Articles de revues : « New York (N.Y.) – History – 20th century »

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Klikauer, Thomas, Norman Simms, Marcus Colla, Nicolas Wittstock, Matthew Specter, Kate R. Stanton, John Bendix et Bernd Schaefer. « Book Reviews ». German Politics and Society 40, n^o 1 (1 mars 2022) : 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2022.400106.

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Heinrich Detering, Was heißt hier “wir”? Zur Rhetorik der parlamentarischen Rechten (Dietzingen: Reclam Press, 2019).Clare Copley, Nazi Buildings: Cold War Traces and Governmentality in Post-Unification Berlin (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020).Tobias Schulze-Cleven and Sidney A. Rothstein, eds., Imbalance: Germany’s Political Economy after the Social Democratic Century (Abingdon: Routledge, 2021).Benedikt Schoenborn, Reconciliation Road: Willy Brandt, Ostpolitik and the Quest for European Peace (New York: Berghahn Books, 2020).Tiffany N. Florvil, Mobilizing Black Germany: Afro-German Women and the Making of a Transnational Movement (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2020).Ingo Cornils, Beyond Tomorrow: German Science Fiction and Utopian Thought in the 20th and 21st Centuries (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2020).Christian F. Ostermann, Between Containment and Rollback: The United States and the Cold War in Germany (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021).

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Pérez Burgueño, Jorge. « Análisis cuantitativo de los diarios de pioneros durante las migraciones al Oeste americano (1840-1860). Una propuesta metodológica ». Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n^o 12 (28 juin 2023) : 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2023.12.21.

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RESUMENEntre las muchas fuentes documentales que el historiador tiene a su disposición para abordar sus estudios, el diario personal se presenta, quizás, como una de las más interesantes. Este tipo de materiales no solo permiten conocer algo mejor los pensamientos y emociones de sus propios autores, sino también determinadas facetas del momento histórico en el que se concibieron, de ahí que su contenido resulte fundamental a la hora de comprender un fenómeno migratorio tan peculiar como el que tuvo lugar en el Oeste americano durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix.Partiendo de las propuestas de Ralph K. White y de John Mack Faragher, este artículo presenta una readaptación del Value analysis, proponiendo una selección de 65 valores y 7 grupos temáticos, que se han utilizado para determinar cuáles eran los principales intereses y preocupaciones de los pioneros estadounidenses, a partir del estudio de catorce diarios de la época. Palabras clave: historia cuantitativa, Oeste americano, migraciones, diarios de viaje, Overland TrailTopónimo: Estados UnidosPeríodo: siglo xix ABSTRACT Among the many documentary sources historians have at their disposal when dealing with studies, the personal diary is perhaps one of the most interesting ones. This type of material not only allows us to know a little better the thoughts and emotions of their own authors but also certain aspects of the historical moment in which they were conceived, therefore its content is fundamental when it comes to understand a migration phenomenon as unique as the one that took place in the American West during the second half of the nineteenth century.Based on the proposals of Ralph K. White and John Mack Faragher, this article presents a readaptation of ‘Value analysis’ proposing a selection of 65 values and 7 thematic groups which have been used to determine the main interests and concerns of the American pioneers revising for this purpose fourteen diaries of that time. Keywords: quantitative history, American West, migrations, overland diaries, Overland TrailPlace names: United StatesPeriod: 19th century REFERENCIASBillington, R. A. y Ridge, M. (2001): Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press.Brown, D. (2004): The American West, Londres, Simon Schuster UK.Carter, R. W. (1995): “When I Hear the Winds Sigh”: Mortality on the Overland Trail, California History, vol. 74, nº. 2, pp. 146-161.Clark, D. H. (1953): “Remember the Winter of...? Weather and Pioneers”, Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 54, nº. 2, pp. 140-148.Cutlip, S. M. (1995): Public Relations History: From the 17th to the 20th Century. The Antecedents, Nueva York, Routledge. Dippie, B. W. (1991): “American Wests: Historiographical Perspectives” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 112-138. Etulain, R. W. (2002): “Introduction: The Rise of Western Historiography” en Etulain, R. W. (ed.), Writing Western History, Reno, University of Nevada Press, pp. 1-16.Faragher, J. M. (1979): Women and Men on the Overland Trail, New Haven, Yale University Press.Farber, B. (1957): “An Index of Marital Integration”, Sociometry, Núm. 20, pp. 117-139.Hine, R. V. y Faragher, J. M. (2000): The American West: A new interpretative history, Connecticut, Yale University Press.Hoagkand, A. K. (2004): Army Architecture in the West: Forts Laramie, Bridger, and D. A. Russell (1849-1912), Norman, University of Oklahoma Press.Holmes, K. L. (1995): Covered Wagon Women: Diaries Letters from the Western Trails Vol. 1, 1840-1849, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press.— (1996): Covered Wagon Women: Diaries Letters from the Western Trails, vol. 2, 1850, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1996.Jiménez, A. (2001): “La Historia como fabricación del pasado: la frontera del Oeste o American West”, Anuario de estudios americanos, vol. 58, nº. 2, pp. 737-755.Lamar, H. R. (1978): “Rites of Passage: Young Men and Their Families in the Overland Trail Experience, 1843-69” en Alexander, G. T. (ed.), Soul-Butter and Hog Wash and Other Essays on the American West, Provo, Brigham Young University Press, pp. 33-67.Lavender, D. (1963): Westward Vision: The Story of the Oregon Trail, Lincoln, McGraw-Hill.Levinson, D. J. (1977): “The mid-life transition: a period in adult psychosocial development”, Psychiatry, nº. 40, pp. 99-112.Limerick, P. N. (1991): “What on Earth is the New Western History?” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 81-88.McCurdy, S. A. (1994): “Epidemiology of disaster: The Donner Party (1846-1847)”, Western Journal of Medicine, vol. 160, nº. 4, pp. 338-342.Ponsonby, A. (1923): English diaries; a review of English diaries from the sixteenth to the twentieth century with an introd. on diary writing, Londres, Methuen Co.Rokeach, M. (1973): The Nature of Human Values, Nueva York, Free Press.Schlissel, L. (1982): Women’s Diaries of the Westward Journey, Nueva York, Schocken Books.Smith, H. N. (1950): Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Harvard University Press.Thompson, G. (1991): “Another look at Frontier / Western Historiography” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 89-96.Turner, F. J. (1920): The Frontier in American History, Nueva York, Henry Holt and Company.Unruh, J. D. (1982): The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West (1840-60), Urbana, University of Illinois Press.Vandenbroucke, G. (2008): “The U.S. Westward Expansion”, International Economic Review, Vol. 49. Núm. 1, pp. 81-110.Webb, W. P. (1931): The Great Plains, Boston, Ginn and Company.White, R. K. (1944): “Value Analysis: A Quantitative Method for Describing Qualitative Data”, Journal of Social Psychology, Núm. 19, pp. 351-358.

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Vassilev, Simeon. « Randy Harris’ Linguistic Shakespeareanism The linguistic war for Chomsky's theoretical cloud ». Rhetoric and Communications, n^o 53 (31 octobre 2022) : 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/xwha2957.

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“Randy Harris has done a remarkable service to the intellectual world.” This is one of many positive reviews of Prof. Harris's work. Randy Allen Harris’ [1] Linguistic Wars. The book appeared in 1993 and even then challenged the academic world and theoretical linguistics, more precisely one of its branches, Noam Chomsky's generative grammar of the second half of the last century, which is an attempt to explain the concept of “human language”. “Randy Harris’ Linguistic Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle for Deep Structure [2] has been given new life with its updated 2021 edition. [3] It not only greatly expands our knowledge of language, it challenges all those interested in academic battles over knowledge, offered to us by some of the greatest minds in linguistics - the most influential American linguist and cognitive researcher Noam Chomsky and his talented colleagues and PhD students with whom he later diverged and entered into acrimonious controversy - George Lakoff [4], James McCauley [5], Paul Postal [6] and John Robert Ross. [7] They attempted to undermine his thesis of “deep structure” and did not accept the magister dixit principle. [8] They called themselves the “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” [9] In contrast to Chomsky and his theory, known as “standard” [10] or “universal grammar,” Lakoff and his colleagues put the emphasis on semantics and created a very influential current that caused a furor as generative semantics. They were convinced that the meaning of words should be considered abstractly, at the semantic level, rather than at the syntactic level. Their hypothesis was later called “generative semantics”, which also attracted many linguists from Europe. It gave rise to alternative cognitive linguistics, which links the understanding of language to the concepts of cognitive psychology. The language wars actually began in 1967 and raged through the 1970s. At the heart of the heated debate is the answer to the question of how to approach the relationship between syntax and semantics. It is remarkable how Randy Harris achieves his main goal of introducing the complex matter of trans¬formational grammar [11] to a general readership with incredible ease. The histories of several prominent linguists and the controversies in American theoretical linguistics are presented in a way that makes the book accessible not only to professionally burdened linguists and specialists in communication and rhetoric. It goes far beyond the academic corset of the scholarly community and turns this complex subject of the relationship between semantics and syntax into a fascinating account of the intellectual and academic debates, theories, and concepts that not only shook the scholarly community in the second half of the last century, but also had a profound impact on contemporary linguistics at the turn of the 21st century. This book details the development of some of the theories and their characteristics that have influenced contemporary theories of language. Randy Harris's book has one undoubted and very important quality. It is written in a very engaging style that allows even those with no particular background in linguistics to gain an insight into the most important linguistic theories with an accurate analysis of the influence and legacy of the charismatic Noam Chomsky, who was ultimately the victor in the so-called linguistic wars. His terms “deep structure” and “surface structure” [12] are part of the toolkit of the great scientific adventure in the study of human cognitive abilities. Chomsky is convinced that syntactic structures are not learned, but “mastered”. His main conclusion is that “grammar is autonomous and independent of meaning.” [13] Chomsky's monograph Syntactic Structures is one of the most significant studies of the 20th century. Years later, in 2015, a team of neuroscientists at New York University exclaimed, “Chomsky was right: We do have a “grammar” in our head.” [14] “Language is the strangest and most powerful thing that ever existed on this planet. All other, more mundane and less powerful things, like nuclear weapons, quantum computers, and antibiotics, would be literally unthinkable without language” [15], writes Randy Harris. In fact, his book is not just about the history of battles in the field of theoretical linguistics or how certain theories evolved. It is above all a clever and exciting account of the way we think. In places, Randy Harris demonstrates a subtle sense of humor about the “har¬monious” scientific community that makes the book very appealing. The implications of the bitter linguistic disputes over theories and their alternatives in the 1960s and 1970s continue to influence us today. They brought much new knowledge to the field, and Harris's book is proof of the evolution of the theories. The intellectual argument between scholars enjoying their theories changed approaches, rethought theories of syntax and semantics, became the occasion for new ideas, and the cause of theoretical fame for teacher and students. Randy Harris’s fascinating and highly erudite account of the language wars is a book not only about history but also about the future of history, about trends in the understanding of language and knowledge, and about revolu¬tionizing linguistic research. It goes far beyond an inventive and remarkably balanced scholarly chronicle, and makes an undeniable contribution to linguistic and communication studies. The book offers an original analysis of language and thought, of the beauty of deep structure, of generative semantics, of ethos and collapse, of the vicissitudes of linguistic warfare, and of the transition from the linguistics of the 20th century to that of the 21st. It is no coincidence that the ninth chapter of the new edition of the book is entitled Linguistics of the 21st Century. Harris aptly quotes Shakespeare and the dialogue in which Hamlet tells Polonius that a cloud resembles a camel, and then convinces him that it is a weasel and even a whale. [16] To Harris, language is too complex to reveal its secrets in one fell swoop to a linguist, “hawk” though he may be. [17] “I wouldn’t bet against Chomsky,” Harris writes with a certain firmness, and casually conjures the reader’s association with Chomsky’s theoretical cloud war, in which he, like Hamlet, is not just an angel surrounded by devils. The philosophy implicit in Hamlet’s fateful question of “to be or not to be” shines through in the dramatic history of linguistics and its wars described by Randy Harris. And this is one of the many reasons for one of the most accurate characterizations of his book that we can read in Science, the scholarly journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Back in 1994, it called the first edition “intellectual history crossed with Shakespearean history play.” [18] Its updated and expanded edition, nearly thirty years later, is a truly remarkable service to the intellectual world and yet another endorsement of Randy Harris’s linguistic Shakespeare¬anism. References and Notes [1] Prof. Randy Allen Harris teaches linguistics, rhetoric, and professional writing in the English department at the University of Waterloo, and researches a smattering of things mostly around the cognitive and computational aspects of rhetorical figures. [2] Harris, Randy Allen, The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure, 2nd ed. (New York, 2021; online ed., Oxford Academic, 18 Nov. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199740338.001.0001, 2022. [3] Harris, Randy Allen, The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure, 2nd edn (New York, 2021; online ed., Oxford Academic, 18 Nov. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199740338.001.0001, accessed 3 Aug. 2022. [4] Lakoff, G. (1968). Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure. Foundations of Language, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 4–29. [5] McCawley, J. D. (1976). Notes from the Linguistic Underground. Print version: Notes from the Linguistic Underground. Leiden Boston: BRILL, 1976 9789004368538. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004368859. [6] Postal, P. M. (1972). The best theory. In S. Peters (Ed.), Goals of linguistic theory. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. [7] Ross, J. R. (1972). Doubl-ing. In J. Kimball (Ed.), Syntax and semantics. (Vol. 1, pp. 157–186). New York: Seminar Press. [8] Това каза учителят (позоваване на безспорен авторитет). [This is what the teacher said (reference to unquestioned authority).] [9] Според Християнската есхатология тези четири конника на Апокалипсиса са предвестници на Страшния съд. [According to Christian eschatology, these four horsemen of the Apocalypse are harbingers of the Last Judgment.] [10] See. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. London: Mouton. [11] Early versions of Chomsky's theory can be called transformative grammar, and this term is still used as a collective term to include his subsequent theories. The theory is also known as transformational-generative grammar. [12] Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton. [13] Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton. [14] Chomsky Was Right, NYU Researchers Find: We Do Have a “Grammar” in Our Head. 07.12.2015. NYU. https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2015/ december/chomsky-was-right-nyu-researchers-find-we-do-have-a-grammar-in-our-head.html. Retrieved on 16.08.2022. [15] Harris, R. A. (2021). The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure, 2nd ed. (New York, 2021; online ed., Oxford Academic, 18 Nov. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199740338.001.0001, accessed 3 Aug. 2022., 1. [16] Harris, R. A. (2021). The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford Academic, 363. [17] Harris, R. A. (2021). The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford Academic, 363. [18] Berreby, D. (1994). Linguistics Wars. The Sciences, Vol. 34, Issue 1, January-February 1994. Bibliography Berreby, D. (1994). Linguistics Wars. The Sciences, 34(1). Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton. Harris, R. A. (2021). The Linguistics Wars: Chomsky, Lakoff, and the Battle over Deep Structure (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford Academic. doi:https://doi.org/10. 1093/oso/9780199740338.001.0001. Lakoff, G. (1968). Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure. Founda¬tions of Language, 4(1), 4–29. McCawley, J. D. (1976). Notes from the Linguistic Underground. New York: Academic Press. Postal, P. M. (1972). The best theory. In Goals of linguistic theory. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs N.J. Prentice-Hall. Ross, J. R. (1972). Doubl-ing. Syntax and semantics, 1, 157–186. Shakespeare, W. (1998). (V. Petrov, transl.) Sofia: Zachary Stoyanov.

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KITLV, Redactie. « Book Reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 60, n^o 1-2 (1 janvier 1986) : 55–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002066.

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-John Parker, Norman J.W. Thrower, Sir Francis Drake and the famous voyage, 1577-1580. Los Angeles: University of California Press, Contributions of the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Vol. 11, 1984. xix + 214 pp.-Franklin W. Knight, B.W. Higman, Trade, government and society in Caribbean history 1700-1920. Kingston: Heinemann Educational Books, 1983. xii + 172 pp.-A.J.R. Russel-Wood, Lyle N. McAlister, Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion Volume III, 1984. xxxi + 585 pp.-Tony Martin, John Gaffar la Guerre, The social and political thought of the colonial intelligentsia. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1982. 136 pp.-Egenek K. Galbraith, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship ideology and practice in Latin America. Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. 341 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, James Pack, Nelson's blood: the story of naval rum. Annapolis MD, U.S.A.: Naval Institute Press and Havant Hampshire, U.K.: Kenneth Mason, 1982. 200 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, Hugh Barty-King ,Rum: yesterday and today. London: William Heineman, 1983. xviii + 264 pp., Anton Massel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Alejandro Portes ,Latin journey: Cuban and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xxi + 387 pp., Robert L. Bach (eds)-Wayne S. Smith, Carlos Franqui, Family portrait wth Fidel: a memoir. New York: Random House, 1984. xxiii + 263 pp.-Sergio G. Roca, Claes Brundenius, Revolutionary Cuba: the challenge of economic growth with equity. Boulder CO: Westview Press and London: Heinemann, 1984. xvi + 224 pp.-H. Hoetink, Bernardo Vega, La migración española de 1939 y los inicios del marxismo-leninismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1984. 208 pp.-Antonio T. Díaz-Royo, César Andreú-Iglesias, Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: a contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York. Translated by Juan Flores. New York and London: Monthly Review, 1984. xix + 243 pp.-Mariano Negrón-Portillo, Harold J. Lidin, History of the Puerto Rican independence movement: 20th century. Maplewood NJ; Waterfront Press, 1983. 250 pp.-Roberto DaMatta, Teodore Vidal, Las caretas de cartón del Carnaval de Ponce. San Juan: Ediciones Alba, 1983. 107 pp.-Manuel Alvarez Nazario, Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu, Esclavos negros en Cartagena y sus aportes léxicos. Bogotá: Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1982. xvii + 247 pp.-J.T. Gilmore, P.F. Campbell, The church in Barbados in the seventeenth century. Garrison, Barbados; Barbados Museum and Historical Society, 1982. 188 pp.-Douglas K. Midgett, Neville Duncan ,Women and politics in Barbados 1948-1981. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research (Eastern Caribbean), Women in the Caribbean Project vol. 3, 1983. x + 68 pp., Kenneth O'Brien (eds)-Ken I. Boodhoo, Maurice Bishop, Forward ever! Three years of the Grenadian Revolution. Speeches of Maurice Bishop. Sydney: Pathfinder Press, 1982. 287 pp.-Michael L. Conniff, Velma Newton, The silver men: West Indian labour migration to Panama, 1850-1914. Kingston: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xx + 218 pp.-Robert Dirks, Frank L. Mills ,Christmas sports in St. Kitts: our neglected cultural tradition. With lessons by Bertram Eugene. Frederiksted VI: Eastern Caribbean Institute, 1984. iv + 66 pp., S.B. Jones-Hendrickson (eds)-Catherine L. Macklin, Virginia Kerns, Woman and the ancestors: Black Carib kinship and ritual. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983. xv + 229 pp.-Marian McClure, Brian Weinstein ,Haiti: political failures, cultural successes. New York: Praeger (copublished with Hoover Institution Press, Stanford), 1984. xi + 175 pp., Aaron Segal (eds)-A.J.F. Köbben, W.S.M. Hoogbergen, De Boni-oorlogen, 1757-1860: marronage en guerilla in Oost-Suriname (The Boni wars, 1757-1860; maroons and guerilla warfare in Eastern Suriname). Bronnen voor de studie van Afro-amerikaanse samenlevinen in de Guyana's, deel 11 (Sources for the Study of Afro-American Societies in the Guyanas, no. 11). Dissertation, University of Utrecht, 1985. 527 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Baijah Mhango, Aid and dependence: the case of Suriname, a study in bilateral aid relations. Paramaribo: SWI, Foundation in the Arts and Sciences, 1984. xiv + 171 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Sandew Hira, Balans van een coup: drie jaar 'surinaamse revolutie.' Rotterdam: Futile (Blok & Flohr), 1983. 175 pp.-Ian Robertson, John A. Holm ,Dictionary of Bahamian English. New York: Lexik House Publishers, 1982. xxxix + 228 pp., Alison Watt Shilling (eds)-Erica Williams Connell, Paul Sutton, Commentary: A reply from Williams Connell (to the review by Anthony Maingot in NWIG 57:89-97).

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Gramigna, Remo. « Rethinking theoretical schools and circles in the 20th-century humanities ». Sign Systems Studies 44, n^o 1/2 (5 juillet 2016) : 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2016.44.1-2.15.

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Review of Theoretical Schools and Circles in the Twentieth-Century Humanities: Literary Theory, History, Philosophy, ed. by Marina Grishakova and Silvi Salupere. New York, London: Routledge, 2015. 287 pp.

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Juraev, Jamoliddin. « About the publication of the work “Gulshan ul-asror” by Haydar Khorazmiy ». Golden Scripts 5, n^o 4 (10 décembre 2022) : 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2022.4/ozgg6881.

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This article reflects the analysis of the editions of Haydar Khorazmi’s masnavi “Gulshan ul-asrar”. There are manuscript copies of the work all over the world. Including Istanbul, New York, Paris, Tehran, Kazan, Vienna, Tbilisi and other places. The editors prepared the edition of the work based on these manuscripts. The first printed editions of the work were made in the 19th century in the city of Kazan. Later, it was published in Uzbekistan by the 20th century and by Turkish scientists at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st c e n t u r y. D i f f e r e n t a n d similar aspects of these publications were studied in the research.

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Kafka, Judith, et Cici Matheny. « Boundary Matters : Uncovering the Hidden History of New York City’s School Subdistrict Lines ». AERA Open 7 (janvier 2021) : 233285842110389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211038939.

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This article traces the spatial history of New York City’s geographic school subdistrict boundaries throughout the 20th century, exploring the historical relationship between race, space, and schooling in New York City and beyond. It seeks to both make the case for studying the spatial history of within-district education boundaries and put the results of our historical mapping project into the public domain. Ultimately, we hope that researchers will use our data to explore their own questions about the history of New York City, its neighborhoods, and its schools, and that some may embark on similar boundary-mapping projects for other cities, counties, and school systems.

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Karl, Rebecca E. « Culture, Revolution, and the Times of History : Mao and 20th-Century China ». China Quarterly 187 (septembre 2006) : 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000324.

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The recent spate of English-language exposés of Mao Zedong, most prominently that written by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, seems to announce a culmination of the tendency towards the temporal-spatial conflation of 20th-century Chinese and global history. This sense was only confirmed when the New York Times reported in late January that George W. Bush's most recent bedtime reading is Mao: The Unknown Story, or when, last month, according to a column in the British paper The Guardian, “the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly voted to condemn the ‘crimes of totalitarian communist regimes,’ linking them with Nazism…” The conflation, then, is of the long history of the Chinese revolution with the Cultural Revolution, on the one hand; and, on the other hand, of Mao Zedong with every one of the most despicable of the 20th century's many tyrants and despots. In these conflations, general 20th-century evil has been reduced to a complicit right-wing/left-wing madness, while China's 20th century has been reduced to the ten years during which this supposed principle of madness operated as a revolutionary tyranny in its teleologically ordained fashion. In this way are the dreams of some China ideologues realized: China becomes one central node through which the trends of the 20th century as a global era are concentrated, channelled and magnified. China isglobal history, by becoming a particular universalized analytic principle, in the negative sense. That is, universality becomes a conflationary negative principle.

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Munch, Janet Butler. « 20th-century Bronx Childhood : Recalling the Faces and Voices ». Collections : A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 13, n^o 2 (juin 2017) : 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061701300204.

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A popular photographic exhibit on childhood, originally featured in the Lehman College Art Gallery in the Bronx, New York, was brought to life two decades later through a library digitization grant. The website Childhood in the Bronx ( http://www.lehman.edu/library/childhood-bronx/home.htm ) features 61 photographs of boys and girls with family or friends, at play, on streets, and in parks, schools, shelters, hospitals, and other locales. Oral history sound excerpts about their childhood, not heard in the original exhibit, complement the 18 vintage photographs shown. The combination of images with the spoken word enhances the user's sensory experience with deeper meaning and enjoyment. This article discusses how the project was accomplished and what can be learned from the Lehman digitization team's experience.

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Houlahan, Bridget. « Origins of School Nursing ». Journal of School Nursing 34, n^o 3 (11 octobre 2017) : 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517735874.

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This study investigated the origin and implementation of school nursing in New York City, using traditional historical methods with a social history framework. The intent of this research was to produce a comprehensive historical analysis of school nursing at the turn of the 20th century in order to provide a historical framework to promote the work of school nurses today. Understanding the core fundamental concepts of school nursing from its origins and the significance of the emergence of community support for the role of the school nurse at the turn of the 20th century can inform current policy to back school nursing and school health today.

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Finnane, Antonia. « Twentieth-Century China : New Approaches. Edited by Jeffrey Wasserstrom. [London and New York : Routledge, 2003. xv+273 pp. $25.95. ISBN 0-415-19504-7.] ». China Quarterly 177 (mars 2004) : 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004250123.

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This useful volume brings together a number of articles showing recent shifts in the English-language historiography of 20th-century China. Historians tend to talk in terms of centuries, and a book about historical approaches to the century just finished is timely. Wasserstrom's introduction establishes the grounds for thinking about China's 20th century as a discrete period of historical time, at the same time explaining the logic of the book and integrating its disparate elements.The chapters show considerable diversity. Joseph Esherick's “Ten theses on the Chinese revolution,” already well known in the field, rebuts some received wisdom about the (Communist) revolution and offers a series of alternative conclusions. Among these is “the need to break the 1949 barrier,” (p. 41) a point discussed at greater length in Paul Cohen's essay on “The 1949 divide in Chinese history.” The diminished significance of 1949 in recent studies is a natural product, as Cohen notes, of political and social change in China since the death of Mao, and he poses the problem of how to “probe the ways in which 1949 did indeed signal abrupt and important change, as well as the ways it did not” (p. 35).

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Velocci, Beans. « True Sex : The Lives of Trans Men at the Turn of the 20th Century. By Emily Skidmore. (New York, NY : New York University Press, 2017. Pp. 253. $27.00.) ». Historian 80, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12950.

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Weston, Timothy B. « A Bitter Revolution : China's Struggle with the Modern World. By RANA MITTER. [New York : Oxford University Press, 2004. 357 pp. $30.00. ISBN 0-19-280341-7.] ». China Quarterly 181 (mars 2005) : 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005330104.

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In A Bitter Revolution, Rana Mitter offers a broad-brushed interpretive essay intended for a general reader rather than a focused academic study. Because of his target audience and the expansiveness of his topic, Mitter's prose is informal and he frequently inserts textbook-style passages. Mitter intermittently offers his own illuminating readings of primary source material and throughout the work he engages with an impressive range of recently published scholarly research findings but, in the main, this book's originality lies in its integrative and sweeping narrative reading of China's modern revolutionary history.Mitter's account is organized around a number of biographical sketches (most prominently of Zou Taofen and Du Zhongyuan) and several key historiographical contentions. Cumulatively, those contentions serve to open modern Chinese history to a range of new approaches and questions. First, Mitter argues that Chinese historians must resist the habit of centring their interpretive focus on the Communist story given the relative brevity of the Communist revolution and the fact that three very important decades have passed since its high point. This leads to the second contention – namely that in important ways contemporary Chinese politics and society share more in common with the May Fourth period than they do with the Maoist era. As Mitter sees it, the May Fourth movement, and the political and cultural pluralism of the pre-war Republican period more broadly, have remained highly relevant over the course of modern Chinese history. For this reason, he chooses to weave his narrative around that generation's passage through life during the 20th century. Thirdly, interpreters of modern Chinese history must do more to foreground the complex and multiple ways that the broader international political environment influenced China's revolutionary process over the course of the 20th century. And fourthly, it is as important to understand daily life and how it has changed over time as it is to study the large, abstract forces that shape society. In recent decades these historiographical ideas have steadily gained ground within the field of modern Chinese history, yet Mitter is among the first to build a sustained narrative statement on 20th-century China around them. In presenting this synthetic account, Mitter has performed an important and very useful service to the field.

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Penier, Izabella, Monika Sosnowska et Tamara Skalska. « Book reviews ». International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 14, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2012) : 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10223-012-0058-9.

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Richard Gott, Britain’s Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt, London & New York: Verso, 2011, pp. 568, ISBN: 9781844677382 Reghina Dascal, Ed., Episodes from the History of Undoing. The Heritage of Female Subversiveness, Newcasle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012, ISBN: 1-4438-3611-7 Marta Wiszniowska-Majchrzyk, Studies in 20th Century Literary/Cultural Britain, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Wszyńskiego, 2011, pp. 440, ISBN 978-83-7072-707-9 Man, Chicks are Just Different (Baby są jakieś inne) dir. Marek Koterski, Poland, 2011, 90 min.

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Pybus, Oliver G., Eleanor Barnes, Rachel Taggart, Philippe Lemey, Peter V. Markov, Bouachan Rasachak, Bounkong Syhavong et al. « Genetic History of Hepatitis C Virus in East Asia ». Journal of Virology 83, n^o 2 (29 octobre 2008) : 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01501-08.

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ABSTRACT The hepatitis C virus (HCV), which currently infects an estimated 3% of people worldwide, has been present in some human populations for several centuries, notably HCV genotypes 1 and 2 in West Africa and genotype 6 in Southeast Asia. Here we use newly developed methods of sequence analysis to conduct the first comprehensive investigation of the epidemic and evolutionary history of HCV in Asia. Our analysis includes new HCV core (n = 16) and NS5B (n = 14) gene sequences, obtained from serum samples of jaundiced patients from Laos. These exceptionally diverse isolates were analyzed in conjunction with all available reference strains using phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescent methods. We performed statistical tests of phylogeographic structure and applied a recently developed “relaxed molecular clock” approach to HCV for the first time, which indicated an unexpectedly high degree of rate variation. Our results reveal a >1,000-year-long development of genotype 6 in Asia, characterized by substantial phylogeographic structure and two distinct phases of epidemic history, before and during the 20th century. We conclude that HCV lineages representing preexisting and spatially restricted strains were involved in multiple, independent local epidemics during the 20th century. Our analysis explains the generation and maintenance of HCV diversity in Asia and could provide a template for further investigations of HCV spread in other regions.

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Simonelli, David. « Family Affairs : A History of the Family in 20th Century England, by Mary AbbottFamily Affairs : A History of the Family in 20th Century England, by Mary Abbott. New York, Routledge, 2003. 195 pp. $34.95 US (paper). » Canadian Journal of History 39, n^o 2 (août 2004) : 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.39.2.390.

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Gvozdetsky, Vladimir L. « The Development of Russian History of Technology in the 20th Century ». Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, n^o 3 (2022) : 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060021635-0.

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On the 28th of February, 1932, the General Assembly of the USSR Academy of Sciences adopted a resolution on the reorganization of the History of Knowledge Commission (KIZ) into the Institute for the History of Science and Technology (IINT) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The past 90 years have demonstrated scientific and practical importance of the new discipline, history of science and technology. Its history-of-technology component has played an important role in the development of this discipline. The article analyzes the path traveled by the history of technology as well as the most important results in engineering and technology, obtained both by the IHST researchers and their colleagues from other research and educational institutions. Considerable attention in the article is given to the early period of formation of the history of science. The impact of difficult Soviet prewar realities on science in general and on the tragic fate of IINT (the arrest of its director, N. I. Bukharin, invectives addressed to the Institute, and its shutting down) is analyzed. The author emphasizes that, during the period under study, the history of technology community continued with their research, and points out to the works of B. L. Bogoslovskii, V. V. Danilevskii (also spelled Danilevsky), A. A. Radtsig, S. T. Strumilin, and others. The organizational and administrative revival of the history of technology dates back to 1942 and is reviewed in the context of historical meeting of V. L. Komarov, President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with I. V. Stalin, the head of state, during which it was deemed advisable to reinstate the Institute for the History of Science (IIE). What distinguished the history of technology in the second half of the 20th century was its steady, systemic development. Everything was changing: the configuration and balance of research priorities, methodological toolkit and the forms of studies, standards and themes of scientific work, staff, social context, and funding. The collective and individual monographs alternated as predominant forms of scientific output. The diversity of genres correlated closely with staff dynamics. The author focuses on the important role of paternalism of the foremost Soviet scientists in the history of technology. One of the main factors of disciplinary stability was the pursuit of new knowledge. In this context, the main theme clusters and their ideologists were: factographic, including field, studies (V. V. Danilevskii); current scientific and technological revolution (S. V. Shukhardin); technical sciences (Yu. S. Meleshchenko); and theoretical and methodological matrix of the technical world (I. Ya. Konfederatov). The author writes about today’s marketplace realities with undisguised worry for the future of the discipline. The sources used in this article are collective and individual monographs on the history of machines and technical sciences, publications in the journal “Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki” (Studies in the History of Science and Technology), as well as the written and audio archive of the author who has been working at S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the USSR (Russian) Academy of Sciences since 1971.

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Cripe, Lloyd I. « Useful Backward and Forward Reflections ». Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 10, n^o 6 (octobre 2004) : 921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617704220161.

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Pathways to Prominence in Neuropsychology: Reflections of Twentieth-Century Pioneers. Anthony Y. Stringer, Eileen L. Cooley, and Anne-Lise Christensen, 2002. New York: Psychology Press. 324 pp., $64.95.Pathways to Prominence in Neuropsychology discusses the origin and development of research and clinical neuropsychology in the 20th century. This is an important first book to help us better understand where we have been, where we are, where we are going and who we are, but be forewarned that the writer of this review is extremely biased, believing that history is both interesting and potentially useful to enlighten our individual and collective journeys. The writing of history, its facts and interpretations, is fraught with challenges and pitfalls, especially when looking at ourselves. As the American humorist Herb Shiner once said, “Nothing has changed the course of history as much as the historian.

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Sundieva, Anneta. « VIEWS AND DESTINIES OF MUSEUM WORKERS IN THE 1920-1940S AS AN OBJECT OF STUDY OF MUSEOLOGY ». LIFE OF THE EARTH 45, n^o 2 (14 juin 2023) : 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3456.0514-7468.2023_45_2/280-288.

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The article draws attention to the relevance of studying the history of museological thought in Russia. The author notes the prospects of the biographical method of research, which makes it possible to trace the continuity of views, the motives for making certain decisions, and to build priorities more precisely. The ideas expressed in the recently published book "From the history of museological thought in Russia: the 20th century" are being developed. The paper analyses the biographies, contributions to the museum theory, and features of the creative path of several well-known domestic museum specialists such as M. Novorussky, N. Trotskaya, M. Farmakovsky, and L. Rakov. A more accurate representation of their role in the formation of museological knowledge, as well as noting common features of museologists of the 20th century, can be made possible by new publications of sources appeared in the 2000s, mostly of personal origin.

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Fass, P. S. « American Cool : Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style. By Peter N. Stearns (New York : New York University Press, 1994. ix plus 368pp.) ». Journal of Social History 29, n^o 1 (1 septembre 1995) : 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/29.1.176.

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DANYLІUK, N. O. « UKRAINIAN LINGUO-FOLKLORE STUDIES : THEIR HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVES ». Movoznavstvo 320, n^o 5 (28 octobre 2021) : 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-320-2021-5-003.

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The article is devoted to the evolution, present state and perspectives of development of the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies that are conducted by Sv. Yеrmolenko, N. Zhuravliova, A. Moisiienko, T. Betsenko, Y. Diadyshcheva-Rosovetska, N. Kolesnyk, R. Serdeha and others. The main aspects of the analysis of the language of the Ukrainian folk poetic texts of the period from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century were considered. They are historical linguistic, linguo-stylistic, linguo-didactic, linguo-cultural, ethnolinguistic, linguo-conceptual, linguo-semiotic. Two stages in the development of linguo-folklore studies were distinguished: 1) 60s — 80s of the 20th c., and 2) 90s of the 20th c. — the early 21st c. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies had already evolved into a separate branch of philology and an educational course with its own object (a linguostructural, artistic-figurative organization of folkloristic texts of various genres, peculiar features of a folkloristic style formation), and subject of research, tasks and trends. There were mentioned the present day approaches to the analysis of folk poetic texts, being based on the language layers (folklore stylistics of language units), language expressive means (folklore stylistics of language expressive means), genres (folklore stylistics of genres) and separate parts of linguistics. The following perspectives of the linguo-folklore studies were defined: the analysis of understudied language units and figurative means, used in the texts of various genres (not only the traditional but new ones as well), development of a folklore lexicography, folklore dialectology, folklore linguo-cognitology, folklore linguosemiotics, folklore communication, linguo-genderology, contrastive linguo-folklore studies, and other trends, as well as a wider application of modern systems of an automatic analysis of texts, dictionaries’ compilation, and data creation.

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Whitfield, Stephen J. « American Culture, American Tastes : Social Change and the 20th Century. By Michael Kammen (New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 1999) 320 pp. $30.00 ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31, n^o 4 (avril 2001) : 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2001.31.4.665.

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Koshar, Rudy. « On the History of the Automobile in Everyday Life ». Contemporary European History 10, n^o 1 (mars 2001) : 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001072.

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Alexander von Vegasack and Mateo Kries, eds., Automobility – Was uns bewegt (Weil am Rhein: Vitra Design Museum, 1999), exhibition catalogue, Vitra Design Museum, 551 pp., ISBN 3-931-936-17-1. Paride Rugafiori, ed., La capitale dell'automobile: Imprendatori, cultura e società a Torino (Venice: Marsilio, 1999), 262 pp., Lire 35,000. ISBN 8-831-77194-9. Ulrich Kubisch, Das Automobil als Lesestoff: Zur Geschichte der deutschen Motorpresse, 1898–1998 (Berlin: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 1998), 80 pp., ISBN 3-895-00072-8. David Thoms, Len Holden, and Tim Claydon, eds., The Motor Car and Popular Culture in the 20th Century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), 307 pp., ISBN 1-859-28461-2. Sean O'Connell, The Car in British Society: Class, Gender and Motoring, 1896–1939 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1998), 240 pp., ISBN 0-71-905506-7

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Barbu, Maria. « A(n) (Anarche)typical Journey Through New York : Don Delillo’s Cosmopolis as an American Postmodern Odyssey ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 69, n^o 2 (27 juin 2024) : 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2024.2.06.

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A(n) (Anarche)Typical Journey through New York: Don Delillo’s Cosmopolis as an American Postmodern Odyssey. Journeys made across the North American territories were often made in search of something: a better life, a further frontier space or the lifestyle and the bigger opportunities from the other coast. Other times, mostly towards the second half of the 20th century, these journeys were made out of the sheer pleasure of travelling, having no pre-established routes and allowing themselves to drift endlessly and leave rhizomatic traces on America’s map. In the case of Don DeLillo’s Cosmopolis, these two types of geographical narratives overlap in Eric Packer’s chaotic limousine ride across New York, through which he tries to reach his hairdresser but is forever delayed by various things happening on the streets. Through an in-depth geocritical analysis of why the quintessence of the 21st century’s American space proves to be unnavigable in straightforward and ordered ways anymore, this paper will use Corin Braga’s “anarchetype” to define this type of movement and also to link it to the multiple and decentred identity of the postmodern subject. In addition, the protagonist’s journey through Manhattan will be seen as a postmodern odyssey where the destination eludes the traveller to the point in which the journey’s meaning does not even depend on it anymore. Keywords: Don DeLillo, Cosmopolis, anarchetype, geocriticism, postmodern odyssey, rhizomatic journey, American literature

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Koltsova, Tatiana Mikhailovna. « Icon-Painting Workshop of the Solovetsky Monastery. 17th - Early 20th Century ». Secreta Artis, n^o 3 (20 novembre 2020) : 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51236/2618-7140-2020-3-3-50-75.

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Founded in 1429, the Solovetsky Monastery has throughout several centuries preserved and maintained the traditions of Russian icon painting in the North. In its iconpainting chamber (the building was constructed in 1615), new iconostases were created and icons from the churches of the monastery and patrimonial lands in Pomorie were repaired. In the 17th century, 45 icon painters worked on Solovki in different years, among them were monks, monastery servants, and “trudniks” (lay workers). In the 18th century, the artists of the Pomor patrimonial lands underwent their initial training at the monastery school of icon painting. Families of hereditary icon painters Chalkovs and Savins from Sumsky Posad are particularly well-known. The monastery sent the most gifted students to St. Petersburg and Moscow to improve their art. In 1880, the Solovetsky painting school was inaugurated, where many northern icon painters acquired basic painting skills. Copying and painting from life formed the basis of the educational process; students were offered paintings from the Academy of Arts as samples. The icons and paintings made in the workshop are distinguished by their characteristic stylistic, technical and technological features. The most prominent graduates of the school (A. A. Borisov, N. G. Bekryashev) contributed significantly to the history of Russian art. The article contains new archival documents and rare photographs.

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MATTAR, PHILIP. « MARTIN GILBERT, Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century (New York : John Wiley & ; Sons, 1996). Pp. 428. $16.95 paper. » International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, n^o 1 (février 2001) : 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380130106x.

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Much has been written about Jerusalem since the Madrid peace conference in 1991, most of it by partisans on both sides. Sir Martin Gilbert's work is one of the most entertaining, but least objective. Gilbert is a fellow of Merton College, Oxford University, and a biographer of Sir Winston Churchill and historian of World War II. He begins where his earlier volume, Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City, ended—around the turn of the 20th century. He starts his story with the last few years of Ottoman rule; dwells on British rule (1917–48) and the 1948 war; skims over the years between 1948 and 1967, especially the Jordanian rule of East Jerusalem; then gives a long account of the years after 1967. He ends his book with an endorsement of a plan to return part of East Jerusalem to the Palestinians. Gilbert is a master of the art of compressing an enormous amount of materials about the city's social, architectural, cultural, religious, and political history during the past century into a compelling and readable narrative. His book thus provides a panoramic account of the city, and, because he relies on newspapers, it has an eyewitness quality to it.

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Balovnev, Daniil A. « COMPREHENSION OF THE “RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION” OF THE 1960–1980s IN THE WORKS OF ALAN WATTS AND ROBERT BELLAH ». Научное мнение, n^o 12 (25 décembre 2023) : 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2023_12_71.

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The purpose of the article is a historical and philosophical analysis of the English-language material devoted to the phenomenon of “religious revolution” in the second half of the 20th century. The relevance is due to the need to fill in the “white spots” (analysis of ideas from the materials not translated into Russian) in the study of the history of foreign religion philosophy of the 20th century, by supplementing the domestic historical and philosophical discourse with the analysis of Alan Watts’ “Beyond Theology”, Robert N. Bellah’s “New Religious Consciousness and the Crisis of Modernity” and works of his colleagues, which are valuable for exploring the philosophical foundations and explaining the causes of the “religious revolution” of the 1960–1980s. This topic can also be of value as a support for clarifying other little-studied fragments in the world historical and philosophical process.

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MERIWETHER, MARGARET L. « GAVIN R. G. HAMBLY, ED., Women in the Medieval Islamic World : Power, Patronage, and Piety, The New Middle Ages (New York : St. Martin's Press, 1998). Pp. 566. » International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, n^o 1 (février 2001) : 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801231067.

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The historical study of women and gender in the Middle East and Islamic world has come of age. Not so long ago, it was difficult to find good monographs or collections of essays on women's experiences in the past, even as studies of women and gender in the contemporary Islamic world proliferated. As a result, our ability to make sense of women's lives and experiences in the late 20th century suffered from a lack of historical perspective. An enormous amount of work still confronts us in recovering women's experiences, but exciting historical studies, solidly grounded in primary sources, are already changing the way we think about women in Islamic and Middle Eastern history—and, indeed, in some cases they are changing the way we look at that history as a whole. The greatest gains have occurred in the study of the 19th and 20th centuries, when changes in women's lives were particularly visible and the wealth of sources has allowed us to deal with a range of important questions. What we know about women in the early modern period, especially in the Ottoman Empire, is also expanding rapidly. The absence of work and the huge gaps in our knowledge of earlier periods, despite important works such as those by Denise Spellberg and Leila Ahmed, remains a serious problem, however. This collection of essays, Women in the Medieval Islamic World, edited by Gavin Hambly, is therefore a very welcome addition to the literature on the history of Muslim women in the pre-modern era.

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Demidov, Sergey. « N. N. Luzin at the Crossroads of the Events in European History of the First Half of the 20th Century ». Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, n^o 1 (2022) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060018958-5.

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A prominent Russian mathematician Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin (1883– 1950) lived in a very difficult period of Russian history: two world wars, two 1917 revolutions in Russia, the Bolsheviks’ coming to power, the Civil War of 1917–1922, and the construction of a new type of state, accompanied by mass terror that impacted all the strata of Soviet society. It was against the backdrop of these dramatic events that the process of Luzin’s formation and flourishing as a scientist and founder of one of the leading mathematical schools of the 20th century, the Moscow school of function theory that became one of the cornerstones in the foundation of the Soviet mathematical school, took place. Two periods can be distinguished in Luzin’s work: the first period was devoted to the problems of the metric theory of functions and culminated in his famous dissertation “The Integral and the Trigonometric Series” (1915), and the second period was mainly devoted to the development of problems in the theory of analytic sets. The implication of Luzin’s research was the problem of the structure of the arithmetic continuum that became the ultimate purpose of his work. Fortune favored the scientist: the complicated turns of history he happened to be involved in did not hinder, and sometimes even facilitated, the successful development of his studies. Even the catastrophe that descended upon him in 1936, “the case of Academician Luzin,” even though it had put an end to the normal development of his creative thought, ended with a smoothest possible outcome for him.

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Janik, Allan. « Viktor Frankl's Search for Meaning : An Emblematic 20th-century Life. By Timothy Pytell . New York : Berghahn, 2015. Pp. viii + 208. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 978-1782388302. » Central European History 49, n^o 3-4 (décembre 2016) : 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000996.

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Barnett, Patricia. « The Frick Art Reference Library : sharing a virtual future ». Art Libraries Journal 33, n^o 1 (2008) : 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200015169.

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The Frick Art Reference Library, founded in 1920 as a research library accessible to the public, grew steadily in holdings and reputation throughout the 20th century. Its special text and image resources now make it ideal for a new era. Projects are underway to transform the Photoarchive into a digital surrogate. Among the aims of the Library’s newly established Center for the History of Collecting in America, as it responds to the changing needs of researchers, is to incorporate new areas for discussion, dialogue and workshops. As a participant in the planning stage of the New York Art Resources Consortium (NYARC), a recently conceived collaborative, the Frick will focus on shared access and delivery, reducing duplication, and further expanding research capabilities for a broader, ever-evolving community of users.

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Grandakovska, Sofija. « My Father’s Wars – Are Our Wars : Review of the Book : Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars : Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London : Rutledge Taylor & ; Francis Group ». Colloquia Humanistica, n^o 9 (31 décembre 2020) : 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2020.017.

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My Father’s Wars – Are Our Wars: Review of the Book: Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London: Rutledge Taylor & Francis GroupThe book My Father’s Wars by Alisse Waterston is a structural expression of the need for a new anthropological orientation in history. Waterston chooses to gradually weave the narrative through the methodological directions of intimate ethnography. More precisely, it is a story about the importance of the relationship between micro-history and the fluidity of historical particularisms, between the relations of matrixes of power and reflections on anthropocultural systems of the higher kind. It is here that the value of the complex focalization point in the work is accommodated; it lies in the question in what grammatical person to tell an individual story (which at the same time leaves a strong seal the identity of the descendants) embedded in Jewish cultural history as part of the larger history of war(s) and migration trajectories in the 20th century. Wojny mojego ojca – to nasze wojny. Recenzja książki: Alisse Waterstone (2014), My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century. New York and London: Rutledge Taylor & Francis GroupKsiążka My Father’s wars [Wojny mojego ojca] autorstwa Alisse Waterston jest wyrazem potrzeby nowej orientacji antropologicznej w historii. Waterston decyduje się na stopniowe splatanie narracji, wykorzystując metodologiczne kierunki etnografii intymnej. А dokładniej, jest to opowieść o znaczeniu związku pomiędzy mikrohistorią a płynnością historycznych partykularyzmów, między centrami władzy i refleksją zawartą w systemach antropologicznych wyższego rzędu. Właśnie na tej sferze jest skoncentrowany cel tej książki; zawarty jest w pytaniu, w jakiej kategorii gramatycznej opowiedzieć indywidualną historię (jednocześnie naznaczoną przez tożsamość potomków), osadzoną w żydowskiej historii kultury jako części szerszej historii wojny (wojen) i trajektorii migracyjnych w XX wieku.

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Baldigo, Barry P., Scott D. George, Timothy J. Sullivan, Charles T. Driscoll, Douglas A. Burns, Shuai Shao et Gregory B. Lawrence. « Probabilistic relations between acid–base chemistry and fish assemblages in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, n^o 11 (novembre 2019) : 2013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0260.

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Surface waters across much of New York’s Adirondack Mountains were acidified in the late 20th century but began to recover following the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act. Little data, however, are available to characterize biological impacts and predict recovery of fish assemblages in streams of the region. Quantitative fish and chemistry surveys were completed in 47 headwater streams during summer 2014–2016 to develop logistic (probabilistic) models that characterize the status of contemporary fish assemblages and predict how different nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition loads may affect future fish assemblages. Models for inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali) and richness ≥1 species and for acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and total density >400 fish/0.1 ha, total biomass >1500 g/0.1 ha, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) density >0 or >200 fish/0.1 ha, and brook trout biomass >1000 g/0.1 ha were suitable for evaluating community and population responses to changes in acid–base chemistry. Anticipated changes in national (US) secondary standards for atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) to achieve target N and S deposition loads will alter acid–base chemistry and the probabilities for observing various levels of fish metrics in streams across the region and elsewhere.

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Rudek-Śmiechowska, Anna. « New York, the Mecca of the Art World. Initial Study on Polish Migrant Artists who Left for the United States, 1986–1995 ». Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 47, n^o 3 (181) (novembre 2021) : 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.034.14454.

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The paper strives to characterize the circle of Polish visual artists who left for the United States in the late 20th century and settled in New York City, where they continued their careers. For the purposes of the paper, the subject matter has been focused on an excerpt from an ample research problem i.e. the analysis of the history of the Polish American Artists Society (PAAS,) operating in New York from 1986 through 1995. Their activities form the basis for the analysis and constitute a database to construct a more profound picture of the organization. Therefore, the years in which PAAS operated shall also constitute the paper’s framework. To foster simplicity, the term ‘artist’ and ‘artists’ shall be used to refer to visual artists born in Poland who came to New York City mainly in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, permanently resided in the United States, and worked as visual artists, regardless of the technique they adopted, be it painters, sculptors, photographers, graphic artists, illustrators, performers, artistic fabric weavers, or video artists. The paper uses their micro-stories to illustrate the phenomenon behind the prolific community of Polish artists in New York City from 1986 through 1995. It is based on research on PAAS, which has become the basis for a monographic book about the Society.

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Linden, Diana L. « Modern ? American ? Jew ? Museums and Exhibitions of Ben Shahn's Late Paintings ». Prospects 30 (octobre 2005) : 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002222.

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The year 1998 marked the centennial of the birth of artist Ben Shahn (1898–1969). Coupled with the approach of the millennium, which many museums celebrated by surveying the cultural production of the 20th century, the centennial offered the perfect opportunity to mount a major exhibition of Shahn's work (the last comprehensive exhibition had taken place at the Jewish Museum in New York City in 1976). The moment was also propitious because a renewed interest in narrative, figurative art, and political art encouraged scholarly and popular appreciation of Ben Shahn, whose reputation within the history of American art had been eclipsed for many decades by the attention given to the abstract expressionists. The Jewish Museum responded in 1998 with Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn, organized by the Museum's curator Susan Chevlowe, with abstract expressionism scholar Stephen Polcari (Figure 1). The exhibition traveled to the Allentown Art Museum in Pennsylvania and closed at the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1999.Smaller Shahn exhibitions then in the planning stages (although not scheduled to open during the centennial year) were to focus on selected aspects of Shahn's oeuvre: the Fogg Museum was to present his little-known New York City photographs of the 1930s in relationship to his paintings, and the Jersey City Museum intended to exhibit his career-launching series, The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti (1931–32). Knowing this, Chevlowe smartly chose to focus on the later years of Shahn's career and on his lesser-known easel paintings of the post-World War II era. In so doing, Chevlowe challenged viewers to expand their understanding both of the artist and his place in 20th-century American art.

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Kudelić, Zlatko. « Lucian N. Leustean, ur., Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth- Century Southeastern Europe (New York : Fordham University Press, 2014), 288 str. » Journal of Contemporary History 49, n^o 3 (7 décembre 2017) : 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/csp.v49i3.47.

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Halász, Ivan. « Politik a právnik Nándor Bernolák (1880–1951) ». PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 53, n^o 1 (25 juillet 2023) : 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2023.7.

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The article deals with the life and political views of Ferdinad/Nándor Bernolák, who was the rector of the new university in Debrecen before the First World War. He later served as Minister of Social Affairs in the conservative government of István Bethlen. N. Bernolák was born in Banská Bystrica and his family was of Slovak ethnic origin, but he and his brothers were of Hungarian nationality. Bernolák was a professor of penal law and a prominent member of the Hungarian conservative and Christian nationalist political wing, however, he spent only two years in parliament and government. After his political career, he worked as a lawyer in Budapest and sometimes represented his clients in very sensitive cases. He also worked as a private lecturer at the University of Budapest. N. Bernolák published mainly on penal law and legal theory. His son was an official in the Prime Minister’s Office from the 1930s to the late 1940s. The life and political career of N. Bernolák is a good example to present the career of a Hungarian lawyer in the complex and sensitive 20th century.

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Borchert, James, et Susan Borchert. « Downtown, Uptown, Out of Town ». Social Science History 26, n^o 2 (2002) : 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012372.

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In a recent New York Times article, Robert Sharoff reported on “a throwback to the early years of the 20th century when wealthy Chicago families tended to live in such close-in neighborhoods as Prairie Avenue and theGold Coast.” For the past five years, wealthy Chicagoans have been constructing “palatial residences of at least 6,000 square feet” in the Lincoln Park neighborhood a mile and one-half north of the Loop (Sharoff 2000: 36). This “return” of the well-to-do to the city contradicts traditional urban theories on elite residential patterns; the preponderance of these theories projects the upper class universally and continuously seeking the metropolitan fringe for new homes, more and open land, and/or lower density (Burgess 1925; Hoyt 1939; Alonso 1964; Adams 1987; Downs 1981; Luger 1996; Lowry 1960; Hartshorn and Muller 1989; and Knox 1994).These theories, as well as the notion of the recent return of the upper class to the city, mask a long history of continuing elite residence within some cities as well as considerable diversity in upper-class residence patterns and landscapes among cities.

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Folieva, Tatiana. « “Does God sleep like us?” Diaries about children’s religiosity ». St. Tikhons' University Review. Series IV. Pedagogy. Psychology 66 (30 septembre 2022) : 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiv202266.117-128.

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The article deals with the diaries of mothers who monitored their children according to a clear plan, which was developed for them by the famous teacher and pedologist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Rybnikov (1880-1961). For the first time in Russian science, he suggested that the most effective is biographical research, which should be longitudinal, and documents of personal origin should serve as sources for analysis. The Diaries give us a lot of information - from descriptions of progressive women to n. XX century before the formation of the personality of the child. Pedology had its own target audience, on which it relied - intellectual circles, which were open to new trends in science. On the other hand, we see that such circles were, if not prosperous, at least quite well off. After the October Revolution, pedology lost its social and economic base; its defeat was a matter of time. If we touch directly on issues related to the history of psychology, then, undoubtedly, we have a unique document before us. Such observations allow us to reconstruct the development of children at the beginning of the 20th century and conduct a comparative analysis; he shows us the differences in the assessment of the development of children in the course of the history of psychology and pedagogy; it allows us to reconstruct the religious ideas of children at the beginning of the 20th century and to identify how they differ from modern ideas.

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Robinson, Greg. « Nisei in Gotham : The JACD and Japanese Americans in 1940s New York ». Prospects 30 (octobre 2005) : 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002180.

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The resettlement and activism of Japanese Americans in New York City during the 1940s represents a notable chapter within the large and complex history of the city's Nikkei (ethnic Japanese) community. Throughout the 20th century, the New York community has been distinctive among those in the United States. Like the larger city itself, New York's Nikkei population has been notable for demographic and occupational diversity, extraordinary cosmopolitanism, and political and artistic effervescence. At the same time, in stark contrast to its Pacific Coast counterparts, the New York community has long been marked by a lack of group cohesion, which the scattered residential pattern and transient nature of many of its members did nothing to reduce.Both these salient community characteristics — political/artistic self-assertion and dispersion — were accentuated with the coming of World War II. The impending conflict between Washington and Tokyo led to the abrupt departure of a large proportion of the city's Nikkei residents back to Japan. However, in the weeks after Pearl Harbor, a new group of anti-Fascist Japanese Americans, largely first generation, assumed community leadership. Their group was subsequently reinforced with the arrival of second-generation intellectuals and artists from the West Coast, who had been incarcerated en masse in camps and elected to resettle in the city afterward. Although the newcomers experienced discrimination and difficulties, they joined with the city's established Japanese population to form a truly cohesive community, with its nucleus the popular activist group Japanese American Committee for Democracy. Yet this group, because of its connections with the Communist Party, demonstrated the limitations as well as the force of Japanese-American political action.

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Moltrup, Megan. « Herstory of Graphic Design : Elaine Lustig Cohen ». Collections : A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 15, n^o 2-3 (juin 2019) : 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550190619866179.

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The Cary Graphic Arts Collection in Rochester, New York, manages the Graphic Design Archive of the Rochester Institute of Technology which features more than 35 collections documenting the work of many 20th-century Modernist graphic designers. Among these is the work of Elaine Lustig Cohen (1927–2016), a relatively unknown designer from New York City. Upon her marriage to the well-known designer Alvin Lustig, Elaine unknowingly started out on her path as a designer. She seamlessly transitioned from office manager to artist, but it took decades for her to receive recognition for her work. In an attempt to situate Elaine Lustig Cohen and her body of work within graphic design history and to give her body of work greater attention, I researched, handled, and disseminated knowledge of her work and her collection. Specifically, I examined and organized her collection at the Cary Graphic Arts Collection and went on to co-curate an exhibition chronicling her career as part of my capstone of my undergraduate degree in museum studies. I wanted to look at this collection in relation to the bigger picture of women in design and to the relationship between the representation of women in the history of graphic design textbooks and the availability of their work in archives.

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Nichols Busch, Tracy. « The High Line ». Transfers 1, n^o 2 (1 juin 2011) : 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2011.010209.

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An abandoned freight track on Manhattan’s West Side, considered by local businesses to be nothing more than an eyesore and an impediment to development, became the cause célèbre of New Yorkers in the early twenty-first century. Efforts to “save the High Line” resulted in one of the largest creations of public space in New York history. The 8.8 metertall High Line, which stretches 12 blocks between Ganesvoort Street and 20th Street, features both permanent and temporary art installations that inform visitors of their movement through space and its implication for the natural and constructed worlds. A post-industrial yearning for a more harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world can be detected in New Yorkers’ affection for the High Line. The elevated nature of this raised railroad track creates an ethereal and otherworldly sensation. The traffic below becomes an abstraction and pedestrians, always vulnerable on the streets, are lifted above the fray.

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Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik. « Warsaw and Yiddish : Europe’s Once Largest Jewish City ». Wortfolge, n^o 6 (6 septembre 2022) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/wss.2022.06.10.

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Prior to the Katastrofe (Yiddish for ‘Holocaust’), Warsaw was the world’s capital of Yiddishland, or the Ashkenazic civilization of Yiddish language and culture. In the terms of absolute numbers of Jewish inhabitants, at the turn of the 20th century, New York City surpassed Warsaw. Yet, from the perspective of cultural and political institutions and organizations, Warsaw remained the center of Europe’s Jewish life. This article offers an overview of the rise of Warsaw as such a center, its destruction during World War II, and the center’s partial revival in the aftermath, followed by its extinction, which was sealed with the antisemitic ethnic cleansing of Poland’s last Jewish communities in 1968. Twenty years after the fall of communism, beginning at the turn of the 2010s, a new awareness of the Jewish facet of Warsaw’s and Poland’s culture and history has developed during the past decade. It is a chance for a new opening, for embracing Jewish culture, Yiddish and Judaism as inherent elements of Polish culture and history This country’s history and culture was not created exclusively by Catholics, as ethnonationalists are wont to claim incorrectly. Hence, the essay is intended to serve as a corrective to this anachronistic preconception.

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Welton, Mark D. « Majid Mohammadi, Judicial Reform and Reorganization in 20th Century Iran : State-Building, Modernization and Islamicization (New York : Routledge, 2008). Pp. 404. $95.00 cloth. » International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, n^o 1 (14 janvier 2010) : 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990663.

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Fedotova, E. D. « Серия акварелей «Campi Phlegraei» английского мецената и итальянского художника века Просвещения ». Iskusstvo Evrazii [The Art of Eurasia], n^o 1(20) (31 mars 2021) : 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46748/arteuras.2021.01.018.

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The article is devoted to the history of a unique collection made by famous American patron and curator Peggy Guggenheim. For several decades, she has been gathering works by European Cubists, Abstractionists and Surrealists, creating the huge collection of the 20th century art. But she made the most significant contribution to the development and popularization of modernism by organizing the «Art of this Century» gallery in New York. This gallery hosted for the first time exhibitions of artists who later became known as abstract expressionists. Their work loudly declared itself on the international art scene and won worldwide recognition. Статья посвящена серии акварелей «Campi Phlegraei», исполненной итальянским художником Пьетро Де Фабрисом (годы жизни не известны) во время научной экспедиции лорда Уильяма Гамильтона (1730–1803), посланника Великобритании, к кратеру Везувия. Оба они — художник и У. Гамильтон, меценат и коллекционер, увлеченно занимавшийся вулканологией, были яркими фигурами истории и культуры века Просвещения. Их сотрудничество является подтверждением научных и художественных достижений культуры Италии в век «просвещенного абсолютизма», когда в Королевстве обеих Сицилий правила династия испанских Бурбонов.

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Yartseva, O. A. « Коллекция Пегги Гуггенхайм ». Iskusstvo Evrazii [The Art of Eurasia], n^o 1(20) (31 mars 2021) : 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46748/arteuras.2021.01.019.

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The article is devoted to the history of a unique collection made by famous American patron and curator Peggy Guggenheim. For several decades, she has been gathering works by European Cubists, Abstractionists and Surrealists, creating the huge collection of the 20th century art. But she made the most significant contribution to the development and popularization of modernism by organizing the «Art of this Century» gallery in New York. This gallery hosted for the first time exhibitions of artists who later became known as abstract expressionists. Their work loudly declared itself on the international art scene and won worldwide recognition. В фокусе внимания автора статьи — история создания уникального собрания произведений искусства ХХ века, принадлежавшего известной американской меценатке и куратору Пегги Гуггенхайм. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий она коллекционировала картины европейских кубистов, абстракционистов и сюрреалистов. Но самый значительный вклад в развитие и популяризацию модернизма она внесла, организовав в Нью-Йорке галерею «Искусство этого века», в которой впервые были проведены выставки художников, позже ставших классиками абстрактного экспрессионизма США, магистрального направления, громко заявившего о себе на международной художественной сцене и завоевавшего всемирное признание.

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Filley, Christopher M. « What's In A Name ? Neurological Eponyms, Peter J. Koehler, George W. Bruyn, and John M.S. Pearce. (Eds.). 2000. New York : Oxford University Press. 386 pp., $59.95. » Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, n^o 6 (septembre 2002) : 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702226168.

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Neurology, like many disciplines in medicine and science, has had a penchant for naming many of its discoveries after their discoverers. This tendency became especially evident in the early 20th century, for example, when the practice of neurology was essentially confined to bedside diagnosis, and dozens of pathological reflexes, many now largely forgotten, came to be recognized by the names of the neurologists who popularized them. Such eponymic zeal has engendered controversy, however, as some have argued that it is more “scientific” to apply purely descriptive labels to neurologic phenomena. This book clearly supports retaining the use of eponyms in neurology, both because of the inescapable familiarity that many of these terms have acquired, and for the importance of the person behind the eponym. The result is a useful and readable compendium of selected neurologic information, along with a substantial amount of detail on the history of neurology.

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Haycock, Ronald G. « An Intimate History of Killing : Face to Face Killing in 20th Century Warfare, by Joanna BourkeAn Intimate History of Killing : Face to Face Killing in 20th Century Warfare, by Joanna Bourke. New York, Basic Books, 1999. xxiii, 509 pp. $43.50 Cdn (cloth). » Canadian Journal of History 36, n^o 2 (août 2001) : 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.36.2.419.

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Lei, Hao. « Italian Immigrants Culture in New York : A Comparative Study on The Godfather II and Mean Streets Through the Lens of Audiovisual Language ». Communications in Humanities Research 19, n^o 1 (7 décembre 2023) : 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/19/20231220.

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This study explores the dynamics of cultural integration, assimilation, and identity formation of Italian immigrants in American films in the 20th century. It makes a comparative analysis of two iconic films, The Godfather II and Mean Streets, through the lens of audiovisual language. Drawing upon the semiotics theory, mirror theory, and root theory, this research aims to analyze the dynamic changes in culture, economy, and emotions experienced by Italian immigrants. The study is anchored in three key aspects. First, it focuses on the identity politics of Italian immigrants in the United States, with a spotlight on second-generation immigrants. Unlike the first generation, they retain a strong sense of separation from their Italian roots, exhibiting few traces of a transitional identity arc. The second aspect revolves around the directors reconstruction of national history in a global context and its connection to the Mafias influence on economic predicament. Lastly, by looking into the narrative symbols in these films, this research continuously explores the emotional dynamics in the process of cultural integration.

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Jürgens, Anna-Sophie. « Batman and the World of Tomorrow : Yesterday’s Technological Future in the Animated Film Batman : Mask of the Phantasm ». Animation 15, n^o 3 (novembre 2020) : 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847720965459.

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Examining facets of modernist visions of our technological future and of theatricalized city and stage spaces in the 1993 animated film Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, this article explores the cultural meaning of technology in graphic fiction. The confrontation scene between Batman and Joker in the grounds of Gotham’s World’s Fair, the author argues, echoes the 1939 New York World’s Fair with its modernist urban optimism and pop cultural fascination with new visionary technologies, as well as the modern history of moving pictures and multi-media spectacle. The article spotlights the power of the Batman story to participate in, and contribute towards, complex cultural inquiry and transmedial discourses around technology and popular entertainments. Through the exquisite medium of animation – which allows animated characters to be placed on an abstract architectural city stage – Mask of the Phantasm also embodies modernist visions of the ‘ideal’ stage character in a medium that creates non-realist art and more complex possibilities for movement, thus transporting modernist thinking into the 20th century.

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