Bibliographies thématiques / Nitrogen fixation proce

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nitrogen fixation proce »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nitrogen fixation proce"

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Atkins, C. A. « The Legume/Rhizobium Symbiosis : Limitations to Maximizing Nitrogen Fixation ». Outlook on Agriculture 15, no 3 (septembre 1986) : 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500305.

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Although the recent fall in the price of oil will ultimately be reflected in some reduction in the price of nitrogenous fertilizers the cost of the latter will still be sufficient to maintain interest in techniques of biological nitrogen fixation. This is attractive, in the sense that it involves direct utilization of atmospheric nitrogen as a free good but there are some costs, not yet possible to evaluate, to be set on the debit side. There is, therefore, need for much more research.
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Angus, J. F., et M. B. Peoples. « Nitrogen from Australian dryland pastures ». Crop and Pasture Science 63, no 9 (2012) : 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12161.

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Legume-based pastures, particularly those containing a large proportion of lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa), have a prodigious capacity to fix atmospheric N2. Budgets of N show that permanent pastures in south-eastern Australia, when growing with no management limitations, can supply more N than is removed in animal products and can eventually lead to excess soil N. For a mixed crop–livestock farm, legume-dominant ley pastures occupying ~40% of the land area can maintain a stable N balance. The actual performance of pastures on farms normally falls below the potential. Pastures are being replaced by crops in the wheat-sheep zone and, to a lesser extent, in the high-rainfall zone. Pasture productivity, as indicated by the area topdressed, the mean stocking rate, input of superphosphate and sale of pasture legume seed has decreased in the period 1990–2010. It is therefore likely that N2 fixation by pastures is falling sharply in the wheat–sheep zone and is static or falling slightly in the high-rainfall zone. Reversing the decrease in N2 fixation by pastures will become important if the real price of N fertilisers increases, as seems likely because the efficiency of fertiliser synthesis is approaching a maximum and the reserves of natural gas feedstock will eventually be depleted. Increased N2 fixation by pastures will depend on more profitable grazing industries, improved management methods and genotypes, and re-adoption of ley pastures by farmers. There is evidence that profitability of grazing enterprises is approaching that of crops so investment in pasture science is likely to lead to increased N2 fixation.
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Hatano, Soshi, Yoichi Fujita, Yoshifumi Nagumo, Norikuni Ohtake, Kuni Sueyoshi, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Takashi Sato et al. « Effect of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on the Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers for Soybean Cultivation ». International Journal of Agronomy 2019 (3 février 2019) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9724214.

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The deep placement of urea fertilizer (DMU) containing 1% (W/W) of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soybean growth and seed yield was as effective as those of the coated urea (CU) and lime nitrogen (LN) in a field research. The average seed yields were high in LN (464 g·m−2) and DMU (461 g·m−2) and relatively low in CU (405 g·m−2), U (396 g·m−2), and Cont (373 g·m−2) treatments. The accumulations of dry matter and nitrogen in soybean shoots were higher in the plants with deep placement of CU, LN, and DMU than U and Cont. The daily nitrogen fixation activity and daily nitrogen absorption rate were calculated based on the relative ureide method. Both nitrogen fixation activity and nitrogen absorption rate were higher in DMU, CU, and LN compared with control treatment, suggesting that the deep placement of DMU did not repress nitrogen fixation. Soil incubation test was performed using the same field soil with DMU, U, LN, and urea with DMPP 1%, 2%, and 4%. DMU inhibits nitrification similar to the pattern of LN until 8 weeks. The increasing DMPP concentration did not markedly increase the nitrification inhibition. From these results, it was concluded that urea fertilizer with 1% DMPP is efficient for deep placement of N fertilizer for soybean cultivation due to its lower price compared with CU and LN.
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Walker, T. W. « The value of N-fixation to pastoral agriculture in New Zealand ». NZGA : Research and Practice Series 6 (1 janvier 1996) : 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3349.

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White clover in New Zealand fixes nitrogen equivalent to 4.5 million tonnes of urea annually. Experiments on the tactical use of about 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 to stimulate grass growth when clovers are less active indicate that it is generally profitable, but much heavier dressings have rarely been shown to pay at current cost/price structures. The significance of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) cannot be measured solely by dry matter yields as the quality of herbage is influenced by the contribution of clover and affects yields of animal products and health. Our dependence on BNF gives us a relatively low energycost system of pastoral farming because of the high energy cost of producing fertiliser-N and is therefore more sustainable. The heavy use of fertiliser-N suppresses clover growth and N-fixation, increases losses of ammonia and nitrous oxide to the air and nitrate in drainage water. The extra stock carried leads to greater emission of methane. Reliance on clovers may give lower production but lessens damage to the environment. Keywords: biological nitrogen fixation, energy costs, environment, fertiliser nitrogen, pastoral agriculture, sustainability
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Pawlowski, Alice, Kai-Uwe Riedel, Werner Klipp, Petra Dreiskemper, Silke Groß, Holger Bierhoff, Thomas Drepper et Bernd Masepohl. « Yeast Two-Hybrid Studies on Interaction of Proteins Involved in Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus ». Journal of Bacteriology 185, no 17 (1 septembre 2003) : 5240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.17.5240-5247.2003.

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ABSTRACT Rhodobacter capsulatus contains two PII-like proteins, GlnB and GlnK, which play central roles in controlling the synthesis and activity of nitrogenase in response to ammonium availability. Here we used the yeast two-hybrid system to probe interactions between these PII-like proteins and proteins known to be involved in regulating nitrogen fixation. Analysis of defined protein pairs demonstrated the following interactions: GlnB-NtrB, GlnB-NifA1, GlnB-NifA2, GlnB-DraT, GlnK-NifA1, GlnK-NifA2, and GlnK-DraT. These results corroborate earlier genetic data and in addition show that PII-dependent ammonium regulation of nitrogen fixation in R. capsulatus does not require additional proteins, like NifL in Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, we found interactions for the protein pairs GlnB-GlnB, GlnB-GlnK, NifA1-NifA1, NifA2-NifA2, and NifA1-NifA2, suggesting that fine tuning of the nitrogen fixation process in R. capsulatus may involve the formation of GlnB-GlnK heterotrimers as well as NifA1-NifA2 heterodimers. In order to identify new proteins that interact with GlnB and GlnK, we constructed an R. capsulatus genomic library for use in yeast two-hybrid studies. Screening of this library identified the ATP-dependent helicase PcrA as a new putative protein that interacts with GlnB and the Ras-like protein Era as a new protein that interacts with GlnK.
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Berge, Odile, Thierry Heulin, Wafa Achouak, Claude Richard, Rene Bally et Jacques Balandreau. « Rahnella aquatilis, a nitrogen-fixing enteric bacterium associated with the rhizosphere of wheat and maize ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no 3 (1 mars 1991) : 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-030.

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In a study of dominant diazotrophic bacteria present in the rhizosphere of wheat and maize, 28 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. They were all Voges-Proskauer positive, motile at 28 °C but not at 37 °C, and they produced a Tween-80 esterase and did not exhibit decarboxylase activity. This fits well with the description of Rahnella aquatilis. The ability of these strains to reduce acetylene in pure culture and in association with their host plant and the DNA hybridization with a nifHDK probe are described. This is the first time that R. aquatilis is reported as a rhizosphere-associated bacterium and also a nitrogen fixer. Key words: Rahnella aquatilis, rhizosphere, wheat, maize, nitrogen fixation.
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Pederson, Dennis M., Arlene Daday et Geoffrey D. Smith. « The use of nickel to probe the role of hydrogen metabolism in cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation ». Biochimie 68, no 1 (janvier 1986) : 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9084(86)81076-8.

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Winzer, Till, Andrea Bairl, Monica Linder, Dietmar Linder, Dietrich Werner et Peter Müller. « A Novel 53-kDa Nodulin of the Symbiosome Membrane of Soybean Nodules, Controlled by Bradyrhizobium japonicum ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no 3 (mars 1999) : 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.3.218.

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A nodule-specific 53-kDa protein (GmNOD53b) of the symbiosome membrane from soybean was isolated and its LysC digestion products were microsequenced. cDNA clones of this novel nodulin, obtained from cDNA library screening with an RT-PCR (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)-generated hybridization probe exhibited no homology to proteins identified so far. The expression of GmNOD53b coincides with the onset of nitrogen fixation. Therefore, it is a late nodulin. Among other changes, the GmNOD53b is significantly reduced in nodules infected with the Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutant 184 on the protein level as well as on the level of mRNA expression, compared with the wild-type infected nodules. The reduction of GmNOD53b mRNA is related to an inactivation of the sipF gene in B. japonicum 184, coding for a functionally active signal peptidase.
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Wirsen, C. O., S. M. Sievert, C. M. Cavanaugh, S. J. Molyneaux, A. Ahmad, L. T. Taylor, E. F. DeLong et C. D. Taylor. « Characterization of an Autotrophic Sulfide-Oxidizing Marine Arcobacter sp. That Produces Filamentous Sulfur ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no 1 (janvier 2002) : 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.316-325.2002.

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ABSTRACT A coastal marine sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic bacterium produces hydrophilic filamentous sulfur as a novel metabolic end product. Phylogenetic analysis placed the organism in the genus Arcobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria. This motile vibrioid organism can be considered difficult to grow, preferring to grow under microaerophilic conditions in flowing systems in which a sulfide-oxygen gradient has been established. Purified cell cultures were maintained by using this approach. Essentially all 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained cells in a flowing reactor system hybridized with Arcobacter-specific probes as well as with a probe specific for the sequence obtained from reactor-grown cells. The proposed provisional name for the coastal isolate is “Candidatus Arcobacter sulfidicus.” For cells cultured in a flowing reactor system, the sulfide optimum was higher than and the CO2 fixation activity was as high as or higher than those reported for other sulfur oxidizers, such as Thiomicrospira spp. Cells associated with filamentous sulfur material demonstrated nitrogen fixation capability. No ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase could be detected on the basis of radioisotopic activity or by Western blotting techniques, suggesting an alternative pathway of CO2 fixation. The process of microbial filamentous sulfur formation has been documented in a number of marine environments where both sulfide and oxygen are available. Filamentous sulfur formation by “Candidatus Arcobacter sulfidicus” or similar strains may be an ecologically important process, contributing significantly to primary production in such environments.
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Prell, Jürgen, Bert Boesten, Philip Poole et Ursula B. Priefer. « The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39 γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) aminotransferase gene (gabT) is induced by GABA and highly expressed in bacteroids The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF335502. » Microbiology 148, no 2 (1 février 2002) : 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-2-615.

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A Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39 gene (gabT) encoding a γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) aminotransferase was identified, cloned and characterized. This gene is thought to be involved in GABA metabolism via the GABA shunt pathway, a theoretical bypass of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Mutants in gabT are still able to grow on GABA as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent GABA aminotransferase activity is absent in these mutants, while pyruvate-dependent activity remains unaffected. This indicates that at least two enzymes with different substrate specifities are involved in the GABA metabolism of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39. The gabT promoter was cloned into a newly constructed, stable promoter-probe vector pJP2, suitable for the study of transcriptional GUS fusions in free-living bacteria and during symbiosis. Under free-living conditions the gabT promoter is induced by GABA and repressed by succinate. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by GabR in a repressor-like manner. During symbiosis with the pea host plant gabT is induced and highly expressed in the symbiotic zone. Nodules induced by gabT mutants, however, are still effective in nitrogen fixation.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Nitrogen fixation proce"

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Lullien, Valérie. « Expression des genes vegetaux pendant la differenciation des nodosites de luzerne (medicago sativa) ». Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30238.

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Analyse des polypeptides obtenus par traduction in vitro d'arn messagers extraits de racines non nodulees, de nodosites fixatrices d'azote ou de nodosites non fixatrices. Etude de l'expression des genes codant pour les leghemoglobines et analyse de l'organisation de ces genes chez medicago sativa, des hybrides somatiques, et chez des legumineuses apparentees. Utilisation de sondes d'adn isolees d'autres especes de plantes pour suivre l'expression des genes codant pour des proteines connues pour jouer un role dans la symbiose (glutamine synthetase) ou les interactions plantes-microorganismes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, extensine)
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FONDI, MARCO. « Bioinformatics of genome evolution : from ancestral to modern metabolism ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/546258.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nitrogen fixation proce"

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Mortenson, L. E., T. V. Morgan et L. C. Seefeldt. « Use of Fe Protein Altered at Specific Amino Acid Positions to Probe Its Function in Nitrogenase Catalysis ». Dans New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation, 111–16. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_14.

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de Oliveira, V. M., Y. B. Rosato, H. L. C. Coutinho et G. P. Manfio. « Design of a 16S rRNA-Directed Oligonucleotide Probe for Bradyrhizobium Tropical Strains ». Dans Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 581. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_364.

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Helleren, C. A., C. N. Mc Mahon et G. J. Leigh. « The Use of Chemical Models to Probe the Mechanisms of Substrate Reduction Reactions of Nitrogenases ». Dans Nitrogen Fixation : From Molecules to Crop Productivity, 55–56. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47615-0_18.

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Zhou, J. C., L. X. Ma et Q. Z. Si. « Construction of a gfp Promoter-Probe Vector and its Application in the Study of Rhizobium fredii ». Dans Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 289. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_158.

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E.N. Savala, Canon, David Chikoye et Stephen Kyei-Boahen. « Inoculant Formulation and Application Determine Nitrogen Availability and Water Use Efficiency in Soybean Production ». Dans Soybean - Recent Advances in Research and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102639.

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Inoculation of suitable rhizobia enhances biological nitrogen fixation in soybean production and are economically viable for use among smallholder farmers due to its low price over inorganic commercial fertilizer blends. In Mozambique, inoculants are available in liquid or solid form (powder/peat or granular). Field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 seasons in three agroecologies (Angonia, Nampula and Ruace) in Mozambique to evaluate the performance of inoculants when applied directly to soil and on seed before planting. Data on nodulation, plant growth, nitrogen fixed, 13C isotope discrimination related water use efficiency, yield and yield components were analyzed in Statistical Analysis System® 9.4. Nodulation, yield, and yield components were significant for the different application methods, and solid form tended to be better than liquid form. The nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) were 45.3%, 44.2% and 43.6% with a yield of 2672, 1752 and 2246 kg ha−1 for Angonia, Nampula and Ruace, respectively. Overall, inoculants applied on soil or seed increase the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen and has the potential of improving soybean productivity in Mozambique.
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