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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nicchia ecologica »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nicchia ecologica"
Amici, V., M. Marcantonio et F. Geri. « Application of a niche-based model for forest cover classification ». Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 9, no 2 (7 mai 2012) : 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0689-009.
Texte intégralCarloni, Serena, et Marco A. Bologna. « Differenze nella nicchia ecologica tra due specie di Oedemera in ecosistemi mediterranei e continentali dell’Italia centrale (Coleoptera : Oedemeridae) ». Entomologia Generalis 28, no 3 (1 décembre 2005) : 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/28/2005/201.
Texte intégralAl-Salimi, Abdulrahman. « OMAN AND IBADISM FROM A RELIGIOUS REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ». Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio, 13 juillet 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/incontri.2017.277.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Nicchia ecologica"
IVALDI, PAOLO. « La città come "nicchia ecologica" dell'uomo ? : politiche ambientali e gestione della complessità tra ecodiplomazia e azione locale ». Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278415.
Texte intégralVAJANA, ELIA. « Studio della storia evoluzionistica e conservazione delle specie zootecniche attraverso analisi di genomica del paesaggio e modelli di nicchia ecologica ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19085.
Texte intégralBiodiversity is quickly disappearing due to human impact on the biosphere, and to market pressure. Consequently, the protection of both wild and domestic species needs to become a priority in order to preserve their evolutionary potential and, ultimately, guarantee a sustainable future for coming human generations. To date, tens of methods have been proposed to prioritize biodiversity for conservation purposes. Here, an ontology for priority setting in conservation biology is provided with the aim of supporting the selection of the most opportune methodologies given specific conservation goals. Further, two case studies are presented characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and indigenous Ugandan cattle (Bos taurus L.), respectively. In particular, two independent domestication centres (North-western India and Indochina) and separate migration routes are suggested for the ‘river’ and ‘swamp’ water buffalo types. In the case of indigenous Ugandan cattle, the integration of species distribution modelling and landscape genomics techniques allowed the identification of PRKG1 and SLA2 as candidate genes for local adaptation to East Coast Fever, a vector-borne disease affecting bovine populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. Results are discussed for their implications in water buffalo conservation and Ugandan cattle adaptive management.
VAJANA, ELIA. « Studio della storia evoluzionistica e conservazione delle specie zootecniche attraverso analisi di genomica del paesaggio e modelli di nicchia ecologica ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19085.
Texte intégralBiodiversity is quickly disappearing due to human impact on the biosphere, and to market pressure. Consequently, the protection of both wild and domestic species needs to become a priority in order to preserve their evolutionary potential and, ultimately, guarantee a sustainable future for coming human generations. To date, tens of methods have been proposed to prioritize biodiversity for conservation purposes. Here, an ontology for priority setting in conservation biology is provided with the aim of supporting the selection of the most opportune methodologies given specific conservation goals. Further, two case studies are presented characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and indigenous Ugandan cattle (Bos taurus L.), respectively. In particular, two independent domestication centres (North-western India and Indochina) and separate migration routes are suggested for the ‘river’ and ‘swamp’ water buffalo types. In the case of indigenous Ugandan cattle, the integration of species distribution modelling and landscape genomics techniques allowed the identification of PRKG1 and SLA2 as candidate genes for local adaptation to East Coast Fever, a vector-borne disease affecting bovine populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. Results are discussed for their implications in water buffalo conservation and Ugandan cattle adaptive management.
MONTALTO, Valeria. « Modelli meccanicistici biofisici e bioenergetici DEB per la predizione della nicchia ecologica dei sospensivori bentonici in Mediterraneo in un contesto di climate change ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90648.
Texte intégralTIROZZI, PIETRO. « Long-term responses of bird populations to environmental and climatic changes ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403719.
Texte intégralAn extensive knowledge about population responses to ongoing environmental and climatic changes is a primary goal to enhance environmental policies and promote biodiversity conservation. The capacity of a population in responding to rapid changes occurring within ecosystems is one of the most important aspects that can determine its trajectory over space and time. This thesis describes four studies that analyse some long-term responses of bird populations from both a methodological and applicative point of view, providing novel and valuable findings not only for bird studies but also in a broad ecological perspective. The first research focused on some methodological issues in population trend modelling. Changes in population size over time (i.e. population trends) are one of the clearest responses of populations to environmental changes and represent a key tool for wildlife conservation. Thus, improving the capacity of estimating trends is pivotal. The study investigated the effects of the environmental bias, which may affect many existing surveys because of a variation in the sampling effort or design over space and time, and of two statistical properties of count data, namely overdispersion and zero inflation, on the estimation process of population trends. A multi-step modelling approach was proposed, and findings highlighted that the environmental bias was the most important factor that causes differences in trend estimates across models. Additionally, overdispersion and zero inflation can influence, also significantly, the estimates, and modelling frameworks should consider their evaluation in the statistical approach. In the second work, this modelling framework was applied to assess the long-term population trends for common breeding birds at regional scale (northern Italy). Additionally, through a trait-based approach, the study investigated whether species with similar life-history and ecological traits shared similar population dynamics. Findings allowed identifying species that need more conservation attention and for which management measures are required to avoid further population declines. The trait-based approach allowed identifying which ecological and functional groups need greater attention, emphasising the usefulness of traits’ information to plan further studies aimed at identifying the drivers at the basis of the observed population changes. Then, the third study focused on niche modelling to understand whether a species can adapt its realised Grinnellian niche along relatively long-term periods as results of ongoing environmental changes. Moreover, the study assessed whether the observed changes were linked to population trends, obtained from the previous work, and to species traits. The multi-species analysis on common breeding birds highlighted that niche conservatism is not a ubiquitous condition, and some species are changing their niches. Findings also showed the existence of non-random associations between niche changes and both population trends and groups of species sharing similar life-history and ecological traits. The last research dealt with assessing the effects of climate change on bird populations focusing on the extreme climatic events, which exacerbation and increase in frequency poses new global challenges for nature conservation. Using the UK Breeding Bird Survey, a long-term large-scale monitoring program, a multi-species analysis investigated how populations respond to extreme climatic events and which species are more sensitive to such climatic conditions. Findings highlighted widespread effects of extreme climatic events on the abundance of bird populations, suggesting that they could be a key driver for shaping future population dynamics. Long-term data revealed to be extremely important for assessing responses of populations in a changing environment and are essential to achieve a comprehensive perspective of ecological processes that can affect biocenoses and ecosystems.
ONETO, FABRIZIO. « Lo status di conservazione della testuggine palustre Emys trinacris negli ambienti umidi della Sicilia : un approccio integrato ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1047380.
Texte intégralCANDELIERE, FRANCESCO. « Tecniche genomiche e metagenomiche per la caratterizzazione di batteri e comunità microbiche in nicchie ecologiche rilevanti per la salute umana ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1238973.
Texte intégralThe modern Next Generation Sequencing technologies represent a crucial component in the study of microorganisms and microbial communities thanks to the huge quantity of data they can provide in a short period of time. These technologies allow the identification and characterization of microorganisms exploiting a vast number of bioinformatic tools that can replace the standard in vitro typing techniques, resulting in savings of time and resources. Genomics and metagenomics can be applied in different fields and they can provide information on single microorganism or on entire microbial communities. We focused our studies on two ecological niches: food matrices and human gut microbiome, due to their relevance to human health. The first work of this thesis is a comparative genomic study of 12 Leuconostoc carnosum strains isolated from meat-based products. This bacterium is a known colonizer of meat-based food matrices, it plays a role in spoilage, but preservative effects have also been proposed for some strains. In our study we performed whole genome sequencing for all the strains, and after genome assembly we identified their genomic features, the presence of plasmids, and genes related to antibiotic resistance, bacteriocins production, biogenic amines synthesis. We also reconstructed their metabolic pathways. The comparison revealed that the strains are closely related and share most of the metabolic features, confirming the adaptation to the meat environment due to the presence of 23 peptidase genes in their core genome. With this study we provided a deeper insight into the genomic and metabolic features of this bacterium ubiquitous in meat products. The second project of the thesis aimed to investigate through an inedited metagenomic strategy the presence of beta-glucuronidases (GUS) in the human gut microbiome. Beta-glucuronidases (GUS) produced by gut microbiome bacteria can remove glucuronic acid moieties from a vast range of compounds and metabolites, like drugs and xenobiotics. These molecules are conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to be excreted in the gastrointestinal tract, so the action of GUS may reactivate them allowing the reabsorption, with unpredictable and different efficacy of drugs and negative effect on health. GUS are classified in classes by the differences in the catalytic site. 60 shotgun sequenced metagenomic samples from healthy subjects, ascribed to five geographically distinct cohorts, have been retrieved. From this dataset, bacterial composition has been defined and a novel pipeline to investigate distribution the different GUS has been developed and utilized. Beta-diversity calculated on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index has been used to determine the distances among samples and determine the differences among samples in terms of GUS type distribution and abundance of bacteria containing GUS. Since the structural differences in the enzyme involve a different substrate specificity, and taking into account the ratio of bacterial community harbouring GUS genes, we can assess that the microbiota composition can alter the excretion of certain drugs or xenobiotics, and determine a wide interindividual variability in terms of response to drugs. In the third part of the thesis, I present metagenomic analysis carried out in two other different studies, the former aimed to investigate the microbial composition in enriched human faecal samples to identify gut mucin degraders, and the latter focused on the description of the microbiota of Hermetia illucens larvae reared for food or feed consumption.
IVALDI, PAOLO. « La citta' come “nicchia ecologica” dell’uomo ? Politiche ambientali e gestione della complessita' tra ecodiplomazia e azione locale ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/432605.
Texte intégralIANNUCCI, GIULIA. « Naturalizzare l'individuo : menti, soggettività e nicchie ecologiche ». Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1360660.
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