Articles de revues : « Neural substrate »

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Alderton, Gemma. "The neural substrate of memory." Science 367, no. 6473 (2020): 36.9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6473.36-i.

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FRIEDMAN, ERNEST H. "Neural Substrate of Empathic Communication." American Journal of Psychiatry 146, no. 6 (1989): 817—a—817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.6.817-a.

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Abdul Sahli, Fakharudin, Zainol Norazwina, and Dzulkefli Noor Athirah. "Application of Artificial Neural Network to Improve Pleurotus sp. Cultivation Modelling." MATEC Web of Conferences 255 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925502010.

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Mathematical modelling for nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) during Pleurotus sp. cultivation had successfully been produced using multiple linear regression. Two different substrates were used to cultivate the Pleurotus sp. which were empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). Both substrates were collected and prepared as the selected factors which were type of substrate (SB - A and EFB - B), size of substrates (0.5 cm and 2.5 cm), mass ratio of spawn to substrate (SP/SS) (1:10 and 1:14), temperature during spawn running (25°C and ambient) and pre-treatment of substrates (steam and non-steam). The response was nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N). This paper presents the application of artificial neural network to improve the modelling process. Artificial neural network is one of the machine learning method which use the cultivation process information and extract the pattern from the data. Neural network ability to learn pattern by changing the connection weight had produced a trained network which represent the Pleurotus sp. cultivation process. Next this trained network was validated using error measurement to determine the modelling accuracy. The results show that the artificial neural network modelling produced better results with higher accuracy and lower error when compared to the mathematical modelling.

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Morra, J. T. "The Neural Substrate of Disappointment Revealed?" Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 40 (2007): 10647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3026-07.2007.

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KALIVAS, PETER W. "NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF SENSITIZATION TO PSYCHOSTIMULANTS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 648A—649A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199201001-00335.

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Murtha, Susan, Howard Chertkow, Mario Beauregard, and Alan Evans. "The Neural Substrate of Picture Naming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (1999): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892999563508.

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A PET study of 10 normal males was carried out using the bolus H215O intravenous injection technique to examine the effects of picture naming and semantic judgment on blood flow. In a series of conditions, subjects (1) passively viewed flashing plus signs, (2) noted the occurrence of abstract patterns, (3) named animal pictures, or (4) carried out a semantic judgment on animal pictures. Anticipatory scans were carried out after the subjects were presented with the instructions but before they began the cognitive task, as they were passively viewing plus signs. Our results serve to clarify a number of current controversies regarding the neural substrate of picture naming. The results indicate that the fusiform gyrus is unlikely to be the region where low-level perceptual processing such as shape analysis is undertaken. In fact, our evidence suggests that activation of the fusiform gyrus is most likely related to visual perceptual semantic processing. In addition, the inferior/middle frontal lobe activity observed while performing the picture naming and semantic judgment tasks does not appear to be due to the effects of anticipation or preparation. Furthermore, there appears to be a set of regions (a semantic network) that becomes activated regardless of whether the subjects perform a picture naming or semantic judgment task. Finally, picture naming of animals did not activate either parietal regions or anterior inferior left temporal regions, regardless of what subtraction baseline was used.

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Griffiths, T. D. "A neural substrate for musical hallucinosis." Neurocase 3, no. 3 (1997): 167a—172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/3.3.167-a.

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Lévesque, Johanne, Yves Joanette, Boualem Mensour, Pierre Bourgouin, and Mario Beauregard. "Neural substrate of sadness in children." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (2001): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91782-3.

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Villarreal, Mirta, Esteban A. Fridman, Alejandra Amengual, et al. "The neural substrate of gesture recognition." Neuropsychologia 46, no. 9 (2008): 2371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.004.

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Griffiths, T. D., M. C. Jackson, J. A. Spillane, K. J. Friston, and R. S. J. Frackowiak. "A neural substrate for musical hallucinosis." Neurocase 3, no. 3 (1997): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554799708404051.

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Kavanau, J. Lee. "Conservative behavioural evolution, the neural substrate." Animal Behaviour 39, no. 4 (1990): 758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80387-2.

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Burstein, Rami, and M. Jakubowski. "Neural substrate of depression during migraine." Neurological Sciences 30, S1 (2009): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-009-0061-7.

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Kim, Woo Jin, Eun Joo Yang, and Nam-Jong Paik. "Neural Substrate Responsible for Crossed Aphasia." Journal of Korean Medical Science 28, no. 10 (2013): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1529.

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Mather, George. "Motion perception: behavior and neural substrate." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 2, no. 3 (2010): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.110.

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Rutten, W. L. C., T. G. Ruardij, E. Marani, and B. H. Roelofsen. "Cultured Neural Networks: Optimization of Patterned Network Adhesiveness and Characterization of their Neural Activity." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3, no. 1 (2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/251713.

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One type of future, improved neural interface is the “cultured probe”. It is a hybrid type of neural information transducer or prosthesis, for stimulation and/or recording of neural activity. It would consist of a microelectrode array (MEA) on a planar substrate, each electrode being covered and surrounded by a local circularly confined network (“island”) of cultured neurons. The main purpose of the local networks is that they act as biofriendly intermediates for collateral sprouts from thein vivosystem, thus allowing for an effective and selective neuron–electrode interface. As a secondary purpose, one may envisage future information processing applications of these intermediary networks. In this paper, first, progress is shown on how substrates can be chemically modified to confine developing networks, cultured from dissociated rat cortex cells, to “islands” surrounding an electrode site. Additional coating of neurophobic, polyimide-coated substrate by triblock-copolymer coating enhances neurophilic-neurophobic adhesion contrast. Secondly, results are given on neuronal activity in patterned, unconnected and connected, circular “island” networks. For connected islands, the larger the island diameter (50, 100 or 150 μm), the more spontaneous activity is seen. Also, activity may show a very high degree of synchronization between two islands. For unconnected islands, activity may start at 22 days in vitro (DIV), which is two weeks later than in unpatterned networks.

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Djordjević, Katarina Lj, Dragana K. Markushev, Marica N. Popović, et al. "Photoacoustic Characterization of TiO2 Thin-Films Deposited on Silicon Substrate Using Neural Networks." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072865.

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In this paper, the possibility of determining the thermal, elastic and geometric characteristics of a thin TiO2 film deposited on a silicon substrate, with a thickness of 30 μm, in the frequency range of 20 to 20 kHz with neural networks were analysed. For this purpose, the geometric (thickness), thermal (thermal diffusivity, coefficient of linear expansion) and electronic parameters of substrates were known and constant in the two-layer model, while the following nano-layer thin-film parameters were changed: thickness, expansion and thermal diffusivity. Predictions of these three parameters of the thin-film were analysed separately with three neural networks. All of them together were joined by a fourth neural network. It was shown that the neural network, which analysed all three parameters at the same time, achieved the highest accuracy, so the use of networks that provide predictions for only one parameter is less reliable. The obtained results showed that the application of neural networks in determining the thermoelastic properties of a thin film on a supporting substrate enables the estimation of its characteristics with great accuracy.

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Giulietti, Nicola, Silvia Discepolo, Paolo Castellini, and Milena Martarelli. "Correction of Substrate Spectral Distortion in Hyper-Spectral Imaging by Neural Network for Blood Stain Characterization." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197311.

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In the recent past, hyper-spectral imaging has found widespread application in forensic science, performing both geometric characterization of biological traces and trace classification by exploiting their spectral emission. Methods proposed in the literature for blood stain analysis have been shown to be effectively limited to collaborative surfaces. This proves to be restrictive in real-case scenarios. The problem of the substrate material and color is then still an open issue for blood stain analysis. This paper presents a novel method for blood spectra correction when contaminated by the influence of the substrate, exploiting a neural network-based approach. Blood stains hyper-spectral images deposited on 12 different substrates for 12 days at regular intervals were acquired via a hyper-spectral camera. The data collected were used to train and test the developed neural network model. Starting from the spectra of a blood stain deposited in a generic substrate, the algorithm at first recognizes whether it is blood or not, then allows to obtain the spectra that the same blood stain, at the same time, would have on a reference white substrate with a mean absolute percentage error of 1.11%. Uncertainty analysis has also been performed by comparing the ground truth reflectance spectra with the predicted ones by the neural model.

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Runyan, R. B., G. D. Maxwell, and B. D. Shur. "Evidence for a novel enzymatic mechanism of neural crest cell migration on extracellular glycoconjugate matrices." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 2 (1986): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.2.432.

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Migrating embryonic cells have high levels of cell surface galactosyltransferase (GalTase) activity. It has been proposed that GalTase participates during migration by recognizing and binding to terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues on glycoconjugates within the extracellular matrix (Shur, B. D., 1982, Dev. Biol. 91:149-162). We tested this hypothesis using migrating neural crest cells as an in vitro model system. Cell surface GalTase activity was perturbed using three independent sets of reagents, and the effects on cell migration were analyzed by time-lapse microphotography. The GalTase modifier protein, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), was used to inhibit surface GalTase binding to terminal GlcNAc residues in the underlying substrate. alpha-LA inhibited neural crest cell migration on basal lamina-like matrices in a dose-dependent manner, while under identical conditions, alpha-LA had no effect on cell migration on fibronectin. Control proteins, such as lysozyme (structurally homologous to alpha-LA) and bovine serum albumin, did not effect migration on either matrix. Second, the addition of competitive GalTase substrates significantly inhibited neural crest cell migration on basal lamina-like matrices, but as above, had no effect on migration on fibronectin. Comparable concentrations of inappropriate sugars also had no effect on cell migration. Third, addition of the GalTase catalytic substrate, UDPgalactose, produced a dose-dependent increase in the rate of cell migration. Under identical conditions, the inappropriate sugar nucleotide, UDPglucose, had no effect. Quantitative enzyme assays confirmed the presence of GalTase substrates in basal lamina matrices, their absence in fibronectin matrices, and the ability of alpha-LA to inhibit GalTase activity towards basal lamina substrates. Laminin was found to be a principle GalTase substrate in the basal lamina, and when tested in vitro, alpha-LA inhibited cell migration on laminin. Together, these experiments show that neural crest cells have at least two distinct mechanisms for interacting with the substrate during migration, one that is fibronectin-dependent and one that uses GalTase recognition of basal lamina glycoconjugates.

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Gilissen, Emmanuel. "Aspects of human language: Where motherese?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 4 (2004): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04340112.

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Human language is a peculiar primate communication tool because of its large neocortical substrate, comparable to the structural substrates of cognitive systems. Although monkey calls and human language rely on different structures, neural substrate for human language emotional coding, prosody, and intonation is already part of nonhuman primate vocalization circuitry. Motherese could be an aspect of language at the crossing or at the origin of communicative and cognitive content.

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Saha, Krishanu, Albert J. Keung, Elizabeth F. Irwin, et al. "Substrate Modulus Directs Neural Stem Cell Behavior." Biophysical Journal 95, no. 9 (2008): 4426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.108.132217.

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Lin, Zhenglong, Jiajia Yang, Xiujun Li, et al. "Similar neural substrate for font size processing." Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering 04, no. 999 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213385204666160317002045.

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Licea-Haquet, G. L., A. Reyes-Aguilar, S. Alcauter, and M. Giordano. "The Neural Substrate of Speech Act Recognition." Neuroscience 471 (September 2021): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.020.

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Domi, Esi, Li Xu, Sanne Toivainen, et al. "A neural substrate of compulsive alcohol use." Science Advances 7, no. 34 (2021): eabg9045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg9045.

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Alcohol intake remains controlled in a majority of users but becomes “compulsive,” i.e., continues despite adverse consequences, in a minority who develop alcohol addiction. Here, using a footshock-punished alcohol self-administration procedure, we screened a large population of outbred rats to identify those showing compulsivity operationalized as punishment-resistant self-administration. Using unsupervised clustering, we found that this behavior emerged as a stable trait in a subpopulation of rats and was associated with activity of a brain network that included central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Activity of PKCδ+ inhibitory neurons in the lateral subdivision of CeA (CeL) accounted for ~75% of variance in punishment-resistant alcohol taking. Activity-dependent tagging, followed by chemogenetic inhibition of neurons activated during punishment-resistant self-administration, suppressed alcohol taking, as did a virally mediated shRNA knockdown of PKCδ in CeA. These findings identify a previously unknown mechanism for a core element of alcohol addiction and point to a novel candidate therapeutic target.

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Jung, Sieun, Myungsun Lee, Dong-Yoon Kim, et al. "A forebrain neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation." Neuron 110, no. 2 (2022): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.039.

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Grätsch, Swantje, François Auclair, Olivier Demers, et al. "A Brainstem Neural Substrate for Stopping Locomotion." Journal of Neuroscience 39, no. 6 (2018): 1044–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1992-18.2018.

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Cornette, L., P. Dupont, E. Salmon, and Guy A. Orban. "The Neural Substrate of Orientation Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 6 (2001): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290152541476.

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We have used positron emission tomography (PET) to identify the neural substrate of two major cognitive components of working memory (WM), maintenance and manipulation of a single elementary visual attribute, i.e., the orientation of a grating presented in central vision. This approach allowed us to equate difficulty across tasks and prevented subjects from using verbal strategies or vestibular cues. Maintenance of orientations involved a distributed fronto-parietal network, that is, left and right lateral superior frontal sulcus (SFSl), bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), bilateral precuneus, and right superior parietal lobe (SPL). A more medial superior frontal sulcus region (SFSm) was identified as being instrumental in the manipulative operation of updating orientations retained in the WM. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that orientation WM relies on a coordinated interaction between frontal and parietal regions. In general, the current findings confirm the distinction between maintenance and manipulative processes, highlight the functional heterogeneity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and suggest a more dynamic view of WM as a process requiring the coordinated interaction of anatomically distinct brain areas.

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Goddard, Graham V. "Learning: A step nearer a neural substrate." Nature 319, no. 6056 (1986): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319721a0.

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Shergill, Sukhi S., Lucy A. Cameron, Mick Brammer, Steve Williams, Robin Murray, and Philip McGuire. "Somatic hallucinations in schizophrenia: the neural substrate." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (2000): S225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91157-1.

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Gariepy, J. F., K. Missaghi, S. Chevallier, et al. "Specific neural substrate linking respiration to locomotion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 2 (2011): E84—E92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113002109.

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Schultz, W., P. Dayan, and P. R. Montague. "A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward." Science 275, no. 5306 (1997): 1593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5306.1593.

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Franklin, K. B. J. "Analgesia and the neural substrate of reward." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 13, no. 2-3 (1989): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(89)80024-7.

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Warraich, Zuha, and Jeffrey A. Kleim. "Neural Plasticity: The Biological Substrate For Neurorehabilitation." PM&R 2 (December 2010): S208—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.016.

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Wilson, V. J., and R. H. Schor. "The neural substrate of the vestibulocollic reflex." Experimental Brain Research 129, no. 4 (1999): 0483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050918.

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Rodrı´guez, V., R. Thompson, and J. Duncan. "79. Neural substrate of face conscious perception." Clinical Neurophysiology 119, no. 9 (2008): e119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.04.095.

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Nakana, Shun, and Yoshiaki Kikuchi. "Neural Substrate of Unconscious Visuo-Spatial Perception." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 79 (September 22, 2015): 2EV—063–2EV—063. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.79.0_2ev-063.

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Modi, R. M., and W. V. Voit. "High-density neural interface on softening substrate." Brain Stimulation 10, no. 2 (2017): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.335.

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Greenfield, Patricia M., and Kristen Gillespie-Lynch. "Intersubjectivity evolved to fit the brain, but grammar co-evolved with the brain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 5 (2008): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005141.

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AbstractWe propose that some aspects of language – notably intersubjectivity – evolved to fit the brain, whereas other aspects – notably grammar – co-evolved with the brain. Cladistic analysis indicates that common basic structures of both action and grammar arose in phylogeny six million years ago and in ontogeny before age two, with a shared prefrontal neural substrate. In contrast, mirror neurons, found in both humans and monkeys, suggest that the neural basis for intersubjectivity evolved before language. Natural selection acts upon genes controlling the neural substrates of these phenotypic language functions.

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Hall, D. E., K. M. Neugebauer, and L. F. Reichardt. "Embryonic neural retinal cell response to extracellular matrix proteins: developmental changes and effects of the cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT)." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 3 (1987): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.3.623.

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Cell attachment and neurite outgrowth by embryonic neural retinal cells were measured in separate quantitative assays to define differences in substrate preference and to demonstrate developmentally regulated changes in cellular response to different extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Cells attached to laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV in a concentration-dependent fashion, though fibronectin was less effective for attachment than the other two substrates. Neurite outgrowth was much more extensive on laminin than on fibronectin or collagen IV. These results suggest that different substrates have distinct effects on neuronal differentiation. Neural retinal cell attachment and neurite outgrowth were inhibited on all three substrates by two antibodies, cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT) and JG22, which recognize a cell surface glycoprotein complex required for cell interactions with several extracellular matrix constituents. In addition, retinal cells grew neurites on substrates coated with the CSAT antibodies. These results suggest that cell surface molecules recognized by this antibody are directly involved in cell attachment and neurite extension. Neural retinal cells from embryos of different ages varied in their capacity to interact with extracellular matrix substrates. Cells of all ages, embryonic day 6 (E6) to E12, attached to collagen IV and CSAT antibody substrates. In contrast, cell attachment to laminin and fibronectin diminished with increasing embryonic age. Age-dependent differences were found in the profile of proteins precipitated by the CSAT antibody, raising the possibility that modifications of these proteins are responsible for the dramatic changes in substrate preference of retinal cells between E6 and E12.

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Chang, S., F. G. Rathjen, and J. A. Raper. "Extension of neurites on axons is impaired by antibodies against specific neural cell surface glycoproteins." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 2 (1987): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.2.355.

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We have developed an in vitro assay which measures the ability of growth cones to extend on an axonal substrate. Neurite lengths were compared in the presence or absence of monovalent antibodies against specific neural cell surface glycoproteins. Fab fragments of antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, have an insignificant effect on the lengths of neurites elongating on either an axonal substrate or a laminin substrate. Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies against two new neural cell surface antigens, defined by mAb G4 and mAb F11, decrease the lengths of neurites elongating on an axonal substrate, but have no effect on the lengths of neurites elongating on a laminin substrate. G4 antigen is related to mouse L1, while F11 antigen appears to be distinct from all known neural cell surface glycoproteins. Our results suggest that the G4 and F11 antigens help to promote the extension of growth cones on axons.

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Clément, Jean-Pierre, Laila Al-Alwan, Stephen D. Glasgow, et al. "Dendritic Polyglycerol Amine: An Enhanced Substrate to Support Long-Term Neural Cell Culture." ASN Neuro 14 (January 2022): 175909142110732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914211073276.

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Long-term stable cell culture is a critical tool to better understand cell function. Most adherent cell culture models require a polymer substrate coating of poly-lysine or poly-ornithine for the cells to adhere and survive. However, polypeptide-based substrates are degraded by proteolysis and it remains a challenge to maintain healthy cell cultures for extended periods of time. Here, we report the development of an enhanced cell culture substrate based on a coating of dendritic polyglycerol amine (dPGA), a non-protein macromolecular biomimetic of poly-lysine, to promote the adhesion and survival of neurons in cell culture. We show that this new polymer coating provides enhanced survival, differentiation and long-term stability for cultures of primary neurons or neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Atomic force microscopy analysis provides evidence that greater nanoscale roughness contributes to the enhanced capacity of dPGA-coated surfaces to support cells in culture. We conclude that dPGA is a cytocompatible, functionally superior, easy to use, low cost and highly stable alternative to poly-cationic polymer cell culture substrate coatings such as poly-lysine and poly-ornithine. Summary statement Here, we describe a novel dendritic polyglycerol amine-based substrate coating, demonstrating superior performance compared to current polymer coatings for long-term culture of primary neurons and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.

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Sha, Pengxing, Chushu Zhu, Tianran Wang, Peitao Dong, and Xuezhong Wu. "Detection and Identification of Pesticides in Fruits Coupling to an Au–Au Nanorod Array SERS Substrate and RF-1D-CNN Model Analysis." Nanomaterials 14, no. 8 (2024): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14080717.

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In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au–Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array using a galvanic cell reaction. The incorporation of a granular structure enhanced both the number and intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots on the substrate, thereby elevating the SERS performance beyond that of substrates composed solely of an Au nanorod. Calculations using the finite difference time domain method confirmed the generation of a strong electromagnetic field around the nanoparticles. Motivated by the electromotive force, Au ions in the chloroauric acid solution were reduced to form nanostructures on the nanorod array. The size and distribution density of these granular nanostructures could be modulated by varying the reaction time and the concentration of chloroauric acid. The resulting Au–Au nanorod array substrate exhibited an active, uniform, and reproducible SERS effect. With 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene as the probe molecule, the detection sensitivity of the Au–Au nanorod array substrate was enhanced to 10−11 M, improving by five orders of magnitude over the substrate consisting only of an Au nanorod array. For a practical application, this substrate was utilized for the detection of pesticides, including thiram, thiabendazole, carbendazim, and phosmet, within the concentration range of 10−4 to 5 × 10−7 M. An analytical model combining a random forest and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, referring to the important variable-one-dimensional convolutional neural network model, was developed for the precise identification of thiram. This approach demonstrated significant potential for biochemical sensing and rapid on-site identification.

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Funamizu, Akihiro. "Neural Substrate and Computation for Perceptual Decision Making." Brain & Neural Networks 27, no. 3-4 (2020): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3902/jnns.27.165.

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Stukel, Jessica M., and Rebecca Kuntz Willits. "Mechanotransduction of Neural Cells Through Cell–Substrate Interactions." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 22, no. 3 (2016): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0380.

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Dreher, J. C., and K. F. Berman. "Fractionating the neural substrate of cognitive control processes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 22 (2002): 14595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222193299.

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Chambon, Valerian, Dorit Wenke, Stephen M. Fleming, Wolfgang Prinz, and Patrick Haggard. "An Online Neural Substrate for Sense of Agency." Cerebral Cortex 23, no. 5 (2012): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs059.

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Flor, Herta, Werner Mühlnickel, Anke Karl, et al. "A neural substrate for nonpainful phantom limb phenomena." NeuroReport 11, no. 7 (2000): 1407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200005150-00011.

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Mcquoid, Malcolm R. J., and Chris H. Dobbyn. "A Dynamic Neural Substrate and Automatic Perception Switching." Connection Science 8, no. 1 (1996): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095400996116956.

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Condy, C., S. Rivaud-Pechoux, F. Ostendorf, C. J. Ploner, and B. Gaymard. "Neural substrate of antisaccades: Role of subcortical structures." Neurology 63, no. 9 (2004): 1571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000142990.44979.5a.

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Murray, R. M., A. Englund, A. Abi-Dargham, et al. "Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact." Neuropharmacology 124 (September 2017): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018.

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King, Andrew J. "Auditory system: A neural substrate for frequency selectivity?" Current Biology 8, no. 1 (1998): R25—R27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70012-0.

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