Articles de revues : « NIEL Dose »

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Mattingly, David. « John Nigel Dore, FSA ». Libyan Studies 39 (2008) : 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009936.

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Li, Xiaowen, Xing Rong, Zhi Wang et Aihua Lin. « Association between Smoking and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss : A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 4 (13 février 2020) : 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041201.

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The purpose of this study was to synthesize the results of previously published observational studies through meta-analysis to clarify the association between smoking and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We searched several databases as of October 2019. Based on the results of heterogeneity analysis (Q statistic and I2 statistic), a fixed effect model (for no heterogeneity; Q test P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%) or a random effects model (for heterogeneity) was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs). We explored the potential dose-response relationship between smoking and NIHL as well. In total, 27 studies involving 30,465 participants were included. Compared with non-smokers, the pooled OR of current smokers was 2.05 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.71–2.46), and of former smokers was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05–1.18). We found a curve linear association between an increasing number of pack-years (packages/day × smoking years) and risk of NIHL. The dose-response meta-analysis suggested that when the number of pack-years was less than fifteen, the risk of NIHL was increasing, and the highest combined OR was 5.25 (95% CI: 2.30–11.96) for pack-years of fifteen. After fifteen pack-years, the pooled OR had a slow decline. Our study indicated that smoking is a risk factor for NIHL. Current smokers have a higher risk than former smokers, and there is a positive dose-response relationship between smoking and NIHL.

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Bernacka, Małgorzata, Anna Woźniacka, Karolina Malinowska et Jarosław Bogaczewicz. « A medium dose of UVA1 phototherapy does not diminish vitamin D level in patients with atopic dermatitis ». Dermatology Review 107, n^o 2 (2020) : 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/dr.2020.96358.

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Zhang, X. J., et Yan Niu. « Oxidation of Four NiAl-Ag Alloys at 900°C in 1 Atm O₂ ». Materials Science Forum 475-479 (janvier 2005) : 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.775.

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Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound β-NiAl for the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys NiAl-0.5Ag, NiAl-1Ag, NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag (at.%), and an Ag-free β-NiAl have been oxidized at 900oC for 24 h in 1 atm O2 to study the effect of the presence of silver on the oxidation of β-NiAl. The kinetics of all the alloys were generally composed of two main parabolic stages with slightly larger parabolic rate constants for the second stage, except for NiAl-10Ag, which has an instantaneous parabolic rate constant decreasing with time. A continuous external layer of Al2O3 formed on all the alloys. In particular, the scales formed on NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag contained a thin and discontinuous layer of silver at the alloy/Al2O3 interface. Furthermore, NiAl-10Ag formed also isolated Ag particles or even a discontinuous Ag layer occasionally surmounting the Al2O3 scale. The addition of minor amounts of silver does not affect significantly the oxidation of β-NiAl, because silver is essentially present as a second phase due to its very small solubility in this intermetallic compound.

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Afandi, N. F., Abreeza Manap, Halina Misran, S. Z. Othman et N. I. M. Pauzi. « Characterizations of NiAl-Al₂O₃ Produced Using Gel Combustion Synthesis Method ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (mai 2015) : 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.457.

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NiAl is widely used for elevated temperature application because it gives better properties, especially in the gas turbine application. This study was done in order to investigate the effects of calcination temperature on NiAl and α-Al2O3 formation using gel combustion synthesis method. This method used fatty alcohol and fatty acid ester for producing NiAl powders. X-Ray diffraction patterns of calcined samples exhibited NiAl and α-Al2O3 at temperature 1050°C. Therefore, nanostructured NiAl-α- Al2O3 can be successfully produced with the gel combustion method using less expensive and more environmental friendly fatty alcohol and fatty acid ester as fuels.

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Miles, David. « HOW LONG DOES ECONOMIC INJUSTICE LAST ? » National Institute Economic Review 255 (février 2021) : 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.50.

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This article assesses whether economic injustices that took place in the past still have significant implications for the material welfare of people many years later. That issue is central to the question of how fair is the distribution of wealth and income today. It is also relevant to issues of reparations for past wrongs. I find that in standard neoclassical models of economic growth the lingering effects of injustice from more than 70 years ago are generally small. But effects can last much longer once we allow for impacts of past injustices to be transmitted through human capital accumulation as well as physical capital.

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Pluta, Andrzej. « Why (what) does(n’t) kitsch teach ? » Podstawy Edukacji 13 (2020) : 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pe.2020.13.03.

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The aim of the article is to draw attention to kitsch as a category in the field of social sciences and humanities with appropriate implications for the pedagogical discipline I place the problem of kitsch within a specifically understood and cultivated cultural studies reflection. The system of concepts necessary for this embedding is presented in the following order: culture – art – participation in culture (art) – introduction to participation in culture (art). In the adopted perspective, delineating the boundaries between “art”, “bad art”, “anti-art”, “kitsch” is not very attractive. This problem is relieved of unnecessary tensions. The key here is the way of understanding the concept of culture, which implies an appropriate way of understanding art and, consequently, participation in and introduction to culture (art) (which is the primary function of education). The aim of the publication is to familiarize the reader with various ways of thinking about kitsch and to invite him to discuss it.

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Grabbe, Roman, Kai Klopprogge et Ruth A. Schmitz. « Fnr Is Required for NifL-Dependent Oxygen Control of nif Gene Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae ». Journal of Bacteriology 183, n^o 4 (15 février 2001) : 1385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.4.1385-1393.2001.

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ABSTRACT In Klebsiella pneumoniae, NifA-dependent transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes is inhibited by NifL in response to molecular oxygen and combined nitrogen. We recently showed that K. pneumoniae NifL is a flavoprotein, which apparently senses oxygen through a redox-sensitive, conformational change. We have now studied the oxygen regulation of NifL activity in Escherichia coli andK. pneumoniae strains by monitoring its inhibition of NifA-mediated expression of K. pneumoniaeø(nifH′-′lacZ) fusions in different genetic backgrounds. Strains of both organisms carryingfnr null mutations failed to release NifL inhibition of NifA transcriptional activity under oxygen limitation:nif induction was similar to the induction under aerobic conditions. When the transcriptional regulator Fnr was synthesized from a plasmid, it was able to complement, i.e., to relieve NifL inhibition in the fnr mutant backgrounds. Hence, Fnr appears to be involved, directly or indirectly, in NifL-dependent oxygen regulation of nif gene expression in K. pneumoniae. The data indicate that in the absence of Fnr, NifL apparently does not receive the signal for anaerobiosis. We therefore hypothesize that in the absence of oxygen, Fnr, as the primary oxygen sensor, activates transcription of a gene or genes whose product or products function to relieve NifL inhibition by reducing the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor under oxygen-limiting conditions.

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Royer, Laurent, Stéphane Mathieu, Christophe Liebaut et Pierre Steinmetz. « Study of the Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Chromium Base Alloys Strengthened by NiAl Precipitates ». Materials Science Forum 595-598 (septembre 2008) : 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.117.

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In this study, chromium based alloys containing a hardening NiAl phase are investigated from 1100°C to 1300°C in air. The influence of the NiAl content and of the Al/Ni ratio on microstructure modification and on oxidation behaviour are characterized by metallography and thermogravimetry. Increasing the Al/Ni ratio leads to a higher Al content in the chromium solid solution but does not modify the amount of primary NiAl. At high temperature, and for NiAl content exceeding 16 at%, a duplex oxide layer forms at the surface of the alloys exposed in air, alumina in the inner part, and chromia in the outer part. The oxidation behavior is discussed according to oxidation profile and to the thermodynamic predominance diagram of the involved species.

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Vohra Maggon, Nidhi, Ashwani Sethi et Atul Gupta. « Noise Induced Hearing Loss with Tinnitus : Does TRT Help ? » Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 25, n^o 1 (30 avril 2017) : 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2017.v25i1.110.

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Introduction To determine if hearing augmentation and tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) helps in cases of Tinnitus with Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) and does degree of hearing loss, severity or duration of tinnitus affect recovery Materials and Methods A prospective study was done on 100 patients of NIHL with tinnitus from Jan 14-Jul 15. Degree of hearing loss was assessed. Tinnitus severity was scored on Tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scale as Slight, Mild, Moderate, severe or catastrophic and patients were subjected to TRT. Patients scored after 1 year of TRT. A relation between tinnitus severity, duration and degree of hearing loss on recovery from tinnitus was analysed. Result 62 of the 100 patients improved following TRT. Discussion In 100 patients THI scores improved from a mean of 63.12 (SD-21.12) to 38.16 (SD-18.21). Mean difference between pre and post-intervention THI scores was 24.96 (SD-17.97). Improvement was significant in severe or profound hearing loss (P<.001). Tinnitus severity was slight, mild, moderate, severe or catastrophic on THI. Following TRT, 82.35% with Catastrophic, 70.96% with severe, 52.63% with moderate, 20% with mild tinnitus improved. 1 patient with slight tinnitus did not improve. Based on duration of tinnitus three groups made; 0-6 months, 6-12 months and >12 months. All groups showed improvement. Reduction in Post-TRT THI was significant but did not show any difference among groups. Conclusion TRT helps in tinnitus with NIHL particularly if hearing loss is severe. Severe or catastrophic tinnitus patients experience greater improvement. Duration of tinnitus has no impact.

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Diamondstone, David. « Promptness does not imply superlow cuppability ». Journal of Symbolic Logic 74, n^o 4 (décembre 2009) : 1264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1254748690.

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AbstractA classical theorem in computability is that every promptly simple set can be cupped in the Turing degrees to some complete set by a low c.e. set. A related question due to A. Nies is whether every promptly simple set can be cupped by a superlow c.e. set, i.e. one whose Turing jump is truth-table reducible to the halting problem ∅′. A negative answer to this question is provided by giving an explicit construction of a promptly simple set that is not superlow cuppable. This problem relates to effective randomness and various lowness notions.

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Gupta, Shayan, Xuan Xu, Wilford Liu, Jacqueline Zhang et Shawn Kelly. « Integrating User Voice in Hearing Care With Focus on Off-Duty Warfighter ». Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (1 janvier 2021) : 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa307.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a growing public health concern in the USA and globally because of the emergence of lifestyle preferences and environmental exposures to sound levels exceeding safe listening limits for extended periods of time. In the military, hearing and communication are important for survival and the Department of Defense’s Hearing Center of Excellence highlights the importance of protection from NIHL. Issuance of the World health organization safe audio listening standards along with existing U.S. federal and military standards provides a framework for developing an accessible tool for promoting safe listening. Methods An App is being proposed for an aggregated assessment of a user’s daily sound exposure, through personal audio system and ambient sources and providing tools for managing personal sound exposures. The key elements for development of App features were integration of user voice for functionalities, computations based on global standards, including military, for safe listening and alignment with regulatory standards for Apps. Results Features of the App are “Track” for audio and ambient exposures, “Compute” for real-time and cumulative exposures vs. safe listening standards, “Alert” for unsafe exposures using visual and haptic, “Inform” for personal exposures vs. safe dose, associated NIHL risk and education, “Choice” for alternatives that can be relatable to personal lifestyle, and “Share” for informing others as determined by the user. App safety is ensured by privacy and cybersecurity regulatory standards. Conclusion The overall goals of the App are to increase NIHL awareness and to empower users to improve personal listening behaviors that can potentially reduce the risk of NIHL.

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Li, Jinkai, Oluwasola E. Omoju, Jin Zhang, Emily E. Ikhide, Gang Lu, Adedoyin I. Lawal et Vivian A. Ozue. « DOES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION CONSTITUTE A BARRIER TO RENEWABLE ENERGY ? AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ». National Institute Economic Review 251 (février 2020) : R37—R46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.5.

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This study uses an econometric approach to investigate the role of IPR protection on renewable energy adoption using panel data of 102 countries at five-year intervals over the period 1990–2005. The Ginarte-Park index is used as a measure of the strength of intellectual property protection while the adoption of renewable energy is measured by the share of renewable energy in total final energy use. The results reveal that the level of intellectual property rights protection and reform of the intellectual property rights regime do not have significant impact on renewable energy adoption, suggesting that IPR protection is not a cause for concern in the global quest for clean energy transition. On the contrary, we find that trade openness has a stronger influence in the transition to clean energy. Based on the findings of the study, we conclude that IPR protection does not influence renewable energy adoption except in high R&D countries; rather policy makers should concentrate efforts on economic factors, such as trade openness, that drive the adoption of renewable energy technologies.

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Samsiati, Samsiati. « Reconstruction of Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard Verdict In the Law of Civil Procedure as a Manifestation of Fast, Simple, Low Cost and Complete Principle of Justice ». Yuridika 37, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2022) : 759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v37i3.41047.

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Dispute resolution through court is more favorable because the binding decisions of judges can resolve cases. This study discusses ratio legis of niet ontvankelijke verklaard in the law of civil procedure and in the formulation of the delimitation of the judge in giving niet ontvankelijke verklaard in the fast, simple, low cost, and complete settlement of civil disputes. This study used legal research methods with legislation and conceptual approaches. The result of the study showed that The limitation of the judge in examining the lawsuit that does not meet the formal requirements and decides the lawsuit is inadmissible (niet onvankelijk verklaard), in the absence of fast, simple, low-cost, and complete civil disputes, as stated in the Draft Bill of the Law of Civil Procedure, which is essentially related to the types of exceptions that can become the basis for the judge in determining the lawsuit to be inadmissible (niet onvankelijk verklaard). Indonesia's current civil procedure laws, HIR and RBg, do not specifically outline the standards that a judge must employ to declare that a matter is inappropriate for filing (niet onvankelijk verklaard). Before making a ruling that is not admissible (niet onvankelijk verklaard) in the settlement, the judge must be aware of his or her restrictions in this situation. As stated in the Draft Bill of the Law of Civil Procedure, the judge is limited in examining lawsuits that do not meet the formal requirements and deciding that the lawsuit is inadmissible (niet onvankelijk verklaard), in the absence of quick, easy, inexpensive, and comprehensive civil disputes. This limitation is essentially related to the types of exceptions that can become the basis for the judge in determining that the lawsuit is inadmissible (niet onvankelijk verklaard)

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Westendorp, Piet. « De Gebruiksaanwijzing Bestaat Niet ». Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 28 (1 janvier 1987) : 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.28.11wes.

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Various fields of research are valuable for the writer of user manuals: readability (formulas), ergonomics, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, instructional research and typography. Elements of these fields appear in 'How to write manuals books'. Yet these books do not answer the writer's main question: 'What should the manual look like?' In this paper it is argued that the manual does not exist and a list of criteria for the classification of user manuals is presented. According to the list some manual variations were written'and tested: continuous prose versus step-by-step for a compact disc player, and step-by-step versus flowchart and versus pictural for a multi-function telephone. The list of criteria seems to be a useful starting point for considering the possibilities for a certain product and for testing variations of manuals. The step-by-step version for the compact disc player seemed to be useful for non-experts who strictly followed the instructions but unpractical for the experts who used the manual only as a kind of trouble shooting list. For the telephone the text version appeared to be best; from the flowchart version users did not learn anything.

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Mazlan, Ain Naadia, Khairulzan Yahya, Zaiton Haron, Nik Amsharija Mohamed, Edrin Nazri Abdul Rasib, Nizam Jamaludin et Nadirah Darus. « Characteristic of Noise-induced Hearing Loss among Workers in Construction Industries ». E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018) : 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402025.

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Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is among the most common occupational disease in industries. This paper investigates NIHL in construction related industries in Malaysia with particular emphasis on its relation with risk factors. The objectives of this research were to (1) quantify the prevalence of NIHL in construction related industries, and (2) assess the relationship between hearing loss and risk factors and it’s characteristic. The study was conducted using 110 NIHL compensation record collected from Social Security Organisation (SOCSO), Malaysia. Risk factors namely area noise, age, temperature, smoking habit, hobby, diabetic and cardiovascular disease were identified and analysed. Results showed that there was no direct relationship between area noise with hearing impairment while there was only low relationship between age and hearing impairment. The range for area noise and age were between 70 to 140 dB(A) and 20 to 70 years, respectively. The other risk factors classified as categorical data and analysed using frequency method. Grade of impairment does not depend solely on area noise but also in combination with age and other risk factors. Characteristic of NIHL prevailed in construction related industries were presented using scatterplots and can serve as a references for future hazard control on site.

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Fink, Daniel. « What is the safe noise level to prevent noise-induced hearing loss ? » Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, n^o 4 (octobre 2022) : A189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015982.

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Noise causes short-term mechanical and chemical changes in the cochlea, transduced into electrical signals transmitted to the brain. Excessive noise exposure overwhelms the cochlea’s ability to reverse these changes, causing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that NIHL is the only completely preventable type of hearing loss. What is the evidence-based safe noise exposure level to prevent NIHL? The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure level (REL), 85 dBA, does not prevent NIHL. Occupational exposures are calculated for 8 hours/day, 240 days/year, for 40 years. To calculate the noise exposure level to prevent NIHL in the public, 70 dB for 24 hours (Leq(24) = 70), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adjusted the REL for 24 hours/day, 365 days/year exposure. The actual safe noise exposure must be lower than 70 dB because 1) the EPA did not adjust for lifetime noise exposure, 2) NIOSH based its REL on limited-frequency pure tone audiometry, an insensitive measure of auditory damage, and 3) non-occupational noise exposure has increased. The safe noise level may be as low as 55 dBA, the effective quiet level required for humans to recover from noise-induced temporary threshold shift.

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Han, Ping, et Jian Ting Guo. « Effect of Process on Microstructure and Elevated Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Multi-Phase NiAl-Fe(Nb) Alloy ». Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (juillet 2011) : 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.163.

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The microstructure and elevated temperature mechanical behavior of as-cast, HIPed and directionally solidified NiAl-Fe(Nb) Alloys have been investigated. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast NiAl-Fe(Nb) alloy consists of dendritic regions (b) and interdendritic regions (g/g¢) with non-continuous NbNiAl(Laves) phase segregating at the interfaces of b and g/g¢ phases. The HIP processing does not alter the microstructure of as-cast alloy. The longitudinal dendritic microstructure of the DS NiAl-Fe(Nb) alloy is regular. Room temperature elongations of as-cast and HIPed NiAl-Fe(Nb) alloys are all zero, however, 0.4% for the DS alloy. The strength and elongation of the HIPed alloy are higher than that of as-cast alloy. The yield strength and ultimate strength of the DS alloy are equivalent to that of as-cast alloy, but elongation of the DS alloy is higher than that of as-cast alloy, the elongation exceed 100% at 1273K, which indicates that the DS alloy can be deformed superplastically.

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Hwang, Jihye, Young-Wook Lim, Ji-Yeon Yang et Dong-Chun Shin. « Evaluation of transdermal exposure of phthalates in children's products ». Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37, n^o 1 (31 mars 2022) : e2022005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022005.

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In this study, 16 children’s products with the highest detection potential of phthalates were selected, and a phthalate assay and transdermal delivery analysis (NIER, US EPA Wipe [stress condition], US EPA Wipe [physiological condition], and US EPA Hand Wipe) were conducted with these products. The content of 6 controlled phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP, and DIDP) was measured and most products contained more phthalates than the regulated guidelines (a total content of 6 phthalates to be ≤0.1%). For transdermal delivery, all items were found to be lower in the NIER transdermal delivery test method compared to the US EPA Hand Wipe (stress condition and physiological condition) transdermal delivery test method. For the US EPA Hand Wipe (stress condition and physiological condition) transdermal delivery test method, a similar result was observed, except for DINP. The average daily dose (ADD) estimated by determining the exposure algorithm for each transdermal delivery test method was highest in mats with a large contacting surface area and a long exposure time in the respective test methods. Conclusively, there was a difference between the NIER transdermal delivery test method and the US EPA Wipe transdermal delivery test method.

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Fligor, Brian J. « Risk for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss From Use of Portable Media Players : A Summary of Evidence Through 2008 ». Perspectives on Audiology 5, n^o 1 (mai 2009) : 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/poa5.1.10.

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Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that a small, but significant, percent of users of portable media players (PMP) are at risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) from abusive use. This manuscript provides a brief review of damage-risk criteria and the methodological hurdles to accurately measuring sound exposure from earphones. The capacity of all generations of PMP exists to produce sound levels that would allow a user to exceed established damage-risk criteria. Whether or not a PMP user exceeds damage-risk criteria depends in part on the type of earphone used and the background noise that exists in the ambient listening environment. To date, estimates of noise dose from PMP use suggest that only a fraction of consumers are at risk for NIHL, but, given the extraordinary population of these devices, the absolute number affected may be quite large. Estimates of noise-induced permanent threshold shift from using PMP at high levels for 2 and 4 hours per day over a 10-year period are given, as well as an estimate of the number of people who may have NIHL from PMP use.

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Venzke, Ingo. « Possibilities of the Past : Histories of the NIEO and the Travails of Critique ». Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 20, n^o 3 (11 décembre 2018) : 263–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-20020050.

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AbstractThe resurfacing interest in the New International Economic Order (NIEO) is mainly driven by the ambition of regaining a sense for past possibilities in order to question the present and to open up different futures. This ambition resonates with the core of critical thinking which pushes toward an appreciation of contingencies. What was possible? When approaching this question, however, historical inquiries must not overstate the possibilities of different action at the expense of determining structures. More specifically, they need to deal with the low degree of institutionalized politics on the international plane. And they need to counter a tendency toward excess nostalgia for that which was not. More than anything else, the history of the NIEO testifies to the great difficulties in turning claims about contingency into compelling narratives. Another way of approaching the NIEO, however, does not place actual possibilities at its centre, but unrealized potentials.

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Rogoża, Ewa, et Katarzyna Drzewiecka. « Nile Red – contrasting colour cyanoacrylate ». Issues of Forensic Science 290 (2015) : 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2015.290.7.

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Fingerprints disclosed by cyanoacrylate on non-absorbent substrates, in order to improve readabiIity, require additional contrasting fluorescent dyes. Nile Red is one of them. Its effectiveness was tested under conditions similar to those of daily laboratory practice. The highest Nile Red fluorescence occurred in an excitation light of blue-green and a wavelength of 505nm. Spectral analysis showed that the emission of light oscillates in the wavelength of about 630nm. In order to cut off the light, longpass edge filters of the colours yellow, orange or red can be used. Filter selection depends on the characteristics of the substrate and can be chosen empirically. Nile Red fluorescence does not change over a longer period of time, which allows for the registration of fingerprints to be performed within a time convenient for the testing, without fear of losing their quality. Nile Red may be an alternative to other fluorescent dyes used for visualization in fingerprint testing.

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Rokicki, Andrzej. « Senelity Does not Mean Passivity – Contemporary Methods of Making Seniors Active ». Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J, Paedagogia-Psychologia 29, n^o 1 (11 janvier 2017) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2016.29.1.185.

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Van Nieuwkerk, Karin. « “Het geloof is niet aan mode onderhevig” ». Religie & ; Samenleving 2, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2007) : 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/rs.13203.

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Despite the dominant discourse of the Moroccan immigrant women in the Netherlands who were interviewed that religion “does not change” and that “Islam is not dependent on locality,” they mention substantial changes in religious celebrations. Whereas some of these changes are also discernable in Morocco, immigrant women tend to ascribe these transformations to their migration to the Netherlands. In this article, the religious year cycle and their major changes are described and analysed.

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Valencia-Heredia, Joel-Junior, Paola Colán-Guzmán, Lisandra Ramírez-Fernández, Janet-Ofelia Guevara-Canales et Rafael Morales-Vadillo. « Does the level of knowledge of denture hygiene affect their maintenance ? » Journal of Oral Research 11, n^o 3 (30 juin 2022) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2022.040.

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Introduction: The lack of knowledge about denture hygiene can negatively affect their maintenance. On the other hand, good oral hygiene can reduce the chances of plaque accumulation. Objetive: To determine if there is a relationship between knowledge of hygiene and denture maintenance. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 67 patients who wore partial and/or total removable prostheses daily to evaluate their knowledge of denture hygiene. For the evaluation of denture maintenance, clinical inspection of the removable prosthesis was carried out using the Vigild criterion to observe the amount of plaque that was adhered to it. Data were statistically processed with Spearman's correlation test to determine the relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance. Results: The patients presented a medium (37.3%) and low (56.7%) denture hygiene knowledge; and fair (68.7%) and poor (11.9%) maintenance of their prosthesis. There is a statistically significant relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is little knowledge of denture hygiene. This level of knowledge has a statistically significant relationship with the maintenance of the prostheses.

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Sims, Geoff, Michael C. B. Ashley, Xiangqun Cui, Jon R. Everett, LongLong Feng, Xuefei Gong, Shane Hengst et al. « Airglow and Aurorae from Dome A, Antarctica ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (août 2012) : 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312017048.

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AbstractDespite the absence of artificial light pollution at Antarctic plateau sites such as Dome A, other factors such as airglow, aurorae and extended periods of twilight have the potential to adversely affect optical observations. We present a statistical analysis of the airglow and aurorae at Dome A using spectroscopic data from Nigel, an optical/near-IR spectrometer operating in the 300–850 nm range. The median auroral contribution to the B, V and R photometric bands is found to be 22.9, 23.4 and 23.0 mag arcsec−2 respectively. We are also able to quantify the amount of annual dark time available as a function of wavelength; on average twilight ends when the Sun reaches a zenith distance of 102.6°.

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Nijland, Femke. « "Maar Dat is Niet de Opdracht" ». In gesprek 78 (1 janvier 2007) : 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.78.10nij.

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Learning is entering the discourse of a community of knowledgeable peers. However, in Dutch secondary education student discourse during autonomous working does not reflect the discourse of the community of the subject, but it reflects the discourse of the community of the school: the discourse of how to be a good student. Because both the teacher's verbal behavior and the formulation of the task strongly focus on procedural aspects like how to proceed in completing the task correctly, students mainly interact about the procedure of the task. They even perceive correct completion of higher importance than understanding the content of the task. And although students interact much more about the task during seatwork than both teachers and students had expected and they often know how to solve a task, they do not know why their answer is correct. Students are working very hard doing it wrong to do it right.

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Putra, Dimas Manggala, Nasrul Nasrul et Edward Ngii. « POTENSI SLAG NIKEL HALUS (FeNi 4) PT. ANTAM POMALAA SEBAGAI AGREGAT HALUS PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL ». STABILITA || Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 8, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2020) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/jts.v8i1.12669.

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ABSTRAKSlag nikel (FeNi4) adalah jenis terbaru dengan ukuran butiran mendekati pasir (lolos No. 8). Jumlah buangan slag nikel telah mencapai 1 juta ton pada tahun 2018, sehingga berbahaya bagi lingkungan jika tidak dimanfaatkan secara luas. Disisi lain kebutuhan agregat halus campuran aspal jenis Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS-WC) sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan slag nikel FeNi4 sebagai agregat pada campuran aspal jenis HRS.Slag nikel (FeNi4) diperoleh dari PT. Antam Pomalaa. Penelitian dirancang dengan tiga variasi penggunaan slag terhadap agregat halus standar yaitu Variasi 1 (0/100%); Variasi 2 (50/50%); dan Variasi 3 (100/0%). Penyetaraan berat jenis dilakukan untuk menghitung jumlah slag yang digunakan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 sampel dan diuji menggunakan alat Marshall Test. Spesifikasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian mengacu pada Bina Marga 2010.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada benda uji Variasi 2 (50/50%) masih diperoleh kadar aspal optimum sebesar 6,319%, hampir sama dengan kadar aspal optimum benda uji kontrol sebesar 6,331%, namun dengan range kadar aspal yang lebih sempit. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa slag nikel FeNi4 sangat berpotensi digunakan dalam campuran HRS-WC namun dibatasi sampai 50%. Penelitian lanjutan dapat lakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik campuran HRS-WC pada penggunaan slag nikel FeNi4 dibawah 50%. Kata Kunci : Slag, Antam, Nikel, Aspal, AgregatABSTRACTNickel slag (FeNi4) is the latest type that was close to sand material (pass No.8). The amount of nickel slag discharges reached 1 million tons in 2018, making it dangerous for the environment if not widely used. On the other hand, the need for fine aggregate asphalt mix type Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) is very high. This study aims to determine the potential use of FeNi4 nickel slag as fine aggregate in the HRS mixture.Nickel slag (FeNi4) obtained from PT. Antam Pomalaa. The study was designed with three variations of the use of slag against standard fine aggregates, namely Variation 1 (0/100%); Variation 2 (50/50%); and Variation 3 (100/0%). Equal density is done to calculate the number of slags used. The total sample is 45 samples and tested using Marshall Test. The specifications used in the study refer to the 2010 Bina Marga.The results showed that Variation 2 (50/50%) of the specimens were still obtained optimum asphalt content of 6.319%, almost the same as the optimum asphalt content of control specimens of 6.331%, but with a narrower range of asphalt content. These findings indicate that FeNi4 nickel slag is very potentially used in HRS-WC mixtures but is limited to 50%. Further research can be done to determine the characteristics of the HRS-WC mixture on the use of FeNi4 nickel slag below 50%. Keywords : Slag, Antam, Nickel, Asphalt, Aggregate

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Binmore, Ken. « THINKING ABOUT SOCIAL NORMS ». National Institute Economic Review 259 (2022) : 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2022.2.

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AbstractThis article argues that it is a waste of time seeking to treat populists as examples of homo economicus when seeking to persuade them that the conspiracy theories to which they subscribe are big lies. But it does not follow that homo economicus is worthless in this context. He has a role in explaining the evolution of the social norms whose violation is the root cause of the rise of populist movements. Such an approach requires a willingness to entertain both proximate and ultimate explanations of human behaviour simultaneously.

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Aapro, Matti S., Giorgia Rossi, Giada Rizzi, Maria Elisa Borroni et Norman G. Nagl. « Impact on patients’ daily life activities of NEPA, the oral fixed-dose combination of netupitant, a new NK1 receptor antagonist (RA), and palonosetron (PALO) plus dexamethasone (DEX) versus PALO plus DEX for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). » Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n^o 31_suppl (1 novembre 2013) : 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.66.

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66 Background: Certain antiemesis guidelines recommend combining a 5-HT3 RA, a NK1RA and DEX for prevention of CINV associated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and with anthracycline + cyclophosphamide (AC)-based MEC. The objective of this analysis was to determine if using the oral fixed-dose combination NEPA prior to initiating AC-based chemotherapy resulted in no impact on daily living (NIDL) for patients. Methods: This phase III, multinational, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel group trial enrolled patients with solid tumors who were naïve to cytotoxics and scheduled to initiate AC-based chemotherapy. Patients received oral NEPA (netupitant 300 mg + PALO 0.5 mg) + oral DEX 12 mg on Day 1, or oral PALO 0.5 mg + oral DEX 20 mg on Day 1. The primary efficacy endpoint was Complete Response (CR: no emesis/no rescue medication) in the delayed phase (25-120 hours after chemotherapy) in cycle 1. Secondary endpoints including NIDL for patients was assessed using the Functional Living Index—Emesis (FLIE) during the first 120 hours. Results: 1,455 patients were randomized; 1,449 were included in the efficacy analysis. Significantly more patients achieved CR during the delayed phase in the NEPA arm compared with the PALO arm (76.9% vs 69.5%, respectively: p = 0.001). Significantly more patients in the NEPA arm reported NIDL via the FLIE (78.5% vs 72.1%: p = 0.005). A greater proportion of NEPA-treated patients reported no personal hardship imposed and no daily functioning affected (75.3% vs 70.5% and 77.1% vs 71.6%, respectively, as scored by the nausea domain of the FLIE; 95.2% vs 89.2% and 95.6% vs 89.2%, respectively, as scored by the vomiting domain of the FLIE). Adverse events were similar for both groups. Conclusions: NEPA significantly improved efficacy vs PALO for prevention of CINV in AC MEC and significantly more patients experienced NIDL compared to PALO. Both regimens were generally well tolerated.

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Boychuk, V., V. Kotsyubynsky, K. Bandura, M. Hodlevska, B. Dzundza et O. Khatsevych. « The Mechanisms of Nickel-Iron Spinel Phase Nucleation in Aquous Solutions : Crystal Quasichemical Approach ». Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 20, n^o 2 (10 juillet 2019) : 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.20.2.156-164.

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The phenomenological model of nikel-iron spinel nucleation with spinel structure based on the partial charge theory and analysis of hydrolysis and polycondensation processes at the interaction of Fe3+-, Fe2+- and Ni2+- hydroxocomplexes at different pH values of reaction medium was proposed. UV-vis optical spectroscopy was used for verification of the obtained results about the regularities of hydroxocomplexes formation. Crystal quasichemistry approach was applied for nucleation of nikel-iron spinel under the conditions of predomination of different defect types in NixFe3-xO4-δ (δ is oxygen non-stoichiometry) spinel lattice. The analysis of changes in electrical conductivity and lattice parameter of defect nickel-iron spinel as a function of Ni2+ atomic concentration was done for different values of d parameter.

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Alam, MR, MA Wahab, MM Rahman, AKM Asaduzzaman, MAS Al-Azad, MI Karim et S. Sultana. « Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Military Aviators : The Audiometry and Risk Factors Analysis ». Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 9, n^o 1 (28 avril 2014) : 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18721.

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Introduction: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is an occupational health hazard linked with noise exposure of more than 85 dB. Aircraft noise and other occupational noise exposure cause military aviators more susceptible to NIHL than commercial jet pilots. Aim: To find out the prevalence of noise induced hearing loss among different military aircrew population with special emphasis on identifying the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on Kuwait Air force pilots those who came for annual medical checkup from July 2010 to July 2012. Audiometry of all subjects was done by ENT specialist and necessary data were collected by structured questionnaires. All data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 17.0 Results: Out of 221 aircrew 32 (14.48%) developed NIHL. Hearing loss was mild to moderate and predominately at high frequencies. Most affected group was helicopter pilots. Pilots of more than 40 years of age and those who had more than 1000 flying hours had mean hearing threshold more than other groups. The right ear was affected in majority of cases than left ear. Conclusion: Noise exposure to aircrew is inevitable so hearing loss prevention strategies might play a pivotal role to save aircrew hearing. Active surveillance of hearing protection practices might have beneficiary effect. Steps can be taken for early detection of NIHL and hearing conservation program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18721 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 19-24

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Widarto, W., T. Trikasjono et F. Akbar. « RADIATION SAFETY ANALYSIS OF NEUTRON COLIMATOR BASED ON NICKEL MATERIAL FOR PIERCING RADIAL BEAMPORT UTILIZATION OF KARTINI RESEARCH REACTOR ». Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 12, n^o 2 (30 octobre 2016) : 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v12i2.4937.

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Radiation safety analysis of nickel material neutron colimator (as requirement) for pearcing radial beamport utilization of Kartini research reactor has been done before the neutron colimator instaled. The neutron collimator made of nickel material with cyllindrical geometry which is 156 cm length. The Inside and outside diameter are 16 cm and 19 cm respectively with mean cyllindrical thickness is 1.5 cm. Irradiation process to the neutron collimator begin when the reactor beeing operated for 6 (six) hours per day and assumed optimum at 100 kW power level. Results of the analysis showed that gamma dose rate which was generated by collimator at a distance of 50 cm from the end of the collimator is 1.5328e-03 mr/hours. The dose rate is still below the dose limit value which was required by Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) is 1 mr/hours. It can be concluded that utilization neutron colimator of nickel material which installed at the radial pierching beamport of Kartini Reactor is safelly.Telah dilakukan kajian analisis keselamatan paparan radiasi terhadap kolimator neutron (sebagai persyaratan) sebelum dipasang pada beamport tembus radial reaktor kartini. Kolimator neutron terbuat dari bahan nikel berbentuk silinder panjang 156 cm dengan diameter dalam 16 cm dan diameter luar 19 cm sehingga tebal silinder 1.5 cm. Proses iradiasi terhadap kolimator neutron terjadi pada saat reaktor dioperasikan pada suatu daya dan diasumsikan optimal pada daya 100 kw selama 6 jam dalam satu hari. Hasil analisis menunjukan laju dosis gamma yang dihasilkan kolimator pada jarak 50 cm dari ujung kolimator sebesar 1.5328e-03 mr/jam. Laju dosis tersebut masih dibawah nilai batas dosis yang ditetapkan oleh bapeten sebesar 1 mr/jam, sehingga penggunaan kolimator tersebut dalam batas aman

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Adnan, Adlin, et Renold Yurensa. « Hubungan paparan bising dan profil lipid dengan gangguan pendengaran pada pekerja pabrik minyak goreng ». Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 46, n^o 1 (12 juillet 2016) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v46i1.141.

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Latar belakang: Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising (GPAB) adalah komplikasi yang palingumum disebabkan oleh paparan terhadap bising, meskipun ada beberapa komplikasi lain yang bisadisebabkan oleh paparan bising. Komplikasi metabolik dari paparan terhadap bising telah dievaluasi olehberbagai penelitian.Tujuan: Meneliti hubungan antara GPAB dengan kadar profil lipid pada pekerja yangterpapar bising di lingkungan kerja.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain crosssectional study. Data diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, pemeriksaan audiometri, dan pemeriksaankadar profil lipid.Hasil: Rerata intensitas kebisingan bagian proses 98 dB, dan non-proses berkisar 46-98 dB. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan audiometri terhadap 50 pekerja yang memenuhi kriteria inklusidan eksklusi, didapatkan 26 orang (52%) dengan GPAB tuli sensorineural dan 24 orang (48%) tidakmengalami GPAB. Kami menemukan hubungan signifikan antara paparan bising pada pekerja denganpeningkatan kadar trigliserida (TG), total kolesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), dan penurunankadar high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara kadar TG yang tinggi terhadapterjadinya GPAB pada pekerja yang terpapar bising dengan intensitas >85 dB (p<0,05) dan tidak dijumpaihubungan peningkatan kadar TC, LDL, dan penurunan kadar HDL terhadap terjadinya GPAB (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, ada hubungan antara hiperlipidemia dengan GPAB. Pekerja denganhipertrigliseridemia yang tepapar bising >85 dB berisiko lebih besar menderita GPAB. Kata kunci: Kebisingan, GPAB, profil lipid ABSTRACTBackground: Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most common complication that causedby noise exposure, although there are other complications as a result of noise exposure. Metaboliccomplications from noise exposure have been evaluated in various studies. Purpose: To examine therelationship between NIHL with lipid profile in workers who are exposed to noise in workplace. Methods:The study design was analytic descriptive with cross-sectional study. Data collection was done throughinterviews, audiometry screening, and lipid profile examinations. Results: The average intensity in processsection was 98 dB, and in non-process section ranged between 46-98 dB. The results of audiometricexamination of the 50 workers who met the inclusion criteria, were 26 persons (52%) with sensorineuralNIHL and 24 persons (48%) did not experience NIHL. We found a significant association between noiseexposure among workers with elevated levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-densitylipoprotein (LDL), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p<0,05). There was highcorrelation beween TG levels with the NIHL among workers who are exposed to noise >85 dB (p<0,05),and no correlation between elevated levels of TC, LDL and decreased HDL levels with NIHL (p>0,05).Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between hyperlipidemia and NIHL. Workers withhypertriglyceridemia had greater risk of suffering NIHL when exposed to noise >85 dB in the workplace. Keywords: Noise, NIHL, lipid profile

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Clifford, Royce E., John K. M. Coleman, Ben J. Balough, Jianzhong Liu, Richard D. Kopke et Ronald L. Jackson. « Low-Dose D-Methionine and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine for Protection from Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Chinchillas ». Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, n^o 6 (12 juillet 2011) : 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811414496.

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Objective. Despite efforts at public health awareness and stringent industrial standards for hearing protection, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains a formidable public health concern. Although many antioxidants have proven to be beneficial in the laboratory for prevention of permanent NIHL, low-dose combinations of compounds with different biochemical mechanisms of action may allow long-term administration with fewer side effects and equal efficacy. The mixture of D-methionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine administered at levels less than 10% of standard dosing has not been previously reported. Study Design. Twenty-six female adult Chinchilla laniger were placed in 4 study groups, consisting of (1) a group receiving combination 12.5 mg/kg each D-methionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (DMET/NAC group), (2) a group receiving 12.5 mg/kg D-methionine (DMET-only group), (3) a group receiving 12.5 mg/kg N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC-only group), and (4) saline controls. Setting. Laboratory. Subjects and Methods. All groups received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections 2 days prior to noise exposure, 1 hour before and after exposure on day 3, and for 2 days subsequently, totaling 10 doses of 125 mg/kg for each antioxidant over 5 days. Results. Although NAC-only animals paralleled saline control recovery during 3 weeks, the DMET-only group revealed gradual improvement with statistically significant recovery in the middle frequencies. The DMET/NAC group showed significant improvement at most frequencies compared with controls ( P < .001 and P < .05). Conclusion. Significant recovery of hearing was observed following continuous noise exposure with either DMET only or a combination of low-dose DMET/NAC, demonstrating a considerably lower dose of antioxidants required than previously reported for hearing recovery following acoustic trauma.

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Eijkelenboom, Eva, et Martijn van Opijnen. « Artikel 14 Wta ‘Zorgplicht’ : Een dode letter ? Tijd voor een feniks herrijzenis ! » Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 94, n^o 5/6 (30 juin 2020) : 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.94.51689.

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Hoe geeft een accountantsorganisatie adequaat invulling aan de zorgplicht o.g.v. artikel 14 Wta? Op basis van de wetsgeschiedenis, de publieke uitingen van de toezichthouder en de rechtspraak geven de auteurs een overzicht van de invulling van de zorgplicht in de praktijk. Het bronnenonderzoek leidt tot de conclusie dat zorgplicht een veelomvattend begrip is, dat de beschrijvingen van overtreden van de zorgplicht en naleven van de zorgplicht niet elkaars spiegelbeeld vormen, dat zorgplicht zowel inspanning als resultaat omvat en dat de invulling van de zorgplicht overlap vertoont met andere wettelijke vereisten. Auteurs betogen dat een wetswijziging wellicht de oplossing biedt.

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van der Ploeg, Frederick. « CLIMATE POLICIES : CHALLENGES, OBSTACLES AND TOOLS ». National Institute Economic Review 258 (2021) : 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2021.29.

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A four-pronged approach to climate policy is presented consisting of carbon pricing, subsidies for renewable energies, transformative green investments and climate finance and engendering flywheel effects. Then, a variety of societal and political challenges and obstacles faced by such a climate policy and what can be done to overcome them are discussed. These range from stranded assets, the very long time scales needed to adapt and deal with global warming, intergenerational conflict, international free-rider problems, carbon leakage, green paradoxes, policy failure and capture, adverse income distributional effects and spatial scarcity to the problem of climate deniers and sceptics. The paper also discusses the various tools that are needed for the analysis of both ideal and workable climate policies, and the need to collaborate with complexity scholars, political scientists, sociologists and psychologists.

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Siskawati, Zulfia. « THE PURSUIT OF SELF-ESTEEM IN PHYLLIS WHITNEY’S NOVEL “HUNTER’S GREEN” ». Lingue : Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra 2, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2020) : 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/lingue.v2i2.1826.

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Abstract This study analyses Phyllis Whitney’s novel “Hunter’s Green”. The problem of this study is to what extend the novel reveal the pursuit of Self-Esteem and how the elements of novel; character and setting support the pursuit of self -esteem. The result of the study shows that there are three features of pursuit of self-esteem conducted by the character Nigel Barrow. They are building awareness, getting support, and gaining position. Building awareness is revealed through the condition of Nigel, as low class person, lives in high-class family, Athmore, which is full of superiority. He realizes his positive value; superior in brain and has the same chance to enter the school just like the high class does. Gaining support is revealed through the condition in which Nigel lives among people who judge him low. He proves himself to get support from his society. Gaining position is by having position as educated and privileged person through attaining prestigious school. He attains the school by winning himself a difficult scholarship. It gives sense of satisfaction and pride on himself since his condition born as low class. Nigel also gets position as wealthy person through doing precious business in the field of building and real estate in Bahamas. This is part of Nigel’s pursuit of self-esteem since Nigel gets it in competitive condition. This condition enriches his view on himself as worthy person who has potentials and capabilities. Hopefully, there must be something to learn in the literary work in spite of its mere function as entertainment. Kata Kunci: pursuit, self-esteem Abstrak Studi ini adalah analisa novel Phyllis Whitney Hunter’s Green. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam analisa ini adalah sejauh mana novel ini memperlihatkan pengejaran harga diri (The Pursuit of Self-Esteem) dan bagaimana elemen-elemen novel yang difokuskan kepada character (tokoh) dan setting (latar) mendukung pengejaran harga diri tersebut. Tujuan dari analisa ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jawaban sejauh mana novel Hunter’s Green memperlihatkan pengejaran self-esteem dan bagaimana elemen setting dan character mendukung pengejaran self-esteem dalam novel ini. Dari penganalisaaan didapatkan bahwa tokoh Nigel Barrow, yang berasal dari status rendah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mengejar harga dirinya. Usahanya itu adalah dengan membangun kesadaran akan potensi dirinya dan keberhargaan dirinya (building awareness) dengan meraih dukungan dari lingkungan (gaining support) dan dengan meraih posisi ditengah-tengah masyarakatnya (gaining position). Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan Nigel ini adalah bahagian dari pengejaran harga diri karena dia merasa puas dan bangga akan kemampuannya dalam kondisi kompetitif. Keyword: pursuit and self-esteem

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Weale, Martin. « DO ECONOMISTS EXPECT TOO MUCH FROM EXPECTATIONS ? » National Institute Economic Review 255 (février 2021) : 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.47.

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Modern economic theory gives an important role to expectations as an influence on outcomes. This paper reviews evidence on how well measures of expectations conform to outcomes. It confirms earlier results that measures taken from financial markets perform poorly as predictors of outcomes. Looking at the individual responses to the Confederation of British Industry’s Industrial Trends Survey, it does find, however, that there are significant correlations between expected and realised outcomes of wages, prices, costs orders and employment. It also finds some evidence that actual prices reflect expected future prices, but with a coefficient much lower than economic theory predicts. There is evidence that forecast errors are explained by past forecasts, as well as revisions to the economic outlook, casting doubt on the idea that firms’ forecasts make the best use of the information available at the time. The paper concludes by observing that, while expectations are undoubtedly important, economists need to build on work looking at how they are derived instead of simply assuming they are rational.

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Trihatmanto, Hasbi. « IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG – UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 PADA PENGAWASAN PENAATAN PERIZINAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI SALAH SATU PERUSAHAAN TAMBANG BIJIH NIKEL DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA ». Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, n^o 1 (29 mars 2020) : 875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.128.

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ABSTRAKRuang lingkup pengawasan perizinan lingkungan hidup dilakukan dengan kegiatan 1) Pemeriksaan terhadap dokumen lingkungan hidup dan perizinan yang terkait, 2) Pemeriksaan terhadap fasilitas pengendalian pencemaran air, 3) Pemeriksaan terhadap fasilitas pengendalian pencemaran udara emisi dan ambien, 4) Pemeriksaan terhadap pengelolaan Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, 5) Pemeriksaan terhadap pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, 6) Pemeriksaan pengelolaan limbah padat Non B3 dan/atau sampah domestik. Tahapan kegiatan penambangan bijih nikel laterit yang dilakukan di salah satu perusahaan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara antara lain 1) Tahap perencanaan, 2) Land clearing, 3) Pengupasan over burden, 4) Ore getting, 5) Pembuatan cone produksi. Proses penambangan akan menghasilkan produksi bijih nikel. Bijih nikel dari tambang berupa raw nikel diangkut dengan menggunakan Dump Truck dengan kapasitas 20 mt. Pengangkutan bahan galian menggunakan Dump Truck menempuh jarak hauling 17 km dari tambang sampai ke EFO (Exportable Final Ore), penumpukan di EFO dengan system dome yang dikelompokkan sesuai kadar atau level kualitas bahan galian. Material raw nikel yang terkumpulkan di EFO kemudian dimuat ke tongkang yang disesuaikan dengan market permintaan domestik kasaran Ni 1,80 – 1,95% dengan rata – rata tonase pengapalan lokal 6.000 – 7.500 mt. Sedangkan untuk pasar ekspor kisaran Ni <1,7% dengan rata – rata tonase pengapalan ekspor 50.000 mt. Pada pengawasan yang dilakukan perbandingan antara dokumen Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (RPL) dengan hasil pelaporan RPL dan hasil temuan lapangan perusahaan telah melanggar Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup pada Pasal 20 ayat (3) huruf b, Pasal 67, Pasal 68 huruf c, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air pada Pasal 34 ayat (2) dan (3), Pasal 37, Pasal 40 ayat (2), Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara pada Pasal 21 huruf a dan b, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 101 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun pada Pasal 12 ayat (1), Pasal 25 ayat (1) huruf b, Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 14 Tahun 2013 tentang Simbol dan Label Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun pada Pasal 2 ayat (5) dan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor Nomor 06 tahun 2006 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Pertambangan bijih Nikel Pasal 8, ayat (1) dan ayat (2). Berdasarkan analisis yuridis yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan tambang bijih nikel tersebut Tidak Taat.Kata Kunci : Bijih Nikel, Lingkungan Hidup, Pengawasan, Peraturan, Perizinan. ABSTRACTThe scope of environmental licensing supervision is carried out with activities 1) Inspection of environmental documents and related permits, 2) Reports of water pollution control facilities, 3) Reports of emission and ambient air pollution control facilities, 4) Reports of the management of Hazardous Substances and Toxic, 5) Inspection of the management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste, 6) Inspection of management of Non toxic and dangerous material solid waste and/or domestic waste. Stages of laterite nickel ore mining activities carried out in one company in Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province include 1) Planning phase, 2) Land clearing, 3) Over-load stripping, 4) Ore getting, 5) Production of cone production. The mining process will produce nickel ore production. Nickel ore from mines in the form of nickel raw is transported using a Dump Truck with a capacity of 20 mt. Transportation of mining materials using a Dump Truck takes a hauling distance of 17 km from the mine to the EFO (Exportable Final Ore), stacking on EFO with a dome system that is grouped according to the level or quality level of minerals. The nickel raw material collected at EFO is then loaded onto a barge which is adjusted to the domestic market demand of Ni 1.80 - 1.95% with an average local shipping tonnage of 6,000 - 7,500 mt. As for the export market, the range of Ni <1.7% with an average shipping tonnage of 50,000 mt. In monitoring conducted a comparison between Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) documents with EMP reporting results and company field findings has violated Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management in Article 20 paragraph (3) letter b, Article 67, Article 68 letter c, Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control in Article 34 paragraphs (2) and (3), Article 37, Article 40 paragraph (2), Government Regulation Number 41 of 1999 concerning Pollution Control Air in Article 21 letters a and b, Government Regulation Number 101 of 2014 concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste in Article 12 paragraph (1), Article 25 paragraph (1) letter b, Minister of the Environment Regulation Number 14 of 2013 concerning Symbols and Label of Hazardous and Toxic Waste in Article 2 paragraph (5) and Minister of the Environment Regulation Number 06 of 2006 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Businesses and/or Mining Activities for Nickel Ore Article 8 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2).. Based on the juridical analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the nickel ore mining company is Not Obedient.Keywords: Nickel Ore, Environment, Supervision, Regulation, Licensing.

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Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Nishant Kumar, Dheeraj Kumar, Nisha Shrivastava et Abhishek Kumar. « A retrospective study of noise induced hearing loss in a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand - an alarming but ignorant truth ». International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, n^o 2 (25 mars 2017) : 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171190.

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Background: Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound. People may have a loss of perception of a narrow range of frequencies, impaired cognitive perception of sound, or other impairment, including sensitivity to sound or ringing in the ears. NIHL is 2nd most common cause of hearing loss, next to presbycusis. Most of the population of developing countries is ignorant of the hazards of excessive noise exposure. 1) To describe the socio-demograpic profile of patients in the young age group (18-35 years) with noise induced hearing loss in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi during June 2015- November 2016. 2) To study the major presenting complaints. 3) To categorize the patients on the basis of degree of hearing loss.Methods: Data for study was collected from RIMS Out Patient Department (OPD) register during period June 2015 – November 2016 (18 months).Total sample size for this period was 50. Templates were generated in MS excel sheet and data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20). Results: Study showed NIHL was more common in urban (82%) and male (72%) population. More than half (54%) patients presented with hearing loss and 24% with tinnitus. Most of the patients had bilateral mild hearing loss (70%).Conclusions: NIHL is more common in urban males, mostly in age group (26-35 years). More than 2/3rd (68% ) of patients had history of exposure to loud noise.

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Samnur, S., H. Husain, A. Zulfi et E. H. Sujiono. « STUDY ON PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FURNACE-NICKEL-SLAG POWDER FOR GEOPOLYMER APPLICATION ». Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 12, n^o 2 (30 octobre 2016) : 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v12i2.4728.

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This research aims to prepare powder of nickel slag from furnace machine, identify, and analyze of the elements or compounds containing in the sample. The data retrieval was done with the analysis of elemental composition, phase microstructures, crystal size, distribution, and composition mapping of the samples by using XRD, Rigaku Miniflex II, and SEM-EDS, Tescan Vega-3. XRD result indicates that the formation which the similar to amorphous phase was identified and the formation at peak 2? = 28.01 is identified as the low quartz (SiO2). FWHM 0.18 was obtained using microcal origin 6.0 and average crystal size 53.37 nm was obtained by applying Scherer equation. SEM results show average grain size of samples which is less than 1?m and maximum to 4?m. Based on EDS result, the main constituent elements are Si 32.86 wt%, Mg 19.40 wt%, and Fe 32.03 wt%, respectively.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyiapkan bubuk slag nikel yang berasal dari furnace, yang dilanjutkan dengan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis unsur atau paduan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis terhadap komposisi unsur, fasa mikrostruktur, ukuran Kristal, distribusi dan komposisi paduan dari sampel bubuk slag nikel furnace dengan menggunakan XRD tipe Rigaku Miniflex II dan SEM-EDS tipe Tescan Vega-3. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa formasi yang dihasilkan menyerupai fase amorf dan formasi yang terbentuk pada puncak 2? = 28.01 diidentifikasi sebagai low quartz (SiO2). Dengan menggunakan microcal origin 6.0 diperoleh FWHM 0.18 dan menggunakan persamaan Scherer diperoleh rata-rata ukuran kristal 53.37 nm. Hasil pengukuan SEM menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ukuran butir dari sampel bubuk slag nikel furnace bervariasi antara minimal 1?m dan maksimum 4 ?m. Berdasarkan pengukuran EDS diperoleh secara berturut-turut bahwa unsur utama penyusun paduan slag nikel furnace adalah Si 32.86 wt%, Mg 19.40 wt%, dan Fe 32.03 wt%.

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Hayashi, Haruo, et Toshikazu Tanada. « Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2018 ». Journal of Disaster Research 13, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2018) : 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0831.

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The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) is working on three tasks: predicting disasters, preventing damage, and realizing speedy reconstruction and recovery efforts in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, torrential rains, blizzards, and ice storms. In the last two years of the NIED’s fourth mid/long term plan period, which began in 2016, the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M6.5 and M7.3), the heavy rainfall in the Northern Kyushu District in July 2017, and the heavy rain event of July 2018 are listed as “named” disasters, named by Japan Meteorological Agency. In addition, there were other disasters: an avalanche accident on Nasudake in 2017, an earthquake (M6.1) with its epicenter in northern Osaka, an eruption of Kirishimayama (Shinmoedake and Ioyama) and a phreatic eruption of Kusatsu-Shiranesan in 2018. The results of research done on the above-mentioned disasters and the latest results of ongoing projects in each research division and center were compiled as the second NIED special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR). In this special issue, we are delighted to present ten papers on three topics: climatic disasters, seismic disasters, and integrated research on disaster risk reduction. In particular, this special issue contains three papers on the above-mentioned heavy rainfall in the Northern Kyushu District in July 2017 and two papers related to the Kumamoto earthquake. Although the achievements detailed in these papers are the results of individual research, the NIED hopes that these results as a whole will be fully utilized to promote science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience. The NIED hopes that this special issue awakens the readers’ interest in new research and, of course, creates an opportunity for further collaborative works with us.

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Permatasari, Nur Vita, Adji Kawigraha, Abdul Hapid et Nurhadi Wibowo. « IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN MINERAL SELAMA PROSES PEMANASAN PELET KOMPOSIT NIKEL DENGAN ANALISIS DIFRAKSI SINAR X ( IDENTIFICATION OF MINERAL CHANGES DURING HEATING OF NICKEL COMPOSITE USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS ) ». Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 12, n^o 1 (2 mai 2018) : 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v12i1.479.

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Logam nikel didapat dari proses pengolahan bijih nikel yang salah satunya adalah saprolit. Pada penelitian ini proses reduksi pelet komposit yang merupakan masa campuran bijih nikel serta batubara kadar rendah dan bahan tambahan dilakukan dalam tungku tabung. Proses reduksi dilakukan pada temperatur 450 Â°C, 700 Â°C serta 1100 Â°C selama 0 jam. Proses reduksi juga dilakukan pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi yaitu 1300 Â°C namun dengan pemanasan terlebih dahulu pada temperatur 700 Â°C dan ditahan pada 1 jam dan 2 jam. Produk pelet komposit dianalisis dengan metode difraksi sinar X untuk mengetahui kandungan mineralnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan pelet komposit menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna dari warna coklat menjadi abu-abu. Pemanasan juga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan komposisi mineral dari masing-masing pelet. Mineral-mineral yang terdapat dalam pelet komposit dan produknya adalah antigorit, klinoklor, kuarsa, enstatit, forsterit,gutit, hematit, magnetit, nikel dan besi. Pemanasan pelet pada temperatur rendah yang lebih lama akan menghasilkan jumlah logam besi yang lebih rendah. Nickel is obtained from saprolite through nickel ore processing. In this study, reduction of composite pellet has been done in a tube furnace. The pellet comsist of nickel ore, coal and additive. The reduction process carried out at 450ËšC, 700ËšC and 1100ËšC for 0 hour. Moreover the reduction is also carried out at 700 Â°C during 1 and 2 hours followed by heating at 1300ËšC for 2 and 1 hours. Reduction product was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction to determine the mineral content. The results indicate that the heating causing color changes from red brown to gray. Heating changes the mineral composition of the pellet. The minerals are antigorite, clinoclore, quartz, enstatite, forsterite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, nickel and iron. Heating the pellets at low temperature longer will produce lower iron.

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Underhill, James W. « What Water Does with Us ? Understanding Water in a Multipolar Anglo Community ». Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, n^o 5 (16 juin 2021) : 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21695-8.

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Co woda robi z nami? Rozumienie wody w wielobiegunowej wspólnocie anglosaskiej Woda jest tak wszechobecna, tak niezbędna i tak nieunikniona, że uważa się ją za rzecz oczywistą. Pomimo że naukowcy wciąż odkrywają nowe fascynujące fakty o wodzie, jej składzie i formie, w powszechnym wyobrażeniu woda pozostaje podstawowym, ‘prostym’, ‘elementarnym doświadczeniem’. Woda przyciąga nas i odpycha; wzbudza strach. Jakie są narracje o wodzie w języku angielskim? Jak ją rozumiemy? Celem artykułu jest całościowe i dokładne zbadanie różnorodnych, skomplikowanych i odmiennych sposobów rozumienia wody i relacji do niej przez ‘społeczność anglojęzyczną’, rozumianą jako zróżnicowana społeczność wielobiegunowa, żyjąca na całym świecie. Badanie „angielskiej wody” prowadzi od Szkocji po Australię, od Biblii po korpusy internetowe, od kanadyjskich uroczystości jezior do pożarów lasów w Kalifornii.

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Kohut, Maciej, Katarzyna Kozioł, Emilia Olek, Anna Koclęga et Marek Hartleb. « Serum C-reactive protein level does not correlate with Crohn’s Disease Activity Index ». Gastroenterology Review 5 (2010) : 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2010.17264.

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Widiatmaka, Widiatmaka, Suwarno Suwarno et Nandi Kusmaryandi. « KARAKTERISTIK PEDOLOGI DAN PENGELOLAAN REVEGETASI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG NIKEL : STUDI KASUS LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG NIKEL POMALAA, SULAWESI TENGGARA ». Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 12, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2010) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.12.2.1-10.

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Post-mining land management needs to be done by taking into account a holistic approach concerning the improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as growth media, in order to support the rehabilitation plans. The objective of this study were: (i) to conduct quantitative and comprehensive an inventory of pedological properties of nickel post mining land, (ii) to analyze the potential and limitations of post mined land, (iii) act designed environmental management, based on the characteristics of the revegetation of the land and the environment. The results showed that the soil in Pomalaa could be classified in Typic Hapludox, clayey, mixed, isohypertermic (P1) dan Typic Hapludalfs, loamy, mixed, isohypertermic (P2), while the material in ex mining area are overburden or parent material. The soil has developed from peridotite and peridotite-serpentinite ultramafic material. This soil has low natural fertility and require efforts to improve the physical properties. Ex-mining area has a high rate of erosion. Poor tree growth in revegetation area has been determined caused by a deficiency of Ca, Fe, Cu, or Mn. The possibility of Ni and Cr toxicity in plants needs to be further investigated. Local resources in the form of slag can be used for revegetation, especially converter slag. The results obtained from this study can be used to give the advice of post-nickel mining land management, based on land characteristics. A better management advice covers two issues, namely improvements of the management action actually implemented and improvements in technical rehabilitation. Keywords: Pedological processes, post nickel mining land, revegetation

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Mann, Jill. « Does an Author Understand his Own Text ? Nigel of Longchamp and the Speculum stultorum ». Journal of Medieval Latin 17 (janvier 2007) : 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jml.2.305681.

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Węsławski, Jan Marcin. « Why Does the Seal Exist ? Teleology in the Present-Day Human Relation to Animals ». Zoophilologica, n^o 6 (29 décembre 2020) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zoophilologica.2020.06.06.

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Teleologia – wywodzące się od czasów starożytnych przekonanie, że wszystkie gatunki istnieją w określonym celu (Stwórca powołał je do życia, nadając im role), ma się zdumiewająco dobrze we współczesnej szkolnej edukacji i praktyce zarządzania środowiskiem. Prowadzi to do przyjęcia założenia o człowieku jako „dobrym ogrodniku”, który wybiera gatunki pożyteczne i usuwa szkodliwe, planując i egzekwując ich liczebność oraz obszar występowania. Tego rodzaju podejście jest w sprzeczności ze współczesną wiedzą o plastyczności gatunków i ekosystemów, które zmieniają się na skutek złożonych zjawisk przyrodniczych. W efekcie powstaje konflikt pomiędzy tymi, którzy chcą chronić wybrane gatunki z powodu tego, że spełniają one określoną funkcję, którą my lub Stwórca im nadaliśmy (dostarczają dobra lub usługi ekosystemowe), oraz tymi, którzy chcą chronić Przyrodę dla niej samej.

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Lindqvist, H., C. W. O'Dell, S. Basu, H. Boesch, F. Chevallier, N. Deutscher, L. Feng et al. « Does GOSAT capture the true seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide ? » Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, n^o 22 (24 novembre 2015) : 13023–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13023-2015.

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Abstract. The seasonal cycle accounts for a dominant mode of total column CO2 (XCO2) annual variability and is connected to CO2 uptake and release; it thus represents an important quantity to test the accuracy of the measurements from space. We quantitatively evaluate the XCO2 seasonal cycle of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations from the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval system and compare average regional seasonal cycle features to those directly measured by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We analyse the mean seasonal cycle amplitude, dates of maximum and minimum XCO2, as well as the regional growth rates in XCO2 through the fitted trend over several years. We find that GOSAT/ACOS captures the seasonal cycle amplitude within 1.0 ppm accuracy compared to TCCON, except in Europe, where the difference exceeds 1.0 ppm at two sites, and the amplitude captured by GOSAT/ACOS is generally shallower compared to TCCON. This bias over Europe is not as large for the other GOSAT retrieval algorithms (NIES v02.21, RemoTeC v2.35, UoL v5.1, and NIES PPDF-S v.02.11), although they have significant biases at other sites. We find that the ACOS bias correction partially explains the shallow amplitude over Europe. The impact of the co-location method and aerosol changes in the ACOS algorithm were also tested and found to be few tenths of a ppm and mostly non-systematic. We find generally good agreement in the date of minimum XCO2 between ACOS and TCCON, but ACOS generally infers a date of maximum XCO2 2–3 weeks later than TCCON. We further analyse the latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere and compare the dependence to that predicted by current optimized models that assimilate in situ measurements of CO2. In the zonal averages, models are consistent with the GOSAT amplitude to within 1.4 ppm, depending on the model and latitude. We also show that the seasonal cycle of XCO2 depends on longitude especially at the mid-latitudes: the amplitude of GOSAT XCO2 doubles from western USA to East Asia at 45–50° N, which is only partially shown by the models. In general, we find that model-to-model differences can be larger than GOSAT-to-model differences. These results suggest that GOSAT/ACOS retrievals of the XCO2 seasonal cycle may be sufficiently accurate to evaluate land surface models in regions with significant discrepancies between the models.

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