Bibliographies thématiques / Nominal fragment

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nominal fragment »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

Roth, Ori. « Study of the subtyping machine of nominal subtyping with variance ». Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (20 octobre 2021) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485514.

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This is a study of the computing power of the subtyping machine behind Kennedy and Pierce's nominal subtyping with variance. We depict the lattice of fragments of Kennedy and Pierce's type system and characterize their computing power in terms of regular, context-free, deterministic, and non-deterministic tree languages. Based on the theory, we present Treetop---a generator of C# implementations of subtyping machines. The software artifact constitutes the first feasible (yet POC) fluent API generator to support context-free API protocols in a decidable type system fragment.

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., Herman, Nguyen Van Thao et Naomi Anggraini Purba. « Investigating Sentence Fragments in Comic Books : A Syntactic Perspective ». World Journal of English Language 11, n^o 2 (3 septembre 2021) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v11n2p139.

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This research is aimed to analyze sentence fragments in a comic. The main research questions raised in this paper are: What types of sentence fragments can be seen in comic Hunter X Hunter by Yoshihiro Togashi 1998? What factor types can be found in comic Hunter X Hunter by Yoshihiro Togashi 1998? The paper uses the qualitative method to conduct content and document analysis (Choy & Clark, 2010). The source of data was the comic entitled ‘Hunter X Hunter in which the researchers discovered six forms of Sentence Fragments after studying the data: fragments of adjective clause, adverbial clause, nominal clause, appositive, infinitive clauses, missing subject, participial, and prepositional phrase fragments. The information was gathered from 30 chapters of Yoshihiro's comic. There were 34 Sentence Fragments, 13 (38%) Dependent clause fragment, 21(62%) into-phrase fragment. There are 6 types of sentence Fragment factors that were investigated by Bashir (2016), but in this comic only 4 factors were found; namely, Omission of the Verb (50%), Subject (20%), and Object (10%), omission of both subject and verb (10%), and Appositive or list Fragments (10%).

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KURZ, ALEXANDER, et DANIELA PETRIŞAN. « On universal algebra over nominal sets ». Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, n^o 2 (25 mars 2010) : 285–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129509990399.

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We investigate universal algebra over the category Nom of nominal sets. Using the fact that Nom is a full reflective subcategory of a monadic category, we obtain an HSP-like theorem for algebras over nominal sets. We isolate a ‘uniform’ fragment of our equational logic, which corresponds to the nominal logics present in the literature. We give semantically invariant translations of theories for nominal algebra and NEL into ‘uniform’ theories, and systematically prove HSP theorems for models of these theories.

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Bedek, Jana, Stefano Taiti, Helena Bilandžija, Emma Ristori et Mariella Baratti. « Molecular and taxonomic analyses in troglobiotic Alpioniscus (Illyrionethes) species from the Dinaric Karst (Isopoda : Trichoniscidae) ». Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, n^o 3 (27 août 2019) : 539–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz056.

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Abstract Species richness of terrestrial isopods is high in caves of the Dinaric Karst, which hosts ~10% of the world’s nominal oniscidean troglobionts. The most widespread taxon is the southern European genus Alpioniscus, which consists of two subgenera: Alpioniscus s.s. and Illyrionethes. Before this study, 14 nominal troglobiotic Illyrionethes taxa were recorded from the Dinaric Karst. Our molecular analyses using two mitochnodrial DNA (16S rRNA and COI) fragments and a nuclear gene (H3) fragment on all known Dinaric taxa identified three distinct lineages: strasseri-, heroldi- and magnus-lineage. Our results confirmed the validity of most nominal species. The exceptions are Alpioniscus balthasari, which consists of two different species including Alpioniscus iapodicus, and Alpioniscus heroldi, which is paraphyletic with respect to Alpioniscus bosniensis. The strasseri-lineage was highly supported by all phylogenetic methods used; therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis to distinguish and characterize the species of this group. New morphological characters, such as body part ratios, are proposed for future species identification. In addition, we redescribe three known species (Alpioniscus strasseri, Alpioniscus christiani and Alpioniscus balthasari) and describe two new ones (Alpioniscus hirci sp. nov. and Alpioniscus velebiticus sp. nov.). As a result, 15 nominal species of Illyrionethes are currently known from the Dinaric Karst.

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Kodner, Jacob. « The case of fragment answers ». Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, n^o 1 (5 mai 2022) : 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5214.

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This paper investigates the case of bare-(pro)nominal fragment answers, and specifically the issues that arise in analyzing the case of fragment DPs from subject questions. I adopt a middle ground approach between competing theories of nonsententials—namely the Ellipsis Approach (Merchant 2004) and the approach of Direct Interpretation (Barton & Progovac 2005)—and propose fragment DPs to be derived from a null vP. For their case forms, I compare two different theories of case—assignment by functional heads and Dependent Case Theory—and hypothesize that fragment DPs construed as the internal argument are realized in dependent case for nominative-accusative languages. Fragment DPs construed as the external argument would be found in their default case form, which is language-specific. Fragment answer data from English, Korean, and Serbian is used to provide crosslinguistic support for this null vP analysis and discussion of case.

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Fagerquist, Clifton K., Brandon R. Garbus, Katherine E. Williams, Anna H. Bates, Síobhán Boyle et Leslie A. Harden. « Web-Based Software for Rapid Top-Down Proteomic Identification of Protein Biomarkers, with Implications for Bacterial Identification ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n^o 13 (1 mai 2009) : 4341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00079-09.

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ABSTRACT We have developed web-based software for the rapid identification of protein biomarkers of bacterial microorganisms. Proteins from bacterial cell lysates were ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass isolated, and fragmented using a tandem time of flight (TOF-TOF) mass spectrometer. The sequence-specific fragment ions generated were compared to a database of in silico fragment ions derived from bacterial protein sequences whose molecular weights are the same as the nominal molecular weights of the protein biomarkers. A simple peak-matching and scoring algorithm was developed to compare tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) fragment ions to in silico fragment ions. In addition, a probability-based significance-testing algorithm (P value), developed previously by other researchers, was incorporated into the software for the purpose of comparison. The speed and accuracy of the software were tested by identification of 10 protein biomarkers from three Campylobacter strains that had been identified previously by bottom-up proteomics techniques. Protein biomarkers were identified using (i) their peak-matching scores and/or P values from a comparison of MS-MS fragment ions with all possible in silico N and C terminus fragment ions (i.e., ions a, b, b-18, y, y-17, and y-18), (ii) their peak-matching scores and/or P values from a comparison of MS-MS fragment ions to residue-specific in silico fragment ions (i.e., in silico fragment ions resulting from polypeptide backbone fragmentation adjacent to specific residues [aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, etc.]), and (iii) fragment ion error analysis, which distinguished the systematic fragment ion error of a correct identification (caused by calibration drift of the second TOF mass analyzer) from the random fragment ion error of an incorrect identification.

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Jayat, J. Pablo, Pablo E. Ortiz, Guillermo D’Elía, Jorge Salazar-Bravo et Bruce D. Patterson. « Taxonomic status of the nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens (Rodentia, Cricetidae) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence ». Journal of Mammalogy 101, n^o 1 (29 novembre 2019) : 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz187.

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Abstract Necromys is a genus of sigmodontine rodent that inhabits grasslands and scrublands in South America. Eight extant species are recognized in the genus; one of these is Necromys lactens, which inhabits high-elevation grasslands in the Yungas from south-central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina. Morphological variation in N. lactens has been recognized by the description of three nominal forms. Geographically structured genetic diversity also has been observed, but a thorough revision of these nominal forms within an integrative framework has yet to be performed. We conducted a phylogeographic assessment based on an 801 base-pair fragment of the cytochrome-b gene that guided morphometric analyses (univariate and multivariate comparisons) of patterns of geographic variation in the species, and the distinction of its nominal forms. Haplotypes of N. lactens form a well-supported and geographically structured clade. Within it, there are two main clades; haplotypes from the northern range form a well-supported clade, sister and allopatric to a weakly supported southern clade, which includes variants collected at or near the type localities of three nominal forms. In turn, both main clades are composed by two allopatric subclades. Morphometric analyses indicated no differences in shape of the skull among the three nominal forms or between the recovered clades and subclades. Taking together all the available evidence, we consider N. lactens to be a monotypic species. Necromys es un género de roedor sigmodontino que habita los pastizales y arbustales de América del Sur. Se reconocen ocho especies actualmente en existencia en el género; una de ellas, Necromys lactens, habita pastizales de altura en las Yungas, desde el centro-sur de Bolivia hasta el noroeste de Argentina. Se ha reconocido variación morfológica en N. lactens con base en descripciones de tres formas nominales; también se ha observado diversidad genética geográficamente estructurada, pero una revisión exhaustiva de esas formas nominales dentro de un esquema integrativo aún no se ha llevado a cabo. Realizamos una evaluación filogeográfica basada en un fragmento de 801 pares de bases del gen citocromo b que orientó análisis morfométricos (comparaciones univariadas y multivariadas) respecto al patrón geográfico de variación de la especie y la distinción de sus formas nominales. Los haplotipos de N. lactens forman un clado bien apoyado y geográficamente estructurado. Dentro de este clado, los haplotipos del norte de su área de distribución forman un clado bien apoyado que es hermano y alopátrico con respecto de un clado austral débilmente apoyado, el cual incluye variantes colectadas en las localidades tipo de las tres formas nominales o sus cercanías. A su vez, ambos clados principales están compuestos por dos sub-clados alopátricos. Los análisis morfométricos no revelaron diferencias en la forma del cráneo entre las tres formas nominales ni entre los clados y sub-clados recuperados. Teniendo en cuenta toda la evidencia disponible, consideramos que N. lactens es una especie monotípica.

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Ward, M. M., R. E. Ward, J. H. Huang et H. Kohler. « Idiotope vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. A precursor study. » Journal of Immunology 139, n^o 8 (15 octobre 1987) : 2775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.8.2775.

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Abstract An analysis of nominal vs idiotope antigen-induced B cell precursors was performed in A/St mice. With the use of the splenic fragment culture system, the quantity and quality of B cell precursors responding to two anti-idiotope carrier antigens (4C11 hemocyanin and F6 hemocyanin) and nominal antigen (phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin) were compared. In addition, the effect of priming with anti-idiotope-carrier antigens on B cell precursors responding to phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin was determined. We found that one anti-idiotope-carrier antigen, 4C11-hemocyanin, and phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin stimulated similar subpopulations of primary B cells. However, the B cell population stimulated by F6-hemocyanin, the other anti-idiotype complex, was distinct. Furthermore, priming with certain idiotope antigens can direct the phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin response into the expression of idiotypes that may be the most effective in protective immunity. Our results provide essential information for the rational design of idiotype vaccines by clarifying the dynamic relationship of the B cell precursor repertoire with the in vivo antibody response in the response to nominal and idiotope antigens.

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Naderi, D., et A. Farmani. « Investigation of the 16O+194Pt reaction : One- and two-dimensional dynamical interpretation ». International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, n^o 04 (avril 2017) : 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301317500136.

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In this paper, we applied the Langevin dynamical model to investigate the different aspects of the [Formula: see text]O+[Formula: see text]Pt reaction. Elongation and orientation degree of freedom ([Formula: see text] coordinate) which are the first and second dimensions of dynamical calculations, are presented here. Fission time, fission cross-section, pre-scission neutron multiplicity, and fission probability were calculated using one- and two-dimensional Langevin equations. Also, anisotropy of fission-fragments angular distribution has been investigated based on the transition state model, one- and two-dimensional Langevin dynamical models. It was found that by adding the orientation degree of freedom to calculations, the fission time and pre-scission neutrons multiplicity increases whereas fission cross-section, and fission probability decreases. The two-dimensional dynamical calculations are a better match to the experimental data than the one-dimensional dynamical calculations, when using nominal values for the reduced dissipation coefficient and shape-dependent level density parameter. However, if model parameters are adjusted to reproduce the fission cross-section data, then both the one- and two-dimensional models give a satisfactory match to the fission fragment anisotropy data. Nonequilibrium [Formula: see text] distributions in the dynamical model can better explain the experimental anisotropy of the angular distribution of fission-fragments with respect to the equilibrium [Formula: see text] distribution in saddle and scission point transition state models.

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Buelow, R., R. E. O'Hehir, R. Schreifels, T. J. Kummerehl, G. Riley et J. R. Lamb. « Localization of the immunologic activity in the superantigen Staphylococcal enterotoxin B using truncated recombinant fusion proteins. » Journal of Immunology 148, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1992) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.1.1.

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Abstract The exotoxins of certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus strains are able both to stimulate potent proliferation and induce anergy in T lymphocytes expressing the appropriate T cell Ag receptor V beta gene elements. Although T cell activation by the S. aureus enterotoxins requires the presence of accessory cells bearing class II Ag of the MHC, unlike the peptide fragments of nominal Ag, they contact the external surfaces of both the class II MHC and TCR molecules. This paper investigates the immunologically active domains of S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) using truncated fragments of rSEB expressed as a fusion protein with protein A. The results of the experiments reported here indicate that the minimal fragment of SEB able to stimulate and induce anergy in hemagglutinin-reactive human T cells expressing V beta 3.1 gene elements is located in the amino-terminal portion of the molecule within residues 1-138. Deletion of the first 30 amino acid residues renders rSEB unable to stimulate T cells expressing V beta 3.1, whereas polyclonal T cells still respond to this molecule. This implies that the stimulation of several TCR-V beta families may be caused by the interaction with different regions of the toxin. The localization of immunologically active sites in the bacterial enterotoxins is needed to investigate both their biology and potential application as immunomodulatory agents.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

Comandini, Gloria. « Il frammento nominale nell’italiano digitato colloquiale. Proposta di classificazione sintattica, prospettive di analisi e applicazioni sul campo ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/323787.

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Questo studio si concentra sull’analisi di un fenomeno assai comune nell’italiano e ben attestato da oltre un secolo in diverse altre lingue, antiche e moderne: le costruzioni prive di un verbo in forma finita nel loro nucleo sintattico principale, che evidentemente non sono state oggetto di una ellissi e che non sempre possono essere definite frasi. Dopo le analisi su questo fenomeno fatte da Mortara Garavelli (1971) sullo scritto letterario e da Cresti (1998) sul parlato colloquiale, in questa ricerca si vuole indagare la natura delle costruzioni senza verbo in una nuova varietà di italiano, ossia lo scritto informale e dialogico prodotto sul web, che sarà definito in questa ricerca come italiano digitato colloquiale (IDC). Pertanto, questo studio adotta un approccio corpus-based, ricercando le costruzioni senza verbo in una raccolta di testi di IDC realmente prodotti, ossia nel corpus COSMIANU (Corpus Of Social Media Italian Annotated with Nominal Utterances) (Comandini et al., 2018). Si è dunque deciso di individuare il fenomeno sulla base della definizione di enunciato nominale di Ferrari (2011; 2014), ma adottando due prospettive sintattiche ancora mai applicate in ambito italiano: la teoria sentenzialista di Merchant (2004; 2006; 2010) e quella non-sentenzialista di Barton & Progovac (2005), entrambe applicate in inglese a strutture ellittiche definite frammenti senza antecedente esplicito. Pertanto, si è deciso di definire le strutture senza verbo studiate come frammenti nominali, nell’ottica tanto di inquadrare un fenomeno che, nella nuova varietà di lingua studiata, assume forme diverse rispetto allo scritto letterario e al parlato colloquiale, quanto di unire simbolicamente due tradizioni di studio delle costruzioni senza verbo che non si sono mai incontrate, ossia quella italo-francese, risalente a Meillet (1906), e quella anglo-americana, risalente a Sweet (1900). Grazie all’analisi dei frammenti nominali nell’italiano digitato colloquiale in ottica non-sentenzialista, si so-no individuate undici classi di frammenti nominali, alcuni dei quali possono essere considerati delle frasi, poi-ché contengono o un rapporto predicativo tra due costituenti, o una Tense Phrase al proprio interno. Sul fronte dell’analisi sentenzialista, invece, si è ipotizzata l’esistenza di una nuova categoria di frammenti nominali, nei quali è stato eliso un elemento pro e un verbo essere. Grazie al contributo tanto della teoria sentenzialista, quanto di quella non-sentenzialista, è stato possibile notare come l’ IDC abbia come uno dei tanti tratti diagnostici proprio la presenza di frammenti nominali che ne incarnano le caratteristiche principali, ossia: a) l’estrema natura dialogica, che quindi spiega l’alta presenza di formule di saluto e di ringraziamento (es.: CIAO A TUTTE LE FANS; grazie 1000000000000) e di interiezioni (es.: bleah!); b) la forte aderenza al contesto comunicativo, con frammenti nominali che hanno come nodo iniziale un NP, un DP o un AP che fa direttamente riferimento a un elemento precedentemente reso rilevante nel contesto (es.: Bellissimoooooooooooo !!!!!!!!!!!!), oppure a un elemento immediatamente successivo, di cui si specifica la natura (es.: una domanda... perché é all'inverso?). Successivamente, si è testato come l’individuazione e l’analisi sintattica dei frammenti nominali possa aiutare a comprendere e a riconoscere meglio l’hate speech. Analizzando i frammenti nominali portatori d’odio nel corpus di tweet razzisti POP-HS-IT (Comandini & Patti, 2019), si è notato come l’ IDC d’odio presenti le medesime classi di frammenti nominali individuate in COSMIANU, ma in percentuali diverse, con una partico-lare rilevanza dei frammenti nominali che hanno come nodo iniziale un FocP (es.: FUORI QUESTE MERDE UMANE DALL'ITALIA). Inoltre, si è trovata una notevole presenza di frammenti nominali di classe FocP (es.: pezzi di merda loro e tutto l’islam) corrispondenti alle frasi esclamative studiate da Munaro (2006) (es.: Noioso, il tuo amico!), in cui l’elemento focalizzato a sinistra (pezzi di merda) è sempre una caratteristica intrinseca e non temporanea del soggetto (loro e tutto l’islam). Questa tipologia di frammenti nominali esclamativi e focalizzati veicola alcune delle caratteristiche più universali dell’hate speech, ossia l’espressione di un odio generalizzato e non dibattibile verso una categoria di persone vista come un gruppo monolitico. L’individuazione dei frammenti nominali più caratteristici dell’hate speech potrebbe aiutare i tool automatici ad annotare i testi d’odio in maniera più accurata.

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Garcia, Marchena Oscar. « Phrases averbales et fragments de l’espagnol oral : étude de corpus ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC313.

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Les phrases averbales se distinguent des fragments car (es premières sont analysées comme des structures non elliptiques dont la tête est réalisée par une partie du discours différente du verbe fléchi, alors que les deuxièmes sont des structures dont la tête ou l'argument sélectionné est elliptique. Cette thèse en présente une typologie et une étude sur leur emploi dans un corpus oral de l'espagnol contemporain (CORLEC) composé de 63000 énoncés de genres différents, classés en monologiques et dialogiques. Cette typologie distingue deux types propres aux phrases averbales : polaires et existentielles, ainsi que deux types propres aux fragments : modifieurs et argumentaux, à tête verbale elliptique. Le reste des types (épistémiques, évaluatives et illocutoires) forment aussi bien des phrases averbales que des fragments, qui se distinguent par leur structure syntaxique : les fragments correspondent à des phrases averbales avec un argument elliptique. L'analyse du corpus montre que les phrases averbales et les fragments sont assez fréquents en racine (7434 items, soit 11,7'5% de tous !es énoncés du corpus), et plus rares en subordination (734 items). Elles sont aussi plus fréquentes dans les genres dialogiques que. Dans les monologiques (13 % vs. 8%). De même, en racine, les fragments sont plus fréquents que les phrases averbales, alors que les phrases averbales sont plus facilement subordonnées que les fragments. Cette analyse a donné lieu à une base des données de 8168 énoncés sans verbe, dont les phrases averbales ont été classifiées par leur structure et leur type syntaxique, ainsi que par la partie du discours de leur tête
Verbless clauses differ from fragments in their structure : the first ones are analysed as non elliptic structures where the head is a part of speech different from a tensed verb, whereas the second ones are structures where either the head or the seiected argument is elliptic. This thesis prescrits une anayse and typology of these two kinds of structures, as well as a study on their distribution in a corpus conternporary oral Spanish (CORLEC), composed by 63000 utterances of different genres, ciassified as either mariologie or dialogic. This classification distinguishes two types which are exclusif of verbiess clauses : polar and existentiel, as well as two types which are oniy found among fragments : modifieur et argumentai, with an elliptic verbal head. The remaining types (episternic, evaluative and illocutive) can form either verbiess clauses or fragments, both differing in syntactic structure : fragments correspond to verbless clauses vvith an elliptic argument. The corpus analysis shows that verbless clauses and fragments are quite frequent in root position (7434 items, that is 11,75% of the total of corpus utterances) and rare in subordination (734 items). 'They are aise) more fréquent in dialogic that : in mariologie genres (13 % vs. 8%). Furthermore, in root position, fragments are more frequent thon verbless clauses, while the latter are more easily subordinated. This analysis kas led to a data base of 8168 verbess utterances, where verbless clauses are classified by their syntactic type and structure as well as by the part of speech of the head

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Livres sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

(Editor), F. W. Hall, et W. M. Geldart (Editor), dir. Aristophanis Comoediae (Tomus II : Lysistratam, Thesmophoriazusas, Ranas, Ecclesiazusas, Plutum, Fragmenta, Indicem Nominum continens). Oxford University Press, USA, 1993.

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Diodorus. Bibliotheca Historica, vol. VI : Fragmenta, Libri XXI-XL ; Index Nominum et Rerum (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana). K.G. SAUR VERLAG, 1998.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

Dimitrova-Vulchanova, Mila, et Giuliana Giusti. « Fragments of Balkan Nominal Structure ». Dans Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 333. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.22.12dim.

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« INDEX NOMINVM ». Dans Theosophorum Graecorum fragmenta, 136–41. B. G. Teubner, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110958829.136.

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« INDEX NOMINVM ». Dans Porphyrii Philosophi fragmenta, 632–45. B. G. Teubner, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110936940.632.

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« Index nominum ». Dans Excerpta et fragmenta, sous la direction de Pia Carolla. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110972412-010.

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« Mass Analysis ». Dans Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry : How Do I Get the Best Results ?, 99–142. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782629283-00099.

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This chapter on mass spectrometry (MS) provides a compact overview of the area from the basic fundamentals to key applications selected to give the best understanding and indicate the proper use of GC-MS instrumentation. We start with a historical perspective on mass spectrometry, which is followed by a section on the foundations of atom theory which introduces important terminology and the laws of nature (the origin of atomic and molecular mass, natural distributions of isotopes, the mass defect and the monoisotopic as well as the nominal mass of a given ion etc.). Subsequently, the reader finds condensed sections on MS instrumentation, in which the two most important ionisation methods (electron (impact) ionisation (EI) and chemical ionisation (CI)) and MS analysers (time of flight (TOF), linear quadrupole and quadrupole ion trap analysers) used for mass-to-charge value determination in GC-MS, are covered. Finally, we convey the fundamental principles of EI mass spectral interpretation. After a close look at the isotopic distributions found in the molecular ion region of EI mass spectra, we discuss the formation of characteristic fragment ions observed in EI mass spectra of exemplary organic compounds. The reader will be shown how to understand prototypical EI fragmentation pathways, which have been selected to exemplify how to identify, assign and suggest individual ion structures on the basis of EI mass spectra.

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« II. Index nominum ». Dans Figures d’empire, fragments de mémoire, 562–72. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.68689.

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« Index Nominvm Et Rervm ». Dans Gargilius Martialis : The Agricultural Fragments, 368–83. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108759489.009.

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« 5. Verba selecta et nomina propria in commentariis usurpata ». Dans Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. II : Fragmenta Adespota /Testimonia Volumini 1 Addenda / Indices ad Volumina 1 et 2, 412. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666257575.412a.

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« 5. VERBA SELECTA ET NOMINA PROPRIA IN COMMENTARIIS USURP ATA ». Dans Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. I : Didascaliae Tragicae / Catalogi Tragicorum et Tragoediarum / Testimonia et Fragmenta Tragicorum Minorum, 412. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666257254.412a.

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« INDEX NOMINUM ET RERUM ». Dans Joannis Episcopi Ephesi Syri Monophysitae Commentarii de Beatis Orientalibus et Historiae Ecclesiasticae Fragmenta, sous la direction de W. J. Van Douwen et Jan Pieter Nicolaas Land, 251–58. Piscataway, NJ, USA : Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463227098-065.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

Chen, P. C., D. S. Park, B. H. You, N. Kim, T. Park, D. E. Nikitopoulos, S. A. Soper et M. C. Murphy. « A High Throughput Microfluidic Thermal Reactor ». Dans ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13130.

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A high throughput microfluidic system including a 96 continuous flow (CF) thermal reactors and a multi-zone thermal control system was designed and fabricated. An infrared camera (IR) was used to analyze and verify the uniformity of the temperature distribution. Temperature variations from the nominal values were ±2°C in the denaturation zone and ±1°C in the renaturation and extension zones. Six different DNA fragments, with lengths ranging from 99 bp to 997 bp, were obtained from a λ-DNA template, each with a distinct renaturation temperature. As an initial demonstration of the biochemical performance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactor arrays, a column device comprised of eight 25-cycle CFPCRs was used to amplify identical PCR cocktails for each DNA fragment simultaneously at a flow velocity of 2 mm/s. All but the 997 bp were successfully amplified. Yields for the 99 bp fragment varied from 15%–36% of the amplicon on block thermal cycler. In a second experiment, a row device composed of six 25-cycle CFPCRs was used to successfully, simultaneously amplify cocktails for all six DNA fragment lengths at a flow velocity of 1 mm/s in parallel. Each device in the row had a distinct renaturation temperature to match the DNA fragment length. The parallel thermal arrays can be used in modular systems including both PCR for amplification and, for example, ligase detection reaction (LDR) for mutation detection.

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Tena Cucala, David, Bernardo Cuenca Grau et Ian Horrocks. « Consequence-based Reasoning for Description Logics with Disjunction, Inverse Roles, Number Restrictions, and Nominals ». Dans Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/272.

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We present a consequence-based calculus for concept subsumption and classification in the description logic ALCHOIQ, which extends ALC with role hierarchies, inverse roles, number restrictions, and nominals. By using standard transformations, our calculus extends to SROIQ, which covers all of OWL 2 DL except for datatypes. A key feature of our calculus is its pay-as-you-go behaviour: unlike existing algorithms, our calculus is worst-case optimal for all the well-known proper fragments of ALCHOIQ, albeit not for the full logic.

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Baader, Franz, et Francesco Kriegel. « Pushing Optimal ABox Repair from EL Towards More Expressive Horn-DLs ». Dans 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/3.

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Ontologies based on Description Logic (DL) represent general background knowledge in a terminology (TBox) and the actual data in an ABox. DL systems can then be used to compute consequences (such as answers to certain queries) from an ontology consisting of a TBox and an ABox. Since both human-made and machine-learned data sets may contain errors, which manifest themselves as unintuitive or obviously incorrect consequences, repairing DL-based ontologies in the sense of removing such unwanted consequences is an important topic in DL research. Most of the repair approaches described in the literature produce repairs that are not optimal, in the sense that they do not guarantee that only a minimal set of consequences is removed. In a series of papers, we have developed an approach for computing optimal repairs, starting with the restricted setting of an EL instance store, extending this to the more general setting of a quantified ABox (where some individuals may be anonymous), and then adding a static EL TBox. Here, we extend the expressivity of the underlying DL considerably, by adding nominals, inverse roles, regular role inclusions and the bottom concept to EL, which yields a fragment of the well-known DL Horn-SROIQ. The ideas underlying our repair approach still apply to this DL, though several non-trivial extensions are needed to deal with the new constructors and axioms. The developed repair approach can also be used to treat unwanted consequences expressed by certain conjunctive queries or regular path queries, and to handle Horn-ALCOI TBoxes with regular role inclusions.

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Lee, Raymond L. « Green Icebergs and Atmospheric Optics ». Dans Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.thd6.

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Icebergs are hardly colorless monoliths, and even nominally white bergs routinely display many hues.1-3 However, satisfactorily accounting for vivid bottle-green icebergs4-8 has proven to be an elusive goal. Obviously, the colors of some sea and glacier ice are caused by intrinsically colored9 minerals or organisms.10-12 Yet ice recently taken from (or near) green icebergs indicates that they may not be dominated by green inclusions. Amos reported that an unusual ice sample taken near a green iceberg was “remarkably bubble-free” and included "a large number of fibers …ranging from colorless to blue, orange, and green; obsidian flakes; a few quartz grains; amorphous aggregates; black, charcoal-like fragments; pieces of shelly material; and diatoms …."7 Dieckmann et al. sampled a green iceberg in the Weddell Sea, and they found ice containing "grey mineral and biogenic material apparently of marine origin" distributed in “relatively well defined layers" throughout.8 They reached the same tentative conclusion as Amos, holding that: "Our analyses and observations confirm that the green colouration was not caused by green pigmentation, but probably by reflection and/or absorption of light due to the more or less densely spaced, parallel layers of incorporated debris. Green feldspars which could have been responsible for the colour were rarely found. "8 They also note that their ice block "changed from green to a translucent white upon separation from the iceberg. "8 (Gerhard Dieckmann kindly provided me with some original color slides of this green iceberg.)

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Nominal fragment"

Hamann, Franz, Cesar Anzola, Oscar Avila-Montealegre, Juan Carlos Castro-Fernandez, Anderson Grajales-Olarte, Alexander Guarín, Juan C. Mendez-Vizcaino, Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro et Mario A. Ramos-Veloza. Monetary Policy Response to a Migration Shock : An Analysis for a Small Open Economy. Banco de la República de Colombia, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1153.

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We develop a small open economy model with nominal rigidities and fragmented labor markets to study the response of the monetary policy to a migration shock. Migrants are characterized by their productivity levels, their restrictions to accumulate capital, as well as by the flexibility of their labor income. Our results show that the monetary policy response depends on the characteristics of migrants and the local labor market. An inflow of low(high)-productivity workers reduces(increases) marginal costs, lowers(raises) inflation expectations and pushes the Central Bank to reduce(increase) the interest rate. The model is calibrated to the Colombian economy and used to analyze a migratory inflow of financially constraint workers from Venezuela into a sector with flexible and low wages.

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Baader, Franz, et Francesco Kriegel. Pushing Optimal ABox Repair from EL Towards More Expressive Horn-DLs : Extended Version. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.131.

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