Articles de revues : « Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) »

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Roselli, Ivan, Angelo Tatì, Vincenzo Fioriti, Irene Bellagamba, Marialuisa Mongelli, Roberto Romano, Gerardo De Canio, Mariarosaria Barbera et Marina Magnani Cianetti. « Integrated approach to structural diagnosis by non-destructive techniques : the case of the Temple of Minerva Medica ». ACTA IMEKO 7, n^o 3 (24 octobre 2018) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i3.558.

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In the present paper an integrated approach of a wide range of non-destructive tests (NDTs) was applied to study an archeological ruined building located in Rome, the so-called Temple of Minerva Medica. Applied NDTs focused on the monument properties and environmental conditions affecting its structural behavior (geometry, thermal and mechanical properties, microclimatic monitoring, ambient vibration response). Two surveys were performed in August and December 2016 combining 3D laser scanning, thermal infrared, air temperature and relative humidity acquisitions. In addition, high resolution digital images were acquired and processed by stereo-photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SfM) methodology, carried out for detailed reconstruction of the crack pattern of the monument. In order to obtain information on the integrity and consistency of the masonry, a sonic testing of each pillar was also performed. The integration of the above NDTs provided quite complete and comprehensive understanding of the structural behavior and state of the building, reducing the amount of invasive measurements further needed.

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Salvatici, Teresa, Sara Calandra, Irene Centauro, Elena Pecchioni, Emanuele Intrieri et Carlo Alberto Garzonio. « Monitoring and Evaluation of Sandstone Decay Adopting Non-Destructive Techniques : On-Site Application on Building Stones ». Heritage 3, n^o 4 (6 novembre 2020) : 1287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040071.

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This paper focuses on the characterization approach to evaluate the decay state of Pietra Serena of historic buildings in Florence (Italy). Pietra Serena is a Florentine sandstone largely used in the city especially during the Renaissance; it is a symbol of cultural heritage of Florence and constitutes a large part of the city center, which was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Unfortunately, many environmental factors negatively affect the stone, increasing damage and the danger of falling material. Any detachment of stone fragments, in addition to constitute a loss in cultural heritage, can be dangerous for citizens and the many tourists that visit the city. The use of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) as ultrasonic and Schmidt hammer tests can quantitatively define some mechanical properties and help to monitor the decay degree of building stone. In this study, the NDTs were combined with mineralogical, petrographical, chemical and physical analyses to investigate the stone materials, in order to correlate their features with the characteristics of the different artefacts in Pietra Serena. Correlations between the NDTs results and the compositional characteristics of the on-site stone were carried out; such discussion allows to identify zones of weakness and dangerous unstable elements.

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Civera, Marco, et Cecilia Surace. « Non-Destructive Techniques for the Condition and Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines : A Literature Review of the Last 20 Years ». Sensors 22, n^o 4 (18 février 2022) : 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041627.

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A complete surveillance strategy for wind turbines requires both the condition monitoring (CM) of their mechanical components and the structural health monitoring (SHM) of their load-bearing structural elements (foundations, tower, and blades). Therefore, it spans both the civil and mechanical engineering fields. Several traditional and advanced non-destructive techniques (NDTs) have been proposed for both areas of application throughout the last years. These include visual inspection (VI), acoustic emissions (AEs), ultrasonic testing (UT), infrared thermography (IRT), radiographic testing (RT), electromagnetic testing (ET), oil monitoring, and many other methods. These NDTs can be performed by human personnel, robots, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); they can also be applied both for isolated wind turbines or systematically for whole onshore or offshore wind farms. These non-destructive approaches have been extensively reviewed here; more than 300 scientific articles, technical reports, and other documents are included in this review, encompassing all the main aspects of these survey strategies. Particular attention was dedicated to the latest developments in the last two decades (2000–2021). Highly influential research works, which received major attention from the scientific community, are highlighted and commented upon. Furthermore, for each strategy, a selection of relevant applications is reported by way of example, including newer and less developed strategies as well.

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Lerma, Carlos, Júlia G. Borràs, Ángeles Mas, M. Eugenia Torner, Jose Vercher et Enrique Gil. « Evaluation of Hygrothermal Behaviour in Heritage Buildings through Sensors, CFD Modelling and IRT ». Sensors 21, n^o 2 (14 janvier 2021) : 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020566.

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Architectural heritage, building materials and interior space are highly susceptible to temperature and relative humidity. A better knowledge of the hygrothermal dynamics inside buildings allows an adequate conservation of heritage. This work compares three non-destructive techniques (NDT), such as temperature and relative humidity sensors, finite element simulations (CFD) and thermographic pictures (IRT). The work has made it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of condensation over a year and to identify affected periods and areas of the building. Sensors and IRT pictures provide real data to validate CFD simulations, facilitating a global analysis of the building. The results provided reflect a great concordance between the NDTs used.

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Qin, Renyuan, Denvid Lau, Lik-ho Tam, Tiejun Liu, Dujian Zou et Ao Zhou. « Experimental Investigation on Interfacial Defect Criticality of FRP-Confined Concrete Columns ». Sensors 19, n^o 3 (24 janvier 2019) : 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030468.

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Defects between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and repaired concrete components may easily come out due to misoperation during manufacturing, environmental deterioration, or impact from external load during service life. The defects may cause a degraded structure performance and even the unexpected structural failure. Different non-destructive techniques (NDTs) and sensors have been developed to assess the defects in FRP bonded system. The information of linking up the detected defects by NDTs and repair schemes is needed by assessing the criticality of detected defects. In this study, FRP confined concrete columns with interfacial defects were experimentally tested to determine the interfacial defect criticality on structural performance. It is found that interfacial defect can reduce the FRP confinement effectiveness, and ultimate strength and its corresponding strain of column deteriorate significantly if the interfacial defect area is larger than 50% of total confinement area. Meanwhile, proposed analytical model considering the defect ratio is validated for the prediction of stress–strain behavior of FRP confined columns. The evaluation of defect criticality could be made by comparing predicted stress–strain behavior with the original design to determine corresponding maintenance strategies.

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Sanchez-Roda, Alejandra, Belén Oliva-Urcia et Miguel Gomez-Heras. « The Use of Magnetic Susceptibility as a Technique to Measure the Impact of Wildfires on Archaeological Heritage ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 19 (6 octobre 2022) : 10033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910033.

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Wildfires are one of the main threats of natural areas and often fires can affect protected or heritage areas and properties, in which the preservation requirements demand the use of non-destructive techniques (NDTs). The magnetic susceptibility is an NDT that provides information on the mineralogical composition of the materials but has never been applied to the evaluation of fires. Here, we combine laboratory with field analysis to test the applicability of the magnetic susceptibility for the assessment of the impacts of wildfires. The laboratory results showed an increase in the magnetic susceptibility with the temperature, more evident in the samples heated to 600 °C and above. The in situ measures revealed a spatial variation in the magnetic susceptibility, which was related to the behaviour of the fire in the area. The samples were later analysed with other magnetic destructive techniques that were used to confirm the mineralogical processes that occurred in the materials. The increase in the susceptibility values were due to the formation of iron oxides. The destructive analysis also showed the presence of minerals such as hematite and magnetite in the samples. Overall, the study allowed a first approach to test the magnetic susceptibility as a simple and fast way to measure the impacts of wildfires.

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Villasante, Antonio, Guillermo Íñiguez-González et Lluis Puigdomenech. « Comparison of various multivariate models to estimate structural properties by means of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) in Pinus sylvestris L. timber ». Holzforschung 73, n^o 4 (24 avril 2019) : 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0103.

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AbstractThe predictability of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and density of 120 samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) were investigated using various non-destructive variables (such as time of flight of stress wave, natural frequency of longitudinal vibration, penetration depth, pullout resistance, visual grading and concentrated knot diameter ratio), and based on multivariate algorithms, applying WEKA as machine learning software. The algorithms used were: multivariate linear regression (MLR), Gaussian, Lazy, artificial neural network (ANN), Rules and decision Tree. The models were quantified based on the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). To avoid model overfitting, the modeling was built and the results validated via the so-called 10-fold cross-validation. MLR with the “greedy method” for variable selection based on the Akaike information metric (MLRak) significantly reduced the RMSE of MOR and MOE compared to univariate linear regressions (ULR). However, this reduction was not significant for density prediction. The predictability of MLRak was not improved by any other of the tested algorithms. Specifically, non-linear models, such as multilayer perceptron, did not contribute any significant improvements over linear models. Finally, MLRak models were simplified by discarding the variables that produce the lowest RMSE increment. The resulted models could be even further simplified without significant RMSE increment.

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Abdelkader, Eslam Mohammed, Mohamed Marzouk et Tarek Zayed. « Mapping Ground Penetrating Radar Amplitudes Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Regression Analysis Methods ». International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 10, n^o 2 (avril 2019) : 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2019040105.

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Bridges are aging and deteriorating. Thus, the development of Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) became imperative nowadays. Condition assessment is one of the most critical and vital components of BMSs. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the non-destructive techniques (NDTs) that are used to evaluate the condition of bridge decks which are subjected to the rebar corrosion. The objective of the proposed method is to develop standardized amplitude scale for bridge decks based on a hybrid optimization-decision making model. Shuffled frog leaping algorithm is employed to compute the optimum thresholds. Then, polynomial regression and artificial neural network models are designed to predict the prioritizing index based on a set of multi-criteria decision-making methods. The weibull distribution is utilized to capture the stochastic nature of deterioration of concrete bridge decks. Lastly, a case study is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.

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Proietti, Noemi, Paola Calicchia, Francesco Colao, Sara De Simone, Valeria Di Tullio, Loredana Luvidi, Fernanda Prestileo, Martina Romani et Angelo Tatì. « Moisture Damage in Ancient Masonry : A Multidisciplinary Approach for In Situ Diagnostics ». Minerals 11, n^o 4 (13 avril 2021) : 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040406.

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San Nicola in Carcere, one of the minor basilicas in the historical center of Rome, was the location of a wide investigation campaign of the water-related deterioration causes, present in the lower sector of the apse and adjacent pillars, affected by water infiltrations, mould and salt efflorescence. The results obtained identify the presence of water content and related effects mainly on the sides of the apsidal wall. This work focuses on the use of five Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) and intends to show the gains obtained by integrating widely interdisciplinary methods, namely the Infrared Thermography (IRT), the Unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Unilateral NMR), the Acoustic Tomography (AT), the Acoustic Imaging (AI) and the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF). All the techniques contribute to the rapid, non-invasive and early identification of the moisture distribution, while some of them (LIF and AI) also address the determination of some moisture effects. The integrated use of different techniques helps to take the multidisciplinary point of view necessary to formulate an effective restoration intervention based on a sound scientific rationale; nonetheless, it allows to experiment a holistic approach, verifying the potential of a wide range of NDTs available within the context of a restoration yard.

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Aslam, Huda, Md Maruf Mortula, Sherif Yehia, Tarig Ali et Manreet Kaur. « Evaluation of the Factors Impacting the Water Pipe Leak Detection Ability of GPR, Infrared Cameras, and Spectrometers under Controlled Conditions ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 3 (6 février 2022) : 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031683.

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Leakages from water distribution infrastructures are responsible for a considerable amount of water losses. Consequently, innovative, non-destructive techniques (NDT) of leakage detection for early recognition is vital. In this study, the leak detection abilities of Ground Penetration Radar (GPR), spectrometers, and infrared (IR) cameras were investigated, and the factors affecting the leak detection response were assessed. Three experimental setups were constructed to simulate underground pipes in dune sand. Three different pipe materials (PVC, PPR, and PE) were investigated under three levels of moisture content (MC; 2%, 5%, and 10%) and three types of leaks (hole, crack, and faulty joint). The IR camera was the most effective among the different NDTs used in this study. The IR camera detected all types of leaks at 2% and 5% MC but was inconclusive at 10% MC. Similarly, the GPR detected the leaks at 2% and 5% MC successfully but was inconclusive at 10% MC. Lastly, the spectrometer was the least reliable NDT to detect leaks. Results suggest that IR cameras and spectrometers that operate in the mid-IR range (5–25 µm) can detect leaks.

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Sanglier, Gaston, Jose Miguel, Jose Antonio Penaranda et y. Gabriel Del Ojo. « Multi-Method END Study in the Search for 'Defects' ; in an Aeronautical Radar Element ». Modern Applied Science 14, n^o 11 (27 octobre 2020) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n11p19.

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Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) has gone from being a simple laboratory curiosity to an indispensable tool in the industry to determine the level of quality achieved in its products. The new concepts of Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) bring a more universal concept of quality compared to the past philosophy based on Quality Control as a group specialized in checking whether production works within certain specifications. Even so, NDTs have not lost interest, but have seen their interest increased due to automated inspection techniques. It has become a contribution to the structuring of quality as it allows to move from purely empirical criteria to other more objective and that constitute the link between design and evaluation (Ramirez et al, 1996). The work presented, although it does not propose new methods or techniques of NDT, has the interest of converging into a single object five conventional methods each of which provides partial information about their quality of manufacture and must synthesize the results in order to evaluate it. Furthermore, it shows a situation of the application of NDT in which these must be applied in the absence of reference standards, as they do not exist. This peculiar situation is completely different from the usual situation in the use of NDT in the industry, both in manufacturing processes and in maintenance inspections.

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Yeste-Lizán, Pablo, Miguel Gomez-Heras, Manuel García-Rodríguez, Raúl Pérez-López, Luis Carcavilla et Jose A. Ortega-Becerril. « Surface Mechanical Effects of Wildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas ». Fire 6, n^o 2 (24 janvier 2023) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046.

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Wildfires are widely recognized as a cause of mechanical damage to rocks. Nevertheless, previous research has neglected how wildfires might impact sport climbing areas. In Spain, two large wildfires affected two climbing areas between 2020 and 2021. This paper addresses the rock mechanical effects of wildfires that could lead to safety issues, such as rock falls, climbing hold deterioration, and climbing anchor damage. In this study, the Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Schmidt Hammer (SH) were used, and two types of measurements were carried out: randomized grid measurements and measurements along the climbing routes. Two phenomena were recognized: (a) thermal breakdown and (b) mineralogical changes. The results of using the SH show a relationship between the decrease in the rebound value and the observed mechanical damage. Field observations showed mechanical weathering, such as cracking, spalling, granular disaggregation, and thermochemical weathering with different temperature thresholds. Observed thermochemical reactions included reddening, CaCO3 calcination, rock decomposition, and quartz cracking. The set of changes involves a major rock outcrop transformation and an acceleration of fire-induced weathering processes. Both areas exhibited more effects at the bottom of the wall. Furthermore, in this paper, we explore how iconic climbing routes can be considered a form of cultural heritage and the consequences of their loss.

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Tareen, Kim, Kim et Park. « Comparative Analysis and Strength Estimation of Fresh Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation and Maturity Using Smart Temperature and PZT Sensors ». Micromachines 10, n^o 9 (23 août 2019) : 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090559.

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Recently, the early-age strength prediction for RC (reinforced concrete) structures has been an important topic in the construction industry, relating to project-time reduction and structural safety. To address this, numerous destructive and NDTs (non-destructive tests) are applied to monitor the early-age strength development of concrete. This study elaborates on the NDT techniques of ultrasonic wave propagation and concrete maturity for the estimation of compressive strength development. The results of these comparative estimation approaches comprise the concrete maturity method, penetration resistance test, and an ultrasonic wave analysis. There is variation of the phase transition in the concrete paste with the changing of boundary limitations of the material in accordance with curing time, so with the formation of phase-transition changes, changes in the velocities of ultrasonic waves occur. As the process of hydration takes place, the maturity method produces a maturity index using the time-feature reflection on the strength-development process of the concrete. Embedded smart temperature sensors (SmartRock) and PZT (piezoelectric) sensors were used for the data acquisition of hydration temperature history and wave propagation. This study suggests a novel relationship between wave propagation, penetration tests, and hydration temperature, and creates a method that relies on the responses of resonant frequency changes with the change of boundary conditions caused by the strength-gain of the concrete specimen. Calculating the changes of these features provides a pattern for estimating concrete strength. The results for the specimens were validated by comparing the strength results with the penetration resistance test by a universal testing machine (UTM). An algorithm used to relate the concrete maturity and ultrasonic wave propagation to the concrete compressive strength. This study leads to a method of acquiring data for forecasting in-situ early-age strength of concrete, used for secure construction of concrete structures, that is fast, cost effective, and comprehensive for SHM (structural health monitoring).

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Garrido, Iván, Mercedes Solla, Susana Lagüela et Mezgeen Rasol. « Review of InfraRed Thermography and Ground-Penetrating Radar Applications for Building Assessment ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (5 septembre 2022) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5229911.

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The first appearance of concern for the good condition of a building dates back to ancient times. In recent years, with the emergence of new inspection technologies and the growing concern about climate change and people’s health, the concern about the integrity of building structures has been extended to their analysis as insulating envelopes. In addition, the growing network of historic buildings gives this sector special attention. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive review of the application of two of the most common and most successful Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) when inspecting a building: InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time that a joint compilation of the state-of-the-art of both IRT and GPR for building evaluation is performed in the same work, with special emphasis on applications that integrate both technologies. The authors briefly explain the performance of each NDT, along with the individual and collective advantages of their uses in the building sector. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the most relevant references is described, according to the building materials to be studied and the purpose to be achieved: structural safety, energy efficiency and well-being, and heritage preservation. Then, three different case studies are presented with the aim of illustrating the potential of the combined use of IRT and GPR in the evaluation of buildings for the purposes defined. Last, the final remarks and future lines are described on the application of these two interesting inspection technologies in the preservation and conservation of the building sector.

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Suriani, M. J., Aidy Ali, S. M. Sapuan et Abdan Khalina. « Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) in Composite Materials ». Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (janvier 2011) : 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.918.

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The aim of this review is to gain the informations on applications and approaches that are presently available for non-destructive techniques (NDT) in composite materials. This review also will enhanced the knowledge in the NDT fields with available studies theories and research works done currently. Thus, it has been concluded the research that have been done in the past for military purpose but nowadays (NDT) technique is widely used in other various applications including composite materials, fire safety, land determine, food safety and quality and also famously practice in medical used.

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Barbhuiya, Rahul Islam, Saipriya Ramalingam, Harsimran Kaur Kalra, Abdallah Elsayed, Winny Routray, Manickavasagan Annamalai et Ashutosh Singh. « Application of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques (NDTT) to Characterize Nanocarriers Used for Drug Delivery : A Mini Review ». Biophysica 2, n^o 3 (24 juin 2022) : 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica2030016.

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The synthesis of tailored and highly engineered multifunctional pharmaceutical nanocarriers is an emerging field of study in drug delivery applications. They have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, aiding the targeted drug’s biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the characterization of nanocarriers is critical for understanding their physicochemical properties, which significantly impact their molecular and systemic functioning. To achieve specific goals, particle size, surface characteristics, and drug release properties of nanocarriers must be managed. This mini review provides an overview of the applications of non-destructive testing techniques (NDTT) to reveal the characteristics of nanocarriers, considering their surface charge, porosity, size, morphology, and crystalline organization. The compositional and microstructural characterization of nanocarriers through NDTT, such as dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, confocal laser scanning microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have been comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, NDTT is only used to characterize physicochemical parameters related to the physiological performance of nanocarriers but does not account for nanocarrier toxicity. Hence, it is highly recommended that in the future, NDTT be developed to assess the toxicity of nanocarriers. In addition, by developing more advanced, effective, and precise techniques, such as machine vision techniques using artificial intelligence, the future of using NDTT for nanocarrier characterization will improve the evaluation of internal quality parameters.

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Umap, Vaibhav S., et Y. R. M. Rao. « Application of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques on Reinforced Concrete Structure : A Review ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2023) : 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.47231.

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Abstract: To properly maintain our public infrastructure, engineers and designers must learn different methods of inspection. An exhaustive review has been carried out for different aspects of non- destructive testing (NDT) adopted for RCC structures. NDT evaluates the remaining operation life of different components of structure. It provides an accurate diagnosis which allows prediction of extended life operation beyond the designed life. Different aspects are considered which includes condition assessment, durability, corrosion, condition ranking and service life of structures. In this review, several non-destructive inspection methods are evaluated, with the aim of identifying those, which are practical for detecting defects at early in the production sequence as possible. The methods used for carrying out non destructive analysis used by different investigators are also discussed. Merits and demerits of each method are also stated. RCC structures considered are reinforced buildings, bridges, ESRs, recently developed NDT techniques which are useful for prediction of performance of structure are also included.

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Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan, et Siddhartha Kumar Khaitan. « FINITE ELEMENT BASED ADAPTIVE NEURO‐FUZZY INFERENCE TECHNIQUE FOR PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF MULTI‐LAYERED TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES ». TRANSPORT 25, n^o 1 (31 mars 2010) : 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.08.

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During the service life of a pavement, it is often required to conduct Non-destructive tests (NDTs) to evaluate its structural condition and bearing capacity and to detect damage resulting from the repeated traffic and environmental loading. Among several currently used NDT methods, the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) is the most commonly used pavement NDT method applied by many transportation agencies all over the world. Non-destructive testing of pavements using FWD is typically accompanied by the prediction of the Young’s modulus of each layer of the pavement structure through an inverse analysis of the acquired FWD deflection data. The predicted pavement layer modulus is both an indicator of the structural condition of the layer as well as a required input for conducting mechanistic-based pavement structural analysis and design. Numerous methodologies have been proposed for backcalculating the mechanical properties of pavement structures from NDT data. This paper discusses the development of an Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) combined with Finite Element Modeling (FEM) for the inverse analysis of the multi-layered flexible pavement structures subjected to dynamic loading.

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Leonte, Alexandru Stefan, Anișor Nedelcu et Razvan Gabriel Dragan. « Determination of Optimal Nondestructive Technique (NDT) Using Multi-Criteria Analysis ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (mai 2015) : 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.615.

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The present paper presents an optimization model for quality control of industrial products by using two non-destructive techniques (NDT): infrared termography and ultrasonic methods. The main purpose it is to determinate the best analyzing method using multi-criteria analysis by taking into account the results that outcome from the two non-destructive evaluations. There have been studied defects like: internal defects and surface defects. Therewith were taking into consideration: safety, efficiency of the method and the cost of the equipment used in controlling the product. For this study it was created a concrete slab with embedded defects which had different depths. The sample was tested using active thermography and impact echo methods and the results were studied and integrated in an multi-criteria analysis to reveal the best method for this case.

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Duan, Yuxia, Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Nicolas P. Avdelidis, Theodoros H. Loutas, George Sotiriadis, Vassilis Kostopoulos et al. « On the Use of Infrared Thermography and Acousto—Ultrasonics NDT Techniques for Ceramic-Coated Sandwich Structures ». Energies 12, n^o 13 (1 juillet 2019) : 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132537.

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Ceramic-coated materials used in different engineering sectors are the focus of world-wide interest and have generated a need for inspection techniques that detect very small structural anomalies. Non-destructive testing is increasingly being used to evaluate coating thickness and to test for coating flaws. The main pros of non-destructive testing is that the tested object remains intact and available for continued use afterward. This paper reports on an integrated, non-destructive testing approach that combines infrared thermography and acousto-ultrasonics to evaluate advanced aerospace sandwich structure materials with the aim of exploring any potential for detecting defects of more than one type. Combined, these two techniques successfully detected fabrication defects, including inclusions and material loss.

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Dang, Bo, Ling Yang, Changzan Liu, Yahong Zheng, Hui Li, Ruirong Dang et Baoquan Sun. « A Uniform Linear Multi-Coil Array-Based Borehole Transient Electromagnetic System for Non-Destructive Evaluations of Downhole Casings ». Sensors 18, n^o 8 (17 août 2018) : 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082707.

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Borehole transient electromagnetic (TEM) techniques have been proven to be efficient for nondestructive evaluations (NDEs) of metal casings using eddy-current properties. However, physical limitations and bad borehole conditions restrict the use of eddy-current sensors, which makes downhole casing inspections very different from those of conventional NDE systems. In this paper, we present a uniform linear multi-coil array-based borehole TEM system for NDEs of downhole casings. On the basis of the borehole TEM signal model, a numerical multi-coil array approach using the Gauss–Legendre quadrature is derived. The TEM response can be divided into two independent parts related to the transmitting-receiving distance (TRD) and the observation time and casing thickness. Using this property, the signal received by the multi-coil array is weighted to cancel the influence of the TRDs of the different array elements to obtain the optimal response according to the linearly constrained minimum variance criterion, which can be shown to be identical to that of achieving the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by applying the uniform linear multi-coil array to a borehole TEM system for NDEs of oil-well casings. Field experiments were conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Jolly, MR, A. Prabhakar, B. Sturzu, K. Hollstein, R. Singh, S. Thomas, P. Foote et A. Shaw. « Review of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques and their Applicability to Thick Walled Composites ». Procedia CIRP 38 (2015) : 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.043.

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El Masri, Yasser, et Tarek Rakha. « A scoping review of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in building performance diagnostic inspections ». Construction and Building Materials 265 (décembre 2020) : 120542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120542.

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Brinker, Katelyn, Matthew Dvorsky, Mohammad Tayeb Al Qaseer et Reza Zoughi. « Review of advances in microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E : principles and applications ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, n^o 2182 (14 septembre 2020) : 20190585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0585.

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Microwave and millimetre-wave non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) has a long history dating back to the late 1950s (Bahr 1982 Microwave non-destructive testing methods ; Zoughi 2000 Microwave Non-destructive testing and evaluation principles ; Feinstein 1967 Surface crack detection by microwave methods ; Ash 1973 In 3rd European Microwave Conference ; Auld 1981 Phys. Technol. 12 , 149–154; Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ). However, sustained activities in this field date back to the early 1980s (Zoughi 1995 Res. Nondestr. Eval. 7 , 71–74; Zoughi 2018 Mater. Eval. 76 , 1051–1057; Kharkovsky 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 10 , 26–38). Owing to various limitations associated with using microwaves and millimetre waves for NDT&E, these techniques did not see much utility in the early days. However, with the advent and prevalence of composite materials and structures, in a wide range of applications, and technological advances in high-frequency component design and availability, these techniques are no longer considered as ‘emerging techniques’ (Zoughi 2018 Mater. Eval. 76 , 1051–1057; Schull 2002 Nondestructive evaluation: theory, techniques, and applications ). Currently, microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E is a rapidly growing field and has been more widely acknowledged and accepted by practitioners over the last 25+ years (Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ; Bakhtiari 1994 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech . 42 , 389–395; Bakhtiari 1993 Mater. Eval. 51 , 740–743; Bakhtiari 1993 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42 , 19–24; Ganchev 1995 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 , 326–328; Bois 1999 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48 , 1131–1140; Ghasr 2009 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58 , 1505–1513). Microwave non-destructive testing was recently recognized and designated by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) as a ‘Method’ on its own (Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ). These techniques are well suited for materials characterization; layered composite inspection for thickness, disbond, delamination and corrosion under coatings; surface-breaking crack detection and evaluation; and cure-state monitoring in concrete and resin-rich composites, to name a few. This work reviews recent advances in four major areas of microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E, namely materials characterization, surface crack detection, imaging and sensors. The techniques, principles and some of the applications in each of these areas are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring’.

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Jasiński, Radosław. « Identification of Stress States in Compressed Masonry Walls Using a Non-Destructive Technique (NDT) ». Materials 13, n^o 12 (25 juin 2020) : 2852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122852.

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The structure safety can be assessed, but only indirectly, by identifying material properties, geometry of structures, and values of loads. The complete and comprehensive assessment can be done only after determining internal forces acting inside structures. Ultrasonic extensometry using an acoustoelastic effect (AE) is among the most common non-destructive techniques (NDT) of determining true stresses in structures. Theoretical bases of the method were described in the mid 20th century. They were founded on the correlation between ultrasonic waves and the value and direction of stresses. This method is commonly used to determine stresses mainly in homogeneous materials without any inherent internal defects. This method is rarely applied to porous or composite materials, such as concrete or rock due to a high dispersion of results. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), characterized by high homogeneity and porosity, is the popular material in the construction sector, used to produce masonry units. The discussed tests involved the acoustoelastic effect to determine stresses in the masonry wall made of AAC. This paper presents a widely theoretical background for the AE method, and then describes the author’s own research on AAC divided into two stages. At first, the empirical relationships between compressive stress and velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic wave, including humidity, were determined. In stage II, nine masonry walls were tested in axial compression. Mean compressive stresses in the masonry wall determined with the proposed method were found to produce a satisfactory confidence level up to ca. 50% of failure stresses. Results were significantly understated for stresses of the order of 75% of failure stresses.

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Minea, Alina Adriana, Ana Martins Amaro, Fernando Ventura Antunes, Maria Augusta Neto et Paulo Nobre Balbis Reis. « RESONANT TECHNIQUES AS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES (NDT) APPLIED TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS : CASE STUDY ON LOW VELOCITY IMPACTS DETECTION ». Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 14, n^o 5 (2015) : 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2015.115.

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Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadır, Mehmet Ergün Hatır, İsmail İnce, Ali Bozdağ et Mustafa Korkanç. « The Determination of Deteriorations on the Mısırlıoğlu Bridge (Konya, Turkey) by Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) ». Iconarp International J. of Architecture and Planning 6, n^o 2 (28 décembre 2018) : 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.15320/iconarp.2018.60.

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Tejedor, Blanca, Elena Lucchi, David Bienvenido-Huertas et Iole Nardi. « Non-destructive techniques (NDT) for the diagnosis of heritage buildings : Traditional procedures and futures perspectives ». Energy and Buildings 263 (mai 2022) : 112029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112029.

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Dobmann, Gerd, Luigi Debarberis et Jean-François Coste. « Aging material evaluation and studies by non-destructive techniques (AMES-NDT) — a European network project ». Nuclear Engineering and Design 206, n^o 2-3 (juin 2001) : 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(00)00422-2.

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Aizaz, Ahmad, et Umair Ali. « Use of Direct Active Thermal Imaging Technique for Sub Surface Delamination Detection in Aviation Composites ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (octobre 2014) : 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.481.

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Various non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDTE) techniques are in use by the aviation industry. Thermal imaging as an NDTE tool for composite material is becoming an effective methodology. In this research, a direct energy method approach to active thermal imaging is applied with test specimen placed between the heating source and the camera to take only one diagnostics snap per unit area of region of interest (ROI). Purpose of this study is to assess the utility of direct method as a reliable NDTE technique during aerospace inspections as a quick ‘Go / No Go’ tool for the detection of sub-surface delamination in multilayered composite sheets. The research presents a quantitative comparison of temperature profiles as well as qualitative analysis of 2D active infrared thermo graphic testing of glass fiber epoxy to detect sub-surface delamination. The experimental results are in close agreement with the actual locations of delamination in test samples. The technique may serve as a reliable tool to quickly categorize the component under inspection. However, the size of delamination could not be ascertained with acceptable accuracy in this study, possibly due to the spread of epoxy to the delaminated regions during preparation of defective samples.

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Gupta, Ranjeetkumar, Daniel Mitchell, Jamie Blanche, Sam Harper, Wenshuo Tang, Ketan Pancholi, Lee Baines, David G. Bucknall et David Flynn. « A Review of Sensing Technologies for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Composite Materials ». Journal of Composites Science 5, n^o 12 (6 décembre 2021) : 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120319.

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The growing demand and diversity in the application of industrial composites and the current inability of present non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to perform detailed inspection of these composites has motivated this comprehensive review of sensing technologies. NDE has the potential to be a versatile tool for maintaining composite structures deployed in hazardous and inaccessible areas, such as offshore wind farms and nuclear power plants. Therefore, the future composite solutions need to take into consideration the niche requirements of these high-value/critical applications. Composite materials are intrinsically complex due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous characteristics. This presents a significant challenge for evaluation and the associated data analysis for NDEs. For example, the quality assurance, certification of composite structures, and early detection of the failure is complex due to the variability and tolerances involved in the composite manufacturing. Adapting existing NDE methods to detect and locate the defects at multiple length scales in the complex materials represents a significant challenge, resulting in a delayed and incorrect diagnosis of the structural health. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the NDE techniques, that includes a detailed discussion of their working principles, setup, advantages, limitations, and usage level for the structural composites. A comparison between these techniques is also presented, providing an insight into the future trends for composites’ prognostic and health management (PHM). Current research trends show the emergence of the non-contact-type NDE (including digital image correlation, infrared tomography, as well as disruptive frequency-modulated continuous wave techniques) for structural composites, and the reasons for their choice over the most popular contact-type (ultrasonic, acoustic, and piezoelectric testing) NDE methods is also discussed. The analysis of this new sensing modality for composites’ is presented within the context of the state-of-the-art and projected future requirements.

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Deepak, J. R., V. K. Bupesh Raja, D. Srikanth, H. Surendran et M. M. Nickolas. « Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for low carbon steel welded joints : A review and experimental study ». Materials Today : Proceedings 44 (2021) : 3732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.578.

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Drobiec, Łukasz, Radosław Jasiński et Wojciech Mazur. « The Use of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to Detect Bed Joint Reinforcement in AAC Masonry ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 13 (5 juillet 2020) : 4645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134645.

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Detecting non-metallic reinforcement made of FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) can be problematic, particularly at the stage of work inspection and constructional evaluation. In contrast to steel reinforcement, detecting non-metallic reinforcement is difficult using NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) techniques. These difficulties mainly arise from considerably lower density, radiation resistance or electromagnetic impedance and cross-section of rebars when compared to steel reinforcement. Specific problems with the reinforcement detection are experienced in masonry structures, in which reinforcement is laid in bed joints. Measurements are made on a masonry face in the plane perpendicular to the reinforcement plane, and not the parallel one compared to reinforced concrete structures. Thus, the interpretation of results obtained from NDT can be complicated due to many physical phenomena occurring during tests, methods of presenting measurements and their accuracy. This paper compares different testing techniques used to detect non-metallic reinforcement in the masonry wall made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). For the purpose of the tests, fibreglass and basalt meshes, traditional steel trusses and steel wire meshes were placed in bed joints of the masonry wall. An ultrasonic tomography and GPR (Ground-Penetrating Radar) scanner operating within a broad range of frequencies were used for the tests. We also used the electromagnetic device to detect metal meshes. As expected, the tests confirmed problems with detecting the non-metallic reinforcement. Only the radar method was effective in detecting the non-metallic method, whereas other methods failed. The electromagnetic method detected only the steel reinforcement in the masonry.

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Sakurai, Hiroshi, Kosuke Suzuki, Shoya Ishii, Kazushi Hoshi, Takashi Nozawa, Hidetsugu Ozaki, Hiroto Haga et al. « Development of non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for HIPed interface by Compton scattering X-ray spectroscopy ». Nuclear Materials and Energy 31 (juin 2022) : 101171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2022.101171.

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Chaban, N. I. « Experimental research of dependence between informative parameters NDT techniques and steel physical and mechanical properties ». Oil and Gas Power Engineering, n^o 2(30) (5 décembre 2018) : 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2018-2(30)-44-48.

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Research of new methods and technologies of non-destructive control of change of long-term metal structures is an actual task of the present. In this article the methodology and results of experimental studies, the main aim of which is to determine the correlation between the intensity of structural noise in the material determined by failure detectors based on ultrasonic field-induced phase grating and the physical and mechanical properties of steels are presented.

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Sfarra, S., C. Ibarra-Castanedo, D. Ambrosini, D. Paoletti, A. Bendada et X. Maldague. « Discovering the Defects in Paintings Using Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques and Passing Through Measurements of Deformation ». Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 33, n^o 3 (22 janvier 2014) : 358–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10921-013-0223-7.

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Venegas, Pablo, Rubén Usamentiaga, Juan Perán et Idurre Sáez de Ocáriz. « Quaternion Processing Techniques for Color Synthesized NDT Thermography ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 2 (15 janvier 2021) : 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020790.

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Infrared thermography is a widely used technology that has been successfully applied to many and varied applications. These applications include the use as a non-destructive testing tool to assess the integrity state of materials. The current level of development of this application is high and its effectiveness is widely verified. There are application protocols and methodologies that have demonstrated a high capacity to extract relevant information from the captured thermal signals and guarantee the detection of anomalies in the inspected materials. However, there is still room for improvement in certain aspects, such as the increase of the detection capacity and the definition of a detailed characterization procedure of indications, that must be investigated further to reduce uncertainties and optimize this technology. In this work, an innovative thermographic data analysis methodology is proposed that extracts a greater amount of information from the recorded sequences by applying advanced processing techniques to the results. The extracted information is synthesized into three channels that may be represented through real color images and processed by quaternion algebra techniques to improve the detection level and facilitate the classification of defects. To validate the proposed methodology, synthetic data and actual experimental sequences have been analyzed. Seven different definitions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been used to assess the increment in the detection capacity, and a generalized application procedure has been proposed to extend their use to color images. The results verify the capacity of this methodology, showing significant increments in the SNR compared to conventional processing techniques in thermographic NDT.

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Terán, Héctor C., Oscar Arteaga, F. S. Alcocer, Richard R. Navas, Stalin P. Mena et Eduardo A. Cárdenas. « Application of Multiple Methods of NDT for the Evaluation of Welded Joints in a Steel Bridge ASTM-A-588 ». Solid State Phenomena 287 (février 2019) : 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.287.8.

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This work is based on making a comparison of different inspection methods of non-destructive testing (NDT), to detect porosity, bite, undercut, splash, overlap, slag, concavity, lack of fusion and damage to base material, in welds of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), made on a steel bridge ASTM-A-588. The main application of non-destructive tests is to evaluate the final state of a welded joint in critical points, in addition the fundamental objective is to ensure that the established acceptance and rejection criteria are met rigorously. For which non-destructive techniques are analyzed, such as the visual testing of welding on the beams of a bridge of length 35000 mm, subsequently, tests of inspection by liquid penetrant were used, based on the AWS D1.5 standard to confirm the failures in welded joints in ABA webs, an ultrasonic is also carried out using an SIUI CTS 602 equipment, finally to issue an acceptance and rejection criterion as determined by ASTM E165 and ASTM E2544-09.

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Ba, Abdoulaye, Huu Kien Bui, Gérard Berthiau, Didier Trichet et Guillaume Wasselynck. « Simulation of induction thermography NDT technique using SIBC ». COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 39, n^o 5 (3 juillet 2020) : 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-01-2020-0007.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a lightened 3D finite element model (FEM) for coupled electromagnetic thermal simulation of the induction thermography non-destructive testing (NDT) technique to reduce the computation time. Design/methodology/approach The time harmonic electromagnetic problem is expressed in A – ϕ formulation and lightened by using the surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) applied to both the massive induction coil surface and the surface of conductor workpiece including open cracks. The external circuit is taken into account by using the impressed voltage or the impressed current formulation. The thermal diffusion in the workpiece is solved by using surface electromagnetic power density as thermal source. Findings The accuracy and the usefulness of the method for the design of the induction thermography NDT technique have been shown with acceptable deviation compared with a full FEM model. It is also observed that at high frequency, when the ratio between the local radius of the conductor and the skin depth is high, a very good accuracy can be obtained with the SIBC methods. At lower frequency, the effect of the curvature of the surface becomes significant. In this case, the use of the Mitzner’s impedance can help to correct the error. Originality/value The SIBC can be used for both massive coil and workpieces with open cracks to alleviate 3D FEMs of the coupled electrothermal model. The implementation in matrix form of the coupled electrothermal formulation is given in details. The comparisons with reference analytical solution and full 3D FEM show the accuracy and performance of the method. In the test case presented, the computation time is 6.6 times lower than the classical model.

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Niccolai, Alessandro, Davide Caputo, Leonardo Chieco, Francesco Grimaccia et Marco Mussetta. « Machine Learning-Based Detection Technique for NDT in Industrial Manufacturing ». Mathematics 9, n^o 11 (29 mai 2021) : 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111251.

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Fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) is a well-assessed non-destructive test method used in manufacturing for detecting cracks and other flaws of the product under test. This is a critical phase in the mechanical and aerospace industrial sector. The purpose of this work was to present the implementation of an automated inspection system, developing a vision-based expert system to automate the inspection phase of the FPI process in an aerospace manufacturing line. The aim of this process was to identify the defectiveness status of some mechanical parts by the means of images. This paper will present, test and compare different machine learning architectures to perform the automated defect detection on a given dataset. For each test sample, several images at different angles were captured to properly populate the input dataset. In this way, the defectiveness status should be found combining the information contained in all the pictures. In particular, the system was designed for increasing the reliability of the evaluations performed on the airplane part, by implementing proper artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to reduce current human operators’ effort. The results show that, for applications in which the dataset available is quite small, a well-designed feature extraction process before the machine learning classifier is a very important step for achieving high classification accuracy.

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Bozóki, János. « Non–destructive Material Testing (Ndt) Techniques Applied for the Life Extension Program of the Aircraft in the Hungarian Defence Forces ». Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 13, n^o 2 (30 juin 2014) : 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2014.2.14.

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Most aircraft in the Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF) were planned back in the 1960s and 70s. Accordingly, strategies of operating and maintaining these aircraft reflect the level of engineering, technology and diagnostics of that era. However, since the mid 1990s until today a new generation of modern aircraft (JAS–39 EBS HU Gripen, MiG–29 tactical fighter aircraft) have been used in the Hungarian Defence Forces. By using these third and fourth generation fighters, new, modern operating and maintenance environment and systems have also been introduced. This publication is aimed at providing a short overview of Non–Destructive Material Testing; a very special segment of the many diagnostic testing methods used during life extension programs.

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Mevissen, Frank, et Michele Meo. « A Review of NDT/Structural Health Monitoring Techniques for Hot Gas Components in Gas Turbines ». Sensors 19, n^o 3 (9 février 2019) : 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030711.

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The need for non-destructive testing/structural health monitoring (SHM) is becoming increasingly important for gas turbine manufacturers. Incipient cracks have to be detected before catastrophic events occur. With respect to condition-based maintenance, the complex and expensive parts should be used as long as their performance or integrity is not compromised. In this study, the main failure modes of turbines are reported. In particular, we focus on the turbine blades, turbine vanes and the transition ducts of the combustion chambers. The existing monitoring techniques for these components, with their own particular advantages and disadvantages, are summarised in this review. In addition to the vibrational approach, tip timing technology is the most used technique for blade monitoring. Several sensor types are appropriate for the extreme conditions in a gas turbine, but besides tip timing, other technologies are also very promising for future NDT/SHM applications. For static parts, like turbine vanes and the transition ducts of the combustion chambers, different monitoring possibilities are identified and discussed.

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Hayashi, Takahiro, et Ken Ishihara. « OS6-13 Generation of Narrow Band Elastic Wave with a Fiber Laser and its Application to the Scanning Laser Source Technique(Ultrasonic NDT of Cracks and Damages (2),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS) ». Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015) : 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.84.

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Anwar, Muhammad Kashif, Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah, Abdullah Naveed Sadiq, Muhammad Usman Siddiq, Hassam Ahmad, Saqib Nawaz, Asif Javead, Muhammad Hasnain Saeed et Ahsan Rehman Khan. « Symmetric Performance Analysis for Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Asphalt Materials under Varying Temperature Conditions : An Application of DT and NDT Digital Techniques ». Symmetry 12, n^o 3 (8 mars 2020) : 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030433.

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During the development of symmetric asphalt concrete material samples, aggregates play a vital role in the performance of its production. Shape characteristics and aggregates geology are two major factors influencing strength parameters of the asphalt concrete mix. In this study, two different geological sources of aggregates with different shape characterizations have been utilized for the development of the asphalt concrete mix. In addition to that, the stability analysis has been performed under different temperature conditions ranging between 25 and 60 °C. By the application of the destructive technique (DT) and non-destructive technique (NDT), the performance of the asphalt concrete mix has been analyzed and compared based on the geology of aggregates under various temperatures. Furthermore, a statistical model has been developed to analyze the stability and performance of the developed asphalt concrete mix with reference to regional climatic conditions. This study will help in the development of symmetric formation of sustainable asphalt materials.

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Shaloo, Masoud, Martin Schnall, Thomas Klein, Norbert Huber et Bernhard Reitinger. « A Review of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques for Defect Detection : Application to Fusion Welding and Future Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Processes ». Materials 15, n^o 10 (21 mai 2022) : 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103697.

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In Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and fusion welding, various defects such as porosity, cracks, deformation and lack of fusion can occur during the fabrication process. These have a strong impact on the mechanical properties and can also lead to failure of the manufactured parts during service. These defects can be recognized using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods so that the examined workpiece is not harmed. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various NDT techniques for WAAM and fusion welding, including laser-ultrasonic, acoustic emission with an airborne optical microphone, optical emission spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser opto-ultrasonic dual detection, thermography and also in-process defect detection via weld current monitoring with an oscilloscope. In addition, the novel research conducted, its operating principle and the equipment required to perform these techniques are presented. The minimum defect size that can be identified via NDT methods has been obtained from previous academic research or from tests carried out by companies. The use of these techniques in WAAM and fusion welding applications makes it possible to detect defects and to take a step towards the production of high-quality final components.

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Rodrigues, Daniel, Carl Duchesne et Julien Lauzon-Gauthier. « Interpolation of Pathway Based Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Data for Defect Detection and Localization in Pre-Baked Carbon Anodes ». Metals 12, n^o 9 (26 août 2022) : 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091411.

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Producing consistent quality pre-baked carbon anodes for the Hall–Héroult aluminum reduction process is challenging due to the decreasing quality and increasing variability of anode raw materials. Non-destructive testing techniques (NDT) have been developed and recently implemented in manufacturing plants to establish better suited and more efficient quality control schemes than core sampling and characterization. These technologies collect measurements representing effective properties of the materials located along a pathway between two transducers (emitter and receiver), and not spatially-resolved distribution of properties within the anode volume. A method to interpolate pathway-based measurements and provide spatially-resolved distribution of properties is proposed in this work to help NDT technologies achieve their full potential. The interpolation method is tested by simulating acousto-ultrasonic data collected from a large number of 2D and 3D toy examples representing simplified anode internal structures involving randomly generated defects. Experimental validation was performed by characterizing core samples extracted from a set of industrial anodes and correlating their properties with interpolated speed of sound by the algorithm. The method is shown to be successful in determining the defect positions, and the interpolated results are shown to correlate significantly with mechanical properties.

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Liu, Jiayin, et Jae Ho Kim. « A Variable Attention Nested UNet++ Network-Based NDT X-ray Image Defect Segmentation Method ». Coatings 12, n^o 5 (5 mai 2022) : 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050634.

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In this paper, we describe a new method for non-destructive testing (NDT) X-ray image defect segmentation by introducing a variable attention nested UNet++ network. To further enhance the performance of the faint defect extraction and its clear visibility, a pre-processing method based on pyramid model is also added to the proposed method to effectively perform high dynamic range compression and defect enhancement on the 16-bit raw image. To illustrate its effectiveness and efficiency, we applied the proposed algorithm to the X-ray image defect segmentation problem and carried out extensive experiments. The results support that the proposed method outperforms the existing representative techniques in extracting defect for real X-ray images collected directly from industrial lines, which achieves the better performance with 89.24% IoU, and 94.31% Dice.

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Saint, Amani-Christiana, Vasiliki Dritsa et Maria Koui. « Development of an Optimized NDT Methodology for the Investigation of Ancient Greek Copper-Based Artifacts ». Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, n^o 2 (15 juin 2021) : 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2020017.

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A multi-analytical non-destructive testing (NDT) methodology was applied to copper-based artifacts originated from various archaeological sites of Greece. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fiber optics diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (ESEM-EDX) were used for the characterization of the alloys and the corrosion products. The key elements of the artifacts belonging to the Early Bronze Age (2700–2300 BC) were copper and arsenic, while tin bronze was used for the fabrication of the Late Bronze Age (1600–1100 BC) artifacts. The effectiveness of XRF for the determination of the bulk composition was confirmed by comparative study with the previously applied atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) destructive techniques. Significant differences between the artifacts were revealed through the spectral measurement of their surface corrosion products color by FORS. ESEM-EDX provided information on the microstructure, the elemental composition of the corrosion layers and bulk, as well as the distribution of the corrosion products on the surface. Conclusively, the combined NDT methodology could be regarded as a valuable and appropriate tool for the elemental composition of the bulk alloy, thus leading to the classification of their historical period and the corrosion products, contributing significantly to their conservation–restoration.

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Amaro, A. M., J. B. Santos et J. S. Cirne. « NDT OF COMPOSITES : Comparative study of different non-destructive testing techniques in the characterisation and quantification of the damage effects in carbon-epoxy laminates ». Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 46, n^o 9 (septembre 2004) : 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.46.9.559.40840.

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Cotič, Patricia, Ernst Niederleithinger, Vlatko Bosiljkov et Zvonko Jagliċiċ. « NDT Data Fusion for the Enhancement of Defect Visualization in Concrete ». Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (juillet 2013) : 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.175.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and active thermography are well known non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for structural visualization and defect detection in concrete. However, for both methods, the probability of detection is strongly depth-dependent and each method suffers from an almost blind region at a specific depth. In this study we propose the use of unsupervised clustering techniques for the fusion of GPR and thermographic phase contrast data to enhance defect visualization in concrete. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of experimental data acquired on laboratory concrete test specimens, which contain inbuilt anomalies varying in shape, material and position. To achieve an optimal fusion of radar depth slices and thermographic phase contrast images along the depth axis, we derive sensitivity curves for both NDT methods and use the probability mass information to further improve the fusion results. Results show that the fuzzy c-means algorithm may contribute to an enhanced detection probability of defects below high density reinforcement. For defects with a concrete cover from 1.5 to 2 cm, the use of weighted clustering is particularly suggested. In general, complex defect types and shapes could be better resolved by using the Gustafson-Kessel algorithm or noise clustering. In addition, we demonstrate the application of the Dempster-Shafer theory to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of fused data on the basis of joint mass probability.

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