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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Neutrality policy »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Wee, Lionel. « Neutrality in language policy ». Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31, n^o 4 (juillet 2010) : 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2010.489951.

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Newey, Glen. « Metaphysics Postponed : Liberalism, Pluralism, and Neutrality ». Political Studies 45, n^o 2 (juin 1997) : 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00082.

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Many recent liberal theorists have argued that state neutrality is supported by a metaphysical thesis about value, namely pluralism, which asserts that there are some conceptions of the good life which neither form a hierarchy nor represent versions of a single good. It is however doubtful whether neutrality is supported by pluralism; indeed, it may in some cases be precluded by it. Arguments for pluralism can, in many cases, be reconciled with a monistic metaphysics of value, and pluralism itself fails to support neutrality. This is particularly true of traditional liberal policy positions such as religious toleration and opposition to censorship, where attention to diverse conceptions of the good may favour, or demand, non-neutral policies. The political problems which neutrality addresses arise before we accept the metaphysical ‘truth’ of pluralism, and often remain even if the parties to a political conflict have false conceptions of value. A sharp question for the pluralist neutralist is why conflicting conceptions of the political cannot themselves feature in plural conceptions of the good life. Dispensing with pluralism may not, however, be enough to rescue neutrality, since the disputes which neutrality was designed to deal with may not be resolvable neutrally; and more particularly, some of the traditional liberal policies may be incapable of neutral justification. If so, liberals may find a more traditional form of non-neutral liberalism more attractive.

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Krammer, Philip, Lynnette Dray et Marcus O. Köhler. « Climate-neutrality versus carbon-neutrality for aviation biofuel policy ». Transportation Research Part D : Transport and Environment 23 (août 2013) : 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.03.013.

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Kitano, Mitsuru. « Ireland's Neutrality Policy and Japan's Alliance Policy ». Irish Studies in International Affairs 31, n^o 1 (2020) : 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isia.2020.0014.

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PATTEN, ALAN. « Liberal Neutrality and Language Policy ». Philosophy Public Affairs 31, n^o 4 (octobre 2003) : 356–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2003.00356.x.

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Nickerson, David. « A theorem on policy neutrality ». European Economic Review 28, n^o 3 (août 1985) : 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(85)80012-x.

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Raymond, Nathaniel A. « Medical Neutrality ». Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 25, n^o 4 (octobre 2002) : 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004479-200210000-00011.

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Acocella, Nicola, et Giovanni Di Bartolomeo. « Non-neutrality of monetary policy in policy games ». European Journal of Political Economy 20, n^o 3 (septembre 2004) : 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.06.001.

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Radojević, Slobodan, Milena Knežević et Dragan Bojanić. « The policy of neutrality and investment in the defence system ». Vojno delo 75, n^o 2 (2023) : 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2302014r.

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At a time when traditionally neutral countries in international relations, such as Finland and Sweden, decide to abandon this concept, it is necessary to reconsider the policy of neutrality of European countries, as well as costs and investment in the defence system. Analysing the case of the neutrality of Switzerland, Austria and the Republic of Serbia, the authors start from the policy of this concept and monitor the costs and investment in their defence system. Switzerland is the first country whose permanent neutrality is internationally recognized and is considered a model of the international and legal status of neutrality. Austrian neutrality is much younger and is the result of specific international relations. Among other things, Switzerland bases its policy of neutrality on the concept of armed neutrality and great investment in materiel, and Austria follows a similar pattern in the policy of neutrality. Although neutrality of each state is conditioned by various factors and marked by specificities, which should be taken into account when generalising, the authors believe that, despite changes in the structure of international politics and the expansion of the meaning and scope of security, great investment in the defense and security system is a guarantee of indisputability and sustainability of neutral states. Therefore, using comparative analysis of neutrality policies and comparing investment in defence systems, they conclude that the key to the concept of neutrality and armed deterrence is investment in materiel, which is of great importance for developing and strengthening the concept of the military neutrality of the Republic of Serbia.

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Laine, Jani, Jukka Heinonen et Seppo Junnila. « Pathways to Carbon-Neutral Cities Prior to a National Policy ». Sustainability 12, n^o 6 (20 mars 2020) : 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062445.

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Some cities have set carbon neutrality targets prior to national or state-wide neutrality targets, which makes the shift to carbon neutrality more difficult, as the surrounding system does not support this. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate different options for a progressive city to reach carbon neutrality in energy prior to the surrounding system. The study followed the C40 Cities definition of a carbon-neutral city and used the City of Vantaa in Finland as a progressive case aiming for carbon neutrality by 2030, five years before the national target for carbon neutrality. The study mapped the carbon neutrality process based on City documents and national statistics, and validated it through process-owner interviews. It was identified that most of the measures in the carbon neutrality process were actually outside the jurisdiction of the City, which outsources the responsibility for the majority of carbon neutrality actions to either private properties or national actors with broader boundaries. The only major measure in the City’s direct control was the removal of carbon emissions from municipal district heat production, which potentially represent 30% of the City’s reported carbon emissions and 58% of its energy-related carbon emissions. Interestingly, the City owns electricity production capacity within and beyond the city borders, but it doesn’t allocate it for itself. Allocation would significantly increase the control over the City’s own actions regarding carbon neutrality. Thus, it is proposed that cities aiming for carbon neutrality should promote and advance allocable carbon-free energy production, regardless of geographical location, as one of the central methods of achieving carbon neutrality.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Morrow, D. J. « Neutrality and foreign policy in Austria since 1955 ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659634.

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The thesis has four main contentions; 1. that neutrality has undergone a fundamental change since the advent of the Nuclear Age and that this is most apparent in neutral States whose neutrality is a product of the Second World War settlement. Within this, the importance of foreign policy has greatly increased. The legal doctrines established in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are no longer applicable in the former manner. 2. that Austria's common history with Germany, especially in the period 1938-45, has had a profound effect on the conduct of postwar Austrian foreign policy, directly affecting relations with neighbouring States and the victorious allies. Here too a disturbing divergence between the statements of the political establishment in Austria and political reality since 1955 emerges. The development of a global-scale foreign policy has been in part a response to the growing importance of markets in the developing world and partly a reaction to the stifling effects of this historical legacy. 3. that Austria's foreign policy is based on an unstable equilibrium between the status of permanent neutrality, which since 1955 has had to operate in the context of two ideologically opposed groups, and allegiance to liberal democracy and hence to one of the parties to this ideological conflict. One of the important functions of Austrian policy has been to prevent this reality from becoming the object of manipulation from abroad. This difficulty has been most apparent in the debates over detente and the E.E.C. 4. that the continuing success of Austria, along with other small States in manipulating the World System to their advantage suggests that pure 'realist' and 'world systems' models of international relations are oversimplistic.

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Morrow, Duncan. « Foreign policy and neutrality in Austria since 1955 ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19164.

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Pastrňáková, Zuzana. « Proměny rakouské neutrality ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124829.

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This thesis deals with the transformation of Austrian neutrality. Austria became neutral in 1955 because neutrality was seen as the most appropriate option for Austria to become an independent state. Austria has always appreciated its neutrality because it enabled an undisturbed development during the period of the Cold War. Only the European integration remained during this time a sensitive issue. After the Cold War, Austria started to redefine its neutrality to be able to join the European Union. It also started to participate in the Partnership for Peace. The decision to join NATO was finally not made. The end of this thesis assesses the impacts of the Treaty of Lisbon on the Austrian neutrality and shows the possible development of the neutral status of Austria.

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Salmon, Trevor. « Irish security policy : neutrality, non-aligned or 'sui generis' ? » Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3719.

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In this century the Irish have claimed, at critical moments, that they were neutral and that they have established a policy of traditional neutrality. In the last generation they have also claimed, on occasion, to be nonaligned. These claims are tested by identifying the true nature of neutrality and variables by which a state's claim to be neutral can be assessed, and by identifying the essence of nonalignment. That essence is inapplicable to developed European states. Given that neutrality per se can only apply in time of war, the variables are adjusted to reflect a peacetime policy 'for neutrality' in the event of war. For this purpose the model presented by three European neutral countries is examined and used to generate variables against which to test the Irish claims. The identified variables are: (i) due diligence with respect to neutral rights and duties; (ii) the extent to which Irish claims have been recognised by others; (iii) the disavowal of help by them and; (iv) the extent of their freedom of decision and action. In addition, and partly reflecting the claim to non-alignment, two other variables are used: (v) lack of isolationism, willingness to ameliorate world problems, and impartiality and; (vi) the attitude to identity, nation- building, unity, stability and self-determination. Ireland has consistently failed to meet the criteria associated with either 'of' or 'for' neutrality, whilst its record on variable (v) is mixed. Its concern with variable (vi) has been pervasive, but ineffectual. Nonetheless, Ireland has not been committed to co-belligerency, although neither non-aligned, neutral nor an alliance member. It is in a ‘sui generis' position, particularly, but not only, within the European Community.

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Mallinson, William David Eustratios. « Dutch foreign policy, 1948-1954 : from neutrality to commitment ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1142/.

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This thesis aims to explain why and how the Netherlands came to form part of the post-war Western security system and to support he rearmament of West Germany. It looks critically at how major post-war developments in Europe affected Dutch foreign policy, traditionally one of abstentionism, and considers the extent of Dutch influence in post-war Western cooperation. The Dutch attitude towards the process of German rearmament and to the Netherlands' own security needs is described and analysed. The considerable problems the Dutch had with Britain and the Unites States over Indonesia and the German question, and with Britain and the "European question", are set out and analysed, as are important aspects of Dutch-German relations, particularly the "annexation question" and trade. Important landmarks, and how the Dutch approached them, are dealt with. These are the Marshall Plan, the Brussels Treaty Organisation, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Council of Europe, the Schuman Plan and the Plieven Plan. The different attitudes of two Foreign Ministers, Dirk Stikker and Willem Beyen, towards the question of European integration, are analysed. The thesis concludes that Beyen laid less stress on the Atlantic partnership than did Stikker, and considerably more on European integration. Its final conclusion is that the Netherlands, although it decided to be a part of an alliance, still retained sufficient independence to influence events.

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Talcan, Igor. « Moldova Quo Vadis neutrality and European integration ? problems of policy / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FTalcan.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Knopf, Jeffrey ; Abenheim, Donald. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 13, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-124). Also available in print.

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Tsybrovska, Diana Serhiivna, et Діана Сергіївна Цибровська. « The Swedish Model of Neutrality policy : an experience for Ukraine ». Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51712.

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1.Шевченко А. Р. Принципове позиціонування окремих інституціональних питань зовнішньої політики Швеції / А.Р. Шевченко // Політ2010. Сучасні проблеми наук : зб. тез Х Міжнарод. наук.-практ. конф. молодих учених і студентів, (м. Київ, 7–9 квіт. 2010 р.). – К. : НАУ, 2010. – С. 192 2. Мельник О. Чернова А. Нові виклики та загрози вимагають нових підходів до оборони: досвід Швеції / Мельник О., Чернова А. - «Національна безпека і оборона» №1, 2009 р. - С.35. 3. Пабат А. Стратегічний менеджмент конкурентоспроможності національної економіки в перспективі євроінтеграції / А.Пабат, С.Хамініч // Економіст. - 2005. - № 12. - С.59- 62.
Considering the Swedish model of a “neutral” state as an experience for Ukraine, it should be noted that Sweden belongs to the small group of countries that build their foreign policy on the values of human rights, democracy and international cooperation.International law and democratic values are key principles that determine Sweden’s interests in relations with other countries. Sweden opposes isolationism and selfishness in international politics. According to the Swedish Foreign Ministry, Swedish foreign policy must remain active, fearless and constructive.At present, the main priority of the government’s foreign policy is to preserve a principled and cohesive European Union, Sweden’s “most important foreign policy arena.”
Розглядаючи шведську модель «нейтральної» держави як досвід для України, слід зазначити, що Швеція належить до невеликої групи країн, які будують свою зовнішню політику на цінностях прав людини, демократії та міжнародного співробітництва. цінності - це ключові принципи, що визначають інтереси Швеції у відносинах з іншими країнами. Швеція виступає проти ізоляціонізму та егоїзму в міжнародній політиці. На думку шведського МЗС, шведська зовнішня політика повинна залишатися активною, безстрашною та конструктивною. На сьогодні головним пріоритетом зовнішньої політики уряду є збереження принципового та згуртованого Європейського Союзу, "найважливішої зовнішньополітичної арени Швеції"

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Akbaba, Turgay. « FROM NEUTRALITY TO ACTIVE ALLIANCE : TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, 1945-1952 ». Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/282183.

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History
M.A.
Basing its foreign policy on the Wilsonian internationalism, the new Turkish Republic established good relations with countries around the world. It signed neutrality and friendship treaties, and pursued a neutral foreign policy. However, at the end of World War II, it abandoned its longtime neutral foreign policy and aimed to establish closer ties with the American-led West. This thesis examines how and why Turkey shifted its foreign policy from neutrality to active alliance. In the first half of the thesis, I closely deal with what role international developments played in that shift. First, I focus on how Josef Stalin's efforts to obtain bases and joint-control with Turkey over the Turkish Straits created a threat to Turkey's national security. Then, I explore how this threat forced Turkey to leave its neutral foreign policy and seek closer ties with the U.S. In the second half of the thesis, I examine how Turkey's search for economic aid and military commitment accelerated and intensified the shift from neutrality to active alliance. First, I focus on how Turkish officials aggressively sought economic assistance from the U.S. and how U.S. officials became resistant to the Turkish requests for additional aid beginning with the second half of 1947. Considering that Turkey was less vulnerable to the Soviet threat, U.S. officials judged that Turkey did not need aid as much as Western Europe did. In order to overcome the resistance, Turkish officials exaggerated the Soviet threat and used the problem of high defense spending. Then, I explore how Turkish officials sought a military commitment from the U.S. A U.S. military commitment could alleviate the problem of high defense spending and facilitate the flow of economic aid from the U.S. Therefore, Turkish officials carried on a diplomatic offensive to secure a military commitment from the U.S. In doing so, they distanced themselves from neutrality and became an institutional ally of the U.S. in 1952.
Temple University--Theses

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Briglauer, Wolfgang, Volker Stocker et Jason Whalley. « Public Policy Targets in EU Broadband Markets : The Role of Technological Neutrality ». Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6773/1/Briglauer_Whalley_Stocker.pdf.

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The European Commission has recently sought to substantially revise how it regulates the telecommunication industry, with a key goal being to incentivise investment in high-speed broadband networks. Ambitious goals to incentivise investment in high-speed broadband networks have been set across the European Union, initially in the "Digital Agenda for Europe" and more recently in its "Gigabit strategy". These goals reflect the view of many that there are widespread and significant socio-economic benefits associated with broadband. Our analysis explores the consequence of target setting at a European level, in terms of encouraging investment and picking which technology should be adopted within the context of technological neutrality. We demonstrate that while public policy targets might implicitly favour specific technologies, especially when gigabit targets are defined, the technological choices that occur within individual Member States are shaped by the complex and dynamic interaction between a series of path dependencies that may vary significantly across as well as within Member States. Adopting an ecosystem perspective, we propose a conceptual framework that identifies the key factors associated with technological neutrality and informs a rational decision-making process.
Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics

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Thompson, David G. « From Neutrality to NATO : The Norwegian Armed Forces and Defense Policy, 1905-1955 / ». The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935125881334.

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Livres sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Peter, Johnson. Neutrality, a policy for Britain. London : Temple Smith, 1985.

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Peter, Johnson. Neutrality, a policy for Britain. London : M.T. Smith, 1985.

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(Austria), Landesverteidigungsakademie, dir. New security policy : Solidarity - neutrality - cooperation. Vienna : National Defence Academy, 1994.

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Lacker, Jeffrey Malcolm. Money, interest rates, and neutrality. West Lafayette, Ind : Institute for Research in the Behavioral, Economic, and Management Sciences, Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University, 1986.

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Policy, Victoria Cabinet Office Competition. Competitive neutrality : A statement of Victorian government policy. Melbourne, Vic : Competition Policy, Cabinet Office, Dept. of Premier and Cabinet, 1996.

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Yegar, Moshe. Neutral policy--theory versus practice : Swedish-Israeli relations. Jerusalem : Israel Council on Foreign Relations, 1993.

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Smith, Stephen. Neutrality and subsidiarity in taxation. London : Kluwer Law International, 1996.

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Greenstein, Shane M. Economic experiments and neutrality in internet access. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Moore, Michael J. Financial innovation and the neutrality of money. London : Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1991.

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Barz, Andreas. Der Mythos Neutralität : Zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit eines politischen Konzepts. Pfaffenweiler : Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1992.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Andisha, Nasir A. « Neutrality in Afghanistan’s foreign policy ». Dans Neutrality and Vulnerable States, 84–98. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |Includes bibliographical references and index. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429459689-4.

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Church, Clive H. « Neutrality, Defence and Foreign Policy ». Dans The Politics and Government of Switzerland, 205–14. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509009_21.

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Czarny, Ryszard M. « The Policy of Active Neutrality ». Dans Sweden : From Neutrality to International Solidarity, 73–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77513-5_8.

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De Filippi, Primavera, et Félix Tréguer. « Wireless Community Networks : Towards a Public Policy for the Network Commons ? » Dans Net Neutrality Compendium, 261–70. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26425-7_19.

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Daly, Angela. « Net Neutrality in Australia : The Debate Continues, But No Policy in Sight ». Dans Net Neutrality Compendium, 141–55. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26425-7_12.

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Rushton, Michael. « Liberalism, Neutrality, and the Arts ». Dans New Directions in Cultural Policy Research, 41–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35106-8_3.

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Czarny, Ryszard M. « Evolution of the Policy of Neutrality ». Dans Sweden : From Neutrality to International Solidarity, 89–104. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77513-5_9.

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Czarny, Ryszard M. « Reform of Swedish Defense Policy ». Dans Sweden : From Neutrality to International Solidarity, 133–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77513-5_12.

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Payaslian, Simon. « War and Wilsonian Neutrality ». Dans United States Policy toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide, 46–57. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978400_4.

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Doenecke, Justus D. « Neutrality Policy and the Decision for War ». Dans A Companion to Woodrow Wilson, 241–69. Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118445693.ch13.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Putri, Dinda Claudia Eka, et Siti Rokhmawati Susanto. « Domestic Politics Analysis of Swedish Post-cold War Neutrality Policy ». Dans Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010278804620468.

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« Global trend of carbon neutrality and South Korea’s agricultural policy ». Dans FFTC 50th Anniversary Symposium : Making Agri-Food Systems Sustainable. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/bptv5210.

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Garcez Schaurich, Vinicius, Marcio Barbosa de Carvalho et Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville. « ISPANN : A Policy-Based ISP Auditor for Network Neutrality Violation Detection ». Dans 2018 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aina.2018.00155.

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Wang, Juyi. « The Impact of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” Policy on Automobile Industry ». Dans 2022 International Conference on Creative Industry and Knowledge Economy (CIKE 2022). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220404.023.

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Özgüven Tayfun, Nihan. « International Trade and Green Economy : Costa Rica Example ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02811.

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This study investigates the interplay between international trade, green economy policies, and the pursuit of carbon neutrality in Costa Rica, a country committed to sustainability and carbon neutrality by 2050. By exploring Costa Rica's participation in global green value chains and its domestic policies, this research outlines the role these factors play in reducing carbon emissions. Despite facing challenges such as infrastructure requirements and access to capital for green businesses, opportunities abound in sectors such as renewable energy, eco-innovation, and sustainable agriculture. The study concludes that with continued commitment and strategic policy intervention, Costa Rica's model can provide a blueprint for sustainable development and carbon neutrality that can resonate globally.

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Cheng, An-Shou, Kenneth R. Fleischmann, Ping Wang, Emi Ishita et Douglas W. Oard. « Values of Stakeholders in the Net Neutrality Debate : Applying Content Analysis to Telecommunications Policy ». Dans 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2010.434.

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Susanto, Eko Harry, Ahmad Junaidi, Farid Rusdi et Dennis Akbar Satrio. « Cyber Media Policy on Diversity : Carefulness and Neutrality for the Sustainability of the News Coverage ». Dans International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.089.

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Liao, Yuhong, Xinyi Li, Yaya Wan et Zhenfei Zhan. « Analytic Study of China’s Latest New Energy Vehicle Market Subsidies in Facing of the Carbon Neutrality Goal ». Dans WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0742.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent years, aimed to promote the improvement of China’s new energy vehicle market, a series of incentive policies issued by the Chinese government: including the new energy vehicle subsidy policy, the double credit policy, and the charging pile infrastructure subsidy.Relevant research on new energy vehicle industry is mainly ground on multi-stage game, this paper employs multi-agent games theory, and summarizes the multi-agent decision-making optimization method in differential game based on dynamic programming and reinforcement learning. Then, in the context of new energy vehicles, research and improve the industrial policy of new energy vehicles through this method.A multi-agent differential game decision-making optimization framework is proposed. Complex multi-agent differential game decisions can be solved using the dynamic programming solver or deep reinforcement learning solver in this framework. Case studies and some observations will be given in the end.</div></div>

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Li, Meijuan, et Lei Hou. « Controversy over the Policy of Network Neutrality and Analysis of the Development Status Quo of Developed Countries ». Dans 2018 2nd International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-18.2018.163.

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Carcassi, Olga Beatrice, Guillaume Habert, Laura Elisabetta Malighetti et Francesco Pittau. « How can a Climate-Neutral Building Look Like ? » Dans 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland : Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.279.

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The climate crisis is urging us to act fast. Buildings are a key leverage point to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the embodied emissions related with their construction remain often the hidden challenge of any ambitious policy. Considering that a complete material substitution is not possible, we explore in this paper a material GHG compensation where fast-growing bio-based insulation materials are used to compensate building elements that necessarily release GHG. Looking for analogies with other human activities, different material diets as well as different building typologies are modelled to assess the consequences in term of bio-based insulation requirement to reach climate-neutrality. The material diets are defined according to the gradual use of herbaceous materials, from the insulation up to the structural level: omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan. Our results show the relationship in terms of volume between the climate intensive materials and the climate-negative ones needed to neutralize the overall building GHG emissions. Moreover, they suggest how climate-neutral building can look like and that it is possible to have climate-neutral buildings with wall thickness within the range of current construction practices.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Neutrality policy"

Harangozó, Dániel. A Balancing Act ? Serbia’s Military Neutrality : Concept and Implementation. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.69.

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The aim of present study is to provide a concise review of Serbia’s military neutrality, both the conditions of its “genesis” in 2007 and its “operationalization” in form of strategic documents and military cooperation during the period of Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) government (2012-2021), with special emphasis on the presidency of Aleksandar Vučić (2017-2021). The paper concluded that the “genesis” and maintenance of Serbian neutrality is due to both internal political considerations, as well as Serbian diplomatic exigencies with regards to the unresolved status of Kosovo. The long-term sustainability of Serbian neutrality policy, however, cannot be taken for granted. The delicate „balancing act” between the West, Russia, and increasingly, China, might not be sustainable in the future if relations between the West (and in particular, the EU) and China or Russia, deteriorate further, or when Serbia’s EU accession process enters its „final stretch”.

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Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús, Joël Marbet, Galo Nuño et Omar Rachedi. Inequality and the zero lower bound. Madrid : Banco de España, février 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36133.

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This paper studies how household inequality shapes the effects of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates on aggregate dynamics. To do so, we consider a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with an occasionally binding ZLB and solve for its fully non-linear stochastic equilibrium using a novel neural network algorithm. In this setting, changes in the monetary policy stance influence households’precautionary savings by altering the frequency of ZLB events. As a result, the model features monetary policy non-neutrality in the long run. The degree of long-run non-neutrality, i.e., by how much monetary policy shifts real rates in the ergodic distribution of the model, can be substantial when we combine low inflation targets and high levels of wealth inequality.

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Harangozó, Dániel. Serbia and the Russia–Ukraine War : Implications and Challenges I. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.63.

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The outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine war in February 2022 has had a marked effect on the Western Balkan region. Among the countries of this region, Serbia is in a unique situation due to its military neutrality, and the fact that it follows a balancing foreign policy between the Western powers on the one hand, and Russia, Turkey, and China on the other hand, also maintaining close political and security ties with these three powers. The present paper reviews the challenges that have faced the country since the outbreak of the war in terms foreign, security, and defence policy. It answers three questions: how Serbian foreign policy has reacted to the international sanctions on Russia enacted in the wake of the invasion, what challenges Serbian military neutrality or non- alignment has faced since the outbreak of the war, and how the war and international sanctions have affected Serbian-Russian defence cooperation.

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Keller, David P., Sandra Ketelhake, Judith Meyer, Barbara Neumann, Andreas Oschlies, Alexander Proelß et Wilfried Rickels. Achieving Climate Neutrality and Paris Agreement Goals : Opportunities for Ocean-Based Methods of Carbon Dioxide Removal, Science Policy Brief. CDRmare, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cdrmare.oceannets_1.

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Rákos, András Dominik. Poland and the European Green Deal : On Track Towards Peaceful Coexistence ? Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.64.

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Following the adoption of the European Green Deal, the traditionally reluctant position of the government of Poland regarding climate neutrality is showing ruptures and has become controversial. The aim of this policy brief is to assess the structural and discursive elements shaping the climate and energy policy of the Polish government. The paper uses a mixed methodology of literature review and qualitative content analysis involving official statements issued by three government bodies between 1 September and 31 December, 2021. The study finds that the reluctance of the Polish government is maintained by frames that presume an incompatibility between ambitious climate action and the will of ‘the people’, as well as structures that can be characterised by a state capture of the energy sector and the dominance of pro-coal actors.

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Okisatari, Mahesti, et Upalat Korwatanasakul. Leaving No One Behind in Carbon Neutrality Strategies : Insights from Developing Countries in Asia and the Pacific. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, avril 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/zfhc4987.

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This policy brief offers strategies to operationalise the principle of 'leaving no one behind' (LNOB) in climate policies, focusing on developing countries. It is based on key areas of progress identified in the long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LTSs) of eight developing countries in Asia and the Pacific. Recommendations: (i) sustain decent work and reinforce labour rights to mitigate disruptions caused by the transition; (ii) combine climate initiatives with social protection measures to maintain an adequate standard of living for all; (iii) promote investments in inclusive climate projects and establish financial inclusion regulations; and (iv) establish a people-centred and gender-sensitive monitoring, reporting, and evaluation process.

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Manning, Nick, et Mariano Lafuente. Leadership and Capacity Building for Public Sector Executives : Proceedings from the 2nd Policy and Knowledge Summit between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007965.

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This discussion paper summarizes the proceedings at the Second China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit, focusing on leadership and capacity building for public sector executives. The event, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Inter-American Development Bank, was held in Beijing and Shanghai, China in 2015. The paper discusses practices related to the management and training of public executives in China, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Peru, and provides a general context for these practices in OECD and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The Summit identified common challenges among the countries, despite the obvious differences in terms of size and history, such as finding a balance between political neutrality and technical capacity and ensuring high ethical standards to address low citizen trust in the public sector.

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Giacometti, Alberto, et Hilma Salonen. Championing sustainable construction using timber in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordregio, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:7.2001-3876.

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Timber construction can radically cut carbon emissions. The construction sector is accountable for c. 40% of global emissions, a third of which comes from the production of building materials. Replacing concrete and steel with timber offers a huge opportunity to reach the carbon neutrality goals. Nordic and Baltic countries have a unique advantage in leading the way, given the vast forest resources available, a long legacy of the forestry industry and wood building, the in-built industrial capacity, and the well-functioning and interlinked supply chains across the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Yet, decisive policy measures are needed to overcome technical, regulatory, and cultural obstacles. Challenging the status quo and creating a market shift demands holistic and collaborative approaches that can enable systemic change, as well as targeted measures to navigate through country-specific obstacles.

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Clavet, Nicholas-James, Réjean Hébert et Pierre-Carl Michaud. The future of long-term care in Quebec : what are the cost savings from a realistic shift towards more home care ? CIRANO, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/zrzh8256.

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This paper aims to estimate the future long-term care needs and expenditures in Quebec while proposing and evaluating a reform package that could deliver increased coverage as well as be more financially sustainable than current policy. This reform package consists of a shift towards more intensive use of home care while increasing public coverage of care needs. A key feature of the proposed reform is to improve the ability of users to choose their provider with the creation of a senior’s care account, an account that grants individuals in need to purchase services from several providers, including both home and institutional care. To improve the neutrality of public support across care arrangements, we also propose to increase residents’ contribution in nursing homes while favoring the continued use of existing tax credits to help seniors with lower needs in terms of care. Using detailed dynamic modelling of care needs, living arrangements, and expenditures, we estimate that long-term care needs will grow rapidly in the next two decades and the costs will quickly become prohibitive under current policy. We show that substantial cost savings may exist.

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