Bibliographies thématiques / NFATc [Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell]

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "NFATc [Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell]"

Luo, C., E. Burgeon et A. Rao. « Mechanisms of transactivation by nuclear factor of activated T cells-1. » Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1996) : 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.1.141.

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Nuclear factor of activated T cells-family proteins (NFAT1/NFATp, NFATc, NFAT3, and NFAT4/NFATx/NFATc3) play a key role in the transcription of cytokine genes and other genes during the immune response. We have defined the mechanisms of transactivation by NFAT1. NFAT1 possesses two transactivation domains whose sequences are not conserved in the other NFAT-family proteins, and a conserved DNA-binding domain that mediates the recruitment of cooperating nuclear transcription factors even when it is expressed in the absence of other regions of the protein. The activity of the NH2-terminal transactivation domain is modulated by an adjacent regulatory region that contains several conserved sequence motifs represented only in the NFAT family. Our results emphasize the multiple levels at which NFAT-dependent transactivation is regulated, and predict significant differences in the architecture of cooperative transcription complexes containing different NFAT-family proteins.

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Masuda, E. S., Y. Naito, H. Tokumitsu, D. Campbell, F. Saito, C. Hannum, K. Arai et N. Arai. « NFATx, a novel member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells family that is expressed predominantly in the thymus. » Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, n^o 5 (mai 1995) : 2697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.5.2697.

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The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulates cytokine gene expression in T cells through cis-acting elements located in the promoters of cytokine genes. Here, we report the cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, and initial characterization of a transcription factor related to NFATp and NFATc. The novel molecule, designated NFATx, exhibits in its middle a region very similar to the Rel homology domain in NFATc and NFATp. The amino-terminal region of NFATx also shows significant similarities to corresponding sequences in NFATc and NFATp and contains three copies of a conspicuous 17-residue motif of unknown function. We provide evidence showing that NFATx can reconstitute binding to the NFAT-binding site from the interleukin 2 promoter when combined with AP1 (c-Fos/c-Jun) polypeptides and that NFATx is capable of activating transcription of the interleukin 2 promoter in COS-7 cells when stimulated with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. NFATx mRNA is preferentially and remarkably found in the thymus and at lower levels in peripheral blood leukocytes. The expression pattern of NFATx, together with its functional activity, strongly suggests that NFATx plays a role in the regulation of gene expression in T cells and immature thymocytes.

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Lunde, Ida G., Heidi Kvaløy, Bjørg Austbø, Geir Christensen et Cathrine R. Carlson. « Angiotensin II and norepinephrine activate specific calcineurin-dependent NFAT transcription factor isoforms in cardiomyocytes ». Journal of Applied Physiology 111, n^o 5 (novembre 2011) : 1278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01383.2010.

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Norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (ANG II) are primary effectors of the sympathetic adrenergic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, mediating hypertrophic, apoptotic, and fibrotic events in the myocardium. As NE and ANG II have been shown to affect intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes, we hypothesized that they activate the calcium-sensitive, prohypertrophic calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATc) signaling pathway. More specifically, we have investigated isoform-specific activation of NFAT in NE- and ANG II-stimulated cardiomyocytes, as it is likely that each of the four calcineurin-dependent isoforms, c1-c4, play specific roles. We have stimulated neonatal ventriculocytes from C57/B6 and NFAT-luciferase reporter mice with ANG II or NE and quantified NFAT activity by luciferase activity and phospho-immunoblotting. ANG II and NE increased calcineurin-dependent NFAT activity 2.4- and 1.9-fold, measured as luciferase activity after 24 h of stimulation, and induced protein synthesis, measured by radioactive leucine incorporation after 24 and 72 h. To optimize measurements of NFAT isoforms, we examined the specificity of NFAT antibodies on peptide arrays and by immunoblotting with designed blocking peptides. Western analyses showed that both effectors activate NFATc1 and c4, while NFATc2 activity was regulated by NE only, as measured by phospho-NFAT levels. Neither ANG II nor NE activated NFATc3. As today's main therapies for heart failure aim at antagonizing the adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, understanding their intracellular actions is of importance, and our data, through validating a method for measuring myocardial NFATs, indicate that ANG II and NE activate specific NFATc isoforms in cardiomyocytes.

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Wu, Chia-Cheng, Shu-Ching Hsu, Hsiu-ming Shih et Ming-Zong Lai. « Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells c Is a Target of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in T Cells ». Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, n^o 18 (15 septembre 2003) : 6442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.18.6442-6454.2003.

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ABSTRACT p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is essential for T-cell activation. Here we demonstrated that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a direct target of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK led to selective inactivation of NFAT in T cells. We further linked a strict requirement of p38 MAPK to activation of NFATc. A stimulatory effect of p38 MAPK on at least four other stages of NFATc activation was found. First, the p38 MAPK cascade activated the NFATc promoter and induced the transcription of NFATc mRNA. Second, p38 MAPK mildly increased the mRNA stability of NFATc. Third, p38 MAPK enhanced the translation of NFATc mRNA. Fourth, p38 MAPK promoted the interaction of NFATc with the coactivator CREB-binding protein. In contrast, p38 MAPK moderately enhanced the expulsion of NFATc from the nucleus in T cells. Therefore, p38 MAPK has opposite effects on different stages of NFATc activation. All together, the overall effect of p38 MAPK on NFATc in T cells is clear activation.

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Aramburu, J., L. Azzoni, A. Rao et B. Perussia. « Activation and expression of the nuclear factors of activated T cells, NFATp and NFATc, in human natural killer cells : regulation upon CD16 ligand binding. » Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1995) : 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.3.801.

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The putative factors that couple the signal transduction from surface receptors to the activation of cytokine synthesis in natural killer (NK) cells have not been elucidated. We report here that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATp), a cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive factor that regulates the transcription of several cytokines, mediates CD16-induced activation of cytokine genes in human NK cells. CD16 (Fc gamma RIIIA)-induced expression of cytokine mRNA in NK cells occurs via a CsA-sensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. Stimulation of NK cells with CD16 ligands induces NFAT-like DNA binding activity in the nuclear extracts from these cells, as detected in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This occurs with fast kinetics after stimulation, via a CsA-sensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism that does not require de novo protein synthesis. NK cell NFAT is present in the cytosol of nonstimulated cells, migrates to the nucleus upon stimulation, and can associate with AP-1. Two distinct molecules, NFATp and NFATc, have been reported to mediate NFAT activity. The results of supershift assays using NFATp- and NFATc- specific antibodies indicate that NK cell activation early after CD16 ligand binding involves primarily, if not exclusively, NFATp, and Western blot analysis shows that this has the same electrophoretic mobility (approximately 120 kD) as that of T lymphocytes. NK cells do not express NFATc constitutively, but NFATc mRNA accumulation is induced in these cells within 2 h of stimulation with CD16 ligands. However, supershift assays using the available mAb recognizing the T cell NFATc revealed no detectable NFATc protein in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from CD16- or phorbol ester-stimulated cells at any time tested, up to 4 h. These results provide the first direct evidence that both CsA-sensitive transcription factors, NFATp and NFATc, are expressed in human NK cells, and that their activation and/or expression can be regulated in primary cells by a single stimulus, that, in the case of CD16 in NK cells, results in early activation of NFATp and subsequently induced expression of NFATc mRNA.

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Martínez-Martínez, S., P. Gómez del Arco, A. L. Armesilla, J. Aramburu, C. Luo, A. Rao et J. M. Redondo. « Blockade of T-cell activation by dithiocarbamates involves novel mechanisms of inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cells. » Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, n^o 11 (novembre 1997) : 6437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.11.6437.

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Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have recently been reported as powerful inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation in a number of cell types. Given the role of this transcription factor in the regulation of gene expression in the inflammatory response, NF-kappaB inhibitors have been suggested as potential therapeutic drugs for inflammatory diseases. We show here that DTCs inhibited both interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis and membrane expression of antigens which are induced during T-cell activation. This inhibition, which occurred with a parallel activation of c-Jun transactivating functions and expression, was reflected by transfection experiments at the IL-2 promoter level, and involved not only the inhibition of NF-kappaB-driven reporter activation but also that of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Accordingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) indicated that pyrrolidine DTC (PDTC) prevented NF-kappaB, and NFAT DNA-binding activity in T cells stimulated with either phorbol myristate acetate plus ionophore or antibodies against the CD3-T-cell receptor complex and simultaneously activated the binding of AP-1. Furthermore, PDTC differentially targeted both NFATp and NFATc family members, inhibiting the transactivation functions of NFATp and mRNA induction of NFATc. Strikingly, Western blotting and immunocytochemical experiments indicated that PDTC promoted a transient and rapid shuttling of NFATp and NFATc, leading to their accelerated export from the nucleus of activated T cells. We propose that the activation of an NFAT kinase by PDTC could be responsible for the rapid shuttling of the NFAT, therefore transiently converting the sustained transactivation of this transcription factor that occurs during lymphocyte activation, and show that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) can act by directly phosphorylating NFATp. In addition, the combined inhibitory effects on NFAT and NF-KB support a potential use of DTCs as immunosuppressants.

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Wang, Qingding, Yuning Zhou, Lindsey N. Jackson, Sara M. Johnson, Chi-Wing Chow et B. Mark Evers. « Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling regulates PTEN expression and intestinal cell differentiation ». Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, n^o 3 (février 2011) : 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0598.

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The nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) proteins are a family of transcription factors (NFATc1–c4) involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and adaptation. Previously we demonstrated that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or overexpression of PTEN enhanced intestinal cell differentiation. Here we show that treatment of intestinal-derived cells with the differentiating agent sodium butyrate (NaBT) increased PTEN expression, NFAT binding activity, and NFAT mRNA expression, whereas pretreatment with the NFAT signaling inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) blocked NaBT-mediated PTEN induction. Moreover, knockdown of NFATc1 or NFATc4, but not NFATc2 or NFATc3, attenuated NaBT-induced PTEN expression. Knockdown of NFATc1 decreased PTEN expression and increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and downstream targets Foxo1 and GSK-3α/β. Furthermore, overexpression of NFATc1 or the NFATc4 active mutant increased PTEN and p27kip1 expression and decreased Akt phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with CsA blocked NaBT-mediated induction of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity and villin and p27kip1 expression; knockdown of either NFATc1 or NFATc4 attenuated NaBT-induced IAP activity. We provide evidence showing that NFATc1 and NFATc4 are regulators of PTEN expression. Importantly, our results suggest that NFATc1 and NFATc4 regulation of intestinal cell differentiation may be through PTEN regulation.

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Amasaki, Yoshiharu, Esteban S. Masuda, Ryu Imamura, Ken-ichi Arai et Naoko Arai. « Distinct NFAT Family Proteins Are Involved in the Nuclear NFAT-DNA Binding Complexes from Human Thymocyte Subsets ». Journal of Immunology 160, n^o 5 (1 mars 1998) : 2324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2324.

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Abstract The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the transcriptional induction of cytokine and other immunoregulatory genes during an immune response. Among four distinct NFAT family members identified to date, mRNAs of NFAT1, NFATc, and NFATx are expressed in the thymus. Here, we report the distribution of these three NFAT family members in human fetal thymocyte subsets and in peripheral mature T cells. We show that NFATx mRNA was expressed in all T lymphocyte subsets tested and was highest in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Conversely, NFAT1 mRNA was preferentially expressed in the mature CD4+ single positive (SP) populations. NFATc mRNA was present at low levels in all subsets but strongly induced upon treatment with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. Interestingly, we detected NFAT-DNA binding complexes in DP thymocytes, albeit at lower levels than in CD4 SP cells. Corresponding to the mRNA expression, we observed that NFATx was responsible for the NFAT-DNA binding in DP thymocytes. Moreover, this DNA binding was inhibited by cyclosporin A, indicating that NFATx nuclear translocation was regulated by the calcineurin phosphatase in DP thymocytes. For the CD4 SP populations, NFAT1 and NFATc, and to some extent NFATx, were responsible for the NFAT-DNA binding complexes. These results indicate that NFAT family members are differentially regulated during the development of T cells, and that NFATx may play a distinct role in calcineurin-dependent signaling in DP thymocytes.

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SUGIMOTO, TOSHIRO, MASAKAZU HANEDA, HIROTAKA SAWANO, KEIJI ISSHIKI, SHIRO MAEDA, DAISUKE KOYA, KEN INOKI, HITOSHI YASUDA, ATSUNORI KASHIWAGI et RYUICHI KIKKAWA. « Endothelin-1 Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Via Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell Transcription Factor in Glomerular Mesangial Cells ». Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, n^o 7 (juillet 2001) : 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1271359.

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Abstract. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) originally was identified as a T-cell—specific transcription factor whose activity is regulated by calcineurin, one of the serine-threonine phosphatases. Recent studies have shown that NFAT also is expressed in nonlymphoid cells and plays an important role in various cell functions. It is widely known that treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA), which can inhibit calcineurin/NFAT signaling, results in glomerular dysfunction characterized by a decrease of GFR or glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that NFAT might regulate the glomerular function. However, the precise function of NFAT in glomerular cells remains to be clarified. Herein, evidence has been produced that NFAT2/NFATc, one of five known NFAT isoforms, is expressed in glomerular mesangial cells. Stimulation of mesangial cells with endothelin-1 caused translocation of NFAT2 into the nucleus with a concomitant increase in NFAT2 DNA-binding activity, both of which were inhibited by CsA. Furthermore, CsA inhibited endothelin-1—induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mesangial cells. NFAT2 bound directly to the GGAAA sequence, which is the minimal consensus sequence for NFAT binding, in a promoter region of ratCOX-2gene, and it enhanced the reporter activity of rat COX-2 promoter in mesangial cells. These findings provide the first evidence that NFAT2 is expressed and regulates COX-2 gene expression in mesangial cells. These results will contribute to evaluation of the precise roles of NFAT in glomerular functions and the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Liu, Yewei, Zoltán Cseresnyés, William R. Randall et Martin F. Schneider. « Activity-dependent nuclear translocation and intranuclear distribution of NFATc in adult skeletal muscle fibers ». Journal of Cell Biology 155, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2001) : 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200103020.

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TTranscription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells NFATc (NFATc1, NFAT2) may contribute to slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber type–specific gene expression. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) or FLAG fusion proteins of either wild-type or constitutively active mutant NFATc [NFATc(S→A)] were expressed in cultured adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers from flexor digitorum brevis (predominantly fast-twitch). Unstimulated fibers expressing NFATc(S→A) exhibited a distinct intranuclear pattern of NFATc foci. In unstimulated fibers expressing NFATc–GFP, fluorescence was localized at the sarcomeric z-lines and absent from nuclei. Electrical stimulation using activity patterns typical of slow-twitch muscle, either continuously at 10 Hz or in 5-s trains at 10 Hz every 50 s, caused cyclosporin A–sensitive appearance of fluorescent foci of NFATc–GFP in all nuclei. Fluorescence of nuclear foci increased during the first hour of stimulation and then remained constant during a second hour of stimulation. Kinase inhibitors and ionomycin caused appearance of nuclear foci of NFATc–GFP without electrical stimulation. Nuclear translocation of NFATc–GFP did not occur with either continuous 1 Hz stimulation or with the fast-twitch fiber activity pattern of 0.1-s trains at 50 Hz every 50 s. The stimulation pattern–dependent nuclear translocation of NFATc demonstrated here could thus contribute to fast-twitch to slow-twitch fiber type transformation.

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Thèses sur le sujet "NFATc [Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell]"

Lejard, Véronique. « Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du collagène de type I dans les fibroblastes tendineux ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066465.

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L’expression du gène codant pour la chaîne1 du collagène I (Col1a1) dans les tendons nécessite la coopération des éléments cis-activateurs TSE1, TSE2 et d’éléments localisés entre – 1537 et – 220 pb du promoteur proximal de Col1a1. Mon travail de thèse avait pour but d’identifier les facteurs de transcription qui, en se liant à ces séquences, activent le promoteur de Col1a1 dans les tendons. J’ai montré (1) que scleraxis (SCX), dont l’expression est spécifique des tendons, active le promoteur de Col1a1 en se liant à TSE2 sous forme d��hétérodimère SCX/E47 ; (2) que des facteurs de transcription NFATc sont exprimés dans les fibroblastes tendineux, peuvent se lier à TSE1 et augmenter l’expression de Col1a1 ; et (3) que la protéine Egr2 active le promoteur de Col1a1 probablement en se liant à un élément localisé entre – 1537 et – 220 pb. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que l’expression du gène Col1a1 dans les fibroblastes tendineux nécessite la coopération de SCX et de NFATc avec Egr2.

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Solovey, Maria [Verfasser], et Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Burchert. « Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, NFATC1, governs FLT3-ITD-driven hematopoietic stem cell transformation and a poor prognosis in AML / Maria Solovey ; Betreuer : Andreas Burchert ». Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202110460/34.

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Catherinet, Claire. « Etude des effecteurs de la voie Ca2+/Calmoduline dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC293/document.

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Les leucémies aigües lymphobastiques (LAL) représentent un tiers des leucémies et constituent le cancer pédiatrique le plus fréquent chez l’enfant. Les LAL de type T (LAL-T)sont caractérisées par l’expansion anormale de progéniteurs de lymphocytes T. Aujourd’hui,la réponse curative aux traitements est proche de 80% chez l’enfant et 50% chez l’adulte. La rechute reste donc fréquente et souvent de mauvais pronostic. Pour ces raisons,l’identification de nouvelles voies de signalisation en vue de développer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques est cruciale afin d’améliorer le traitement des LAL-T.Les résultats précédents du laboratoire ont révélé l’activation soutenue de la voie calcineurine (Cn)/NFAT dans des échantillons humains de lymphomes et de LAL, ainsi que dans des modèles murins de ces pathologies. Le laboratoire a ensuite montré que Cn est intrinsèquement requise pour la capacité des cellules leucémiques de LAL-T à propager la maladie (activité LIC « Leukemia Initiating Cells ») dans un modèle murin de LAL-T induit parun allèle activé de NOTCH1 (ICN1). Puisque l’inhibition pharmacologique de Cn induit de nombreux effets secondaires, la recherche de cibles thérapeutiques en aval de Cn constitue un axe de recherche important. J’ai participé à une étude du laboratoire montrant que l’expression à la surface cellulaire de CXCR4 est régulée par Cn et requise pour la migration des cellules de LAL-T, mais non suffisante pour rétablir le potentiel de ré-initiation suggérant que d’autres effecteurs doivent être impliqués dans cette activité.Les facteurs de transcription NFAT (NFAT1, NFAT2 et NFAT4) sont des effecteurs importants de Cn en réponse à la signalisation calcique lors du développement des thymocytes, mais également dans les lymphocytes T. L’essentiel de ce travail de thèse a utilisé des LAL-T induites par ICN1 dans lesquelles l’inactivation génique des trois facteurs NFAT par recombinaison homologue. Nous avons ainsi montré que (i) les facteurs NFAT sont requis en aval de Cn pour le potentiel LIC des LAL-T-ICN1 in vivo, (ii) leur inactivation altère la survie, la prolifération et la migration des cellules de LAL-T in vitro, (iii) NFAT1,NFAT2 et NFAT4 ont une fonction largement redondante dans les LAL-T. Nous avons également par une approche transcriptomique identifié deux gènes dont l’expression estsous contrôle des facteurs NFAT et impliqués dans la régulation de la survie et de la prolifération des LAL-T in vitro : CDKN1A et MAFB.Tout comme la voie Cn/NFAT, les CaMKs sont des protéines kinases activées en aval de la signalisation calcique dans les lymphocytes T. Nous avons montré par une approche pharmacologique que l’inhibition des CaMKs dans les LAL-T-ICN1 in vitro altère la survie etla prolifération des cellules leucémiques. L’inhibition spécifique par une approche d’ARN interférence de deux isoenzymes CaMKIIγ et CaMKIIδ suggèrent que ces protéines jouent dans le maintien des cellules leucémiques in vitro
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of T cell progenitors. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, relapses remain frequent in children and adults. Previous results identify sustained activation of Calcineurin (Cn)/NFAT signaling pathway in human T-ALL and murine T-ALL models. Importantly, they also demonstrated Cn is essential for T-ALL Leukemia Initiating Cells (LIC) activity in a murine model of T-ALL induced by an activated allele of NOTCH1 (ICN1). Since pharmacologic inhibition of Cn induces side effects, we aim to identify downstream effectors involved in T-ALL. NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) factors play crucial roles downstream Cn during development and activation of T cells. To address their role in T-ALL, we generated mouse ICN1-induced T-ALL in which NFAT genes can be inactivated either single or in combination following Cre-mediated gene deletion. We demonstrated that (i) NFAT factors are required downstream Cn for LIC activity in T-ALL in vivo (ii) ex vivo NFAT factors deletion alters survival, proliferation and migration of T-ALL (iii) NFAT1, 2 and 4 have a largely redundant function in T-ALL. Moreover, the NFAT-dependant transcriptome allowed to identify important targets (CDKN1A, MAFB) involved in T-ALL survival and proliferation in vitro. Calmodulin-dependant kinases (CaMK) are kinases activated by calcium signaling in T cells. We showed that pharmacologic inhibition of CaMKs in ICN1-induced T-ALL alters survival and proliferation of T-ALL in vitro. Beside, specific inhibition by RNA interference of CaMKIIg and CaMKIId suggests a putative role of these kinases in T-ALL maintenance

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Arabanian, Laleh Sadat. « Role of NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells) Transcription Factors in Hematopoiesis ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99739.

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Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms that control hematopoiesis and the interaction between hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in vivo is of considerable interest. The calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) is known as master regulator of cytokine production in T lymphocytes and therefore central for T cell-dependent immune reactions, but has also been shown to regulate a process of differentiation and tissue adaptation in various cell types. The activation of NFAT is dependent on the calcium level within the cell. In resting cells, calcium levels are low and NFAT is cytoplasmic and inactive. A sustained increase in the internal calcium concentration within an external stimuli leads to activation of the calcium-dependent calcineurin, followed by dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT. We have previously shown that NFATc2, a member of the NFAT family, is expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). A mouse model harboring NFATc2 deficiency provides the opportunity for in vivo investigation of the role of NFATc2 in hematopoiesis. Our recent observations showed that aged mice lacking the transcription factor NFATc2 develop peripheral blood anemia and thrombocytopenia, BM hypoplasia and extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and liver. The proliferation and differentiation of NFATc2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo, however, was found to be intact. It remained therefore unclear whether the disturbed hematopoiesis in NFATc2-deficient mice was caused by the hematopoietic or the stroma component of the BM hematopoietic niche. In the current study we dissected the relative contribution of hematopoietic and stroma cells to the phenotype of the NFATc2-deficent mice by transplanting immuno-magnetically purified NFATc2-deficient (KO) HSCs to lethally irradiated wild type (WT) mice, and vice versa. After a post-transplantation period of 6-8 months, peripheral blood, BM as well as spleen and liver of the transplanted animals were analyzed and compared to WT and KO mice transplanted with control cells. Transplantation of NFATc2-deficient HSCs into WT recipients (KO WT) induced similar hematological abnormalities as those occurring in non-transplanted KO mice or in KO mice transplanted with KO cells (KO KO). Compared to WT mice transplanted with WT cells (WT WT), KO WT mice showed evidence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and a significantly reduced number of hematopoietic cells in their BM. Likewise, KO WT mice developed clear signs of extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and liver, which was not the case in WT WT control animals. In addition to the hematopoietic abnormalities, transplantation of NFATc2-deficient HSC also induced osteogenic abnormalities such as BM sclerosis and fibrosis in WT mice. This phenomenon was rather subtle and of incomplete penetrance, but never seen in mice transplanted with WT cells. These data demonstrate for the first time, that the NFATc2 transcription factor directly regulates the intrinsic function of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. However, the transcriptional targets for NFAT in these cells are yet unknown. In addition to hematopoietic stem cells, NFATc2 has been shown to be expressed in a lineage-specific manner during myeloid differentiation and, notably, is maintained during megakaryopoiesis while it is suppressed during the differentiation of neutrophils. Bone marrow megakaryocytes are the precursors of peripheral blood platelets and therefore constitute an integral part of primary hemostasis, thrombosis and wound healing. The biological role of NFAT in megakaryocytes is unknown. We have recently shown that NFATc2 is not necessary for megakaryocytic differentiation. On the other hand, recent evidence suggests that NFATc2 is required for the transcription of specific megakaryocytic genes. In this study, we showed that activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in either primary megakaryocytes or CMK megakaryocytic cells forces the cells to go into apoptosis. Cell death in megakaryocytes is induced by treating the cells with the calcium ionophore ionomycin and suppressed by either the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Ionomycin stimulation of megakaryocytes leads to the expression of Fas Ligand (FASLG), a pro-apoptotic member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Expression of FASLG was detectable as early as four hours after stimulation on the membrane of ionomycin-treated megakaryocytes, was augmented in cells stably overexpressing NFATc2, and was suppressed in cells either pretreated with CsA or expressing the specific peptide inhibitor of NFAT, VIVIT. To investigate the physiological relevance of FASLG expression on megakaryocytes, we performed co-cultures of megakaryocytes with Fas-expressing T-lymphocytes, in which CMK cells were left either unstimulated or pre-stimulated with ionomycin and then added to Jurkat cells. The presence of ionomycin-stimulated CMK cells, but not of unstimulated cells or cells stimulated in the presence of CsA, significantly induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Overexpression of NFATc2 in CMK cells enhanced their potency to induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells, while cells expressing VIVIT were less effective. Apoptosis induction of Jurkat cells by stimulated CMK cells was partially blocked by the presence of either a neutralizing antibody against FASLG or an antagonistic antibody to Fas during the co-culture period, indicating involvement of the FASLG/Fas apoptosis pathway. These results represent the first clear evidence for a biological function of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in megakaryocytes, namely the regulation of Fas/FASLG-dependent apoptosis. Second, they underline that the biological role of megakaryocytes is not restricted to the production of proteins and other cellular structures for platelet assembly, but that this population of cells fulfills an independent regulatory function in the context of the surrounding tissue. Finally, we have identified by RNA sequencing analysis of NFATc2-expressing and -deficient cells, the entire set of genes which is induced by NFATc2 in stimulated megakaryocytes. Functional pathway analysis suggests an involvement of NFATc2 in pro-inflammatory pathways in these cells. The significance of these findings has to be addressed in further studies.

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Ulrich, Jason Daniel. « The regulaton and function of nuclear factor of activated T-cells in neurons ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2782.

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Ca2+-dependent transcription is a fundamental process by which neurons translate activation experience into cellular level adaptations. The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) family of proteins comprise four Ca2+/CaN-dependent transcription factors that are widely expressed throughout virtually all tissues. Within neurons, NFAT dependent signaling is critical for axonal development, regulation of synapse number and efficacy, and survival. Furthermore, NFAT is implicated in activity dependent regulation of genes involved in synaptic transmission, learning and memory, mood, and pain sensation. NFAT is activated upon elevations in intracellular Ca2+, which results in CaN -dependent dephosphorylation of multiple serine residues within an N-terminal regulatory region. NFAT dephosphorylation permits NFAT translocation to the nucleus, where it can regulate gene expression, frequently co-operatively with other transcription factors, including AP-1 and MEF2. NFAT activation is opposed or terminated by several kinases, including CK1 and GSK3. Despite the importance of NFAT proteins as regulators of Ca2+-dependent transcription, little is known about the regulation and function of specific NFAT isoforms within neurons. In Aim 1 of this thesis I characterized the differential activation of NFATc3 and NFATc4 in DRG neurons. While NFATc3 rapidly translocates the nucleus upon Ca2+-influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, NFATc4 remained remarkably intransient. Modular substitution of NFATc3 regulatory elements increased the rate or retention of NFATc4, whereas converse substitutions of NFATc4 regulatory elements into NFATc3 decreased NFATc3 nuclear translocation. The activation of NFATc4 appears to be inhibited by preferential phosphorylation by kinases, such as GSK3, which counteract CaN-dependent dephosphorylation. In Aim 2 I investigated the role of NFATc3 in hippocampal neurons. While the majority of NFAT reports in neurons have focused on NFATc4, my data suggest that NFATc3 is the predominantly expressed isoform in hippocampal neurons and is critical for depolarization-induced NFAT target gene expression. I further characterized NFATc3 KO mice in a battery of behavioral assays to test whether loss of NFATc3 expression would affect the baseline anxiety/depression state of the animal, or if NFATc3 was critical for learning and memory. Taken together, my data suggest that NFATc3 is important for NFAT-dependent gene expression in central and peripheral neurons and that distinct regulation of NFAT isoforms within neurons may underlie isoform-specific effects on gene expression.

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Arabanian, Laleh Sadat [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Rödel, Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiani et Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehninger. « Role of NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells) Transcription Factors in Hematopoiesis / Laleh Sadat Arabanian. Gutachter : Gerhard Rödel ; Alexander Kiani ; Gerhard Ehninger. Betreuer : Gerhard Rödel ». Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1068148918/34.

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Baggott, Rhiannon Rebecca. « Role of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase as a negative regulator of angiogenesis ». Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/332139.

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Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Unregulated angiogenesis is associated with several diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and tumour growth. Many signal transduction pathways have been implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and of particular interest the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway. Inhibition of calcineurin activity by the drug cyclopsorin A (CsA) has been shown to inhibit processes required for successful angiogenesis such as in vitro cell migration, tube formation and additionally attenuates corneal angiogenesis in vivo. CsA is associated with severe side effects and therefore the identification of an endogenous regulator of this pathway would be beneficial. One possibility is the plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs). These high affinity calcium extrusion pumps have been shown to interact with calcineurin in mammalian cells and cardiomyocytes and down-regulate the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. This is hypothesised to be due to the interaction between the two proteins which maintains calcineurin in a low calcium micro-environment generated by the calcium removal function of the pump. Interestingly, PMCA4 has been shown to interact with calcineurin in endothelial cells. The aim of our study was to further our understanding of PMCA4s regulation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway specifically in endothelial cells and establish if PMCA4 has a role in the regulation of angiogenesis. ‘Gain of function’ by adenoviral over-expression of PMCA4 and ‘loss of function’ by either si-RNA mediated knockdown of PMCA4 or isolation of PMCA4-/- MLEC were used as models. Over-expression of PMCA4 in HUVEC resulted in inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway with the opposite result occurring in the case of the knockout of PMCA4, identifying PMCA4 as a negative-regulator of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in endothelial cells. Over-expression of PMCA4 significantly attenuated VEGF-induced protein and mRNA expression of the pro-angiogenic proteins RCAN1.4 and Cox-2, endothelial cell migration and in vitro and in vivo tube formation with the opposite result occurring in knockdown or knockout studies, confirming PMCA4 as a down-regulator of angiogenesis. Interestingly, over-expression or knockdown of PMCA4 had no effect on VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation or Erk1/2 phopshorylation proposing PMCA4 may be a potential inhibitor of angiogenesis without compromising cell survival. Disruption of the interaction between PMCA4 and calcineurin by generation and ectopic expression of an adenovirus encoding the region of PMCA4 that interacts with calcineurin (428-651) (Ad-ID4) resulted in an increase in NFAT activity, RCAN1.4 protein expression and in vitro tube formation. These results identify the mechanism of PMCA4s inhibitory effect of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway and consequently angiogenesis is a result of the interaction between the two proteins. The novel findings of this study establish PMCA4 as a negative-regulator of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in endothelial cells and angiogenesis. These results are far reaching and highlight a potential role for PMCA4 as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases that are associated with pathological angiogenesis.

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Zhang, Danfeng [Verfasser], et Benito A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Yard. « The role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) in inflammation and the potential use of bifunctional enzyme triggered carbon monoxide releasing molecule in treatment of systemic inflammation / Danfeng Zhang ; Betreuer : Benito Yard ». Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-279386.

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Zhang, Danfeng [Verfasser], et Benito [Akademischer Betreuer] Yard. « The role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) in inflammation and the potential use of bifunctional enzyme triggered carbon monoxide releasing molecule in treatment of systemic inflammation / Danfeng Zhang ; Betreuer : Benito Yard ». Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205807497/34.

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Chebel, Amel. « Influence de la stimulation et de la sénescence réplicative des lymphocytes T sur le métabolisme des télomères ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10008.

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Les lymphocytes constituent un modèle original de cellules somatiques puisqu’ils sont capables de réactiver la télomérase lorsqu’ils sont stimulés. Nous avons montré que les lymphocytes, en culture prolongée et soumis à des stimulations itératives par la PHA, présentent une diminution progressive de l’activité télomérasique interrompue à chaque stimulation par une augmentation transitoire. Ces variations sont corrélées positivement aux variations de hTERT et de la longueur des télomères. Les foyers γ-H2AX et 53BP1 et leur localisation au niveau des télomères augmentent lors du vieillissement cellulaire. Nous montrons un dysfonctionnement des télomères au cours de la sénescence lymphocytaire in vitro résultant d’une érosion accrue des télomères et d’une diminution de l’expression des protéines qui les coiffent. Le mécanisme des variations précoces de l’expression de hTERT lors de l’activation lymphocytaire restaient à comprendre. Les conséquences du traitement des lymphocytes par différents immunosuppresseurs agissant tous de façon directe ou indirecte sur l’activation de NFAT suggéraient le rôle de NFAT dans la régulation transcriptionnelle de hTERT. Nous avons montré i) 5 éléments de réponse potentiels pour NFAT au niveau du promoteur de hTERT, ii) l’activation in vitro du promoteur de hTERT par NFAT essentiellement via un site consensus localisé dans le coeur du promoteur de hTERT en position -40 et une synergie fonctionnelle entre NFAT et SP1, iii) la liaison directe de NFAT sur le promoteur de hTERT via ce site consensus in vivo. Ainsi, NFAT1 régule la transcription de hTERT et est impliqué dans l’activation de la télomérase lors de la stimulation lymphocytaire
Lymphocytes are an example of somatic cells capable to induce telomerase activity when stimulated. We showed that lymphocytes, during long-term culture and repeated PHA stimulations, present a progressive drop in telomerase activity interrupted at each stimulation by a transitory increase. These variations are positively correlated with hTERT and telomere length variations. γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci and their localization on telomeres increase with cell aging. We show a telomere dysfunction during in vitro lymphocyte senescence resulting from an excessive telomere shortening and a decrease in shelterin content. The mechanism involved in early variations of hTERT expression during lymphocyte activation remained to be understood. Consequences of lymphocyte treatment with different immunosuppressors, all acting directly or indirectly on NFAT activation, suggested a role for NFAT in the regulation of hTERT transcription. Five putative responsive elements for NFAT were identified in the hTERT promoter. We showed that NFAT activates in vitro the hTERT promoter mainly via a consensus site localized in the promoter core at position -40 and a functional synergy between NFAT and SP1. Furthermore, NFAT1 binds directly to the endogenous hTERT promoter via this consensus site in vivo. Thus, NFAT positively regulates the hTERT transcription and we propose its implication in telomerase activation during lymphocyte stimulation

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "NFATc [Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell]"

Horstkorte, Rüdiger, Bettina Büttner, Kaya Bork, Navdeep Sahota, Sarah Sabir, Laura O’Regan, Joelle Blot et al. « NFAT2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 2, NFATc, NFAT Cytosolic, NFATc1, NFAT Cytosolic 1) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1215. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100915.

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Horstkorte, Rüdiger, Bettina Büttner, Kaya Bork, Navdeep Sahota, Sarah Sabir, Laura O’Regan, Joelle Blot et al. « NFAT4 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 4, NFATx, NFATc3, NFAT Cytosolic 3) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1215. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100917.

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Horstkorte, Rüdiger, Bettina Büttner, Kaya Bork, Navdeep Sahota, Sarah Sabir, Laura O’Regan, Joelle Blot et al. « NFAT1 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 1, NFATp, NFAT Preexisting, NFATc2, NFAT Cytosolic 2) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1215. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100914.

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Horstkorte, Rüdiger, Bettina Büttner, Kaya Bork, Navdeep Sahota, Sarah Sabir, Laura O’Regan, Joelle Blot et al. « NFAT3 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 3, NFATc4, NFAT Cytosolic 4) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1215. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100916.

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Aramburu, Jose, et Cristina López-Rodriguez. « Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology, 824–33. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_41.

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Horstkorte, Rüdiger, Bettina Büttner, Kaya Bork, Navdeep Sahota, Sarah Sabir, Laura O’Regan, Joelle Blot et al. « NFAT5 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 5, TonEBP, Tonicity-Responsive Enhancer Binding Protein, NFATz, OREBP, Osmotic Response Element-Binding Protein, NFATz, NFAT-L1, NFAT-Related Protein 1) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1215. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100918.

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« NFAT (nuclear factor activated T cell) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1343. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_11384.

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« Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell C3 (NFATc3) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 1594. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_100902.

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Macian, F. « Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells and Tolerance ». Dans Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, 573–79. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.30088-8.

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Macian, Fernando. « Cellular Immunology : Transcriptional Basis of T Cell Lineages – Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells and Tolerance ». Dans Reference Module in Life Sciences. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821618-7.00132-2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "NFATc [Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell]"

Lainšček, D., V. Mikolič, Š. Malenšek, A. Verbi&ccaron ; et R. Jerala. « P07.02 Regulation of CD19 CAR T- cell activation based on engineered Nuclear factor of activated T cells artificial transcription factors ». Dans iTOC8 – the 8th Leading International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference in Europe, 8–9 October 2021, Virtual Conference. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-itoc8.43.

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