Bibliographies thématiques / Next Generation Flow

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Next Generation Flow »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Janes, Matthew R., et Christian Rommel. « Next-generation flow cytometry ». Nature Biotechnology 29, no 7 (juillet 2011) : 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1919.

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Linton, Jim, et Shane W. Oram. « Next-Generation Flow Sorting ». Genetic Engineering & ; Biotechnology News 33, no 12 (15 juin 2013) : 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.33.12.13.

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Montpetit, Michael L., Timothy Gleeson et Francis F. Mandy. « Flow molecular cytobiology : The next generation ? » Clinical Immunology Newsletter 18, no 11-12 (novembre 1998) : 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-1859(00)89062-7.

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Narayan, Sri R., Archith Nirmalchandar, Advaith Murali, Bo Yang, Lena Hoober-Burkhardt, Sankarganesh Krishnamoorthy et G. K. Surya Prakash. « Next-generation aqueous flow battery chemistries ». Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 18 (décembre 2019) : 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2019.10.010.

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Mountfort, Katrina. « Next Generation FFR Microcatheter Technology ». Interventional Cardiology Review 12, no 02 (2017) : 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2017:12:2.s1.

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Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the mainstay of functional haemodynamic assessment of coronary artery lesions, guiding decisions in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The RXi® rapid exchange FFR system, featuring an ultrathin monorail pressure microcatheter (Navvus™) has the potential to simplify PCI procedures. Data from two studies sponsored by ACIST Medical Systems evaluating the clinical utility of the microcatheter system were presented at EuroPCR, which took place over 16–19 May 2017 in Paris. Early data from the FFR-Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (FFR-SEARCH) registry have indicated that post-PCI, almost half of patients have FFR values below 0.90 even when stent placement appears fine on angiography. This registry is noteworthy for including a high proportion of unstable patients. The Assessment of Catheter-based Interrogation and Standard Techniques for Fractional Flow Reserve measurement (ACIST-FFR) study has shown that the microcatheter system provides a modestly lower FFR value compared with the traditional pressure wire, and an independent predictor of a difference between the two is the physiological severity of the lesion as measured by the Navvus microcatheter, meaning that the clinical impact of the difference is minimal for most measurements. These findings add to the growing body of evidence in support of the microcatheter FFR system and have prompted further research into optimising procedures.
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Galbraith, David. « Flow cytometry and cell sorting : The next generation ». Methods 57, no 3 (juillet 2012) : 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.08.010.

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Huang, Qizhao, et Qing Wang. « Next-Generation, High-Energy-Density Redox Flow Batteries ». ChemPlusChem 80, no 2 (25 juillet 2014) : 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201402099.

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Oliver, Gavin R., Steven N. Hart et Eric W. Klee. « Bioinformatics for Clinical Next Generation Sequencing ». Clinical Chemistry 61, no 1 (1 janvier 2015) : 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2014.224360.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based assays continue to redefine the field of genetic testing. Owing to the complexity of the data, bioinformatics has become a necessary component in any laboratory implementing a clinical NGS test. CONTENT The computational components of an NGS-based work flow can be conceptualized as primary, secondary, and tertiary analytics. Each of these components addresses a necessary step in the transformation of raw data into clinically actionable knowledge. Understanding the basic concepts of these analysis steps is important in assessing and addressing the informatics needs of a molecular diagnostics laboratory. Equally critical is a familiarity with the regulatory requirements addressing the bioinformatics analyses. These and other topics are covered in this review article. SUMMARY Bioinformatics has become an important component in clinical laboratories generating, analyzing, maintaining, and interpreting data from molecular genetics testing. Given the rapid adoption of NGS-based clinical testing, service providers must develop informatics work flows that adhere to the rigor of clinical laboratory standards, yet are flexible to changes as the chemistry and software for analyzing sequencing data mature.
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Karunkuzha, D., et D. C. Tomar. « Traffic Flow Analysis Based Flow Control Mechanism for next Generation Network ». Information Technology Journal 12, no 7 (15 mars 2013) : 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.1439.1443.

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Özgen-Xian, Ilhan, Xilin Xia, Qiuhua Liang, Reinhard Hinkelmann, Dongfang Liang et Jingming Hou. « Innovations towards the next generation of shallow flow models ». Advances in Water Resources 149 (mars 2021) : 103867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103867.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Al-sarraf, Hayder Hasan Jaafar. « Modeling Two Phase Flow Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Aircraft ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1503935509157319.

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Abrey, Gareth Roy. « Multiple interface management and flow mobility in next generation networks ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5229.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-80).
Next Generation networks will consist of a number of different access networks interconnected to provide ubiquitous access to the global resources available on the Internet. The coverage of these access networks will also overlap, allowing users a choice of access net-works. Increasingly, mobile devices have more than one type of radio access interface built-in. In current mobile devices, a single primary radio interface performs all communications with the service provider. The availability of multiple different radio interfaces proves most beneficial if all these interfaces can connect with the service provider and carry data in collaboration or individually. This means that a control system is needed to route the correct traffic over each different interface, depending on the requirements of that traffic. Having multiple interfaces available provides the opportunity to aggregate two or more interfaces for faster transfer speeds and can provide redundancy. If one interface is expe-riencing high packet loss or no coverage an alternate interface will be available. Multiple interface schemes aim to enable traditional networks to support devices with more than one interface. This is usually achieved by introducing a new agent into the network architecture that acts as the packet redirection point. Incoming packet flows are routed to the different interfaces of the mobile device by this agent according to the traffic types of each packet flow. In this thesis an evaluation platform is developed to investigate whether the possible functionality of a multiple interfaced device provides useful traffic routing options. The evaluation platform consists of three key components evident in schemes from the literature, namely a Corresponding Node, Mobile Node and Router. The Router is emulated with a script-based routing software and configured as the packet redirection point in the evaluation platform. Four test scenarios emulate traffic travelling over two interfaces of a practical mobile node. A mid-flow handover from one interface to the other is investigated to determine that this process can be seamless under certain conditions. Dual Interface Aggregation shows good performance when the limits of each interface are not exceeded. Distinct improvement in combined packet loss of two lossy links carrying duplicate packet streams shows that two interfaces can provide a reliable link in critical situations where both interfaces have poor performance when used separately. Finally, a Bandwidth-on-Demand scenario shows that having two interfaces can allow automatic bandwidth allocation when data-rate is increased beyond the limits of one interface.
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PACELLI, PAOLA. « Evaluation of Multiple Myeloma Minimal Residual Disease by using Next Generation Flow in patients undergoing Daratumumab consolidation therapy ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1188534.

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Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a Plasma Cells (PCs) malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of pathologic PCs in the Bone Marrow (BM) and, sometimes, extra-medullary sites. Myeloma PCs secrete a monoclonal nonfunctional immunoglobulin (M protein) whose accumulation causes the typical clinical symptoms of the disease, such as hypercalcemia, renal impairment, anemia and bone lesions (i.e., CRAB criteria). In the recent years, the introduction of new drugs has improved Patients Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). For instance, Daratumumab (Dara) is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody that, binding to the overexpressed CD38 receptor on PCs, may induce death of myeloma cells via several Fc-dependent mechanisms, including Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC), Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP), and Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC), and plays an immunomodulatory effect via withdrawal of the CD38-expressing immune suppressor cells. Dara efficacy has been demonstrated in several studies, in combination with other drugs, as induction therapy or for the treatment of relapsed MM patients. However, in many cases MM patients may still relapse or develop resistance to treatment regimens, leading to the necessity of better and higher-sensitive techniques to monitor Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) and discriminate patients at risk for relapsing. In this context, Next Generation Flow (NGF) is a high-standardized and sensitive technique that, in a rapid and low-cost way, permits to monitor MM MRD and obtain a sensitivity of 10-5, necessary to define MRD negativity. Starting from December 2018, a pilot experimental study has been set up at the Hematology Unit of Policlinico Le Scotte in Siena, with the aim to evaluate Daratumumab efficacy as a consolidation therapy in 50 MM patients in Very Good Partial Response (VGPR). The MRD of the enrolled MM patients was evaluated by NGF at the time of enrollment, and then at 2 months of treatment, and every 6 months up to 2 years. The aims of my research project are: 1) to confirm that NGF is a high specific technique that permits nowadays to discriminate the MRD status of MM patients after an initial induction treatment; 2) to evaluate Daratumumab efficacy as consolidation therapy, in particular, to determine MRD negativity at time 6 months, which represent the first endpoint of the pilot study; 3) to understand Daratumumab role in controlling the disease and prolonging Overall Survival Rate and Progression-Free Survival of MM patients. A total of 47 MM patients in VGPR have been enrolled up until now. Comparing the response of 39/47 (83%) MM patients who reached the first endpoint of 6 months (mos) of Dara treatment, we observed that 12/39 (31%) achieved MRD negativity, of which 8/12 (67%) were “early responders” and could obtain MRD negative status already at 2 months of treatment, while the other 4/12 (33%) achieved MRD negativity just at 6 months. 29/47 (62%), 19/47 (40%) and 13/47 (28%) patients have been evaluated at the subsequent timepoints of 12, 18 and 24 months respectively, with 2/8 (25%) of the “early responders” patients, negative since 2 mos, persisting in MRD negative status. The high heterogeneity of response we observed needs to be correlated first of all to type of treatment received by MM patients before starting Dara, as the study confirms that undergoing at least one Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) can help patients reducing the pathogenicity of MM and achieving a deeper response with respect to patients not receiving an ASCT; cytogenetic risk correlations, instead, need a larger cohort of patients and/or comparison with other treatment regimens. Lastly, by looking at the percentage of clonal PCs vs normal PCs in those patients who maintain a MRD positive status, we observed a decrease of pathologic MM PCs during Dara treatment, and a tendency to “stabilize” with a low percentage at longer timepoints from Dara treatment, as they could be maintained under control and persist into MM patients without causing relapse. These results demonstrate that Daratumumab is effective as consolidation therapy in MM patients in VGPR, as it induces MRD negativity in some patients and could help “checkmate” pathologic plasma cells, that may persist in MRD positive patients but with a very low tumor burden. Flow MRD negativity should be followed in the next years to better clarify which is the percentage of patients who could be cured or long survivors. The persistence of residual monoclonal plasma cells may be also related to other mechanisms, correlated to immunity of myeloma patients or to the microenvironment, who may help keeping in truck the disease, since myeloma pathogenesis is strictly linked to both reduction of immunity and exploitation of BM microenvironment for the growing of tumor cells. Further future investigations may help elucidate mechanisms underlying responses to therapy in myeloma patients, especially those that are treated with monoclonal antibodies, and find a way to ameliorate remission rate and Progression Free Survival.
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Xu, Guochang. « Substance flow analysis of rare earth elements and precious metals from end-of-life vehicles including next-generation vehicles ». Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/243311.

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BACCHIARRI. « Comprehensive Evaluation of PD-L1, BCL-2 by Next-Generation Flow Analysis and FISH Abnormalities of Aberrant Plasma Cells in Patients Affected by Smoldering Multiple Myeloma ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1216215.

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Introduzione. Il mieloma multiplo fumante (SMM) occupa una posizione intermedia tra quella che viene solitamente definita una condizione premaligna, la gammapatia monoclonale a significato indeterminato (MGUS) e il mieloma multiplo sintomatico (MM). Il mieloma smoldering ha un carico di malattia maggiore rispetto alla MGUS, ma non mostra danni agli organi né i cosiddetti Myeloma Defining Events (MDE) osservati nei pazienti sintomatici. Nei pazienti affetti da SMM le plasmacellule tumorali circolanti (CTPC) sono state associate ad un aumentato rischio di progressione al mieloma multiplo (MM). Scopo dello studio. L'obiettivo è valutare mediante citometria a flusso-Next Generation Flow (NGF) le caratteristiche delle PC nel midollo osseo (BM), la presenza di CTPC, l'espressione di BCL-2 e PD-L1, correlando i risultati con l'analisi FISH per le alterazioni che configurano la cosiddetta citogenetica a rischio alto e standard [del17p, t (4; 14), gain 1q, t (11; 14), t (14; 16)]. Risultati. Da settembre 2019 a giugno 2022 abbiamo analizzato 28 pazienti (M 20; F 8) con un'età mediana di 66 anni (40-85). I pazienti sono stati monitorati secondo le attuali linee guida IMWG. Secondo il modello di rischio MAYO 5/28 erano a basso rischio, 17 a rischio intermedio e 6 ad alto rischio di progressione. Attualmente nel sangue periferico non sono state rilevate le CTPC, né allo screening né alle valutazioni successive/ultimo follow-up. I marcatori più espressi a livello midollare erano CD56 (89%), CD27 (92%), CD81 (71%), 2 marcatori erano meno espressi: CD28 (42%), CD117 (28%), CD200 (10%), CD20 (14 %), CD19 e CD45 (3,5%). CD19 era presente solo in 1 paziente di sesso femminile a rischio intermedio che è progredita in mieloma attivo, ora in trattamento, mentre CD45 è stato riscontrato in 1 paziente di sesso femminile a rischio intermedio che ha mantenuto una malattia stabile all'ultimo follow-up. La coesistenza di marcatori che di solito sono reciprocamente esclusi è stata rilevata rispettivamente in 10/28 pazienti (CD27 + CD28 +) e in 3/28 casi (CD27 + CD28 + CD81 + CD117 +). BCL-2 (MFI) era altamente espresso in 11/28 casi (mediana 13,4; ≥ 13,5 nel 33,3%) mentre PD-L1 era positivo in 7/28 casi (25%). Nessuno dei pazienti presentava caratteristiche citogenetiche ad alto rischio. All'ultimo follow-up 4/28 pazienti (2 M; 2 F) hanno avuto una progressione ad MM sintomatico: alla diagnosi 3 erano a rischio intermedio e 1 ad alto rischio, secondo il modello progressivo MAYO. La PFS è stata generalmente influenzata da FLCr (P = 0,0013). Inoltre, una percentuale più alta di plasmacitosi del midollo osseo (> 30%) può avere un impatto negativo sulla PFS con significatività statistica (P = 0,0332). La PFS è stata significativamente influenzata dall'espressione di BCL-2 (P = 0,094): nel gruppo con negatività per BCL-2 la PFS media era 61.778 rispetto alla PFS media di 90 mesi in quelli positivi. La PFS sembra essere influenzata anche dai livelli di PD-L1, anche se senza significatività statistica (P = 0,2986). I pazienti ad alto rischio MAYO sembrano avere una sopravvivenza inferiore, ma non è stata determinata una significatività statistica nelle diverse categorie (P = 0,19). La PFS non è stata influenzata statisticamente dall'entità CM e B2M. Tutti i 28 pazienti sono vivi all'ultimo follow-up. Conclusioni. L'attuale standard di cura in SMM è ancora una stretta sorveglianza clinica, al di fuori di sperimentazioni cliniche. I nostri dati necessitano di ulteriori indagini. Ciò che conferisce una tendenza positiva nella PFS nei pazienti che hanno espresso BCL-2 in eccesso deve essere ulteriormente esplorato. L'espressione diversificata dei marcatori analizzati conferma l'elevata eterogeneità e complessità anche della fase di smoldering del mieloma. Sono in corso ulteriori studi per identificare marcatori genomici, clinici, di laboratorio e/o citometrici più accurati sul PB che ci consentirebbero di assegnare il rischio individuale in modo più preciso.
Introduction. Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) occupies an intermediate position between what is usually referred to as a pre-malignant condition, monoclonal gammopathy undetermined significance (MGUS) and symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). SMM has a higher disease burden than MGUS, but does not show end-organ damage or any of the other myeloma-defining events (MDE) observed in MM. In SMM patients tumor circulating plasma cells (CTPC) have been associated with increased risk of progression to Multiple Myeloma (MM). Aim. The aim is to evaluate by next-generation flow (NGF) the characteristics of PCs in bone marrow (BM), the presence of CTPC, the expression of BCL-2 and PD-L1, correlating the results with FISH analysis for del17p, t(4;14), gain 1q, t(11;14), t(14;16). Results. From September 2019 to June, 2022 we analyzed 28 patients (M 20; F 8) with a median age of 66 years (40-85). Patients were monitored according to current IMWG guidelines. According to MAYO risk model 5 were at low risk, 17 at intermediate and 6 at high risk of progression. Currently CPCs were not detected at screening, or at subsequent evaluations/last follow up. The most expressed markers were CD56 (89 %), CD27 (92 %), CD81 (71 %), 2 markers were less expressed: CD28 (42 %), CD117 (28 %), CD200 (10 %), CD20 (14 %), CD19 and CD45 (3,5%). CD19 was present in only 1 female patient at intermediate risk who progressed to active myeloma, now under treatment, while CD45 was found in 1 female patient at intermediate risk who maintained a stable disease at last follow-up. Coexistence of markers that are mutually excluded was detected in 10/28 patients (CD27+CD28+) and in 3/28 cases (CD27+CD28+CD81+CD117+) respectively. BCL-2 (MFI) was highly expressed in 11/28 cases (Median 13,4; ≥ 13,5 in 33.3%) while PD-L1 was positive in 7/28 cases (25%). None of the patients had high risk cytogenetic features. At last follow up 4/28 patients (2 M; 2 F) had a progression to multiple myeloma: at diagnosis 3 were at intermediate risk and 1 at high risk, according MAYO progressive model. PFS was in general affected by FLCr (P= 0,0013). Also, an higher percentage of bone marrow plasmacytosis (>30%) can negatively impact on PFS with statistical significance (P = 0,0332). PFS was significantly affected by the expression of BCL-2 (P= 0,094): in the group with BCL-2 negativity mean PFS was 61,778 vs the mean PFS of 90 months in those who were positive. PFS seems to be affected also by PD-L1 levels, even if without statistical significance (P= 0,2986). Patients at high MAYO risk seem to have an inferior survival, but a statistical significance in the different categories was not determined (P= 0,19). PFS was not statistically affected by CM entity and B2M. All 28 patients are alive at last follow up. Conclusions. Current standard of care in SMM is still close surveillance, outside of a clinical trial. Our data need further investigations. What confers a positive trend in PFS in the patients that over expressed BCL-2 needs to be further explored. The diversified expression of analyzed markers confirms the high heterogeneity and complexity of the smoldering phase in MM. Research identifying more accurate genomic, clinical, laboratory and/or cytometric markers on PB that would enable us to assign individual risk more precisely is ongoing.
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Almeziny, Mohammed A. N. « Performance of two different types of inhalers. Influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4299.

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This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use. In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and COPD patient¿s care. Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol, budesonide and beclomethasone. In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide which are pharmacologically active. In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and 60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically significant. Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients. However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug. The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids. Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination.
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Almeziny, Mohammed Abdullah N. « Performance of two different types of inhalers : influence of flow and spacer on emitted dose and aerodynamic characterisation ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4299.

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This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use. In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and COPD patient's care. Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol, budesonide and beclomethasone. In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide which are pharmacologically active. In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and 60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically significant. Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients. However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug. The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids. Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination.
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Mosiane, Segomotso. « Antecedents to the effectiveness of game-based learning environments for the Net generation : A game task fit and flow perspective ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25408.

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Purpose: There is a general consensus that games are effective as learning tools. There is however, a lack of knowledge regarding what makes games effective as a learning tool. The purpose of this study is therefore to answer the question: what are the antecedents of an effective game-based learning environment for the Net generation? The Net generation comprises individuals who prefer to learn using games as a tool. Aim: The aim of this dissertation is to develop a conceptual framework that reflects the antecedents of an effective game-based learning environment for the Net generation. The conceptual framework combines the IS Success Model, and the Task-Technology Fit and Flow theory. Method: The study used a quantitative method. Data was collected using an online instrument. The study used 125 participants from mainly the United Kingdom, United States and South Africa. The model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis and tested using multiple regression analysis. Key Findings: The identified antecedents of effectiveness are Game-Task Fit and Flow, where Flow consists of Clear Goals, Feedback and Concentration. Additionally, the Use factor in the model is replaced by Perceived Usefulness. The Conceptual Framework can be used as an evaluation tool for effective game-based learning environments for the Net generation.
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Jonqueres, Jean-marie. « Génération de routage contraint en courant pour les applications analogiques forts courants ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4768/document.

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Avec les avancées technologiques et la miniaturisation, le réseau d'interconnexions est devenu de plus en plus dense et complexe. Pour les domaines qui utilisent des applications à forts courants, comme l'automobile, les très fortes densités de courant dans les lignes métalliques peuvent conduire à des phénomènes comme l'électromigration, le voltage drop ou encore les surcharges électriques. La conception des circuits doit donc être réalisée en prenant en compte ces contraintes et en adaptant la largeur des lignes aux courants. Ce travail de thèse a eu comme objectif de développer des solutions pour la prise en compte des contraintes en courant lors de la phase de routage de blocs analogiques fort courants. Après une présentation des phénomènes impliqués et de l'état de l'art, une approche algorithmique pour l'aide au routage est introduite. Une méthode de caractérisation du courant est définie, un algorithme exhaustif de routage est présenté, puis utilisé pour effectuer des recherches de critères d'une bonne topologie. Deux algorithmes sont ensuite étudiés et comparés, un algorithme glouton, servant de référence, et un « Divide & Conquer » original. Il présente une amélioration d'environ 10% pour l'aire, et presque 27% en temps CPU par rapport à l'algorithme glouton. La section suivante s'intéresse à la correction du current crowding, avec une méthode basée sur un ensemble de modèles mathématiques. Enfin, un flot basé sur les solutions développées durant la thèse est présenté et validé
In deep submicron VLSI circuits, excessive current density in interconnects is a major concern for analog high current application. If current over maximum density is not effectively mitigated, this can lead to phenomena like electromigration, voltage drop and electrical overload. It is a hot topic of interest in modern circuits due to the decrease of metal track sizes while high currents are necessary in automotive or mobile applications. This thesis had as goal to develop solutions for the consideration of the constraints in the current phase of routing analog blocks strong currents. After a presentation of the phenomena and the state of the art, an algorithmic approach to current driven net generation is introduced. A method to characterize the current is defined. Then an exhaustive routing algorithm is presented and used to search criteria for a good topology. Next, two algorithms are studied and compared, first a greedy algorithm, used as a reference, and a "Divide & Conquer" original algorithm. It shows results improved on average by about 10% for area and almost 27% for CPU time compared with existing solution. The next section focuses on current crowding correction, with a method based on a set of mathematical models. Finally, a conception flow based on the developed solutions is introduced and validated
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AlGhadhban, Amer M. « Paving the Way for Next Generation Wireless Data Center Networks ». Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/652891.

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Data Centers (DCs) have become an intrinsic element of emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud services; all of which entails interconnected and sophisticated computing and storage resources. Recent studies of conventional data center networks (DCNs) revealed two key challenges: a biased distribution of inter-rack traffic and unidentified flow classes: delay sensitive mice flows (MFs) and throughput-hungry elephant flows (EFs). Unfortunately, existing DCN topologies support only uniform distribution of capacities, provide limited bandwidth flexibilities and lacks of efficient flow classification mechanism. Fortunately, wireless DCs can leverage wireless communication emerging technologies, such as multi-terabit free-space optic (FSO), to provide flexible and reconfigurable DCN topologies. It is worth noting that indoor FSO links are less vulnerable to outdoor FSO channel impairments. Consequently, indoor FSO links are more robust and can offer high bandwidths with long stability, which can further be enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) methods. In this thesis, we alleviate the bandwidth inefficiency by FSO links that have the desired agility by allocating the transmission powers to adapt link capacity for dynamically changing traffic conditions, and to reduce the maintenance costs and overhead. While routing the two classes along the same path causes unpleasant consequences, the DC researchers proposed traffic management solutions to treat them separately. However, the solutions either suffer from packet reordering and high queuing delay, or lack of accurate visibility and estimation on end-to-end path status. Alternatively, we leverage WDM to design elastic network topologies (i.e., part of the wavelengths are assigned to route MFs and the remaining for EFs). Since bandwidth demands can be lower than available capacity of WDM channels, we use traffic grooming to aggregate multiple flows into a larger flow and to enhance the link utilization. On the other hand, to reap the benefits of the proposed WDM isolated topology, an accurate and fast EF detection mechanism is necessary. Accordingly, we propose a scheme that uses TCP communication behavior and collect indicative packets for its flow classification algorithm, it demonstrates perfect flow classification accuracy, and is in order of magnitudes faster than existing solutions with low communication and computation overhead.
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Livres sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Vaidyanathan, Sankaran, Stone Christopher et NASA Glenn Research Center, dir. Subgrid combustion modeling for the next generation national combustion code. [Cleveland, Ohio] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Vaidyanathan, Sankaran, Stone Christopher et NASA Glenn Research Center, dir. Subgrid combustion modeling for the next generation national combustion code. [Cleveland, Ohio] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Linear and non-linear video and TV applications using IPv6 and IPv6 multicast : Deploying the infrastructure to deliver evolving next-generation TV and video services. Hoboken, N.J : Wiley, 2012.

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Bejan, Adrian, et Giuseppe Grazzini, dir. Shape and Thermodynamics. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-836-9.

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Shape and Thermodynamics is a two-day international Workshop focused on the Constructal Theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering. From the early developments related to tree configurations for the cooling of electronics, today Constructal theory is being applied to conceptual design of transportation net-works, river basins, living bodies, building materials and many other flow systems. Constructal theory is also enriching thermo-dynamics, from basic theory to design and optimization. This theory approaches design "as science", with the generation of configuration regarded as a phenomenon of all physics, based on principle (the Constructal law). For example, Constructal Theory contributes to the evolution of fuel cells, in the design of cooling channels, the optimal feeding of reactants, etc. Important applications are also found in the design of heat exchangers, district heating networks, etc. The growing scientific literature on Constructal Theory has an important Italian component, although further dissemination is timely. Moreover, the relation with other thermodynamic research areas deserves to be explored. Website: Shape and Thermodinamics
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Volume Profile, Market Profile, Order Flow : Next Generation of Daytrading. Independently Published, 2020.

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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger et Eric Coissac. DNA sequencing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0007.

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The emergence of eDNA analysis is tightly linked to the development of next-generation sequencing. Chapter 7 “DNA sequencing” gives an overview of the characteristics and limitations of the main next-generation sequencing platforms. It focuses particularly on the Illumina platform, which is the only technology currently suitable for large-scale analysis with hundreds to thousands of samples. More specifically, Chapter 7 describes the Illumina library preparation process, the generation of sequencing clusters by bridge PCR on the flow cell, and the sequencing reaction itself, based on sequencing by synthesis. Finally, detailed information is provided on the meaning and coding of quality scores of the sequencing reads.
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Boydstun, Amber E., et Annelise Russell. From Crisis to Stasis : Media Dynamics and Issue Attention in the News. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.56.

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Media coverage does not ebb and flow. Rather, media coverage rapidly moves from crisis to stasis and back again. The result of these attention dynamics is news reporting that is disproportional to the breadth and pace of policy problems in the world, where some balloon in the news beyond expectations and others fade quickly (or never make the news at all). These patterns of news coverage result from the powerful role that momentum plays in the news-generation process. Forces of positive feedback drive news outlets to chase each new hot story quickly, while negative feedback forces drive news outlets to stay locked onto a hot story at hand. Together, these forces drive news coverage to lurch and fixate, lurch and fixate, again and again. Thus, although previous research has conceived of the news-generation process functioning either as a “patrol” system (where news outlets act as sentinels, tracking each policy problem as it unfolds in the world) or as an “alarm” system (where news outlets move in quick bursts from one policy problem to the next, with little to no in-depth coverage), both these previous models tell only half the story. Rather, the news-generation process is best understood through the alarm/patrol hybrid model, where news outlets often lurch from one hot item to the next but sometimes become entrenched in an unfolding storyline. The alarm/patrol hybrid model helps explain the particular phenomenon of “media storms” that can occur, where a sudden surge in media attention can vault a previously ignored issue into the center of public and political attention; think of the Catholic priest abuse scandal, or the scene in Ferguson, Missouri, after Michael Brown’s death. The lurching/fixating dynamics of media attention have far-ranging implications for citizen information and political response, contributing to a wider system of disproportionate information processing where some topics are attended to and others are largely ignored. In particular, because policymakers take so many of their cues from the news, it is likely the case that the lurching/fixating patterns of our media system exacerbate the punctuated patterns of government in turn.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Velan, Petr, et Pavel Čeleda. « Next Generation Application-Aware Flow Monitoring ». Dans Monitoring and Securing Virtualized Networks and Services, 173–78. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43862-6_20.

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Siradjev, Djakhongir, JeongKi Park, Taesang Choi, Joonkyung Lee, BongDae Choi et Young-Tak Kim. « 10Gbps Scalable Flow Generation and Per-flow Control with Hierarchical Flow Aggregation & ; Decomposition Using IXP2800 Network Processors ». Dans Managing Next Generation Networks and Services, 405–14. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75476-3_41.

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Penny, Alan. « Aspects of Data Flow for an Edison-Type Observatory ». Dans Next Generation Infrared Space Observatory, 241–46. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2680-9_18.

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Chaurasia, Rahul, Anirban Sengupta et Prasad Pradeeprao Kanhegaonkar. « Secured Integrated Circuit (IC/IP) Design Flow ». Dans Nanoelectronics for Next-Generation Integrated Circuits, 257–74. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155751-14.

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Tisone, Thomas C., et Brendan O’Farrell. « Manufacturing the Next Generation of Highly Sensitive and Reproducible Lateral Flow Immunoassay ». Dans Lateral Flow Immunoassay, 1–26. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-240-3_8.

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Galtsev, Aleksey A., et Andrei M. Sukhov. « Network Attack Detection at Flow Level ». Dans Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, 326–34. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22875-9_30.

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Jankar, B., et B. Rajkumarsingh. « Signal Distortion Identification Using Rough Flow Graphs ». Dans Smart and Sustainable Engineering for Next Generation Applications, 168–79. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18240-3_16.

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He, J. J., et D. Simeonidou. « On the Performance of Optical Flow Routers Employing Wavelength Conversion ». Dans Next Generation Optical Network Design and Modelling, 213–29. New York, NY : Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35670-9_14.

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Bossi, A., G. Hoffmann et J. Shi. « Optimization of next generation high flow gasoline direct injection ». Dans Proceedings, 251–69. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23181-1_13.

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Cheah, Lynette, Fang Zhao, Monique Stinson, Fangping Lu, Jing Ding-Mastera, Vittorio Marzano et Moshe Ben-Akiva. « Next-Generation Commodity Flow Survey : A Pilot in Singapore ». Dans City Logistics 2, 117–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119425526.ch7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Couto, Andre, Antonio Nogueira, Paulo Salvador et Rui Valadas. « Identification of Peer-to-Peer Applications' Flow Patterns ». Dans 2008 Next Generation internet Networks (NGI) - 4th Euro-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2008.46.

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Domzal, Jerzy, et Andrzej Jajszczyk. « The Flushing Mechanism for MBAC in Flow-Aware Networks ». Dans 2008 Next Generation internet Networks (NGI) - 4th Euro-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2008.17.

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Tomoskozi, Mate, Frank H. P. Fitzek et Peter Ekler. « Toward the Next Generation of Flow Compression ». Dans 2019 IEEE 20th International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wowmom.2019.8793046.

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Ferragut, Andres, Daniel Kofman, Federico Larroca et Sara Oueslati. « Design and Analysis of Flow Aware Load Balancing Mechanisms for Multi-Service Networks ». Dans 2008 Next Generation internet Networks (NGI) - 4th Euro-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2008.18.

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Beale, Daniel F., et James P. Shiely. « Etch modeling in RET synthesis and verification flow ». Dans Photomask and Next Generation Lithography Mask Technology XII, sous la direction de Masanori Komuro. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.617143.

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Liu, Fei, et William S. Oates. « Piezohydraulic Actuation for Next Generation Microjet Flow Control ». Dans ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-415.

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This paper describes the development of a new piezohydraulic actuator for integration into a microjet flow control device. The actuator utilizes a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stack actuator and a hydraulic amplification design to achieve relatively large displacements required to control flow through a microjet. Displacement amplification of 81 times the stack actuator displacement was achieved using a dual-diaphragm design that seals the fluid within the device. The nonlinear field-coupled structural dynamics and fluid behavior of the actuator is predicted using a system dynamic model and compared with experimental results. It is shown that minor loop hysteresis of the piezoelectric stack actuator and nonlinear deformation of the diaphragm play an important role in the piezohydraulic displacement amplification.
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Pu, Jian, et Mounir Hamdi. « New Flow Control Paradigm for Next Generation Networks ». Dans 2006 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sarnof.2006.4534801.

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Cheng, Yen-Shih, Feng-Jiun Kuo, Hsiao-Jou Lin, Min-Song Lin, Shao-Wen Chen, Jin-Der Lee, Jong-Rong Wang, Chunkuan Shih et Bau-Shei Pei. « Feasibility study for dispersed bubbly flow and other flow patterns spectrum boundary by probability density function ». Dans 2018 7th International Symposium on Next Generation Electronics (ISNE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isne.2018.8394731.

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Sweis, Jason, Wolf Staud, Bob Naber, Tom Laidig et Doug Van Denbroeke. « Unifying the RET design flow with portable modeling information ». Dans Photomask and Next Generation Lithography Mask Technology XIII, sous la direction de Morihisa Hoga. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.681812.

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Bloecker, Martin, et Gerd Ballhorn. « Design flow automation for variable-shaped beam pattern generators ». Dans Photomask and Next Generation Lithography Mask Technology IX, sous la direction de Hiroichi Kawahira. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.476937.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Next Generation Flow"

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Cem Sarica et Holden Zhang. Development of Next Generation Multiphase Pipe Flow Prediction Tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890704.

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Cem Sarica et Holden Zhang. Development of Next Generation Multiphase Pipe Flow Prediction Tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898057.

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Tulsa Fluid Flow. Development of Next Generation Multiphase Pipe Flow Prediction Tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940760.

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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up : Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, novembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.

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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler et Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.

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There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
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Michel, Bob, et Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa : Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority of bilateral tax treaties currently in force. Exclusive residence state taxation of shipping profits is problematic when the size of mercantile fleets and shipping flows between two states are of unequal size. This is often the case in relations between a developed and developing country. The latter often lack a substantial domestic mercantile fleet, but serve as an important revenue-generating port state for the fleet of the developed country. To come to a more balanced allocation of taxing rights in such a case, a source taxation alternative has been inserted in UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). From its inception, Article 8B has been labelled impractical due to the lack of guidance on core issues, like sourcing rules and profit allocation. This gap is said to explain the low adoption rate of Article 8B in global tax treaty practice. In reality, tax treaty practice regarding Article 8B is heavily concentrated and flourishing in a handful of countries in South/South-East Asia – Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. All these countries subject non-resident shipping income to tax in their domestic income tax laws. Except for India, all countries are able to exercise these domestic tax law rules in relation to shipping enterprises located in the biggest shipowner states, either because they have a treaty in place that provides for source taxation or because there is no treaty at all and thus no restriction of domestic law. None of the relevant tax treaties contain a provision that incorporates the exact wording of Article 8B of the UN Model. If other countries, like coastal countries in sub-Saharan Africa, are looking to implement source taxation of maritime shipping income in the future, they are advised to draw on the South/South-East Asian experience. Best practice can be distilled regarding sourcing rule, source tax limitation, profit attribution and method of taxation (on gross or net basis). In addition to technical guidance on tax, the South/South-East Asian experience also provides important general policy considerations countries should take into account when determining whether source taxation of maritime shipping profits is an appropriate target for their future tax treaty negotiations.
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Aerodynamic Development of the GAC ENO.146 Concept. SAE International, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5093.

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This paper describes the aerodynamic development process and features of the flow field of the GAC ENO.146, a concept vehicle shown in Guangzhou Auto Show 2019, which achieved a CD of 0.146. Key factors in the design process, including how design decisions are made and how the interactions occur between aerodynamicists and designers are explained in detail. The design language forms the next generation of BEVs. The aerodynamic development philosophy is guided by three principles: minimizing flow separation, maximizing rear pressure recovery, and controlling tire wake. This vehicle took full advantage of the unique 2-1-2-1 seating configuration that allowed a tapered tail design with a narrower rear track to further minimize the size of the rear recirculation zone, improving rear pressure recovery. In order to reduce induced drag, detailed studies on roofline and diffuser angles were conducted to develop the optimal combination, eliminating any loss of flow momentum. The diffuser design also served to eliminate flow separation caused by the rear wheels. In addition to that, active aerodynamic devices were employed to reduce interaction between freestream and wheelhouse air. A comparison was also made between ENO.146 and Aion S, a GAC production EV to illustrate future development potentials. Through the development of ENO.146, the aerodynamic development process of ENO.146 serves as a template for future projects, providing expertise and best practices of aerodynamic development for both engineers and designers.
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