Articles de revues : « NucS »

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Gandra, Eliezer Avila, Maria Aparecida Fernandez, Jorge Adolfo Silva et Wladimir Padilha da Silva. « Detection by multiplex PCR of Staphylococcus aureus , S. intermedius and S. hyicus in artificially contaminated milk ». Ciência Rural 46, n^o 8 (29 avril 2016) : 1418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151391.

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ABSTRACT: This research aimed to detect coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) directly in samples of artificially contaminated milk, using multiplex PCR (mPCR). Standard and isolated bacterial strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli species were used, evaluating the specificity and detection limit of mPCR, for artificially contaminated UHT milk. Primers specific for the nuc gene (NUC1-NUC2 were used for S. aureus, NUC3-NUC4 for S. hyicus and NUC5-NUC6 for S. intermedius). It was possible to detect the three target species by mPCR, directly from bovine whole milk, with adequate specificity and acceptable detention limit for identification of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) in foods. The specificity was determined by the amplification of species-specific fragments, and the detection limit was assessed by the detection thresholds obtained for the three species (103 CFU mL-1). From these results, the mPCR described, with the proposed set of primers, has the potential for use in precise identification and differentiation between CPSs in milk samples.

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Baa-Poku, F., et I. K. Asante. « Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (NUCS) in some farming communities in the Upper Afram and Upper Dayi River Basins in Ghana ». International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, n^o 2 (11 juillet 2020) : 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i2.89.

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The study examined Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (NUCS) in two agro-ecologically diverse zones in Ghana with the view to highlighting the varieties, their important benefits and uses among rural households in the Upper Afram and Upper Dayi basins. Qualitative data was gathered from two hundred and seventy-one (271) respondents in six farming communities within the middle belt of Ghana through focused group discussions, interviews and questionnaires. A total of one hundred and twelve (112) NUCS were identified during the study. The diversity of NUCS in the study areas provide an indication of the existence of a valuable plant resource that can be exploited to help address food inadequacy challenges among rural households within the Upper Afram and Upper Dayi basins. Apart from their use as food, medicine, dyes, soap making, fuel wood and livestock feed, some NUCS found within the study basins play very important roles in the cultural practices and traditional ceremonies. These findings demonstrate the untapped potential of NUCS in addressing food and nutritional insecurity among rural households in the country. Institution of regular NUCS focused food fairs at the local (village), district and regional levels to promote local dishes prepared from the indigenous food crops; as well as increased NUCS related research are recommended. Citation: F. Baa-Poku and I. K. Asante. Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (NUCS) in some farming communities in the Upper Afram and Upper Dayi River Basins in Ghana, 2020; 5(2): 48－63. Received: April 3, 2020 Accepted: June 30, 2020

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Cebrián-Sastre, Esmeralda, Isabel Martín-Blecua, Sonia Gullón, Jesús Blázquez et Alfredo Castañeda-García. « Control of Genome Stability by EndoMS/NucS-Mediated Non-Canonical Mismatch Repair ». Cells 10, n^o 6 (25 mai 2021) : 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061314.

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The DNA repair endonuclease EndoMS/NucS is highly conserved in Archaea and Actinobacteria. This enzyme is able to recognize and cleave dsDNA carrying a mismatched base pair, and its activity is enhanced by the interaction with the sliding clamp of the replisome. Today, EndoMS/NucS has been established as the key protein of a non-canonical mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, acting specifically in the repair of transitions and being essential for maintaining genome stability. Despite having some particularities, such as its lower activity on transversions and the inability to correct indels, EndoMS/NucS meets the main hallmarks of a MMR. Its absence leads to a hypermutator phenotype, a transition-biased mutational spectrum and an increase in homeologous recombination. Interestingly, polymorphic EndoMS/NucS variants with a possible effect in mutation rate have been detected in clinical isolates of the relevant actinobacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Considering that MMR defects are often associated with the emergence of resistant bacteria, the existence of EndoMS/NucS-defective mutators could have an important role in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis. Therefore, a further understanding of the EndoMS/NucS-mediated non-canonical MMR pathway may reveal new strategies to predict and fight drug resistance. This review is focused on the recent progress in NucS, with special emphasis on its effect on genome stability and evolvability in Actinobacteria.

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Zhang, Yanjun, et Shengyou Huang. « Exploring the Binding Mechanism and Dynamics of EndoMS/NucS to Mismatched dsDNA ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 20 (17 octobre 2019) : 5142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205142.

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The well-known mismatch repair (MMR) machinery, MutS/MutL, is absent in numerous Archaea and some Bacteria. Recent studies have shown that EndoMS/NucS has the ability to cleave double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) containing a mismatched base pair, which suggests a novel mismatch repair process. However, the recognition mechanism and the binding process of EndoMS/NucS in the MMR pathway remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the binding dynamics of EndoMS/NucS to mismatched dsDNA and its energy as a function of the angle between the two C-terminal domains of EndoMS/NucS, through molecular docking and extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that there exists a half-open transition state corresponding to an energy barrier (at an activation angle of approximately 80 ∘ ) between the open state and the closed state, according to the energy curve. When the angle is larger than the activation angle, the C-terminal domains can move freely and tend to change to the open state (local energy minimum). Otherwise, the C-terminal domains will interact with the mismatched dsDNA directly and converge to the closed state at the global energy minimum. As such, this two-state system enables the exposed N-terminal domains of EndoMS/NucS to recognize mismatched dsDNA during the open state and then stabilize the binding of the C-terminal domains of EndoMS/NucS to the mismatched dsDNA during the closed state. We also investigate how the EndoMS/NucS recognizes and binds to mismatched dsDNA, as well as the effects of K + ions. The results provide insights into the recognition and binding mechanisms of EndoMS/NucS to mismatched dsDNA in the MMR pathway.

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Singh, Ajeet, Amit Kumar Bundela et Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash. « Nutritional, Ethnomedicinal, and Agricultural Significance of Neglected and Underutilized Crops from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India ». Agronomy 13, n^o 9 (4 septembre 2023) : 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092318.

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Meeting food and nutritional security needs for a growing population is a global sustainability challenge due to the heavy reliance on a few cultivated crops for dietary requirements across the world. To ensure local food security, it is imperative to diversify dietary options with locally available, neglected, and underutilized crops (NUCs) with nutritional and biocultural significance. In this context, the present study aims to explore the role of NUCs for nutritional, ethnomedicinal, and agricultural relevance in two districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, i.e., Mirzapur and Sonebhadra. Extensive field surveys were conducted in the study sites, and a total of 445 local respondents were interviewed based on structured questionnaires for calculating ethnobotanical indices, i.e., relative frequency of citation (RFC), frequency of citation (FC), use report (UR), and cultural importance index (CI) of NUCs. The study identified 116 NUCs belonging to 55 families and 103 genera. All reported NUCs had medicinal value; 55 were edible and used as food; and 41 had agricultural significance. Leaves were the most commonly used plant parts for medicinal purposes, followed by roots and stems, whereas flowers were the least commonly used parts. NUCs were used by the locals for their medicinal properties to treat various ailments, such as skin and eye problems, headaches, and liver problems. They were administered as decoction, paste, vapor inhalation, fruit juice, and poultice. The RFC, FC, UR, and CI values of the NUCs were in the range of 12 to 365, 0.03 to 0.82, 12 to 394, and 0.03 to 0.89, respectively. Fruits were the most commonly consumed part, followed by leaves, tubers, pods, and aerial bulbs, whereas the mode of consumption was stir-fry, soup, vegetables, salad, or in raw form. NUCs were bestowed with essential macro- and micronutrients and were found in the range of Ca (3.79–1147.3), K (2.6–1600.3), Mg (0.8–468.0), Na (0.4–270.8), P (1.15–305), Fe (0.1–327.6), Zn (0.1–84.6), Cu (0.047–33.3), Mn (0.1–62.3) mg/100 g, and vitamins like ascorbic acid (0.04–1561.1), thiamine (0.041–2.4), and β-Carotene (0.2–93.6) mg/100 g. These NUCs were cultivated in different settings, such as kitchen gardens, backyard gardens, border crops, and sometimes agricultural fields. The current study reveals the rich diversity and varied use of these NUCs with respect to their ethnomedicinal, nutritional, and agricultural relevance. Sustainable utilization with large-scale cultivation of promising NUCs can lead to local food security and the subsequent attainment of the associated UN Sustainable Development Goals.

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Battistella, Sara, Alberto Zanetto, Martina Gambato, Giacomo Germani, Marco Senzolo, Patrizia Burra et Francesco Paolo Russo. « The Role of Antiviral Prophylaxis in Preventing HBV and HDV Recurrence in the Setting of Liver Transplantation ». Viruses 15, n^o 5 (23 avril 2023) : 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051037.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a prevalent underlying disease, leading to liver transplantation (LT) for both decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) affects approximately 5–10% of HBsAg carriers, accelerating the progression of liver injury and HCC. The initial introduction of HBV immunoglobulins (HBIG), and then of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs), considerably improved the survival of HBV/HDV patients post-transplantation, as they helped prevent re-infection of the graft and recurrence of liver disease. Combination therapy with HBIG and NUCs is the primary post-transplant prophylaxis strategy in patients transplanted for HBV- and HDV-related liver disease. However, monotherapy with high-barrier NUCs, such as entecavir and tenofovir, is safe and also effective in some individuals who are at low risk of HBV reactivation. To address the problems of organ shortage, last-generation NUCs have facilitated the use of anti-HBc and HBsAg-positive grafts to meet the ever-increasing demand for grafts.

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Lee, Pei-Chang, Yee Chao, Ming-Huang Chen, Keng-Hsin Lan, I.-Cheng Lee, Ming-Chih Hou et Yi-Hsiang Huang. « Risk of HBV reactivation in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma ». Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, n^o 2 (août 2020) : e001072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001072.

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BackgroundImmunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is a promising treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether ICIs would have the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and the necessary of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) prophylaxis are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of NUCs prophylaxis in HBV-infected patients who underwent ICIs treatment.MethodsThe study was a retrospective prospective design to review and follow-up consecutive 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B or resolved HBV infection who had received ICIs treatment for the unresectable HCC. Of them, 60 patients with documented baseline serum HBV DNA value were classified into three categories according to the baseline HBV viral load and the status of antiviral therapy before ICI treatment. The clinical status, including tumor response, viral kinetics and liver function, was recorded and investigated.ResultsNo HBV reactivation occurred in the 35 patients with HBV DNA ≤100 IU/mL on NUCs therapy. Of the 19 patients with HBV DNA >100 IU/mL who started NUCs simultaneously with ICI treatment, none encountered HBV reactivation during the immunotherapy. Of the six HBV patients without NUCs treatment, three had a greater than 1 log decrease in HBV viral load, and one maintained his serum HBV DNA in undetectable status during ICI treatment. Eventually, one out of six experienced HBV reactivation after 9 weeks of ICI treatment.ConclusionNo patients on antiviral therapy developed HBV reactivation, and one out of six not receiving antiviral therapy had HBV reactivation. HBV viral load higher than 100 IU/mL is safe and not a contraindication for ICI treatment for HCC, if NUCs can be coadministrated.

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Ellis, J. D. « Using Nucs in Beekeeping Operations ». EDIS 2019, n^o 5 (20 septembre 2019) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in869-2019.

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This revised 9-page illustrated fact sheet by James D. Ellis discusses the merits of using nucleus colonies, or nucs, which are smaller versions of full-sized Langstroth hives. The publication explains how to create and manage nucs and how to use them to control swarming, strengthen production colonies, re-queen hives, hive swarms, produce queens to sell to other beekeepers, and in general strengthen and expand a beekeeping operation. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in869 Original Publication: Ellis, James, and Catherine Nalen. 2010. “The Advantages of Using Nucs in Beekeeping Operations”. EDIS 2010 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/118804.

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Creze, Christophe, Roxane Lestini, Joelle Kühn, Alessio Ligabue, Hubert F. Becker, Mirjam Czjzek, Didier Flament et Hannu Myllykallio. « Structure and function of a novel endonuclease acting on branched DNA substrates ». Biochemical Society Transactions 39, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2011) : 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390145.

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Branched DNA structures that occur during DNA repair and recombination must be efficiently processed by structure-specific endonucleases in order to avoid cell death. In the present paper, we summarize our screen for new interaction partners for the archaeal replication clamp that led to the functional characterization of a novel endonuclease family, dubbed NucS. Structural analyses of Pyrococcus abyssi NucS revealed an unexpected binding site for ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) that directs, together with the replication clamp, the nuclease activity of this protein towards ssDNA–dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) junctions. Our studies suggest that understanding the detailed architecture and dynamic behaviour of the NucS (nuclease specific for ssDNA)–PCNA (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen) complex with DNA will be crucial for identification of its physiologically relevant activities.

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Djuma, Agustina W., Sherly Dewu, Ayorince Herlinalt Gloria Banunu, Norma T. Kambuno et Aldiana Astuti. « HBsAg Status, Molecular Detection and Therapy Evaluation of Hepatitis B Patient ». JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 21, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2023) : 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol21.iss4.1110.

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The management of chronic hepatitis B involves various therapeutic approaches, including nucleotide analogs (NUCs) and pegylated-interferon alpha (peg-IFN), either in isolation or in combination. Reverse transcriptase enzyme is competitively inhibited by NUCs, which effectively suppresses HBV replication and lowers viral load. Concerning their cost-effectiveness, high response rates, low side effects, and oral administration, NUCs are recommended. Prolonged use, particularly of NUCs with a low genetic barrier or as monotherapy, can, however, lead to resistance, long-term safety issues, and the need for ongoing treatment. Physicians and other healthcare professionals are extremely concerned about the emergence of resistance and possible safety concerns related to the long-term use of NUCs. Moreover, the requirement for continuous therapy presents notable obstacles concerning patient adherence, distribution of healthcare resources, and overall economic viability. To clarify these problems and direct the creation of more potent and long-lasting treatment plans for chronic hepatitis B, urgent research is required. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection is frequently accomplished via the use of the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA), which is a crucial early serologic marker for screening and diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular testing is employed to confirm the presence of HBsAg. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was the technique we utilized to verify the outcomes. Twenty-eight of the HBsAg-positive patients at W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital had positive PCR results, highlighting the significance of molecular confirmation. The results of this study emphasize the value of precise HBsAg testing and the supplementary function of molecular confirmation in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, it clarifies the current therapeutic approaches applied to this patient population, highlighting the necessity of customized therapeutic approaches based on each patient's unique profile and potential complications.

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Castañeda-García, A., I. Martín-Blecua, E. Cebrián-Sastre, A. Chiner-Oms, M. Torres-Puente, I. Comas et J. Blázquez. « Specificity and mutagenesis bias of the mycobacterial alternative mismatch repair analyzed by mutation accumulation studies ». Science Advances 6, n^o 7 (février 2020) : eaay4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4453.

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The postreplicative mismatch repair (MMR) is an almost ubiquitous DNA repair essential for maintaining genome stability. It has been suggested that Mycobacteria have an alternative MMR in which NucS, an endonuclease with no structural homology to the canonical MMR proteins (MutS/MutL), is the key factor. Here, we analyze the spontaneous mutations accumulated in a neutral manner over thousands of generations by Mycobacterium smegmatis and its MMR-deficient derivative (ΔnucS). The base pair substitution rates per genome per generation are 0.004 and 0.165 for wild type and ΔnucS, respectively. By comparing the activity of different bacterial MMR pathways, we demonstrate that both MutS/L- and NucS-based systems display similar specificity and mutagenesis bias, revealing a functional evolutionary convergence. However, NucS is not able to repair indels in vivo. Our results provide an unparalleled view of how this mycobacterial system works in vivo to maintain genome stability and how it may affect Mycobacterium evolution.

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Dansi, A., R. Vodouhè, P. Azokpota, H. Yedomonhan, P. Assogba, A. Adjatin, Y. L. Loko, I. Dossou-Aminon et K. Akpagana. « Diversity of the Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species of Importance in Benin ». Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/932947.

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Many of the plant species that are cultivated for food across the world are neglected and underutilized. To assess their diversity in Benin and identify the priority species and establish their research needs, a survey was conducted in 50 villages distributed throughout the country. The study revealed 41 neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) among which 19 were identified as of priority base on 10 criteria among which included their extent and degree of consumption. Reasons for neglect vary with the producers and the agricultural technicians. Market surveys revealed that NUCS are important source of household incomes and substantially contribute to poverty reduction. Review of the literature available revealed that most of the species are rich in nutrients and have some proven medicinal values and the promotion of their use would help in combating malnutrition and improving the health status of the local populations. The knowledge gaps and research needs are immense on most of the species identified as no concrete scientific data is nationally available. In terms of research, almost all has to be done starting from basic ethnobotanical investigation. The results will help the scientists and students willing to conduct research on NUCS in Benin to better orient their research programs.

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Degasperi, Elisabetta, Maria Paola Anolli et Pietro Lampertico. « Towards a Functional Cure for Hepatitis B Virus : A 2022 Update on New Antiviral Strategies ». Viruses 14, n^o 11 (29 octobre 2022) : 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112404.

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Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the main causes of the development of cirrhosis and its complications. Treatment with potent third-generation nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) results in >99% HBV DNA undetectability, and prevents fibrosis progression and liver-related complications. However, NUCs are not able to induce the so-called functional cure, which is hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and anti-HBs seroconversion. Consequently, NUC treatment is currently intended as being long-term or lifelong, resulting in the need for clinical monitoring and potentially suffering from compliance issues. Consequently, drug development in HBV has the goal of developing new agents in order to achieve a functional cure for HBV. Currently, the three main strategies include the following: inhibition of viral replication, inhibition of viral antigens, and immune modulation. This review summarizes the most recent updates concerning HBV compounds among these three main classes.

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BAA-POKU, F. « Application of the Resource-based Theory (RBT) to Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (NUCS) and the opportunities they present for rural household food security : The Ghana context ». International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, n^o 1 (17 avril 2020) : 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i1.77.

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Notwithstanding the many criticisms of the core propositions of the theory, the RBT has found many applications in various disciplines. In this paper, the author applies the core principles of the theory to highlight a strategic plant genetic resource available to farmers and agricultural practitioners in Ghana. While a number of different theoretical positions can contribute to an understanding of the concept and relevance of these often neglected crops, the RBT is used as a lens to analyse and provide some perspectives on the NUCS advantage. The intention is to create a sense of urgency among relevant stakeholders in Ghana’s agricultural sector on the need to fully embrace this critical ‘internal’ resource’ in its effort at addressing the constraints to food insecurity among rural households. The paper concludes with the author’s own perspectives and recommendations. Citation: F. Baa-Poku. Application of the Resource-based Theory (RBT) to Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (NUCS) and the opportunities they present for rural household food security: The Ghana Context. 2020; 5(1): 1－10. Received: (February 12, 2020) Accepted: (March 31, 2020

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Todovichin, Donika, Petar Trifonov, Krasimir Antonov, Rosen Nikolov et Irena Ivanova. « If NUCs protect SARS-CoV-2 infection ? » Journal of Medical and Dental Practice 7, n^o 2 (7 octobre 2020) : 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18044/medinform.202072.1223.

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Cornberg, Markus, et Christoph Höner zu Siederdissen. « HBsAg seroclearance with NUCs : rare but important ». Gut 63, n^o 8 (7 janvier 2014) : 1208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306221.

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Bode, Sven. « Nucs down in Germany—Prices up in Europe ? » Energy Policy 37, n^o 7 (juillet 2009) : 2492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.03.024.

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Kamimura-Nishimura, Kelly, Vikram Chaudhary, Folake Olaosebikan, Maryam Azizi, Sneha Galiveeti, Ayoade Adeniyi, Richard Neugebauer et Stefan H. F. Hagmann. « Does Nursery-Based Intensified Anticipatory Guidance Reduce Emergency Department Use for Nonurgent Conditions in the First Month of Life ? A Randomized Controlled Trial ». International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8356582.

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Objective.We aimed to evaluate the impact of an intensified anticipatory guidance program in the nursery on Emergency Department (ED) use for nonurgent conditions (NUCs) in the neonatal period.Methods. Parturient mothers of healthy newborns were randomized to an intervention group or control group. Baseline and 1-month follow-up knowledge surveys regarding newborn care were conducted. The primary outcome was the proportion of neonates who used the ED for a NUC. Secondary outcome was change in caregivers’ knowledge on NUC.Results. Of a total of 594 mothers, 323 (54%) agreed to participate and were randomized to intervention (n=170) or control (n=153) group. Most were Hispanic (68%), single (61%), primiparous (39%), and without high school diploma (44%). 35 (21%) neonates in the intervention group and 41 (27%) in the control group were brought at least once for a NUC to the ED (p=0.12). There was no statistically significant difference in within subject change on knowledge scores between the two study arms.Conclusions. Neonatal ED visits for NUCs occur frequently. This nursery-based intensified anticipatory guidance program had no statistically significant impact on neonatal ED use for NUC, nor on neonatal care-relevant knowledge among parturient mothers. Alternative modalities and timing of parental educational intervention may need to be considered. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials NumberNCT01859065(Clinicaltrials.gov).

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Li, G., Y. Yu, S. Chen, P. Fan et W. Zhang. « O117 SEQUENTIAL COMBINATION THERAPY WITH NUCS AND PEG-IFN IN HBeAg POSITIVE CHB PATIENTS WITH PRIOR LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO NUCS ». Journal of Hepatology 60, n^o 1 (avril 2014) : S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(14)60119-7.

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Harland, Niklas, Florian B. Maurer, Tanja Abruzzese, Cornelia Bock, Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro, Falko Fend, Wilhelm K. Aicher, Arnulf Stenzl et Bastian Amend. « Elevated Expression of the Immune Checkpoint Ligand CD276 (B7-H3) in Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Lines Correlates Negatively with the Cell Proliferation ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 9 (29 avril 2022) : 4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094969.

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The cell surface molecule CD276 (B7-H3) is an immune checkpoint antigen. The elevated expression of CD276 on tumors contributes to the suppression of anti-tumor T-cell responses and correlates with poor prognosis. Methods: The expression of CD276 was explored in vitro on eight urothelial carcinoma cell lines (UM-UC) in comparison to eight normal urothelial cells (NUCs) by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was enumerated over consecutive passages. The expression of cancer stem cell markers CD24 and CD44, cytokeratins, and vimentin was investigated by immunofluorescence. The expression of CD276 in bladder tumor samples and metastases was explored by immunohistochemistry. Results: Expression of CD276 on cell surfaces was elevated on UM-UCs when compared to NUCs. In UM-UCs, CD276 transcripts correlated moderately positive with CD276 protein expression (ρ = 0.660) and strongly positive with CD276 surface-expression (ρ = 0.810). CD276 mRNA expression (ρ = −0.475) and CD276 protein expression (ρ = −0.417) had a significant negative correlation with proliferation, while a significant correlation between proliferation and cell surface expression was not observed in UM-UCs. Conclusion: The expression of CD276 on UM-UC bladder tumor cell surfaces is elevated. Slow proliferating UM-UC cells express more CD276 mRNA and protein than fast proliferating cells. In patients, slow proliferating CD276high tumor (stem) cells may evade immune surveillance. However, cancer therapy targeting CD276 may be effective in the treatment of slow proliferating tumor cells.

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Machida, Shinichi, David Depierre, Heng-Chang Chen, Suzie Thenin-Houssier, Gaël Petitjean, Cecile M. Doyen, Motoki Takaku, Olivier Cuvier et Monsef Benkirane. « Exploring histone loading on HIV DNA reveals a dynamic nucleosome positioning between unintegrated and integrated viral genome ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 12 (11 mars 2020) : 6822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913754117.

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The aim of the present study was to understand the biology of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and reveal the mechanisms involved in its transcriptional silencing. We found that histones are loaded on HIV-1 DNA after its nuclear import and before its integration in the host genome. Nucleosome positioning analysis along the unintegrated and integrated viral genomes revealed major differences in nucleosome density and position. Indeed, in addition to the well-known nucleosomes Nuc0, Nuc1, and Nuc2 loaded on integrated HIV-1 DNA, we also found NucDHS, a nucleosome that covers the DNase hypersensitive site, in unintegrated viral DNA. In addition, unintegrated viral DNA-associated Nuc0 and Nuc2 were positioned slightly more to the 5′ end relative to their position in integrated DNA. The presence of NucDHS in the proximal region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter was associated with the absence of RNAPII and of the active histone marks H3K4me3 and H3ac at the LTR. Conversely, analysis of integrated HIV-1 DNA showed a loss of NucDHS, loading of RNAPII, and enrichment in active histone marks within the LTR. We propose that unintegrated HIV-1 DNA adopts a repressive chromatin structure that competes with the transcription machinery, leading to its silencing.

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Lillienau, J., L. R. Hagey et B. Borgstrom. « Hepatic and ileal transport and effect on biliary secretion of norursocholic acid and its conjugates in rats ». American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1991) : G1057—G1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.6.g1057.

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The enterohepatic circulation of norursocholic acid (nUC) and its glycine (nUCG) and taurine (nUCT) conjugates was investigated in the rat; cholic acid (C) was studied as control. The biliary recovery of intravenously infused 14C-labeled bile acids was high: nUC, 88%; nUCG, 80%; nUCT, 99%, and C, 90%. Biliary recovery after the same bile acids were infused intraduodenally was similar: nUC, 90%; nUCG, 66%; nUCT, 97%; and C, 99%. The two conjugated bile acids, nUCG and nUCT, were not biotransformed during intestinal or hepatic transport; nUC was also secreted largely unchanged, but approximately 10% was secreted as an unknown conjugate or sulfate; C was completely conjugated with taurine or glycine. To compare the rates of active ileal transport, biliary recovery was measured after an in situ ileal perfusion technique. The rate of absorption of nUC, nUCG, and nUCT was one-fourth to one-half that of cholyltaurine, which served as control. Competition experiments indicated that the same transport system was involved. When infused intravenously, nUC, nUCG, and nUCT induced far less biliary lipid secretion than an identical dose of C; the secretion of both phospholipid and cholesterol was decreased, cholesterol to a greater extent than phospholipid. It is concluded that nUC and its conjugates are well transported by the ileum, are efficiently secreted into bile without undergoing appreciable hepatic biotransformation, and induce bile flow as other hydrophilic bile acids, but in contrast to C induce little phospholipid and cholesterol secretion into bile.

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Rezgui, Rachid, Hannu Myllykallio, Roxane Lestini, Joelle Kühn, Antigoni Alexandrou et Cedric Bouzigues. « NucS DNA Flap Interaction Mechanism Kinetics Revealed by Single Molecule Imaging ». Biophysical Journal 104, n^o 2 (janvier 2013) : 204a—205a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1153.

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Lee, B. R., K. Kitamoto, O. Yamada et C. Kumagai. « Cloning, characterization and overproduction of nuclease S1 gene (nucS) from Aspergillus oryzae ». Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 44, n^o 3-4 (15 décembre 1995) : 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050577.

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Lee, B. R., K. Kitamoto, O. Yamada et C. Kumagai. « Cloning, characterization and overproduction of nuclease S1 gene (nucS) from Aspergillus oryzae ». Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 44, n^o 3-4 (décembre 1995) : 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00169939.

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Trịnh, Thị Hằng, Vũ Trung Nguyễn et Văn Duyệt Lê. « XÁC ĐỊNH ĐỘT BIẾN KHÁNG THUỐC CỦA HBV Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM GAN B MẠN TÍNH ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI TRUNG ƯƠNG (1/2014 - 12/2017) ». Tạp chí Truyền nhiễm Việt Nam 1, n^o 29 (10 janvier 2020) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59873/vjid.v1i29.137.

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Mục tiêu: Xác định đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV và mối liên quan với các phác đồ điều trị ở bệnh nhân viêm gan B mạn tính. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Những bệnh nhân bị viêm gan B mạn tính, đang điều trị bằng các thuốc kháng virus tương tự nucleotide(s) (NUCs), đến khám và làm xét nghiệm đột biến kháng thuốc của Hepatitis B vi rút (HBV) tại Bệnh viện Bệnh nhiệt đới Trung ương từ tháng 1 năm 2014 đến tháng 12 năm 2017. Nghiên cứu được tiến hành theo phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu. Kết quả: Trong 70 bệnh nhân làm xét nghiệm gen đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV, có 17 bệnh nhân mang đột biến kháng thuốc, chiếm 24,3%. Tình trạng đột biến xuất hiện ở cả hai dạng kháng đơn thuốc và kháng đa thuốc. Trong đó, tỷ lệ kháng đa thuốc và tỷ lệ kháng đơn thuốc lần lượt là 70,6% và 29,4%. Khi đánh giá đột biến kháng từng thuốc NUCs nói riêng, số bệnh nhân nhiễm các chủng HBV có đột biến kháng LAM, ETV, LdT, ADV, FTC tương ứng là 14/17, 11/17, 9/17, 8/17, 3/17 ca bệnh. Không có bệnh nhân nào nhiễm chủng HBV có đột biến kháng TDF. Kết quả nghiên cứu có 12/17 bệnh nhân nhiễm các chủng HBV có đột biến kháng đa thuốc NUCs. Trong đó, 11/12 bệnh nhân nhiễm các chủng HBV có đột biến kháng ETV, không có bệnh nhân nào nhiễm các chủng HBV có đột biến kháng TDF. Với tình trạng kháng đơn thuốc của HBV, chỉ có hai thuốc bị kháng là ADV và LAM. Trong 24 đối tượng thu thập được số liệu bệnh án, có 15 bệnh nhân điều trị theo phác đồ TDF (1 viên/ngày) (62,5%), 7 bệnh nhân điều trị theo phác đồ ETV (1 viên/ngày) (29,2%), số bệnh nhân điều trị theo phác đồ ETV (2 viên/ngày) và LAM (1 viên/ngày) đều là 1 (4,2%). Sự khác biệt giữa tỷ lệ đột biến và tỷ lệ không có đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV ở các phác đồ điều trị khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê với p = 0,01. Tỷ lệ đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV ở phác đồ điều trị TDF (1 viên/ngày) thấp hơn không nhiều (0,026 lần) so với phác đồ điều trị ETV (1 viên/ngày) với p = 0,01, CI 95%. Kết luận: thực trạng bệnh nhân nhiễm các chủng HBV có đột biến kháng đa thuốc chiếm đa số. Chưa có bệnh nhân nào nhiễm chủng HBV có đột biến kháng TDF. Thuốc điều trị viêm gan B mạn tính đang được ưu tiên sử dụng hiện nay là TDF, sau đó đến ETV. Sự khác biệt giữa tỷ lệ đột biến và tỷ lệ không có đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV ở các phác đồ điều trị khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê. Tỷ lệ đột biến kháng thuốc của HBV ở phác đồ điều trị TDF (1 viên/ngày) thấp hơn không nhiều (0,026 lần) so với phác đồ điều trị ETV (1 viên/ngày).

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Baltayiannis, G., et P. Karayiannis. « Treatment options beyond IFNα and NUCs for chronic HBV infection : expectations for tomorrow ». Journal of Viral Hepatitis 21, n^o 11 (1 octobre 2014) : 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12307.

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Schwarzl, Sonja M., Danzhi Huang, Jeremy C. Smith et Stefan Fischer. « Nonuniform charge scaling (NUCS) : A practical approximation of solvent electrostatic screening in proteins ». Journal of Computational Chemistry 26, n^o 13 (2005) : 1359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20274.

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Lillienau, J., et B. Borgstrom. « Bacterial deconjugation and enterohepatic circulation of norursocholic acid conjugates in rats ». American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1991) : G1065—G1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.6.g1065.

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Experiments were performed to define the metabolism of norusocholic acid (nUC) conjugates and to quantify to what extent the bile acid pool can be enriched in these bile acids. In vitro incubations of norusocholylglycine (nUCG) and -taurine (nUCT) with small intestinal or cecal content showed deconjugation with only cecal content. Cholylglycine (CG) was deconjugated by small intestinal and cecal content. Infusion of nUCG and CG showed that only a small proportion of nUCG was deconjugated after 24 h of enterohepatic circulation, whereas all CG was deconjugated. When nUCT was administered orally, deconjugation was shown to take place mainly in the cecum. Chronic feeding of nUCT enriched the bile acid pool with only 20% nUCT. We conclude that nUC conjugates are deconjugated primarily by bacteria in the cecum and colon, in contrast to CG, which, in addition to cecum and colon, is deconjugated in the distal small intestine. nUCT and its metabolites do not enrich in the circulating bile acid pool mainly for the following reasons: 1) nUC conjugates have a low affinity for the ileal transport system; 2) nUC, even if formed by deconjugation, is not passively absorbed at a sufficient rate; 3) the small amount of norursodeoxycholic acid formed from nUC is glucuronidated in the liver and glucuronide conjugates do not undergo enterohepatic circulation; and 4) nUC conjugates do not suppress bile acid biosynthesis.

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Panthi, Binod. « PRESENT STATUS, IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF NEGLECTED AND UNDERUTILIZED CROPS SPECIES (NUCS) IN NEPAL ». SOCIO ECONOMY AND POLICY STUDIES 1, n^o 2 (28 avril 2021) : 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/seps.02.2021.61.65.

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Globally, more than 30,000 plant species are edible. Out of them only 150 to 200 plant species are used by human beings and three of them are only rice ,wheat and maize (FAO 2011). About 84% of human diet and nutrition come from plants but human beings are more continuously consuming only a few different crops. Nepal ranks 49th in world for biodiversity richness. Among 577 cultivated species 484 are indigenous and 93 are introduced . About 85% of these cultivated crops are neglected and underutilized (Joshi et al., 2019). More than 83% of total cultivated area of Nepal is covered by just three crops i.e rice ,wheat and maize. In Nepal NUS are those crops species that are cultivated long time before but now being neglected and are not included in formal research and development. Such crops are Millet species such as Foxtail millet (Kaaguno) Proso millet (Chino), Taro (Pindaau), Sorghum (Junelo) etc. These crops are known for their high adaptability to changing climate, can be grown in marginal soil and harsh climatic condition. Beside their tolerance to abiotic stress these crops are nutritionally rich and play major role in combacting vitamin and micronutrient deficiency. The main aim of this paper is to review some of the important but neglected and underutilized crops species which have very important role in food and nutrition security.

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Grossi, Glenda, Mauro Viganò, Alessandro Loglio et Pietro Lampertico. « Hepatitis B virus long-term impact of antiviral therapy nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs) ». Liver International 37 (janvier 2017) : 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/liv.13291.

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Boettler, Tobias, et Robert Thimme. « Antiviral Therapy in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Liver Cirrhosis ». Digestive Diseases 33, n^o 4 (2015) : 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375357.

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Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Key Messages: In patients with advanced liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, antiviral therapy is mandatory to slow down, halt or reverse disease progression and possibly reduce the risk of HCC development. As in patients without advanced fibrosis, PEG-interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUCs) are available for antiviral therapy. NUC therapy should be performed indefinitely as the rates of HBs-Ag loss are low. Entecavir or tenofovir should be preferred due to their strong antiviral potency and their high barrier to resistance. PEG-interferon therapy can be administered to patients with compensated liver disease but should not be offered to patients with signs of hepatic decompensation. Conclusions: Antiviral therapy in chronic HBV infection can reduce liver fibrosis and even revert overt cirrhosis. Whether it also reduces the risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients remains elusive and might vary in different countries and ethnicities.

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Aguilar, Julio Cesar, Jorge Agustin Aguiar et Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar. « Action Mechanisms and Scientific Rationale of Using Nasal Vaccine (HeberNasvac) for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B ». Vaccines 10, n^o 12 (7 décembre 2022) : 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122087.

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Nasvac (HeberNasvac®) is a novel therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This product is a formulation of the core (HBcAg) and surface (HBsAg) antigens of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), administered by nasal and subcutaneous routes, in a distinctive schedule of immunizations. In the present review article, we discuss the action mechanisms of HeberNasvac, considering the immunological properties of the product and their antigens. Specifically, we discuss the capacity of HBcAg to activate different pathways of innate immunity and the signal transduction after a multi-TLR agonist effect, and we review the results of recent clinical trials and in vitro studies. Aimed at understanding the clinical results of Nasvac and other therapeutic vaccines under development, we discuss the rationale of administering a therapeutic vaccine through the nasal route and also the current alternatives to combine therapeutic vaccines and antivirals (NUCs). We also disclose potential applications of this product in novel fields of immunotherapy.

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Wong, Grace L. H., Ed Gane et Anna S. F. Lok. « How to achieve functional cure of HBV : Stopping NUCs, adding interferon or new drug development ? » Journal of Hepatology 76, n^o 6 (juin 2022) : 1249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.024.

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Zhang, Likui, Haoqiang Shi, Qi Gan, Yuxiao Wang, Mai Wu, Zhihui Yang, Philippe Oger et Jianting Zheng. « An alternative pathway for repair of deaminated bases in DNA triggered by archaeal NucS endonuclease ». DNA Repair 85 (janvier 2020) : 102734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102734.

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McAlister, Victor, Chao Zou, Robert H. Winslow et Gail E. Christie. « Purification and In Vitro Characterization of the Serratia marcescens NucC Protein, a Zinc-Binding Transcription Factor Homologous to P2 Ogr ». Journal of Bacteriology 185, n^o 6 (15 mars 2003) : 1808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.6.1808-1816.2003.

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ABSTRACT NucC is structurally and functionally homologous to a family of prokaryotic zinc finger transcription factors required for late gene expression in P2- and P4-related bacteriophages. Characterization of these proteins in vitro has been hampered by their relative insolubility and tendency to aggregate. We report here the successful purification of soluble, active, wild-type NucC protein. Purified NucC exhibits site-specific binding to a conserved DNA sequence that is located upstream of NucC-dependent Serratia marcescens promoters and the late promoters of P2-related phages. This sequence is sufficient for binding of NucC in vitro. NucC binding to the S. marcescens nuclease promoter P nucA and to the sequence upstream of the P2 late promoter P F is accompanied by DNA bending. NucC protects about 25 nucleotides of the P F upstream region from DNase I digestion, and RNA polymerase protects the promoter region only in the presence of NucC. Template DNA, RNA polymerase holoenzyme, and purified NucC are the only macromolecular components required for transcription from P F in vitro.

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Baa-Poku, F., J. S. Ayivor et B. D. Ofori. « Changing Agricultural Practices and Indigenous Food Crops in the Upper Afram Basin of Ghana ». Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, n^o 1 (16 juillet 2020) : 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i1.7.

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The Forest Savanna Transition zone within which the Upper Afram basin lies, account for a wide variety of food crops and plant species. This study examined the effects of changing agricultural practices on cultivation and availability of indigenous food crops within the basin. Qualitative data obtained from 240 farmers through individual interviews and Focus group discussions were analyzed thematically. The study revealed that even though the farmers employed the traditional mixed cropping system, the widespread use of agro-chemicals in the study area was limiting the practice of intercropping. This accounts for the current dominance of mono cropping system in the study area. These changes have affected the cultivation of a wide variety of indigenous foods within the basin. The uncontrolled use of agro-chemicals constituted one of the major agronomic constraints affecting the cultivation of these crops. Adequate technical support services to effectively control agrochemical abuse among the local farmers will, therefore, be required. Increased sensitization on the need for local farmers to refocus and maintain some of the traditional agricultural practices that ensured the cultivation of a wide variety of indigenous food crop varieties (NUCS) in their farms is also suggested.

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Takemoto, Norihiko, Itaru Numata, Masayuki Su’etsugu et Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama. « Bacterial EndoMS/NucS acts as a clamp-mediated mismatch endonuclease to prevent asymmetric accumulation of replication errors ». Nucleic Acids Research 46, n^o 12 (6 juin 2018) : 6152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky481.

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Malik, Annas Dwitri. « Diversity of neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) at Rancabuaya, South Garut West Java : potentially as human food ». Biodiversity International Journal 2, n^o 4 (12 juillet 2018) : 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/bij.2018.02.00081.

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Ragusa, Marco, Maria Santagati, Federica Mirabella, Giovanni Lauretta, Matilde Cirnigliaro, Duilia Brex, Cristina Barbagallo et al. « Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n^o 17 (27 août 2020) : 6203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176203.

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Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.

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Liu, Yuh-Ying, Chih-Lang Lin, Cheng-Hao Weng, Pei-Hung Chang, Cheng-Hung Chien, Kuang-Chen Huang, Man-Chin Hua et Ching-Chih Hu. « Older Age and High α-Fetoprotein Predict Higher Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis-B-Related Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy ». Diagnostics 12, n^o 9 (28 août 2022) : 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092085.

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Background: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) were proved to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, but data were limited on their efficacy in cirrhotic CHB patients. Methods: A total of 447 cirrhotic CHB patients treated with tenofovir/entecavir were retrospectively analyzed and divided into HCC (n = 48) and non-HCC (n = 399) groups. The median follow-up period was 62.1 months. Results: A total of 48 patients (10.7%) developed HCC during surveillance. The annual incidence rate of HCC was 2.04 per 100 person-years. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.9%, 9.8%, and 22.1% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Significant predictors for HCC identified using a multiple Cox regression analysis were age ≥50 years (hazard ratio (HR): 2.34) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥8 ng/mL (HR: 2.05). The incidence rate of HCC was 8.67-fold higher in patients with age ≥50 years and AFP ≥8 ng/mL (3.14 per 100 person-years) than those with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/mL (0.36 per 100 person-years). Conclusions: Cirrhotic CHB patients with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/mL had the lowest annual incidence of HCC. However, those with age ≥50 years or/and AFP ≥8 ng/mL had a significantly higher risk for HCC development and warrant a careful surveillance schedule.

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McFarlane, Lewis O., et Tara L. Pukala. « Proteomic Investigation of Cape Cobra (Naja nivea) Venom Reveals First Evidence of Quaternary Protein Structures ». Toxins 16, n^o 2 (23 janvier 2024) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020063.

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Naja nivea (N. nivea) is classed as a category one snake by the World Health Organization since its envenomation causes high levels of mortality and disability annually. Despite this, there has been little research into the venom composition of N. nivea, with only one full venom proteome published to date. Our current study separated N. nivea venom using size exclusion chromatography before utilizing a traditional bottom-up proteomics approach to unravel the composition of the venom proteome. As expected by its clinical presentation, N. nivea venom was found to consist mainly of neurotoxins, with three-finger toxins (3FTx), making up 76.01% of the total venom proteome. Additionally, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), vespryns (VESPs), cobra venom factors (CVFs), 5′-nucleotidases (5′NUCs), nerve growth factors (NGFs), phospholipase A2s (PLA2), acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KUN), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), hydrolases (HYDs), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), and snake venom serine protease (SVSP) toxins were also identified in decreasing order of abundance. Interestingly, contrary to previous reports, we find PLA2 toxins in N. nivea venom. This highlights the importance of repeatedly profiling the venom of the same species to account for intra-species variation. Additionally, we report the first evidence of covalent protein complexes in N. nivea venom, which likely contribute to the potency of this venom.

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Ishino, Sonoko, Stéphane Skouloubris, Hanae Kudo, Caroline l’Hermitte-Stead, Asmae Es-Sadik, Jean-Christophe Lambry, Yoshizumi Ishino et Hannu Myllykallio. « Activation of the mismatch-specific endonuclease EndoMS/NucS by the replication clamp is required for high fidelity DNA replication ». Nucleic Acids Research 46, n^o 12 (28 mai 2018) : 6206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky460.

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Prasad, Manoj. « Omics of neglected and underutilized crop species : one small step for NUCS, one giant leap for addressing global hunger ». Nucleus 63, n^o 3 (19 novembre 2020) : 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-020-00342-z.

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Sun, Haixia, Yinhui Liu, Yufeng Zhang, Yusheng Jie, Yuankai Wu, Zhanyi Li, Xuxia Wei et Xiangyong Li. « Finite versus Indefinite Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Exhibiting Negative HBsAg Levels after Treatment ». BioMed Research International 2022 (15 juillet 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6069781.

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Aim. To determine whether a decrease in HBsAg to <0.05 IU/mL could be a criterion for cessation of finite nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of 6715 patients with CHB between January 1998 and May 2016. Patients were followed up every 12–24 weeks. Among 104 patients achieving HBsAg levels < 0.05 IU/mL, 71 were eligible for inclusion in the analysis: 31 received finite NUC therapy, and 40 received indefinite NUC therapy. In the finite therapy group, 9 patients received no NUC consolidation therapy, 6 received short-term (<1 year) consolidation, and 16 received long-term (>1 year) consolidation. The outcome measures were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, albumin, hepatitis B virus DNA, and HBsAg levels. Results. Baseline parameters and characteristics at the time when HBsAg levels had fallen to <0.05 IU/mL were similar between the finite and indefinite therapy groups. No patients experienced viral breakthrough/relapse during a median follow-up of 120 weeks. There were little or no differences in long-term outcomes between the finite and indefinite therapy groups and between the short-term and long-term consolidation groups. Conclusions. Discontinuation of NUCs may be acceptable in patients whose HBsAg levels fall to <0.05 IU/mL. Consolidation therapy lasting <1 year appears adequate to prevent poor long-term prognosis.

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Yang, Lu, Huiqiang Wang, Haiyan Yan, Kun Wang, Shuo Wu et Yuhuan Li. « (−)-Lariciresinol Isolated from the Roots of Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl. Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus by Regulating Viral Transcription ». Molecules 27, n^o 10 (18 mai 2022) : 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103223.

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Chronic hepatitis induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem, leading to hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the currently approved medications can reliably decrease the virus load and prevent the development of hepatic diseases, they fail to induce durable off-drug control of HBV replication in the majority of patients. The roots of Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl., a traditional Chinese medicine, were frequently used for the prevention of viral disease in China. In the present study, (−)-lariciresinol ((−)-LRSL), isolated from the roots of Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl., was found to inhibit HBV DNA replication of both wild-type and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs)-resistant strains in vitro. Mechanism studies revealed that (−)-LRSL could block RNA production after treatment, followed by viral proteins, and then viral particles and DNA. Promoter reporter assays and RNA decaying dynamic experiments indicated that (−)-LRSL mediated HBV RNA reduction was mainly due to transcriptional inhibition rather than degradation. Moreover, (−)-LRSL in a dose-dependent manner also inhibited other animal hepadnaviruses, including woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Combining the analysis of RNA-seq, we further found that the decrease in HBV transcriptional activity by (−)-LRSL may be related to hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α). Taken together, (−)-LRSL represents a novel chemical entity that inhibits HBV replication by regulating HNF1α mediated HBV transcription, which may provide a new perspective for HBV therapeutics.

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Joseph, Keva, Ciniso Sylvester Shabangu, Tyng-Yuan Jang, Chung-Feng Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Jee-Fu Huang, Wan-Long Chuang, Ming-Lung Yu et Shu-Chi Wang. « The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan ». Pathogens 10, n^o 10 (23 septembre 2021) : 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101227.

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Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is an RNA virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to propagate into hepatocytes, with Genotype I being more prevalent globally. However, the prevalence of HDV genotypes in Taiwan is unknown. Accordingly, a cohort including 24 chronic HBV patients who received nucleos(t)ides (NUCs) between January 2002 and July 2018 was used to determine HDV genotypes and genotype specific serological association in chronic HBV carriers. HDV-positive genotypes in 18/24 (75%) males and 6/24 (25%) females were identified among chronic HBV patients. Viremia was lower in HDV-IV patients than in patients affected with other HDV genotypes (1.34 log10 copies/mL vs. 3.30 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.009). A logistics regression analysis revealed that HDV-IV was inversely proportional to HDV RNA (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.370/0.164–0.830; p = 0.017). The serologic association study indicated lower levels of creatinine (p = 0.047) and HDV-RNA (p = 0.009) in the HDV-IV group than the non-HDV-IV group but did not indicate any significant differences in the AST, ALT, bilirubin levels or other laboratory test factors. The three genotypes evident in Taiwan were HDV-I (4/24, 16.7%), HDV-II (6/24, 25.0%), and HDV-IV (14/24, 58.3%), and HDV-IV is the predominant HDV genotype in Taiwan. These results anticipate a clear understanding of HDV genotype serological association in chronic HBV carriers.

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Pol, Stanislas. « Similar 5‐year HCC occurrence in Tenofovir‐ and Entecavir‐treated HBV chronic infection in the French AFEF/ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort ». Alimentary Pharmacology & ; Therapeutics 53, n^o 5 (19 janvier 2021) : 616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.16197.

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SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in a high risk of cirrhosis and its complications, cirrhosis decompensation (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation (LT), death or any of these outcomes (composite endpoint [CE]). Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) such as tenofovir or entecavir are associated with a reduction in these complications.AimTo compare the impact of tenofovir and entecavir on these outcomes in patients treated for HBV infection and included in the prospective Hepather cohort.MethodsAll patients with HBV infection who had received tenofovir or entecavir for more than 6 months at or after entry in the ANRS CO22 cohort were selected. Patients with HDV and HCV co‐infection or prior liver event were excluded. Incidence rates of events were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW).ResultsThe cohort included 1800 patients (986 tenofovir and 814 entecavir). Median follow‐up was 4.2 years. The incidences of HCC, DC, LT, ACD, LRD and CE were not different between tenofovir‐ (1.8 (0.9; 3.2), 0.6 (0.2; 1.6), 0.2 (0.0; 0.8), 1.7 (0.8; 3.0), 0.8 (0.2, 1.8) and 4.1 (3.0; 5.4) per 1000 person‐years) and entecavir‐treated patients (1.6 (0.7; 3.0), 0.7 (0.2; 1.8), 0.2 (0.0; 1.0), 3.0 (1.7, 4.8), 0.5 (0.1; 1.5) and 5.0 (3.3; 7.2)) per 1000 person‐years, respectively.ConclusionThe risk of liver‐related events or death was not different between tenofovir‐ and entecavir‐treated patients in this large prospective cohort of predominantly non‐cirrhotic French patients.Trial registration number: NCT019553458.

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GĄBKA, JAKUB, ZBIGNIEW KAMIŃSKI, MONIKA STAWICKA et BARBARA ZAJDEL. « Effect of mating nucs spacing and subspecies of honey bee (Apis mellifera) on the drifting of queens returning from mating flights ». Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW - Animal Science 56, n^o 1 (30 juin 2017) : 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aas.2017.56.1.9.

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Pan, Xingfei, Ka Zhang, Xiaoan Yang, Jiayi Liang, Haixia Sun, Xuejun Li, Yong Zou et al. « Relapse Rate and Associated-Factor of Recurrence after Stopping NUCs Therapy with Different Prolonged Consolidation Therapy in HBeAg Positive CHB Patients ». PLoS ONE 8, n^o 7 (3 juillet 2013) : e68568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068568.

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