Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « North dakota, census »

A funny thing happened on my way to becoming GODORT chair: after ten years as the regional Federal Depository Library coordinator at the University of Georgia, I accepted a new job outside of the government documents community. As of June 28, 2018, I am the associate dean of libraries for research and learning at North Dakota State University. Obviously, my new job was not on my radar when I agreed to run for GODORT chair-elect in 2017. And while I am no longer a depository coordinator, I am still tangentially involved with the depository community. NDSU is a shared regional with the University of North Dakota, and our regional depository coordinator—Susanne Caro, formerly of the University of Montana—reports to me. In fact, Susanne is the GODORT chair-elect, which makes North Dakota the nexus of GODORT for the next few years. Not bad for a state that, according to the Census Bureau, ranks forty-seventh in population!

In this article, we examine how demographic changes in Fargo and West Fargo, North Dakota between 2000 and 2017, including the resettlement of refugees, have impacted equitable educational arrangements in Fargo Public Schools (FPS) and West Fargo Public Schools (WFPS). Drawing on multiple data sources, including North Dakota’s Department of Public Instruction (DPI), Common Core of Data (CCD) available from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) and block group data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to examine city and district level changes in the years 2000 and 2017. We also conduct descriptive statistics and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess the relationships among Black student enrollment, performance on state tests and enrollment characteristics that include race and free and reduced lunch. Findings underscore the increasing isolation of students over time by race, socioeconomic background and language.

AbstractEarlier reports have summarized crop yield losses throughout various North American regions if weeds were left uncontrolled. Offered here is a report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on potential yield losses due to weeds based on data collected from various regions of the United States and Canada. Dry bean yield loss estimates were made by comparing dry bean yield in the weedy control with plots that had >95% weed control from research studies conducted in dry bean growing regions of the United States and Canada over a 10-year period (2007 to 2016). Results from these field studies showed that dry bean growers in Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Ontario, and Manitoba would potentially lose an average of 50%, 31%, 36%, 59%, 94%, 31%, 71%, 56%, and 71% of their dry bean yield, respectively. This equates to a monetary loss of US $36, 40, 6, 56, 421, 2, 18, 44, and 44 million, respectively, if the best agronomic practices are used without any weed management tactics. Based on 2016 census data, at an average yield loss of 71.4% for North America due to uncontrolled weeds, dry bean production in the United States and Canada would be reduced by 941,000,000 and 184,000,000 kg, valued at approximately US $622 and US $100 million, respectively. This study documents the dramatic yield and monetary losses in dry beans due to weed interference and the importance of continued funding for weed management research to minimize dry bean yield losses.

Background: To investigate information sources utilized in pharmacists’ assessment of population-based health needs and/or community changes; and the association between information sources utilized and reported completion of continuing professional education topics. Methods: In 2017; licensed pharmacists (n = 1124) in North Dakota; South Dakota; Minnesota; Iowa; and Nebraska completed a questionnaire on continuing professional education and information sources on population-based health needs and community changes. Data were entered; cleaned and imported into Stata 11.1. Census Bureau county-level population density data were used to classify local area characteristics. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Most sources of primary; county-level data on population-based health needs or community changes were minimally utilized. Pharmacists in more rural areas were statistically more likely to use local health professionals; local non-health professionals; and/or the state health department compared to pharmacists in less rural areas. Pharmacists reporting higher use of population-based information sources were more likely to have completed continuing education in the past 12 months for all 21 surveyed topics; 13 significantly so. Conclusions: There is a reliance of pharmacists on information from local health and non-health professionals for information on population-based health needs and/or community changes. Utilization of health departments and other primary information sources was associated with increased rates of completion of an array of continuing professional education topics. Expanding utilization of evidence-driven information sources would improve pharmacists’ ability to better identify and respond to population-based health needs and/or community changes through programs and services offered; and tailor continuing professional education to population-based health needs.

Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) accounts for the highest number of leukemia diagnoses in adults over 19 and nearly 25% of new adult leukemia cases. CLL commonly affects older adults with a median age of 70 at diagnosis. Although the 5-year survival rate of CLL is high at 88%, there are disparities among various groups within the United States (U.S.) with marginalized groups experiencing lower survival than their counterparts. Currently, no study has assessed geographic and demographic trends in CLL mortality in older adults (65+) in the U.S. Our aim was to analyze demographic differences and trends in CLL mortality in older adults (65+) within the U.S. between 1999 to 2020. Methods: The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) Wonder database was used to determine mortality statistics for patients, 65 years or older, with an underlying cause of death from CLL (ICD-10 code C91.1) between 1999 and 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated per 100,000 deaths. The AAMR was calculated by demographic variables such as race (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White), population density (Urban, Suburban, Rural), sex, state, and U.S. census region. Joinpoint regression software was used to identify temporal trends. Average annual percent change (APC) was considered statistically significant if p< 0.05. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, CLL accounted for 85,371 deaths in adults 65 years or older. During this time, the overall AAMR decreased by 30% from 11.2 to 7.8 with an APC of -1.7% (p<0.05). In 1999, men had an AAMR of 16.1, nearly double the female AAMR of 8.1. By 2020, both groups experienced a drop in AAMR with men at 11.4 and females at 5.1. Both groups experienced a significant drop in overall APC with a drop of -1.7 for men and -2.1 for females. Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest AAMR at 11.9 and had a decrease in APC at -1.4 (p<0.05). Non-Hispanic Blacks had an AAMR high of 9.6 and had the highest decrease in APC at -2.4 (p<0.05). Hispanic individuals had an AAMR high of 4.4 and had the lowest decrease in APC at -1.3 (p<0.05). Analysis by population density revealed the highest decrease in APC occurring in urban populations at -2.3 (p<0.05), and the lowest decrease in rural populations at -1.2. All census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) had significant drops in APC with the South having the largest decrease in APC at -2.1 (p<0.05) and the Northeast having the lowest drop in APC at -1.5 (p<0.05). States in the 90th percentile of mortality included Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota, whereas Hawaii, Nevada, and New Mexico were in the 10th percentile of mortality. Conclusions: Although the mortality rate for CLL in the U.S. has been decreasing since 1999, there are differences in the rate of decrease apparent amongst various demographic groups. This may be due to several factors, including longer travel times to see oncologists in rural areas or lack of access to newer treatments for these patients. Given that the typical presentation for CLL is asymptomatic and that there are few identifiable risk factors for CLL it has made identification of vulnerable patients challenging. However, demographic background may help to identify potential patients at risk for developing and experiencing higher mortality rates due to CLL.

231 Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second cause of cancer mortality. The identification of the preferred place of death (PPOD) has been shown to improve the delivery of palliative care, reduce healthcare costs, and improve quality of care. We evaluated the trends in PPOD for patients and hospice utilization with PCa in the USA from 2003 to 2020 based on the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database. Methods: The US nationwide and state-level data was pooled using the CDC WONDER database from January 01, 2003, to December 31, 2020. The data trends of PPOD for prostate cancer were pooled using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision as C61: malignant neoplasm of prostate. The analysis of trends in mortality over the past decade was stratified according to age, census region, race, and place of death. Results: The analysis demonstrated that overall mortality due to PCa was 526,783 from 2003 to 2020. Of these deaths, 43,813 (8.32%) were recorded in hospice facilities. The hospice mortality steadily increased from 0.4% in 2003 to the highest of 9.20% in 2019, with a notable decline to 7.6% in 2020. We noticed that the PPOD differed based on racial subgroups. More than half of mortality in the Native American (NA) and African-American (AA) subgroups was observed in a medical facility (51.81% and 58.21%, respectively) compared to Whites (49.15%). Hospice or death at home in NA and AA groups were (48.11% and 41.11%, respectively) compared to Whites (50.85%). The age-stratified mortality analysis revealed increased hospice utilization in 25-44 years (11.95%) vs. 65+ years (8.13%). Upon stratifying the results by census showed the highest hospice utilization in Florida, compared to the lowest in North Dakota (22.6% vs. 0.02%). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study utilizing the CDC WONDER database to analyze PPOD in PCa-related deaths. We observed a steady increase in hospice utilization from 2003 to 2019 throughout the US, with a decline in 2020, possibly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The AA and NA groups had higher mortality in medical facilities compared to Whites, whereas the White population utilized more hospice services or died at home. This highlights the existing disparities in end-of-life care in PCa and promotes policy-level changes in the states with lower utilization of hospice services to improve access of care in PCa patients.

1525 Background: The trials of bispecific antibodies to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have increased exponentially. However, there is a geographic limitation to offering these trials and universal access appears to be limited. Here, we investigate the geographical and racial disparities in accessing bispecific antibodies trials for DLBCL. Methods: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov using the terms for DLBCL and bispecific antibodies. A total of 13 out of 51 clinical trials with one or more open sites in the United States (US) were included in this systematic review. 2020 US Census Bureau data was used to obtain data on race and ethnicity. Analysis for this study was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The majority of the included trials were Phase I (62%) followed by Phase II (23%), and Phase I/II (15%). A total of 885 participants were either enrolled or expected to enroll in these clinical trials. Nine (69%) clinical trials were only open in the US while 4 (31%) clinical trials were open in the US and other countries. The majority of the trials were funded by the pharmaceutical industry 62%. There were 50 unique study sites distributed over 24 states with a 2.4 (1-10) mean number of trials per state and 9.9 (1-39) mean number of sites per trial. Study sites were distributed in 24 different states. Midwestern states had the highest number of trials 28%, followed by Southern 26%, Northeastern 24%, and Western 22%. The highest number of study locations (10) and the highest number of open studies (10) were in California. Twenty-seven states had no open bispecific antibodies trials including three in the Northeast (Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont), five in the Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, North and South Dakota), eight in the South (Delaware, Virginia, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma), and eleven in the West (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington). Using US Census Bureau data, only 20% of African Americans (AA) (8 349 699 of 41 104 200) lived in a county with a bispecific antibodies trial. There were only five states (21%) with 50% or more of the AA population living in a county with an open bispecific antibodies trial and seven states (29%) with 30-49.9% of their AA county residents. Five states (21%) had less than 10% of the AA population living in a county with an open bispecific antibodies trial. Nine (90%) out of ten states with the highest proportion of AA residents (18.6%-41.4%) have no (five states) or only one clinical trial site (four states). Conclusions: There is significant geographic and racial disparity in accessing bispecific antibodies trials for DLBCL. Strategies should be framed to address the causes of the observed disparities and to improve access to these trials.

Abstract Colorectal cancer mortality rates among those diagnosed under age 50 have been rising. Geospatial patterns of young-onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC) mortality rates in the U.S. have received limited attention, and prior studies were limited by a lack of adjustment for demographic factors, a focus only on hot spots, and a lack of cluster-specific relative risks (RRs). Adjustment allows clusters to represent areas where modifiable factors may be driving anomalous mortality rates. Aggregated 1999-2019 yoCRC mortality data for 3,036 counties was obtained from CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death, and demographics were obtained from 2005-2019 census variables and 2015 Robert Graham Center data. Mortality rates were stabilized via spatial smoothing, then a quasi-Poisson model was fit with median age, sex, race/ethnicity, and social deprivation. Adjusted yoCRC death counts were utilized in a Poisson circular spatial scan to identify Gini hot/cold spots at a maximum cluster size of 6% of the population at risk. Resulting RRs signified clusters where adjusted deaths were higher or lower than expected based on population and adjusted total deaths. Three statistically significant hot spots and five statistically significant cold spots were identified. The cluster with the largest log-likelihood ratio was a southern hot spot region encompassing counties horizontally from eastern Texas to central Georgia and vertically from southern Louisiana to southern Kentucky (RR: 1.26; p<0.0001). Other notable clusters included hot spots centered in North Carolina (RR: 1.18; p<0.0001) and Ohio (RR: 1.18; p<0.0001), and large cold spots in western counties (Table 1). Our results reiterate southern and Appalachian hot spots from prior literature and provide new insights into a notable Ohio hot spot along with vast western cold spots. Future work is needed to identify established and potentially novel factors that may be driving yoCRC mortality clustering patterns, such as obesity, diet, or physician access. Table 1. Poisson spatial scan results adjusted for median age, sex, race, and social deprivation Gini cluster Classification States in cluster Relative risk Log-likelihood ratio Monte Carlo p-value 1 Hot spot Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas 1.28 139.03 p<0.0001 2 Hot spot Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia 1.18 63.31 p<0.0001 3 Cold spot Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming 0.83 61.95 p<0.0001 4 Hot spot Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia 1.16 40.14 p<0.0001 5 Cold spot California, Oregon, Washington 0.86 39.10 p<0.0001 6 Cold spot California 0.87 35.53 p<0.0001 7 Cold spot Texas 0.86 29.91 p<0.0001 8 Cold spot Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming 0.90 19.56 p<0.0001 Citation Format: R. Blake Buchalter, Alok A. Khorana, Shimoli Barot, David Liska, Stephanie L. Schmit. Hot and cold spots of young-onset colorectal cancer mortality in U.S. counties, 1999-2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5907.

Introduction: The number of clinical trials of chimeric antigen receptor T- cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has increased exponentially. However, there is geographic limitation to offering these trial and universal access appears to be limited especially for minorities and those in low socioeconomic stratum. Here, we investigate the geographical and racial disparities in accessing CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies trials for DLBCL. Methods: Data on clinical trials were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov, the largest clinical trials registry database that provides data on clinical trials that are completed or in process. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov in May 2023 using the terms diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL, CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, chimeric, bispecific antibodies, bispecific, BCMA, and T-cell engager. All available trials listed as completed, recruiting, active-nonrecruiting, terminated, or suspended. The collected data abstracted from ClinicalTrials.gov included study titles, National Clinical Trial identification numbers, trial phase and intervention, actual or expected number of participants (in studies that did not complete enrollment), primary outcomes, recruiting sites, funders, and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. 2020 United States (US) Census Bureau data was used to obtain data on race and ethnicity. Analysis for this study was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 76 out of 133 clinical trials with one or more open site in the US were included for this systematic review. There were 63 (82.9%) CAR-T therapy and 13 (17.1%) bispecific antibodies trials. A total of 166823 participants were either enrolled or expected to enroll in these clinical trials including 165938 (99.5%) of CAR-T and 885 (0.5%) bispecific antibodies clinical trials participants. Sixty-five (85.5%) clinical trials were only open in the US while 11 (14.5%) clinical trials were open in the US and other countries. The majority of the trials 49 (64.5%) were funded by the industry, while 27 (35.5%) were non-industry sponsored. The primary outcomes of the studies were safety related, efficacy related, and both safety and efficacy related in 43 (56.6%), 22 (28.9%), and 11 (14.5%) trials, respectively. One hundred and twenty-six unique study sites for the 76 analyzed clinical trials were identified. The mean number of sites per trial were 4.5 (1-26) for CAR-T trials and 4.4 (1-24) for bispecific antibodies. The study sites were distributed in 31 different states and mean number of trial per state were 11 (0-51). Most sites for trials were in Southern states 39 (31%), followed by Midwestern 32 (25.4%), Northeastern 30 (23.8%), and Western states 25 (19.8%). The highest number of study locations were in California (13), New York (9), and Pennsylvania (9) while the highest number of open studies were in California (51), Texas (32), and New York (23). Twenty states had no open CAR-T or bispecific antibodies clinical trials including three in the Northeast (Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont), three in the Midwest (Indiana, North and South Dakota), seven in the South (Delaware, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma), and seven in the West (Idaho, New Mexico, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii). (Figure 1A) Using Census Bureau data, only 33.3% of the African American (AA) (13 669 915 of 41 104 200) lived in a county with a CAR-T or bispecific antibodies trial. There were only six states (12%) with 50% or more of the AA population living in a county with an open CAR-T or bispecific antibody trial and 15 states (29%) with 30% or more of their AA county residents. Seven out of ten states with the highest proportion of AA residents (18.6%-41.4%) have no (four states) or less than four clinical trial sites (three states) for either CAR-T or bispecific antibodies. (Figure 1B) Conclusion: There is significant geographic and racial disparity in accessing CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies trials for DLBCL. Strategies should be framed to address the causes for the observed disparities and to improve access.

This paper explores the possible uses that the recent creation of Micropolitan Statistical Areas by the US Census Bureau could have for advancing research in the area of Human Management. An example is provided using a sample of five Great Plain states (i.e., North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma). Additionally, ten human resource management research propositions are suggested illustrating possible application of the micropolitan concept.

North by Northwest chronicles a cross-country chase in which Cary Grant is mistakenly identified as a spy and pursued by spies and police from the UN building in New York to Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. The Production Code lodged three key objections to the film: the possible homosexuality of the henchman played by Martin Landau; Cary Grant’s status as a twice-divorced man; and any hint that the double agent played by Eva Marie Saint is a ‘woman of loose morals.’ The Code also seriously questioned the advisability of identifying Saint’s character as the mistress of the lead spy, played by James Mason. Hitchcock accommodated many of the Code objections by dubbing in dialogue changes, a few of which are visible on-screen. In the film’s climax, he looped in dialogue in which Grant welcomes Eva Marie Saint as his new wife as he helps her into an upper berth on the Twentieth Century Limited, but undermines this lip service with a final scene of the train going through a tunnel a clear bit of phallic symbolism.