not all nurses, however, experience ill health due to stressors. There are nurses who do cope well. Two research questions were investigated with reference to the above: (a) Why some Black nursing sisters appear to cope better than others; and (b) What the role of Sense of Coherence (SOC) is as a coping resource. The study therefore investigated the statistical relationship between (a) SOC and well-being and (b) the effect that SOC has on the perception of a selected number of work characteristics. Significant Pearson Correlations were found between SOC and psychosomatic strain symptoms and burnout frequency. No significant relationship was found between SOC and burnout intensity. A significant relationship was found between SOC and work demands, as well as SOC and career rewards. Findings further indicate that no significant relationship was found between organisational climate, leadership relations, influence at work, time pressures and adverse factors in the work environment. Two-way ANOVAs indicate that no significant main effect exists in respect of SOC on psychosomatic strain symptoms. The study also indicates that a significant main effect exists for SOC on burnout frequency, whereas no significant main effect exists for SOC on burnout intensity. No significant interaction effect exists between SOC and age on psychosomatic strain symptoms, burnout frequency and burnout intensity. A significant interaction effect exists between SOC and education level on burnout intensity, while there is no significant interaction effect between SOC and educational level on psychosomatic strain symptoms and burnout frequency. A significant main effect exists for SOC on the perception of leadership relations, influence at work and career rewards. Findings further indicate that no significant main effect exists for SOC on the perception of: orgnisational climate, time pressures, work demands and adverse factors in the work environment. No significant interaction effect exists between SOC and age on the perception of organisational climate, influence at work, work demands, time pressures, career rewards, leadership relations and adverse factors in the work environment. Results indicate that no significant interaction effect exists between SOC and educational level on the perception of organisational climate, influence at work, work demands, time pressures, career rewards, leadership relations and adverse factors in the work environment. The results thus indicate that a positive correlation exists between SOC and wellbeing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Talle verpleegters uit voorheen benadeelde gebiede, bevind hulself huidiglik in relatiewe senior posisies. Die werklikheid is egter dat hierdie werknemers nog steeds onder andere in woongebiede bly waar transformasie en verandering gering is en algemene vordering nie waarneembaar is nie. Hierdie werknemers ondervind die stresvolle omstandighede van verpleging eendersyds en andersyds voer hulle 'n stryd teen die nalatenskap van apartheid. Dit kan aspekte soos finansiele probleme, lang afstande van hul werkplek, publieke vervoer, hoë misdaadsyfers in hul gemeenskappe asook skole waar die opvoedkundige standaarde nog aangespreek moet word, insluit. Daar is nog talle Swart Suid-Afrikaners, Swart verpleegsusters onder andere wat daagliks met hierdie probleme die stryd voer met 'n langsame veranderingsproses, terwyl hulle ook met talle stressors in hul beroepe te make het. Dit kan dus aanvaar word dat hierdie persone 'n groot mate van stres en uitbranding ondervind. Hierdie navorsing het te make met daardie groep verpleegsters wat produktief en bekwaam in hul werk bly funksioneer het, weens die feit dat hulle hierdie voordurende beroeps-en nie-beroeps vereistes en stressors suksesvol die hoof kan bied. Nie al die verpleegsters se geestegesondheid word dus deur genoemde stresfaktore benadeel nie en kan deurgaans effektief funksioneer. Twee navorsings-vraagstukke is met betrekking tot bogenoemde Suid-Afrikaanse realiteit ondersoek: (a) Waarom sommige Swart verpleegsusters die stressors in hul beroeps-en lewensomstandighede beter as ander hanteer en (b) Watter rol speel koherensiebelewing ("SOC") as enstreshantering meganisme. Die studie het (a) die verhouding tussen koherensiebelewing en werknemer welsyn en (b) die rol van koherensiebelewing ("SOC") as enmeganisme vir die hantering van stres, nagevors. Beduidende Pearson Korrelasies tussen koherensiebelewing, psigosomatiese stressimptome en die frekwensie van uitbranding is gevind. Geen beduidende verband is tussen koherensiebelewing, werkseise en loopbaanbelonings gevind nie. Die resultate dui verder aan dat daar geen beduidende verband tussen organisatoriese klimaat, leierskap verhoudings, invloed by die werk, tydsdruk, en nadelige faktore in die werksomgewing bestaan nie. Twee-rigting variansie ontledings dui egter aan dat daar geen beduidende hoof effek tussen koherensiebelewing en psigosomatiese stressimptome bestaan nie. Die studie dui ook op 'n beduidende hoof effek tussen koherensiebelewing en die frekwensie van uitbranding. Geen beduidende hoof effek is tussen koherensiebelewing en uitbranding intensiteit gevind. Geen beduidende interaksie effek bestaan tussen koherensiebelewing en ouderdom op psigomatiese stressimptome, frekwensie van uitbrandiqg en uitbrandings intensiteit nie. 'n Beduidende interaksie effek bestaan tussen koherensiebelewing en opvoedkundige kwalifikasie op uitbranding intensiteit, terwyl daar geen interaksie effek bestaan tussen psigomatiese stressimptome en frekwensie van uitbranding nie. 'n Beduidende hoof effek ten opsigte van koherensiebelewing op die persepsie van leierskap-verhoudings, invloede by die werk, en loopbaanbelonings is gevind. Die navorsing dui verder daarop dat geen betekenisvolle hoof effek bestaan ten opsigte van koherensiebelewing op die persepsie van organisatoriese klimaat, tydsdruk, werksvereistes en nadelige faktore in die werksomgewing nie. 'n Statisties beduidende hoof effek ten opsigte van koherensiebelewing op die persepsie van leierskap-verhoudings, invloede by die werk, en loopbaanbelonings, bestaan. Geen beduidende interaksie effek bestaan tussen koherensiebelewing en ouderdom op die persepsie van organisatoriese klimaat, invloed by die werk, werkseise, tydsdruk, loopbaanbelonings, leierskap-verhoudings en nadelige faktore in die werksomgewing nie. Resultate toon geen statisties beduidende interaksie effek tussen koherensiebelewing en opvoedkundige kwalifikasie op die persepsie van organisatoriese klimaat, invloede by die werk, werkseise, tydsdruk, loopbaanbelonings, leierskap-verhoudings en nadelige faktore by die werk nie. Die resultate dui derhalwe op 'n positiewe verband tussen koheresensiebelewing en werknemerwelstand.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Samson, Duncan Alistair. « An analysis of the influence of question design on pupils' approaches to number pattern generalisation tasks ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003302.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study is based on a qualitative investigation framed within an interpretive paradigm, and aims to investigate the extent to which question design affects the solution strategies adopted by children when solving linear number pattern generalisation tasks presented in pictorial and numeric contexts. The research tool comprised a series of 22 pencil and paper exercises based on linear generalisation tasks set in both numeric and 2-dimensional pictorial contexts. The responses to these linear generalisation questions were classified by means of stage descriptors as well as stage modifiers. The method or strategy adopted was carefully analysed and classified into one of seven categories. A meta-analysis focused on the formula derived for the nth term in conjunction with its justification. The process of justification proved to be a critical factor in being able to accurately interpret the origin of the sub-structure evident in many of these responses. From a theoretical perspective, the central role of justification/proof within the context of this study is seen as communication of mathematical understanding, and the process of justification/proof proved to be highly successful in providing a window of understanding into each pupil’s cognitive reasoning. The results of this study strongly support the notion that question design can play a critical role in influencing pupils’ choice of strategy and level of attainment when solving pattern generalisation tasks. Furthermore, this study identified a diverse range of visually motivated strategies and mechanisms of visualisation. An awareness and appreciation for such a diversity of visualisation strategies, as well as an understanding of the importance of appropriate question design, has direct pedagogical application within the context of the mathematics classroom.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Möller, Kristian. « Visuellt typinstrument : en metrologisk studie ». Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk Design & ; Illustration, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5162.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Visual Type Instrument - VTI, is a tool containing a typeface and a set of geometric calculations that generates numerical data in spreadsheets. The data is determined from the typefaces visual dimensions and is used to calculate leading, type size, margins and format. The aim is to offer, for all of those working with typography and design, a practical way to manage text, image and format in relationship to visual size. Instead of using point measurements, VTI uses a new device called Edo. An Edo is the same as one twelfth of a millimetre. This makes VTI compatible with the metric system and helps us to set text in relation to our own formats which applies namely in millimetres. VTI uses logical arithmetic and geometry that is set in an automated process, and many choices that normally postpone the working process can be excluded. Simultaneously VTI is meant to discreetly make the user aware that more settings can be activated in line with the users own development, which makes the creative flow unaffected. Using a metrics based on simple fractions, a mnemonic awareness is developed with the user and an understanding of how every detail fits together becomes more obvious. The typography becomes the key to any design choices that follows. The user becomes aware of the visual size, and in a cognitive way stimulated to recreate a font size regardless of the fonts limitations.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Abou, Khaled Walle, et Dylan Baban. « Influencers på Instagram : En jämförande studie om hur olika sorters influencers påverkar konsumenters varumärkesuppfattning ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26817.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur konsumenters varumärkesuppfattning påverkas av influencer marketing med avseende på influencers följarantal och tematiska inriktning. Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ metod genomförts för att totalt samla in 173 svar genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning. Efter sållning utifrån vårt urval bearbetades 153 svar i SPSS där deskriptiv statistik, korrelationsanalys och klusteranalys genomfördes. Resultatet användes för att genomföra en diskussion för att dra vidare slutsatser. Slutsats: Studien visar att både tematiska influencers och influencers med många följare har en positiv inverkan på konsumenters varumärkesuppfattning. Influencers med stora följarantal bidrar till mer positiv inverkan på konsumenters varumärkesuppfattning än tematiska influencers. För maximala resultat bör marknadsförare använda sig av en influencer som både har ett stort följarantal och är inriktad på ett tema. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrag till teorin inom marknadsföringens forskningsområde är en ökad kunskap om olika sorters influencers påverkan på konsumenters varumärkesuppfattning. Studien visar att följarantal väger tyngre än tema i frågan om hur positivt påverkad en konsuments varumärkesuppfattning blir.
Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate how consumers’ brand perception is influenced by influencer marketing with regard to influencers' number of followers and topical alignment. Method: In this study, a quantitative method has been conducted to aggregate 173 responses in a web-based questionnaire survey. After screening based on our selection, 153 responses were processed in SPSS where descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. The result was used to conduct a discussion to draw further conclusions. Conclusion: The study shows that both topical influencers and influencers with many followers have a positive impact on consumer brand perception. Influencers with a large number of followers contribute to a more positive impact on consumer brand perception than topical influencers. For maximum results, marketers should use an influencer that has both a large number of followers and focuses on a topic. Contribution: The study's contribution to the theory of marketing research area is an increased knowledge of the influence of different types of influencers on consumer brand perception. The study shows that the number of followers weighs heavier than the topic in terms of how positively affected a consumer's perception of the brand is.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Thompson, Jacqueline Marie. « Influences of visuospatial mental processes and cortical excitability on numerical cognition and learning ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f11adba-5ff3-4f3b-b254-fda6ab0ed5a7.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Numerical cognition has been shown to share many aspects of spatial cognition, both behavioural and neurological. However, it is unclear whether a particular type of spatial cognition, visuospatial mental imagery (VSMI), may play a role in symbolic numerical representation. In this thesis, I first show that mental rotation, a form of VSMI, is related to two measures of basic numerical representation. I then show that number-space synaesthesia (NSS), a rare type of VSMI involving visualised spatial layouts for numbers, does not show an advantage in mental rotation, but shows interference in number line mapping. I next present a study investigating links between NSS and the ability to learn novel numerical symbols. I demonstrate that NSS shows an advantage at learning novel numerals, and that transcranial random noise stimulation, which increases cortical excitability, confers broadly similar advantages that nonetheless differ in subtle ways. I present a study of transcranial alternating current stimulation on the same symbol learning paradigm, which fails to demonstrate effects. Lastly, I present data showing that strength of numerical representation in these newly-learnt symbols is correlated with a measure of mental rotation, and also with visual recognition ability for the symbols after, but not before, training. All together, these findings suggest that VSMI does indeed play a role in numerical cognition, and that it may do so from an early stage of learning symbolic numbers.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Tolmie, Julie. « Visualisation, navigation and mathematical perception : a visual notation for rational numbers mod 1 ». View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20020313.101505/index.html.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

McCoy, Jacquetta. « Experiences and Perceptions Regarding Emergency Telephone Number Use Relative to Civic Engagement ». ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2850.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Lack of engagement in public service awareness education programs, coupled with reduced funding to implement a diversion system such as 311 systems or 10-digit phone numbers, contribute to 911 misuse. Many local governments have invested in alternative systems, but research regarding community members' use of 911 or alternatives relative to civic engagement is lacking. Guided by Gordon's conceptualization of civic engagement, this phenomenological study bridged the gap in knowledge by exploring community members' civic involvement and their use of 911 between 2012 and 2015 in a county in the state of Georgia. A snowball sampling strategy was used to select 5 community members who had used 911 to call for service. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis. Findings indicated that participants were not aware of the problems associated with 911 misuse, and they had limited knowledge of 911 call system practices and procedures from an operational standpoint. Participants believed that more awareness and education is necessary to educate and make community members aware of problems associated to 911 misuse and to inform community members of the nonemergency number. Positive social change may be achieved through local governments implementing public awareness campaigns about appropriate 911 use. These efforts may result in improvements to public safety through better response to critical emergency events.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Briand-Newman, Hannah. « Teacher perceptions of their professional knowledge, learning and practice : Insights into early number sense pedagogy ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21614.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Student mathematics underperformance across grade levels within Australian schools remains a growing concern. Current concerns regarding the quality of student learning and levels of achievement, position a strong focus on the quality of teacher preparation and practice. The development of sound number sense in the early years of school has been shown to be critical for ongoing learning and success in mathematics. Therefore, teachers of early mathematics play a vital role in building the foundational number knowledge on which children can build further understanding and competence. Previous research has established that young children who have under-developed number sense are at risk of continued underachievement, highlighting the importance of their teachers being equipped with deep knowledge of early number development and effective practices for early intervention. This study aimed to interpret how teachers acquire their knowledge and translate it into their core instructional practices for early mathematics teaching. The research was guided by a conceptual framework that links the key components of teacher knowledge, professional learningand teacher practicethrough the mediating process of teacher perception. The study focused on investigating the following questions: What knowledge for the teaching of number sense do teachers bring with them to their early learning classroom? How do teachers’ classroom practices address the learning needs of their students? How does teacher perception interrelate with teacher knowledge and their classroom practice? Underpinning the research design for this study were the characteristics of a naturalistic, inquiry research paradigm, where meaning arises out of real-life settings, (that is, classrooms), through an interpretative, sequential process. The participants in the collective case-studyapproach were three Kindergarten (first year of school in NSW) teachers from the same school. As a stimulus for the collection of rich qualitative data, the teachers engaged in a practice-based interconnected professional learningmodel (IPLM). Each of the four domains in the IPLM (design, enactment, analysis, reflection), became the structure for individual cycles of teaching. A series of recorded teacher interviews (including video-stimulated teacher reflection) and classroom observations over an intensive period of three weeks, was supplemented by student assessment data and field notes. Data collection began with an assessment to identify children in each class who were ‘at risk’ in number learning, to become the focus of later classroom observations. Transcripts of teacher interviews were analysed through a process of coding, ‘memo writing’, and supported by manual in-vivo coding. Classroom observational data were analysed using initial/open coding, axial coding and memo writing. Cross-case themes and a data reduction matrix were subsequently used to build a multiple case report, with an embedded single-case study for deeper analysis. While this study found that each of the three teacher participants presented reasonable pedagogical content knowledge within their teaching of early mathematics learning, their understanding of the need for a more specialised content knowledge or deeper subject matter knowledge was not always evident. All three teachers were driven by the curriculum content leaving a noticeable gap between the translation of formal knowledge into their own instructional practice. Professional knowledge was mostly acquired through their own teaching experiences. Each teacher’s own perception of their preparedness to teach early mathematics was found to drive their beliefs about the knowledge needed to teach mathematics. Teacher perception was also a key element in how the learning needs of their students were identified and approached. Instructional core practices were often generalised across whole class learning, being collective and repetitive rather than targeted. While there is much yet to learn about the complexities of how teachers translate their professional knowledge into instructional practice, this study has revealed the important role that teacher perception plays in the approaches that teachers use to translate their present knowledge into what they teach and how they teach it. A teacher’s perception of their own thinking, learning and practice was pivotal to the adoption of particular practices, how they viewed teaching outcomes, and their view of the role of teaching itself. These findings highlighted the importance of ongoing support for teachers in developing the specialised knowledge and the pedagogy needed to provide quality access to early learning experiences that are vital to their student’s foundational number skills, achievement and ongoing mathematics success.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Tolmie, Julie, et julie tolmie@techbc ca. « Visualisation, navigation and mathematical perception : a visual notation for rational numbers mod1 ». The Australian National University. School of Mathematical Sciences, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020313.101505.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

There are three main results in this dissertation. The first result is the construction of an abstract visual space for rational numbers mod1, based on the visual primitives, colour, and rational radial direction. Mathematics is performed in this visual notation by defining increasingly refined visual objects from these primitives. In particular, the existence of the Farey tree enumeration of rational numbers mod1 is identified in the texture of a two-dimensional animation. ¶ The second result is a new enumeration of the rational numbers mod1, obtained, and expressed, in abstract visual space, as the visual object coset waves of coset fans on the torus. Its geometry is shown to encode a countably infinite tree structure, whose branches are cosets, nZ+m, where n, m (and k) are integers. These cosets are in geometrical 1-1 correspondence with sequences kn+m, (of denominators) of rational numbers, and with visual subobjects of the torus called coset fans. ¶ The third result is an enumeration in time of the visual hierarchy of the discrete buds of the Mandelbrot boundary by coset waves of coset fans. It is constructed by embedding the circular Farey tree geometrically into the empty internal region of the Mandelbrot set. In particular, coset fans attached to points of the (internal) binary tree index countably infinite sequences of buds on the (external) Mandelbrot boundary.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Valentová, Jana. « Motivy vybraných segmentů cestovního ruchu k návštěvě České republiky ». Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199596.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This Ph.D. thesis is aimed at inbound tourism in the Czech Republic, analysis of statistical data and their development in the period of years 2004 -- 2013, characteristics of the main source markets for the Czech Republic, and analysis of motives regarding participants of outbound tourism to the Czech Republic in the observed countries. The principal aim is to analyze and compare intensity of motives of the selected geographic, demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral segments for visits to the Czech Republic. An integral part of the aim is to suggest further possibilities of the motivation research and their exploitation in the marketing practice of the tourism industry. The author defines all theoretical terms closely connected with the tourism market segmentation, motives and motivations to travel including interesting view of them throughout history. It is evident that the travel motives influenced by various factors are differentiated parallely with the human society development. The author characterizes the Czech Republic destination offer and evaluates its inbound tourism in the period of years 2004 -- 2013 by means of 4 main indicators: number of guests, number of overnight stays, average length of stay, foreign currency incomes. The author also evaluates the researches focused on perception of the Czech Republic abroad that was carried out by the institutions representing the Czech Republic abroad. The detailed analysis of travel motivations was performed by the author herself in the form of questionnaires. Results of these analyses bring impulses to other possibilities of the research in the field of inbound tourism not only in the academic sphere but also in research work of state and public authorities, and in practice when creating tourism products and communications mix.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Davison, Benjamin Kenneth. « Universal graph literacy : understanding how blind and low vision students can satisfy the common core standards with accessible auditory graphs ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47621.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Auditory graphs and active point estimation provide an inexpensive, accessible alternative for low vision and blind K-12 students using number lines and coordinate graphs. In the first phase of this research program, a series of four psychophysics studies demonstrated an interactive auditory number line that enables blind, low vision, and sighted people to find small targets with a laptop, headphones, and a mouse or a keyboard. The Fitts' Law studies showed that, given appropriate auditory feedback, blind people can use a mouse. In addition, auditory feedback can generate target response patterns similar to when people use visual feedback. Phase two introduced SQUARE, a novel method for building accessible alternatives to existing education technologies. The standards-driven and teacher-directed approach generated 17 graphing standards for sixth grade mathematics, all of which emphasized point estimation. It also showed that how only few basic behavioral components are necessary for these graphing problems. The third phase evaluated active point estimation tools in terms of training, classroom situations, and a testing situation. This work shows that students can learn to graph in K-12 environments, regardless of their visual impairment. It also provides several technologies used for graphing, and methods to further develop education accessibility research.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Hurley, Lauren E. « Are Two Hurdles Better than One ? Effects of Selection Strategy, Number of Tools, and Job Level on Applicant Perceptions ». Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1510832815232654.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Romero, Marisabel. « An Altered Sense of Magnitude : Exploring How the Visual Presentation of Time, Space, and Numbers Can Influence Consumer Judgments and Behaviors ». Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6371.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Consumers are constantly evaluating quantitative information, such as the prices of different products, the time spent on an activity, or the distance covered during one day. Substantial research in psychology has demonstrated that judgments of quantity in one dimension (e.g., numbers) influence subsequent judgments on another dimension (e.g., time). The present research contributes to a growing body of work by exploring how the shared representation of time, space, and numbers affects consumer perceptions and behaviors. My first dissertation essay explores how the organization of time on a spatial plane affects temporal judgments, product evaluations, and intertemporal discounting (i.e., time-space interaction). It has been well documented that Western consumers typically arrange temporal sequences following a past-left, future-right spatial pattern. Merging insights gained from numerical cognition and time psychology, the author develops a framework to explain how displaying temporal sequences congruently with this spatial organization of time increases subjective estimations of time and biases consumers toward present rewards. My second dissertation essay seeks to understand how and why expressing quantitative information in symbolic code (i.e., “6”) compared to verbal code (i.e., “six”) affects magnitude judgments and product evaluations (i.e., time-number interaction). Two rival accounts to explain the symbol-verbal effect are described and tested: (1) a systematic processing account based on Arabic symbols’ perceptual and cognitive features and (2) a fluency account based on the frequency of use and facilitation of processing Arabic symbols. This research has important managerial implications related to the effective communication of quantitative information.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Dunne, Carmel Lynne. « A mixed-method study to investigate the relationship between the number of social support people present during labour, women’s perceptions and birth outcomes ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52681/1/Carmel_Dunne_Thesis.pdf.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The birth of a baby is a significant event for women and their families, with the event being influenced by the prevailing social and cultural context. Historically, women throughout the world have given birth at home assisted by other women who helped them cope with the stress of labour and birth. In the middle of the twentieth century, the togetherness, caring and support that were provided within the social and cultural context of childbirth began to change; women in most developed countries, and to some extent in developing countries, laboured and gave birth in institutions that isolated them from the support of family and friends. This practice is referred to as the medical model of childbirth and, over time, birthing within this model has come to be viewed by women as a dehumanising experience. In an attempt to secure a more supportive experience, women began to demand the presence of a supportive companion; namely their partner. This event became the catalyst for a number of studies focusing on different types of support providers and their contribution to the phenomenon of social support during labour. More recently, it has become a common practice for some women to be supported during labour by a number of people from their social network. However, research on the influence of such supportive people on women’s experience of labour and birth and on birth outcomes is scarce. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of various support arrangements from a woman’s family and social network on her experience of labour and birth and on birth outcomes. The mixed-method study was conducted to answer three research questions: 1. Do women with more than one support person present during labour and birth have similar perceptions and experiences of support compared to women with one support person? 2. Do women with more than one support person present during labour and birth have similar birth outcomes compared to women with one support person? 3. Do women with different types of support providers during labour and birth have similar birth outcomes? Methods Phase one of this study developed, pilot tested and administered a newly developed instrument designed to measure women’s perceptions of supportive behaviours provided during labour. Specific birth outcome data were extracted from the medical records. Phase two consisted of in-depth interviews with a sample of women who had completed the survey. Results: The results identified a statistically significant relationship between women’s perceptions of social support and the number of support providers: women supported by one person only rated the supportive behaviours of that person more highly compared to women who were supported by a number of people. The results also identified that women supported by one person used less analgesia. An additional qualitative finding was that some women sacrificed the support of female relatives at the request of their partners. Conclusion: By using a mixed-method approach, this study found that women were selective in their choice of support providers, as they chose individuals with whom they had an enduring affectionate attachment. Women place more emphasis on a support person’s ability to fulfil their attachment needs of close proximity and a sense of security and safety, rather than their ability to provide the expected functional supportive behaviours.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Howell, Aaron J. « Safety in numbers ? racial & ; ethnic differences in the effect of neighborhood minority concentration on minorities' perceptions of discrimination / ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1186692530.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 8, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: residential segregation, racial discrimination. Includes bibliographical references.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

HOWELL, AARON J. « SAFETY IN NUMBERS ? RACIAL & ; ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOOD MINORITY CONCENTRATION ON MINORITIES' PERCEPTIONS OF DISCRIMINATION ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186692530.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Anthony, Kristina C. « A Mathematics Workshop for Parents : Exploring Content Knowledge and Perceptions of Parental Involvement ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5840.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This qualitative study explored a mathematics workshop for parents and the impact on a parent’s mathematical content knowledge in rational numbers, perceptions of current instructional practices, and parental beliefs in supporting their children in learning mathematics. A 6-week parent workshop on rational numbers was offered in a rural middle school. Data sources included interviews and workshop audio transcriptions. This study concluded that a mathematics workshop supports parents in developing a conceptual understanding of rational numbers and rational number operations. Furthermore, parents recognized the importance of discourse, representation, and justification for building conceptual understanding in mathematics. Parents, who participated in the workshops, were more open to the use of standards based instructional practices for developing conceptual understanding. Parental engagement in mathematics should include discourse at home to help students justify and explain their thinking. Questions related to the teaching of non-standard procedures without building a conceptual understanding hindered many parents from completely accepting new instructional practices.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Almond, Martin. « The perceptions and intentions of care home operators in Hampshire regarding the projected increase in the number of old people for the years 2004-2024 ». Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418184.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Bernstein, Michael Jason. « Rejection and pain sensitivity why rejection sometimes hurts and sometimes numbs / ». Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1269914149.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Laptik, Raimond. « Automobilių registracijos numerių atpažinimo tyrimas ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050617_085253-23696.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the presented master paper: Analysis of car number plate recognition, optical character recognition (OCR), OCR software, OCR devices and systems are reviewed. Image processing operators and artificial neural networks are presented. Analysis and application of image processing operators for detection of number plate is done. Experimental results of estimation of Kohonen and multilayer feedforward artificial neural network learning parameters are presented. Number plate recognition is performed by the use of multilayer feedforward artificial neural network. Model of number plate recognition system is created. Number plate recognition software works in Microsoft© Windows™ operating system. Software is written with C++ language. Experimental results of system model operation are presented.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Jönsson, Alex. « Komplexa undervisningsmetoder : Om lärares uppfattningar och undervisningsmetoder av komplexa tal ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78155.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Studies have shown that a majority of teachers in Sweden (among other countries) today use an algebraic approach to introduce complex numbers. Studies have also shown that this approach could be problematic for students' conceptualization, and can lead to misconceptions regarding the complex numbers. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate if teachers' perceptions of complex numbers had any effect on their choice of method in regards to introducing the complex numbers to their students. A secondary purpose of this study was to see which digital learning resources teachers use, and how they use these in their teaching of the complex numbers. A qualitative interview with seven teachers was conducted to hear their personal choices and experiences. The study found no connection between the teachers' perception of complex numbers, and their choice of introducing complex numbers. Regarding the use of digital learning resources, the study found many of the teachers to be inexperienced or limited in their use of digital learning resources in their teaching of the complex numbers.
Forskning har visat att majoriteten av lärare i Sverige (bland andra länder) använder idag en algebraisk undervisningsmetod för att introducera komplexa tal. Forskning har också visat att detta kan vara problematiskt för elevers begreppsskapande och kan leda till missuppfattningar av komplexa tal. Syftet med den här studien var således att undersöka om lärares uppfattningar av komplexa tal har någon inverkan på deras val av introduktion i undervisningen. Ett sekundärt syfte var att se vilka digitala hjälpmedel lärare använder och hur de väljer att använda dessa i samband med undervisningen av komplexa tal. En kvalitativ intervju gjordes med sju lärare för att ta del av deras undervisning och deras personliga erfarenheter. Studien fann ingen koppling mellan lärarnas uppfattningar av komplexa tal och hur de valde att introducera komplexa tal. Gällande digitala verktyg så fann studien många lärare oerfarna eller begränsade i sin användning av digitala verktyg i sin undervisning av komplexa tal.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Jacobsson, Martin. « De musica liber VI / Aurelius Augustinus : A critical edition with a translation and an introduction ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75161.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Around the time of his famous conversion in 386, Augustine planned to dedicate a treatise to each of the artes liberales. However, he finished only a work on grammar and the first part of the De musica (books I-VI), which deals with rhythmus\the second part, which was to treat melos, was never written, since Augustine became occupied with his ecclesiastical career. The present work is the first critical edition of the sixth book of the De musica; the Latin text is accompanied by an English translation. The introduction includes a full analysis of the manuscript tradition from the 8th to the 14th century and a selective analysis of the later manuscript tradition. Among the conclusions reached are that all extant manuscripts descend from a single archetype which is not identical with the original text, that most manuscripts can be divided into four families, and that the text can be established on the basis of six of the oldest manuscripts. The introduction also contains a discussion of the much-debated question concerning Augustine's own revision of the sixth book, a section where solutions are proposed to several textual problems that were confronted during the establishment of the text, and a selective commentary on the contents of the sixth book of the De musica.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Achuo, George. « Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network ». Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Brez, Caitlin Christine. « Infant number perception : a developmental approach ». 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7551.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Infant number perception is a topic that has been studied for many years, but many questions remain regarding what cues infants use to make these discriminations, when and how these abilities develop, and what systems are responsible for infants’ number processing. In the domain of small number perception (quantities less than four), researchers have studied the effects of continuous extent on infants’ number discrimination (Clearfield & Mix, 1999; 2001). While evidence exists that infants can use continuous extent to make discriminations, it is not clear how much influence continuous extent has on infants’ behavior in these tasks. Another issue that has not been thoroughly addressed is the role of featural information in number discrimination. Few studies exist in which featural information is manipulated so that this issue can be addressed. The current study was designed to address these issues as well as to study infant number discrimination from a developmental perspective across several ages. Infants, aged 9-, 11-, and 13-months, completed a categorization task in which they were habituated to pictures of objects (e.g. bowl, tree, shoe) in either groups of two or groups of three. They saw four different sets of objects throughout habituation. In the test phase, infants saw both new and old objects in both groups of two and three. The 9-month-olds discriminated number independent of whether the object was familiar or novel. In contrast, the 11- month-olds appeared to discriminate between the familiar and novel objects. And, the 13-month-olds exhibited a combination of these two patterns; they discriminated between the familiar and novel object when the number of objects was familiar, but not when the number of objects was novel. These data suggest that number is an easily abstracted construct and that early number representations do not contain any featural information. As infants get older, they begin to incorporate featural information into their representations, but they do so in a step-wise fashion, as demonstrated by the 13-month-olds. Therefore, featural information does not appear to be important for small number discrimination at early ages, but infants do begin to integrate featural information as they develop.
text

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Chien, Hung-Chin, et 簡宏晉. « The Study of Six Elementary School Teachers’ Number Sense Performance and Perception about Number Sense ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02132123560185703350.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士
國立嘉義大學
數學教育研究所(Graduate Institute of Mathematic Educa
98
The purposes of this study were to examine six elementary school teachers’ number sense performance when solving number sense related problems and their perceptions about number sense. The researcher designed the number sense tasks and related perception questions as the instruments via the semi-structured interview to collect data. The interview results indicated that: The results of teachers’ number sense performance showed that the participants have poor insight on numerical relations and do not perform well on the use of number sense methods. Moreover, the proportion on the use of rule-based methods was lower than the number sense methods. This demonstrated that participants were not limited by the rule-based methods comparatively. In addition, the number sense performance showed that participants who are not majored in mathematics have higher frequency on using number sense methods than participants majored in mathematics. However, the participants majored in mathematics showed that they have higher efficiency on using number sense methods to solve problems. The results of teachers’ perceptions about number sense showed that all the participants showed the positive influence on number sense to the mathematics learning. Furthermore, based on the understanding of the positive effects on number sense, five out of six of the participants expressed willingness to teach number sense in mathematics classes. However, referring to the number sense teaching, the participants concerned about the content of teaching materials and time limits of teaching hours. In addition, the results of interviews also indicated that there is a concern that the number sense was lacking publicity and therefore it is not emphasized by the educators in here.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

irene, togoli. « The number sense in the human brain ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1119013.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Humans and other species are endowed with perceptual mechanisms dedicated to estimating approximate quantity, an ability that has been defined as a sense of number. Converging evidence gathered from neurophysiological, behavioural and imaging studies, support the idea that this number sense has a truly abstract nature, being capable of encoding the numerosity of any set of discrete elements, displayed simultaneously or sequentially, and across different sensory modalities (Nieder et al., 2006; Piazza et al., 2006; Burr & Ross, 2008). It has been shown that numerosity, like most other primary visual attributes, is highly susceptible to adaptation: visually inspecting for a few seconds a large number of items, simultaneously presented, results in the perceived numerosity of a subsequent ensemble to be strongly underestimated, and vice-versa after adaptation to low numbers (Burr & Ross, 2008). Given that processing numerical information is also fundamental for the motor system to program sequences of self- movement, a further level of generalization of the number sense would be the possibility that a shared numerical representation exists between action and perception – that is, according to this view, the number sense would be generalized across presentation formats, sensory modalities, and perceptual and motor domains. In this work, we investigate numerosity perception within this theoretical framework. The first study was designed to investigate the perception of numerosity for stimuli presented sequentially by using an adaptation paradigm. This study tested whether, and to what extent, adaptation to a high or low number of events distorts the perceived numerosity of a subsequent sequence of visual events presented in the adapted location. In line with the typical dynamics of adaptation aftereffects, adapting to few events caused an overestimation of the perceived numerosity of the test stimuli, whilst adaptation to high-numerosity yielded a robustly underestimation. We further showed that adaptation effects transcend the sensory modality and presentation format: adapting to sequences of tones affected the perceived numerosity of a subsequently presented series of flashes (and vice versa), and adapting to sequences of flashes affected the perceived numerosity of spatial arrays of items. Similar results were obtained with tactile stimuli. Moreover, adaptation occurred only when test and adaptor positions were presented at the same location in spatiotopic (external world) coordinates, as demonstrated by introducing a saccadic eye movement between the offset of the adapting stimuli and the onset of the test stimuli (Arrighi et al., 2014). In the second part of this work, we present a subsequent work examining the possibility that the perceptual and the motor system might share a common numerical representation by using again the psychophysical technique of adaptation. In different sessions, we asked the subjects to produce either a fast (high number) or slow (low number) tapping routine. At the end of this adaptation phase subjects had to estimate the number of pulses presented sequentially, or of a cloud of dots simultaneously presented either on the same side where the motor actions were performed or on the opposite side. We found that motor adaptation strongly affected numerosity estimation of the test stimuli only when they were presented on the congruent side, with no effect when the visual stimuli were displayed on the neutral, not adapted, location. Moreover, to verify the robustness of the spatial selectivity, we repeated the experiment with a new subject pool, changing the tapping hand and location. Again, the spatial selectivity of the adaptation resulted to be in external – not hand-based – coordinates (Anobile, Arrighi et al., 2016). In the third part of this work we present another work where we evaluated the possibility that vision could drive the development of an external coordinate system for perceived numbers. In this study, congenitally blind (CB) and sighted controls (SC) were asked to evaluate the numerosity of sounds after performing either slow or fast motor adaptation (tapping), with the dominant hand, either in an uncrossed or in a crossed posture. Robust adaptation effects were observed in both groups of participants: an underestimation of the numerosity presented was observed after the execution of fast movements and an overestimation of the numerosity was observed after the execution of slow movements, in the crossed as well as in the uncrossed posture. Taken together, these results expand previous findings showing that adaptation to self-produced actions distorts perceived numerosity of sounds. Moreover, we demonstrate that visual experience is not necessary for the development of an external coordinate system for the shared numerical representation across action and perception. Finally, in the last part of this work, we examine the possibility of a common neural mechanism for different magnitude dimensions. Indeed, it has been recently proposed that space, time, and number might share a common representation in the human brain. For example, adaptation to visual motion affects both perceived position and duration of subsequent stimuli presented in the adapted location, suggesting that adaptation to visual motion distorts spatial maps as well as time processing (Johston et al. 2006, Burr et al., 2007; Fornaciai et al., 2016). In this study, we tested whether motion adaptation also affects perceived numerosity. Adaptation to fast translational motion yielded a significant reduction in the apparent numerosity of the adapted stimulus (of about 25%), while adaptation to slow translational or circular motion (both 20Hz and 5Hz) yielded a weaker but still significant compression of perceived numerosity. Our results generally support the idea of a common system for processing of space, time and number. However, as changes in perceived numerosity co-varied with both adapting motion profiles and speed, our evidence suggest a complex and asymmetric interactions between the representations of space, time and number in the brain. Taken together, the results obtained across these studies point to the existence of a generalized mechanism for numerical representation in the brain that is amodal, independent of the presentation format, shared between the perceptual and the motor systems, and based on external coordinate system.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

CASTALDI, ELISA. « Object segmentation and enumeration ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/860295.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Andrea, Maldonado Moscoso Paula. « Evidence on perceptual nature of the number sense, on groupitizing phenomenon and on the relationship between number sense, math abilities and math anxiety ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238434.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The present dissertation investigated visual perception of numerosity. In the first part I reviewed the prominent literature about the topic. In the second chapter I described the first experiment, in which I measured confidence and reaction times to study the origins of the well-established visual and motor adaptation effects on numerosity perception. The results reinforce the evidence for a shared mechanism that encodes the quantity of both internally and externally generated events, and shows that the adaptation effects result from changes in sensory encoding, rather than perceptual decisions. More generally, in the study was introduced a novel and useful technique for investigating the mechanisms of numerosity adaptation and sensory adaptation in general. The third chapter investigated the effects of grouping cues on sensory precision of numerosity estimation. The results provide strong evidence that “grouping”, which can improve performance by up to 20%, can be induced by color and/or spatial proximity and occurs in temporal sequences as well as spatial arrays. In the fourth chapter I further examined the groupitizing phenomenon, by testing the hypothesis that the advantage provided by clustering stimuli relies on subitizing. This was achieved by manipulating attention, which is known to strongly affect the subitizing system. In the same chapter I discussed an additional explorative analysis on the relationship between calculation skills and estimation precision of grouped and ungrouped arrays. Taken together, the results showed that groupitizing is truly an attention-based process that leverages on the subitizing system. Furthermore, the outcome of the study suggested that measuring numerosity estimation thresholds with grouped stimuli may be a sensitive correlate of math abilities. In the fifth chapter I went on investigating the neural correlates of the groupitizing phenomenon with both a behavioral and a fMRI study. Similarly to the previous study I measured acuity in estimation of grouped and ungrouped stimuli and additionally I also examined whether the two tasks shared or not the same neural substrate. The results showed that the estimation of grouped and ungrouped stimuli activates similar regions in the right lateralized fronto-parietal network, however, only the presentation of grouped stimuli in the numerosity task elicited the additional activation of regions linked with calculations strategies, for instance the angular gyrus. Moreover, a multivariate pattern analysis showed that parietal activation patterns for individual numerosities could be accurately decoded in the parietal regions independently of the spatial arrangement of the stimuli. Finally, I correlated fMRI decoding accuracy of primary visual areas and angular gyrus with Wfs calculated in the grouped estimation task. Results suggested that the numerical representation in angular gyrus, but not in primary visual areas, is strongly linked with numerical performance and behavior. Overall, the results confirmed psychophysical studies highlighting that groupitizing shares the same regions and neural pattern mechanism of the estimation of ungrouped stimuli, but, furthermore, it also activates brain regions typically activated during calculation tasks. The last part of the dissertation is dedicated to investigating the link between numerosity precision, math abilities and a non-cognitive factor affecting mathematical learning: mathematical anxiety. To this aim, university students with low (< 25th percentile) and high (> 75th percentile) score in the Abbreviate Math Anxiety Scale were tested in multiple domains: a) math proficiency assessed using a standardized test (Mathematics Prerequisite for Psychometrics), b) visuo-spatial attention capacity, measured via a Multiple Object Tracking task, and c) the sensory precision for non-numerical quantities. The results confirmed previous studies showing that math abilities and numerosity precision correlate in subjects with high math anxiety. Furthermore, neither precision in size-discrimination nor visuo-spatial attentional capacity were found to correlate with math capacities. However, within the group with high MA the data also revealed a relationship between numerosity precision and math anxiety, with math anxiety playing a key role in mediating the correlation between participants’ numerosity precision and their math achievement. Taken together, this last study suggests an interplay between extreme levels of MA and sensory precision in the processing of non-symbolic numerosity, giving further insight into the processes (and the variables affecting these processes) behind the acquisition of formal mathematical abilities. In conclusion, the present work assessed the ability to perceive non-symbolic quantities in adults while providing new experimental evidence suggesting its perceptual nature and its link with cognitive and affective factors.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Cannon, Erin N. « Infant number knowledge : a test of three theories ». 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2405.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

TURI, MARCO. « The role of attention on numerosity perception and number adaptation in adults, typical and atypical children ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/977992.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

There is considerable controversy as to how the brain extracts numerosity information from a visual scene and as to how much attention is needed for this process. Traditionally, it has been assumed that visual enumeration is subserved by two functionally distinct mechanisms: the fast and accurate apprehension of 1 to about 4 items, a process termed “subitizing”, and the slow and error-prone appraisal of larger numerosities referred to as “estimation”. Further to a functional dichotomy between these two mechanisms, an attentional dichotomy has been proposed. Subitizing has been thought of as a pre-attentive and parallel process, whereas estimation is supposed to require serial attention. In this thesis, the hypothesis of a parallel and pre-attentive subitizing mechanism was tested. In the first part of the thesis to this aim, the amount of attention that could be allocated to an Estimation task was experimentally manipulated. We shown that numerosity estimation is composed by different and separable, sub- systems. Results indicated that subitizing strongly depends on attentional resources, while estimation of larger quantities does not. Exactly the same results were found when the attentional resources dedicated to the visual numerical estimation task were limited on other sensory modalities: indeed visual, auditory and also haptic attentional load strongly and similarly impair visual subitizing but much less high numbers. We also demonstrated that visual adaptation to numerosity, absent in the subitizing range under normal condition, emerges under attentional load with a magnitude of the effect highly comparable to that measured for high numbers. Moreover we first demonstrate that the ability to accurately map numbers onto space also depends on attentional resources, showing that the assumption that performance on the ‘numberline task’ is the direct reflection of the internal numeric representation form could be misleading. In last part of the thesis we study how number adaptation affects number perception in two different population; high-functioning autistic and typically developing children. We demostrated that ASD children discriminated numerosity with the same precision as the typical children, but showed much less (about half) the levels of adaptation to number than the control group. These new results show that adaptation, processes, fundamental for efficient processing of variable sensory inputs, is diminished in autism.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Shinskey, Jeanne L. « Object permanence and knowledge of number in 5.5- and 10-month-old infants ». 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2301.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

MASI, CAMILLA. « Factors affecting bitterness perception and preference for coffee ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1037211.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The instinctive rejection of bitter taste has been crucial to the survival of our species and continues to influence food choices. In fact, the bitter taste receptors have evolved to protect the body from the ingestion of foods potentially harmful to health. However, some foods are widely consumed despite their high intensity of bitterness, for example coffee, one of the world’s most popular beverages. Coffee is drunk for its pleasant flavour and aroma as well as for the stimulatory properties arising from its caffeine content. Such properties, as well as the addition of sugar and/or milk, are most likely responsible for our learned preferences for coffee. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the preference patterns for coffee and the perception of its bitterness. For this purpose, factors relating to both the product – degree of roasting - and the individual - bitterness perception and caffeine metabolism rate - were studied. First, the effect of the roasting temperature on coffee sensory profile and preference was investigated, initially by describing the sensory properties of coffee brews prepared with both under-roasted (140-165°C) and standard roasted (220°C) beans. In addition, seventy-five coffee consumers rated their liking for unsweetened and freely sweetened under-roasted coffee samples. Increasing the bean processing temperature positively affected both the perceived intensity of some sensory attributes specific to coffee and also consumers’ liking. In particular, coffee processed at temperature higher than 150°C were described by the terms “coffee”, “roasted”, “burnt”. Furthermore, no significant differences in the intensity of these attributes were found between samples processed at temperatures higher than 155°C and samples roasted at the standard temperature. In general, samples processed at temperatures higher than 150°C were preferred. However, a subgroup of subjects who liked the samples roasted at lower temperatures was found. These subjects were on average less neophobic than the others, that is, more inclined to consume unfamiliar/unconventional foods. Later, the effects of bitterness sensitivity and caffeine metabolism rate on perception of, and liking for coffee were examined. One hundred and thirty-five regular coffee consumers participated in the study. Subjects were characterised in terms of bitterness sensitivity (fungiform papillae – FP - number and sensitivity to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil –PROP-); caffeine metabolism rate (slow and fast metabolizers); attitudes and food behaviour (frequency – number of coffees per day- and modality - black, with sugar, with milk- of coffee consumption; preference for and familiarity with bitter foods; self perceived effect of caffeine intake). Caffeine metabolism was investigated by competitive immuno-enzymatic assay. Subjects provided saliva samples after 12 hours of caffeine abstinence (T0) and at 30 and 90 minutes after ingestion of caffeine (100 mg). The individual caffeine metabolism rate in 90 minutes was expressed as a caffeine metabolism index (CmI), computed as the ratio between the amount of residual caffeine in saliva 60 minutes after the adsorption peak and the amount of caffeine at the adsorption peak corrected with the baseline. Subjects rated their liking for six unsweetened and freely sweetened coffee samples selected on the base of their roasting degree, caffeine content and bitterness. The immersive test technique was applied to evaluate the effect of the context on coffee liking. In particular, just before starting the test, subjects were asked to describe the most preferred situation for consuming coffee (time of the day, place, company, etc.) and to imagine that they were doing coffee tasting in that particular situation. In a separate session, subjects evaluated the sourness, bitterness and astringency in the coffee samples. Psychophysical curves were constructed for caffeine and quinine-HCl over 6 concentrations. No significant relationships were found between the FP number, the PROP taster status and the caffeine metabolism rate. Subgroups of subjects were identified based on these indices and differences in preference and sensory responses were explored independently in the subgroups. Both FP density and PROP taster status affected taste sensitivity for bitter compounds in general (caffeine; quinine-HCl) and the use of sugar in coffee. In particular, subjects with a higher FP number rated the bitterness of caffeine and quinine-HCl solutions and sourness of coffees stronger than subjects with a lower FP number. They also added more sugar to, and gave higher liking ratings for, the coffee samples. While coffee liking was unrelated to PROP taster status, PROP non-tasters added more sugar to the coffee samples than did PROP super-tasters. However, super-tasters rated sourness, bitterness and astringency as stronger than non-tasters, both in coffee samples and in standard solutions. Caffeine metabolism was related to bitterness perception both in coffee samples and in standard solutions of caffeine, but not of quinine-HCl. In particular, subjects with a lower caffeine metabolism index rated the bitterness of coffees and of caffeine solutions as stronger than subjects with a higher caffeine metabolism index. Moreover, they added more sugar in coffees and consumed less coffees daily. In general, the results demonstrate that even in high coffee consuming cultures such as Italy, there are clear sensory variations in the coffees that are consumed. Coffee consumption and preference, in terms of frequency and modality, are influenced both by the sensory properties of coffee and the psychological, physiological and metabolic characteristics of consumers. In the coffee production process, the roasting degree is a crucial step towards the development of the sensory properties affecting consumer preference. Furthermore, both the physiological indices – FP number and PROP taster status – and the caffeine metabolism rate play a significant role in taste sensitivity for bitter compounds in general and also in the preference for coffee with or without sugar.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Samson, Duncan Alistair. « An analysis of the influence of question design on pupils' approaches to number pattern generalisation tasks / ». 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1121/.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

« Perception is Reality : The Real Reasons Formative Assessment has not Thrived ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-08-1661.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore three questions regarding formative assessment (FA) and Student-Involved assessment strategies among five middle years teachers in Saskatoon Public Schools. The questions were one, what were the beliefs of the teachers regarding formative assessment and student involved assessment? as well as two, what were their perceptions about attitudes of students, parents, and the community about these innovative assessment practices? and thirdly, what did the teachers believe would support teachers in taking up formative assessment and student-involved assessment? The five participating teachers had varying lengths of service ranging from five to over twenty-five years. Teachers were interviewed in a semi-structured style during one forty-five minute interview, each. Teachers were provided with sample prompts in order to facilitate the conversation. Teachers reported using FA and student involved assessment strategies with mixed results. Teachers used strategies and modified them on occasion to suit the learning conditions, to allow for time constraints, or to accelerate the pace of instruction. Teachers also reported using FA and student-involved assessment strategies primarily in subject areas in which they felt most comfortable and relied on more traditional summative assessments in subject areas in which they were less comfortable. Teachers stated there were varying degrees of support from colleagues, school based administrators, and school division consultants. The support generally disappeared if the school based administrator whose emphasis was FA and student-involved assessment left the school for a different assignment. Some participants reported taking initiative to pursue FA of their own accord, but were left to roll out the initiative on their own. Teachers described mixed results with other stakeholders in these processes as well. Generally parents and students were less interested in FA and student-involved assessment and showed a preference for summative evaluations such as percentages and letter grades. Implications of these findings are that teachers are not appropriately trained in student assessment and support for formative assessment is inconsistent. Students are often omitted from the unpacking of curricula, are not accountable for collection of their own assessment data and are not held responsible to act upon any formative assessment feedback in order to improve their learning. This study led to the following definition of formative assessment: formative assessment is the demonstration by students they can act upon descriptive feedback to show they have achieved a learning outcome regardless of mode (oral, written, performance, etc.).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Chen, Hsiao-Ping, et 陳曉屏. « The short-term effects of varying number and location of active electrodes on Mandarin tone perception in young Nucleus 24 CI users ». Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53643341033809566658.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士
國立台北護理學院
聽語障礙科學研究所
91
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effects of varying the number and location of programmed electrodes on Mandarin tone perception in young children using CI 24 implants. Materials and methods: Six children using Nucleus CI 24 (2 boys and 4 girls, aged from 6 to 8) participated in this study. They all have 19 or more functioning, programmable electrodes in their MAP. Mandarin tone perception of each subject was assessed by using a self-designed word list containing 80 words under six different MAP conditions. The MAP conditions are: (1) All: the subject’s current MAP (2) Half: eliminate the even number of active electrodes (3) -6B: eliminate the most basal 5 electrodes (4) -6A: eliminate the most apical five electrodes (5) +6A: eliminate all electrodes except the most apical 6 ones. (6) +3A: eliminate all electrodes with only the apical 3 electrodes programmed. Results: The mean score of Mandarin tone perception of all subjects using their current MAPs is 89.8. Reducing the number of active electrode caused a small but significant decrease in performance. The mean scores are 83.8, 82.1 and 71.7 for Half, -6A and -6B conditions respectively. There was no significant difference in performance between -6B and -6A conditions. When the numbers of active electrode dropped to 6 and 3 (+3 A and +6A), the score decreased further. However, even in the +3A condition, a relative high correct level (57.3%) of tone recognition can be achieved. For each individual tone, the scores for tone 1 and tone 4 are significantly higher than tone 2 and tone 3 under All, Half, -6A and +6A conditions. Comparing tone perception with word recognition, reducing the number of active electrodes had a much more negative effect on word recognition. Conclusions: A small but significant decrease in Mandarin tone perception was observed when the numbers of active electrode were reduced in children using CI 24 implants. However, a relative high correct level can be maintained even when they can use only 3 or 6 apical electrodes. The location of the electrode, whether apical or basal, did not appear to be important in tone perception. Tone recognition is far more resistant than word recognition to the negative effects of reducing the number of active programmable electrodes.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

YEN, HSING-YI, et 顏杏宜. « A Study of the relationships between elementary-school students’ perception of whole-number combination regularities in calculator settings and their problem solving strategies ». Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13983419181811338934.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士
臺中師範學院
國民教育研究所
91
The main purposes of this study were to examine elementary-school-students’ perception of whole-number combination regularities using calculators and to analyze the relationships between to number combination regularities perceived and the problem-solving strategies used by the students. The study adopted the qualitative approach. Six second-graders were chosen as subjects in this study. The researcher collected the data from interviews and observations for eight weeks. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1.Use of calculators helped the subjects perceive the regularity between the whole-number combination questions and their answers. 2.It was easy to perceive the regularity of successive adding-tens, while the regularity of successive adding-nines, and the regularity of compensation could be observed in accompanying with the researcher’s induction. 3.In light of the subject’s involvement in the actions about perceived the rules of whole-number, the subjects performed differently in solving realistic problems. It did not help to solve realistic problems if the subjects could only perceive the regularity of the number change in successive adding-nines or successive subtracting-nines questions. However, it was beneficial for the subjects to deal with second-added-unknown questions after the subjects were able to perceive the regularity of compensation.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Stetter, Kim Larissa. « The influence of number of channels on consumer’s brand perceptions : a comparison across different generations and their attitudes ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26963.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the last decade, new retail approaches have arisen and companies have enlarged their shopping channel portfolio. The variety ranges from solely a website to a huge diversified offer including e.g. store, catalog, website, and app, to fulfill the needs of potential customer and keep pace with their competitors. As consumers become more accustomed to using several channels due to the numerous opportunities they can select from, and companies have to invest high amounts into their channel management, an increasing importance can be attributed to the comprehension of the channel number impact. This dissertation investigates the shopping channel offer influence on brand perception in connection with different generations, channel attitudes, shopping orientations and product involvement in an appealing branch. The results indicate a general preference for higher channel quantity, based on a higher channel offer leading to higher brand perception. High product involvement increases the need for more channels. Furthermore, divergences occur in shopping orientation and channel attitudes by comparing different generations. Brand perception is also directly impacted by the different generations and high involvement products. Therefore, retailers need to offer consumers an adequate number of channels, especially in a high involvement industry, and target the generations properly by taking their own shopping orientations and channel attitudes into account.
Na última década, surgiram novas abordagens de retalho e as empresas diversificaram o portefólio de canais de compras. A variedade varia entre um único website a uma vasta oferta diversificada, p.e. loja, catálogo, website e aplicação, para atender às necessidades dos potenciais clientes e acompanhar a concorrência. À medida que os consumidores se acostumam a utilizar vários canais, devido às inúmeras oportunidades à sua disposição, e as empresas precisam de elevados investimentos na gestão dos seus canais, a compreensão do impacto do número de canais assume uma importância cada vez maior. Esta dissertação investiga a influência da oferta de canais de vendas na perceção de marcas relativamente às diferentes gerações, atitudes em relação ao canal, orientações de compra e envolvimento do produto num ramo apelativo. Os resultados indicam uma preferência geral por uma maior quantidade de canais, já que uma elevada oferta de canais leva a maior perceção da marca. O elevado envolvimento do produto aumenta a necessidade em possuir mais canais. Além disso, as divergências ocorrem na orientação de compra e atitudes relativamente ao canal ao comparar diferentes gerações. A perceção de marca sofre igualmente o impacto direto das diferentes gerações e elevado envolvimento dos produtos. Assim, os retalhistas precisam de oferecer aos consumidores um elevado número de canais, particularmente numa indústria de elevado envolvimento, e visar adequadamente as gerações, tendo em conta as suas próprias orientações de compra e atitudes relativamente ao canal.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Montana, Angela Phillibeth. « 'Nothing but a number' : the experiences of young South African men in age-disparate relationships with older women ». Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26690.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The phenomenon of age-disparate relationships between younger men and older women is relatively under- researched and therefore open to misunderstanding. The common assumption is that the younger men enter these relationships with a view to benefiting in terms of money or material goods. This qualitative study explored the experiences of five young men from around Pretoria who are in relationships with older women to understand their motivations for entering into those relationships and their experiences in the relationships. The in-depth interviews were thematically analysed and themes that emerged indicated that, unlike what has previously been found among young women who are in relationships with older men (namely that the young women are often coerced and therefore do not have much power in their relationships), the young men entered the relationships willingly and rely on cultural norms that allow them to navigate and negotiate their roles in the relationships. It is therefore recommended that age-disparate relationships not be discouraged; instead, interventions should focus on assisting young people develop agentic power in such relationships.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Ming, Chen Chun, et 陳俊銘. « The Influence of Sender's Expertise and Number of Messages on the Acceptance of Word-of-Mouth, Consumer's Perception and Purchasing Intention ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63582357958408044748.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士
國立聯合大學
管理碩士學位學程
97
Abstract The developed information technology today makes people easier to share information with others. People not only talk face to face, but also communicate through weblog and instant messaging. Consumers usually share their own experiences with friends and family during the conversation, the process of sharing experiences is called "Word-Of-Mouth". Many literatures had studied the antecedents that affect the formation and transmission of word-of-mouth, but they didn’t discuss whether consumers believe these messages or not. This research will be different from the other antecedents of word-of-mouth. We use tie strength between consumers and senders as the moderating variables in discussing the impact of sender’s expertise and the number of message on the consumer’s acceptance of word-of-mouth. Meanwhile, we discuss whether if a consumer’s acceptance of word-of-mouth will affect perceived risk, perceived value and perceived quality, and further to discuss if it will affect consumer's purchase intention or not. The research results are: (1) Both sender’s expertise and the number of message can enhance a consumer’s acceptance of word-of-mouth. (2) Tie strength can interfere with expertise of sender and cues with word-of-mouth acceptance of consumer. (3) The influence to word-of-mouth acceptance of consumer with perceived of consumer. (4) The influence to word-of-mouth acceptance of consumer and perceived value of consumer with purchase intention. The research put forward the suggestion of practical by the conclusions list below: (1) Having good relations with experts; (2) By using the slogan, consumers can be a good sender for the cooperate; (3) Make the best use of tie strength.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

蔣鳳勝. « The Research on their Perception, their Attitude, and the Possible Problems after the Implementation to the Citizens of Banqiao City toward the Fee Collection Method of by the Number of Bags of Wastes Disposed ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42512401229235261913.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
環境教育研究所
98
In many cities of modernized countries, the fee for waste collection has changed from the original combine with the water usage to PAYT (or Pay As You Throw). In Taiwan, only Taipei City, 6 townships in Taipei County, and Shihkang Township in Taichung County have adopted to the PAYT methods, all other regions are still collecting the waste management fee along with their water usage fee. Foreign research literatures already confirmed the fact that change the waste management fee collection to PAYT can further help in “Waste Reduction” and justify the pay-per-use concept. The purpose of this research was to discuss the possibility of Banqiao City, under its current condition, whether it could implement the PAYT policy effectively and successfully like Taipei City and those 6 townships in Taipei County, and the possible problems it might caused after implementation. This research also tried to understand the willingness and satisfaction of the Banqiao Citizens on the current waste management fee collection method, as well as their perception, knowledge, attitude and behavior preference toward PAYT and other types of fee collection methods. We then tried to predict the preferred preference behavior of the Banqiao Citizen on the PAYT and other types of fee collection methods. This information could provide useful reference to the City of Banqiao and related departments from other regions on the waste management fee collection methods. This research found out that only 13% of the publics preferred the current method of combining the waste management collection fee with their water usage fee; and 48% of the publics would choose PAYT. The majority of the publics were willing to pay “Monthly Waste Management Fee under NTD$100”. Most of the Banqiao citizens were aware of the waste recycling situation in Banqiao City and were willing to conduct waste recycling duty. However, during our interviews, we found out that the “51 ~ 61” age group significantly aware and support the policy than the “21 ~ 30” age group. The publics all acknowledged on environmental friendly, environmental living quality, fined for pollution, and waste reduction and recycle. However, the publics showed hesitation in questions regarding paying “Waste Management Fee” and “Fuel Tax for Motorized Vehicles”. About 60% of the publics answered incorrectly in environmental concepts knowledge. The publics were also lacking activeness in “Environmental Actions”, though 60% of the publics expressed “Needs to improve my habits on waste management, and I will support PAYT”. In the area of improving the waste management fee collection method policy, the publics selected in priority of the following: “Improve the cleanness of the environment”, “Improve the health condition of our next generation”, “Help reduce waste and improve recycling”, and “Justify fee collection”. In the area of “The difficulties encountered after implementing PAYT”, the publics selected in priority of the following: “lack of counseling personnel”, “people not complying”, “low participation from the citizens”, “lack of professional personnel”. Key words: PAYT (Pay As You Throw), waste reduction and recycling, environmental literacy, environmental value and attitude, environmental action

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Gonçalves, Sérgio Alberto Correia. « A empatia percepcionada pelo doente segundo o número de consultas de Medicina Geral e Familiar realizadas no último ano ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82598.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
ResumoIntrodução: No momento da entrevista clínica, a empatia assume-se como um factor importante na relação médico-doente. Nessa relação empática, o médico aprofunda os factores de risco, sintomas e problemas de cada doente e confere ao doente, satisfação e confiança no médico, aumentando dessa maneira a adesão ao plano terapêutico. A empatia médica, por outro lado, proporciona maior realização profissional médica e consequentemente, diminuição do risco de stresse. É importante avaliar a empatia na relação médico-doente, mas interessa também saber se esta tem influência no número de consultas realizadas, podendo dessa forma aumentar ou diminuir os custos relativos com a saúde.Objectivo: Avaliar a empatia percepcionada pelo doente na relação médico-doente e fazer a correlação com número de consultas de Medicina Geral e Familiar realizadas no último ano.Métodos: Num estudo observacional e transversal, foi aplicado o questionário Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE), à saída da consulta com o médico de medicina geral e familiar, durante os meses de Agosto, Setembro e Outubro de 2016. A amostra de conveniência foi constituída por 115 utentes da Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF) Topázio em Eiras, 46 homens e 69 mulheres. Simultaneamente foram registados os dados de cada utente relativamente à idade, sexo, grau de instrução, médico assistente, número de doenças crónicas e número de consultas realizadas no último ano. Posteriormente, os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e inferencial.Resultados: Em relação ao JSPPPE, os doentes com duas ou menos consultas deram em 71,4% dos casos respostas máximas em todas as perguntas, no caso dos doentes com três a cinco consultas e superior à seis consultas, as respostas foram de 70,7% e 61,1% respectivamente.A pergunta 5 – É um médico que me compreende? – tem a melhor resposta nos grupos de doentes com duas consultas ou menos (85,7%) e com mais de seis consultas (77,8%), no grupo entre três e cinco consultas foi a pergunta 1 – Consegue compreender as coisas na minha perspectiva? - que teve melhores respostas (82,9%).Nos três grupos de doentes, a pergunta 2 – Pergunta acerca do que está a acontecer na minha vida? – foi a que teve piores respostas, 76,8% nas pessoas com 2 ou menos consultas, 73,2% entre três e cinco consultas e 61,1% com seis ou mais consultas.Havia diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre número de consultas e a idade (mais idade correspondendo a mais consultas, p=0,001), número de doenças crónicas (mais doenças crónicas correspondendo a mais consultas, p<0,001) e sexo (mulheres mais consumidoras de consultas, p=0,009). A correlação entre os resultados obtidos pelo JSPPPE e o número de consultas indicou não haver diferenças significativas (p=0,665).Discussão e Conclusão: Apesar de limitado a apenas uma USF e amostra de conveniência, o presente estudo mostra que estes doentes estão numa relação empática com o seu médico de família. Verificou-se que há um maior número de consultas em utentes do sexo feminino, com mais de 50 anos e com mais de duas doenças crónicas. Deste estudo, concluiu-se que não há diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o número de consultas médicas durante um ano e a empatia na relação médico-doente, ou seja, a relação empática não parece influenciar o aumento ou diminuição das consultas que por sua vez poderia influenciar os custos em saúde.
AbstractBackground: At the time of the clinical interview, empathy is assumed to be an important factor in the doctor-patient relationship. In this empathic relationship, the doctor deepens the risk factors, symptoms and problems of each patient and gives the patient satisfaction and confidence in the doctor, thus increasing adherence to the therapeutic plan. Medical empathy, on the other hand, provides greater medical professional achievement and consequently, reduced risk of stress. It is important to evaluate empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, but it is also important to know if it has an influence on the number of consultations performed, thereby increasing or decreasing health-related costs.Objectives: To evaluate the empathy perceived by the patient in the doctor-patient relationship and to correlate with the number of General and Family Medicine consultations carried out in the last year.Methods: In an observational and cross-sectional study, the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) questionnaire was applied after the consultation with general practitioner and family physician during the months of August, September and October 2016. The sample of convenience was constituted by 115 users of the Topázio Family Health Unit (USF) in Eiras, 46 men and 69 women. At the same time, each patient's data regarding age, sex, educational level, medical assistant, number of chronic diseases and number of consultations carried out in the last year were recorded. Subsequently, the data were treated with descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: For patients with two or fewer consultations, 71.4% of the patients presented maximal responses in all questions, and in the case of patients with three to five consultations and six patients, the responses were 70, 7% and 61.1%, respectively.Question 5 – My doctor is an understanding doctor? - has the best response in groups of patients with two or fewer consultations (85.7%) and with more than six consultations (77.8%), in the group of three to five consultations was question 1 – My doctor can view thing from my perspective? - which had better answers (82.9%).In the three groups of patients, question 2 – My doctor asks about what happening in my daily life? - was the one with the worst answers, 76.8% in people with 2 or fewer consultations, 73.2% in three to five consultations, and 61.1% in six or more consultations.There were statistically significant differences between the number of consultations and the age (more age corresponding to more consultations, p = 0.001), number of chronic diseases (more chronic diseases corresponding to more consultations, p <0.001) and sex (women who consumed more consultations, p = 0.009). The correlation between the results obtained by the JSPPPE and the number of consultations indicated that there were no significant differences (p = 0.665).Discussion and Conclusion: Although limited to only one USF and convenience sample, the present study demonstrated that patients are in an empathic relationship with their GP. It was verified that there is a greater number of consultations in female users, more than 50 years old and with more than two chronic diseases. From this study, it was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between the number of medical consultations during one year and the empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, that is, the empathic relationship does not seem to influence the increase or decrease of the consultations that could in turn Health costs.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

FORNACIAI, MICHELE. « Sensory mechanisms for the processing of spatial, temporal and numerical information ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1028830.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Despite decades of research concerning the sensory mechanisms for the processing of spatial, temporal and numerical information, several points still remain subject of debate. In this work, we will report a series of studies aimed at providing new evidence regarding the sensory mechanisms specific for the processing of space, time and number, and also to investigate the possibility that a common magnitude system might play a role in their processing. In the first part of the work, we examine the disruptive perceptual effects during eye movements (“saccades”), affecting the representation of space. Such distortion of space, thought to be related to the ocular-motor parameters and linked to visual stability processes, is not usually observed under normal viewing conditions – which give rise to the possibility that it could be due at least in part to the saccade automaticity and stereotyping reached in the typical experimental paradigms. Our results, however, showed that the pattern of saccadic effects was only marginally affected by practice over the course of the experiment and that performance of experts remained similar when tested in a condition leading to less stereotypical saccades. These results indicate that perisaccadic compression is a robust behavior, insensitive to the specific paradigm and to the level of practice with the saccade task. In the second part, we will report two studies concerning the perception of time. In the first study we investigated the effect of motion adaptation on apparent time (i.e. the observation that adapting to fast motion causes a reduction in perceived duration of the subsequent stimuli), which has been previously tested using only simple translational motion. Our results showed that the adaptation-induced compression of time is specific for translational motion, while adaptation to complex motion, either circular or radial, did not affect perceived duration of subsequently viewed stimuli. These results show that such effect occurs only for uni-directional translational motion, ruling out the possibility that the neural mechanisms of the adaptation occur at early levels of visual processing. In the second study, we investigated the predictions of a recent model concerning time perception (the State-Dependent Network model), to test whether it could be extended to different sensory modalities. Our results showed that, while some of the constrains might be variable according to the specific sensory modality tested, the general predictions of the model hold under different circumstances. In the third part, we will present a study concerning the perception of numerosity, and the idea of number as a primary perceptual feature. Recent works showed that like other perceptual attributes, numerosity is susceptible to adaptation, but this idea has been challenged claiming that adaptation may operate via related mechanisms, such as texture-density. To disentangle this issue we measured the effect of adaptation on clouds of connected-dots (creating a robust underestimation of numerosity) and unconnected dots. We showed that adaptation to the same number of dots as the test causes robust adaptation of the connected, but not of the unconnected dot-pattern, suggesting that adaptation occurs at neural levels encoding perceived numerosity, rather than at lower levels responding to the number of elements in the scene. Finally, in the fourth part, we investigated the possibility of a generalized magnitude system. To find further evidence for such system, we tested the effect of motion adaptation on perceived numerosity, as it as been previously tested on perceived time. Our results showed a partially similar pattern of results, suggesting a common general system, but showing also that mechanisms for time and numerosity could partially different. In the second study, we investigated the interplay between space and time – namely, the possibility to exploit spatial information to improve temporal judgments. Our results showed that such interplay is actually possible: providing additional information about where an event is bound to happen, improve the temporal resolution in judging when the event will happen – which supports the idea that such magnitudes might be encoded within a common metric. We also tested the possibility of exploiting timing information (audio-visual asynchrony) to perform spatial judgments concerning size and distance in depth, but without finding any influence of such cues on visual size and distance judgments. Although we could not completely rule out this possibility, our results suggest that the influence of timing cues would not be as strong as other visual cues, and so it might be limited to a small range of circumstances. We conclude that: (1) saccadic distortions and are not a by-product of specific methodologies, but are strictly related to saccade ocular-motor parameters; (2) time perception is supported by a distributed mechanism, deeply rooted into the sensory streams; (3) numerosity is a primary perceptual attribute, and numerosity adaptation acts via number-specific mechanisms; (4) space, time and number might be processed by a generalized magnitude system with a common metric, but their processing could exploit partially different mechanisms.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Thèses sur le sujet « Number perception »

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres