Thèses : « Neora Valley national park »

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Rai, Prem Chandra. « Survey of the flora of Neora Valley national park in Darjeeling, west Bengal, India ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/879.

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Dickerman, Arielle Grace. « Cuyahoga Valley : Creating a Park for the People ». Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors161849913860053.

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Marcum, Douglas J. Marcum. « Mammal assemblages of Cuyahoga Valley National Park : an update after 30 years ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511221166965832.

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Salem, Nidal Eleanor. « Using Design Thinking to Explore Millennial Segmentation Gaps and Improve Relevancy within Cuyahoga Valley National Park ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524496515760127.

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Suzuoki, Yukihiro. « Human Impacts Study on Cuyahoga Valley National Park using GIS and Remote Sensing ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216649639.

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Ouellet, Richard Andre. « Tales of empowerment : cultural continuity within an evolving identity in the Upper Athabasca valley / ». Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2617.

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Dinehart, Simon K. « The effects of Disturbance on Aquatic Breeding Amphibians within the Cuyahoga Valley National Park ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1133815626.

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Bradley, Catherine McCarthy 1953. « Attitudes of Verde Valley residents toward the presence of National Park Service units in the area ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278032.

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The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes of Verde Valley residents toward the presence of National Park Service (NPS) units in the area. The study area is largely undeveloped rural land which includes a perennial riparian expanse along the Verde River in central Arizona. Three National Park Service units protect significant local archaeological relics. The general public and local land use decision makers were polled, using random mail surveys and telephone interviews, to determine local values toward economic, visual, cultural, historic and natural resource issues. Responses from each group were compiled and compared for similarities and significant divergence. Results indicate this is a fairly satisfied community which highly values local natural and scenic resources but values the cultural/historic resources to a lesser degree. Results also indicate a lack of association between the relationship of the Verde River and other natural resources with the presence of NPS units.

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Wilson, Philip James. « GIS concepts and capabilities needed to support Kluane National Park Reserve management planning : The Alsek River valley pilot study ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9516.

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Parks Canada uses park management planning to put into practice the dual mandate of protecting environmentally significant areas and providing for recreational activities within those areas. A park management plan lays out the objectives and strategies to indicate how each national park will protect and represent its natural and cultural heritages. A geographic information system (GIS) can support park management planning by providing the concepts of a data base management system and the capabilities of transforming spatial data into information through data integration, analysis-synthesis, and communication. Park management planning of a section of the Alsek River valley of Kluane National Park Reserve in the Yukon Territory requires the use of specific GIS concepts and capabilities. A three-phase GIS framework focusing on the pre-conditions to GIS application, the GIS application, and the GIS application evaluation is used to define the necessary concepts. The capabilities include acting as an inventory, analysis-synthesis or management tool to contribute to mapping, monitoring, and modelling the valley's resources and visitor activities.

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Koch, Frank Henry Jr. « A Comparison of Digital Vegetation Mapping and Image Orthorectification Methods Using Aerial Photography of Valley Forge National Historical Park ». NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010417-180334.

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In recent years, mapping software utilizing scanned?or ?softcopy??aerial photographs has become widely available. Using scanned photos of Valley Forge (PA) National Historical Park, I explored some of the latest tools for image processing and computer-based vegetation mapping. My primary objective was to compare different approaches for their efficiency and accuracy. In keeping with the USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program protocol, I classified the park?s vegetation according to The Nature Conservancy?s National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS).

Initially, I scanned forty-nine 1:6000 color-infrared air photos of the area at 600 dpi using an Epson desktop scanner. I orthorectified the images by two different methods. First, I did so on a single-image basis using ERDAS Imagine. In this approach, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Ortho Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ) and a 10-meter Digital Elevation Model (DEM) served as references for between seven and twelve ground control points per photo. After achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 1 meter for an image, I resampled it into an orthophoto. I then repeated the process using Imagine Orthobase. Via aerial triangulation, Orthobase generated an RMSE solution for the entire block of images, which I resampled into orthophotos using a batch process.

Positional accuracies were remarkably similar for image mosaics I created from the single-image as well as the Orthobase orthophotos. For both mosaics, planimetric x-coordinate accuracy met the U.S. National Map Accuracy Standard for Class 1 maps, while planimetric y-coordinate accuracy met the Class 2 standard. However, the Orthobase method is faster?reducing process time by 50%?and requires 20% (or less) of the ground control points necessary for the single-image method.

I delineated the park?s vegetation to the formation level of the NVCS. Using ESRI ArcMap, I digitized polygons of homogeneous areas observed from the orthophotos. This on-screen mapping approach was largely monoscopic, though I verified some areas using a scanning stereoscope and the original hard-copy photos. The minimum mapping unit (MMU) was 0.5 acres (ac), smaller than that recommended by the USGS-NPS protocol. Based on field data, thematic accuracy for this map met the National Map Accuracy Standard of 80%. Misestimation of the hydrologic period of certain polygons resulted in some classification errors, as did confusion between evergreen and deciduous vegetation.

In addition to orthophotos, Orthobase creates a stereo block viewable in ERDAS Stereo Analyst, a digital stereoscopic software package. Using Crystal Eyes? eyewear and a high-refresh-rate monitor, a user can observe imagery full screen, three-dimensionally. Features delineated on the images are stored in ESRI shapefile format. I created a preliminary vegetation map at the alliance level of the NVCS with this software. Thematic accuracy of this map will be known when assessment is completed this summer. Notably, the classification scheme has required revision to accommodate the anthropogenically altered landscape of Valley Forge.

Nevertheless, it is clear that Stereo Analyst offers advantages for vegetation and other types of mapping. Stereoscopic view and sharp zoom-in capabilities make photo interpretation straightforward. Because features are delineated directly into a GIS, Stereo Analyst cuts process time by 70% and avoids two steps that can introduce errors in conventional mapping methods (i.e., transfer to map base and digitizing). Perhaps most importantly, joint use of Orthobase and Stereo Analyst allows simultaneous orthophoto creation and GIS data collection; in contrast, the ArcMap approach requires finished orthophotos before features can be delineated. Ultimately, though, both monoscopic and stereoscopic methods have roles in vegetation mapping projects. The level of detail required for the project should determine which technique is most appropriate.

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Hill, Lisa Julie. « More-than-representational archaeologies of leisure in the landscape of the Dean Forest and Wye Valley National Forest Park ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0c232d0b-3d0f-4585-8455-d56de87dd17e.

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The thesis that follows is interdisciplinary in nature, bringing together the fields of contemporary archaeology, cultural and historical Geography to explore the changing landscape of the Dean Forest and Wye Valley National Forest Park. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Forest of Dean was a significant industrial region, a landscape dominated by pitheads, tramroads and railways, coal mines, ironworks, and quarries. However, the twentieth century saw the radical transformation of this landscape, from industry to leisure. In the chapters that follow, it is aspects of this landscape transformation that are examined through the lens of non-representational theory, as each chapter explores the questions: what might a ‘more-than-representational’ approach to contemporary archaeology look like? And, what can archaeological perspectives offer in terms of the development of non-representational theory? Starting from the premise that contemporary archaeology is not just about the recent past, but about how we engage with the past from the perspective of the present, this thesis focuses upon those barely perceptible echoes from the past that have the power to move us in unexpected ways. As such, it examines not just the legacy of the past in the landscape, but its capacity to generate affective registers, to evoke and to unsettle. It develops a distinctly archaeological approach to considerations of materiality and time within non-representational theories, placing an emphasis on matter, memory and haunting, absence and presence. It focuses on new temporalities arising from the time of the ‘event’, new materialisms that are ‘more-than-representational’, and new ways of performing and practicing the archaeological.

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Ruhm, Catherine Terese. « The Effects of Two Types of Reclamation on Abandoned Non-Coal Surface Mines in Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543876471411951.

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Marembo, Kudzanai Rosebud. « Identifying african wild dog (Lycaon pictus) corridors outside Gonarezhou National Park and Save Valley Conservancy using maxent species distribution modeling ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96893.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is one of the most endangered large carnivores. Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) and Savè Valley Conservancy (SVC) that hold part of the few remaining viable populations report that wild dog populations continue to decline due to high rates of habitat loss and fragmentation. This leads to low pup survival rates due to predators and reduced formation of new packs as the wild dogs have become reluctant to leave the safety of their original packs in pursuit of mating partners in fragmented habitats where higher risks of danger exist. Consequently, this reduces population growth for Lycaon pictus. Therefore, the study sought to identify additional suitable habitat for wild dog outside GNP and SVC and a corridor connecting the two areas using the ecological niche theory. Wild dog satellite collar data from the African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) was used with spatial and climate data for GNP and SVC from PeaceParks and WorldClim. This data was used to firstly, identify dens using ArcGIS 10.1. Secondly, map geographic and temporal distributions using Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Thirdly, to assess biotic and abiotic drivers of different packs and sexes movement and distribution patterns using ARCGIS 10.1 and lastly, map probability distributions (corridor and re-location sites) using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Den locations are in areas away from predators and human settlements. Wild dog geographic distributions are smaller in the cold and dry seasons and differ according to sex whilst temporal distributions depend on their use of resources. The most influential biotic and abiotic variables within reserves were distance to human settlements and elevation whilst the least influential were roads and temperature. However, outside the reserves, the most influential variable was distance from reserve. Malilangwe is a potential corridor between GNP and SVC, whilst Masvingo, Beitbridge, and Mwenezi districts have suitable habitat for re-location sites.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrika-wildehond (Lycaon pictus) is een van die mees bedreigde groot karnivore. Gonarezhou Nationale Park (GNP) en Savè Vallei Conservancy (SVC) wat deel van die min oorblywende lewensvatbare bevolkings hou rapporteer dat wilde hond bevolkings voortgaan om te daal as gevolg van die verlies en fragmentering van habitat. Dit lei tot 'n lae pup oorlewingsyfer te danke aan predasie asook dalende vlakke van nuwe troppe. Omdat as die wilde honde het huiwerig geword om die veiligheid van hul oorspronklike troppe te verlaat in die soektog na paarmaats in gefragmenteerde habitatte waar hoër risiko van gevaar bestaan. Gevolglik verminder die bevolkingsgroei vir Lycaon pictus. Daarom onderneem die studie addisionele geskikte habitat vir wilde hond buite die GNP en SVC te vind en die stigting van 'n gang Om die twee gebiede te verbind met behulp van die ekologiese nis teorie te identifiseer. Wildehond satelliet kraag data van die African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) is gebruik met ruimtelike en klimaat data vir die GNP en SVC van PeaceParks en WorldClim. Hierdie data is gebruik om eerstens, kuile te identifiseer met behulp van ArcGIS 10.1. Tweedens, kartering van geografiese en temporale verspreiding met behulp van Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Derdens, die ondersoek van biotiese en abioties dryfkragte van verskillende troppe pakke en geslagte bewegings en verspreidingspatrone met ArcGIS 10.1 te evalueer en laastens, kartering van waarskynlikheidsverdelings (korridor en hervestigingsgebiede) van die Maksimum Entropie (MaxEnt). Kuile is in gebiede weg van roofdiere en menslike nedersettings. Wildehond geografiese verspreiding is kleiner in die koue en droë seisoene en verskil volgens geslag, terwyl temporale verspreidings afhang van die gebruik van hulpbronne. Die mees invloedryke biotiese en abioties veranderlikes binne reserwes was die afstand vanaf menslike nedersettings en hoogte, terwyl paaie en temperatuur die laagste invloed gehad. Buite die reserwes was, die mees invloedryke veranderlike afstand vanaf reservaat. Malilangwe is 'n potensiële korridor tussen die GNP en SVC, terwyl Masvingo, Beitbridge en Mwenezi distrikte geskikte habitat bied vir hervestiging.

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Lamont, Sam. « A hydrologic analysis and model of a watershed, containing an ecologically important wetland, in Canaan Valley State Park, West Virginia ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2990.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73).

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Manning, Nathan Farrell. « LONG TERM HYDROLOGY PATTERNS AND PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF DISTURBED AND UNDISTURBED WETLANDS IN THE CUYAHOGA VALLEY NATIONAL PARK, OHIO, USA ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1153750077.

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Rothenbücher, Judith. « The impact of mowing and flooding on the diversity of arthropods in floodplain grassland habitats of the Lower Oder Valley National Park, Germany ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976252821.

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Lovegrove, Alexander Thomas. « Management and monitoring in protected areas : a case study in the New Forest National Park : the effects upon valley mire and heathland communities ». Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/28718/.

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Conservation depends heavily on protected areas, and many of these must be intensively managed in order to maintain important habitats and species. However, few conservation actions can be properly described as evidence-based, and knowledge of the effects of different types of management is necessary to improve conservation success. The New Forest National Park, Hampshire, UK, has been subject to intensive management which has not been scientifically investigated. In this thesis I assess management and monitoring effectiveness within two important open habitats: valley mires and heathlands. Research aims are to determine the impact that long term management (including differences between cutting and burning) has had on heathland communities in the New Forest, uncover the effects of restoration programmes on both biotic and abiotic components of valley mires, and to identify whether the current monitoring practice through Common Standards Monitoring (CSM) can detect changes in both habitats and serve as a basis for adaptive management. Data were collected in the field for both heathland and mire habitats using space-for-time substitutions, where sites of different ages since management intervention were compared. The plant community and soil chemical properties were assessed using randomly distributed quadrats within plots set up at each site location. A total of 30 heathland plots and 60 mire plots were established. Results showed that different heathland management resulted in great differences in the vegetation community, but with few changes as sites aged following management. The block nature of both management activities resulted in relatively uniform ericaceous age-structures within individual sites, and particularly low species diversity was recorded for burnt sites. CSM in heathland habitats is was poor at detecting changes in the habitats, but attribute sub-scores did demonstrate some differences. Analyses of mire restorations showed mixed results with abiotic conditions showing almost no changes between degraded and restored areas. Some minor differences emerged in the vegetation community, such as a decrease in Carex panicea following restoration and an increase in some Sphagnum species, such as S. papillosum. This work suggests that restoration has largely failed to achieve its goals. Techniques from the established monitoring program failed to show any changes following restoration and lacked the precision that detailed quantitative surveys showed. It was highly ineffective as a tool to monitor restoration work, calling into question its widespread use for such tasks in the New Forest. Current monitoring must be improved substantially if a move to effective and adaptive management is to be achieved.

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Langer, Adina. « Making space : sacred, public and private property in American national parks ». Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1350046103.

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Huffer, Donelle Joy. « A Spatial Analysis and Zooarchaeological Interpretation of Archaeological Bison Remains in the Southwest and the Wildlife Management Implications for the House Rock Valley Bison Herd in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311670.

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The historically introduced House Rock Valley bison herd has, in recent years, migrated from the eastern Arizona Strip onto the Kaibab Plateau within Grand Canyon National Park. Bison are considered a nonnative species to the southern Colorado Plateau, and the animals adversely impact sensitive ecosystems prompting National Park Service wildlife managers to pursue their removal. Archaeofaunal evidence of bison in the Grand Canyon and neighboring regions, however, raises concern that bison may in fact be native. Assessing the evidence within a zooarchaeological interpretive framework is critical since mere presence/absence lists of bison remains do not address the potentially complex cultural processes involved in the formation of archaeofaunal assemblages. Inter-assemblage comparisons illustrate a decline in relative abundance and skeletal completeness correlated to distance from traditionally understood historical bison distribution. If bison were present in the Southwest, as the evidence suggests, they likely entered the region only occasionally as small, dispersed herds.

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Bingham, Sonia Nicole. « Aquatic macroinvertebrate use of rootmat habitat created by eight woody riparian species ». The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245417333.

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Connor, Teresa Kathleen. « Opportunity and constraint : historicity, hybridity and notions of cultural identity among farm workers in the Sundays River Valley ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008367.

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This thesis focuses on relationships of opportunity and constraint among farm workers in the Sundays River Valley (SRV), Eastern Cape Province. Relationships of 'constraint' include those experiences of displacement and forced removal and war, including forced removals by the apartheid state in 1960 and 1970. Relationships of 'opportunity' include the ways in which residents in the SRV have contested their experiences of upheaval and domination, and the formation of a regional sense of place and belonging/ investigate how farm workers actually draw elements of locality and identity from their experiences of upheaval, and how displacement bolsters feelings of belonging and place. Instead of viewing displacement as a once-off experience, this thesis investigates displacement in historical terms, as a long-term, 'serial' experience of human movement, which is continued in the present- specifically through the creation of the Greater Addo Elephant National Park. I concentrate on developing a spatialised and cultural notion of movemenUplacement. 'Place' is investigated as a term that refers to rather indeterminate feelings of nostalgia, memory and identity, which depend on a particular connection to territory (ie: 'space'). I emphasise that elements of place in the SRV are drawn from and expressed along dualistic lines, which juxtapose situations of opportunity and constraint. In this way, farm workers' sense of connection to farms and ancestral territory in the SRV depends on their experiences of stable residency and work on farms, as well as their memories of removal from land in the area. I emphasise that those elements of conservatism (expressed as 'tradition' and Redness) among Xhosa-speaking farm workers are indications of a certain hybridity of identity in the region, which depend on differentiation from other groups (such as so-called 'coloured' farm workers and 'white' farmers), as well as associations between these groups. This thesis lays emphasis upon those less visible and definable 'identities' in the Eastern Cape Province, specifically by shifting focus away from the exhomeland states of the Ciskei and Transkei, to more marginal expressions of identity and change (among farm workers) in the Province. I point out that labourers cannot solely be defined by their positions as farm workers, but by their place and sense of cultural belonging in the area. In this sense, I use the idea of work as a loaded concept that can comment on a range of cultural attitudes towards belonging and place, and which is firmly embedded in the private lives of labourers - beyond their simple socio-economic conditions of farm work. I use Bourdieu's conception of habitus and doxa to define work as a set of dispositions that have been historicised and internalised by workers to such an extent, that relationships of domination are sometimes inadvertently obscured through their apparent 'naturalness'. Moreover, I point out that work can be related to ritualised action in the SRV through the use of performance and practice-based anthropological theory. Both work and ritual are symbolic actions, and are sites of struggle within which workers express themselves dualistically. Rituals, specifically, are dramatic events that combine disharmonious and harmonious social processes - juxtaposing the powerlessness of workers (on farms), and the deep sense of belonging and place in the SRV. I argue that the deep historical connections in the SRV have largely been ignored by conservationists in the drive to establish new protected zones (such as the Greater Addo Elephant National Park), and that a new model of shared conservation management is needed for this Park.

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Durst, Danny. « A Proposal for Securing a Sustainable Future for Blossom Music Center ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1395964878.

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Bergmann, Nicolas Timothy. « Preserving Nature through Film : Wilderness Alps of Stehekin and the North Cascades, 1956-1968 ». PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/973.

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On March 22, 1958 David Brower's film Wilderness Alps of Stehekin premiered to an audience of conservationists in Seattle, Washington. Almost two years in the making, the thirty-one minute film advocated the preservation of nature in Washington's North Cascades through the creation of a national park. Over the next decade, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin became the most influential publicity tool in the struggle to preserve the North Cascades. Because of the region's geographic isolation, the film was the first time many people throughout the nation were exposed to the scenic grandeur of the area. Images of craggy peaks and colorful alpine meadows resonated deeply with many Americans and persuaded them to join in the campaign. It was the voice of these citizens that led Congress to pass the North Cascades Act of 1968, which placed 674,000 acres of the North Cascades under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. In this thesis I tell the creation story of North Cascades National Park from a conservationist perspective and trace the influence of Wilderness Alps of Stehekin within this context. Although the film was never shown in movie theaters and never aired on national television, many thousands viewed it from its premiere to the signing of the North Cascades Act. The film first introduced the idea of a North Cascades National Park, and it was important in convincing conservationists to unite around a national park solution. Ultimately, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin changed the approach activists took in the North Cascades and helped to preserve a wild and scenic nature experience for future generations through the protection of old-growth forests and alpine meadows.

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Back, Michael Patrick. « Working Backwards : Enhancing Forest Restoration by Reversing Effects of Surface Mine Reclamation on Soil Bulk Density and Soil Chemistry ». Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors162014875138985.

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Wallace, Bethany F. « Coyote Spatial and Temporal Use of Recreational Parklands as a Function of Human Activity within the Cuyahoga Valley, Ohio ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374515496.

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Moggert, Monika. « VEŘEJNÝ MĚSTSKÝ PROSTOR – ZNOJMO – NÁBŘEŽÍ ŘEKY DYJE ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216183.

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Theme of my work is arguable for the cities which are situated near the river. Riverbanks are really nice public space but a lot of them are not "designed for people". Before I started do this work I was thinking about places which are ignored or overlooked in Znojmo town. Yes, town has a lot of places which are interesting and need "new face". There are brownfiels but problems of these localities was designed many times. And I wanted to find some new way, try restore and improve public space in connecting by the river. I chose locality which connect two important buildings – Znojmo castle and Louka monastery. There is needed to improve connection this locality to town centre.

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Scheer, Maria. « Charakterisierung der Diversität von Mikroorganismen im Nationalpark “Unteres Odertal” ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63999.

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Gewässersedimente stellen für den Stoffkreislauf ein wichtiges Ökosystem dar. Durch die Stoffwechselleistungen einer komplexen mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaft wird sowohl das Sediment selbst, sein Interstitialwasser, das überstehende Freiwasser als auch die Atmosphäre und die darin lebenden Mikro- und Makroorganismen beeinflusst. Die grundlegenden chemischen Prozesse im Sediment sind bereits gut untersucht. Auch sind die mikrobiellen Großgruppen im Sediment bekannt. Im Hinblick auf die Diversität der Mikroorganismen, insbesondere in Süßwassersedimenten, gibt es noch Forschungsbedarf. Das Auengebiet des Nationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ stellt durch seine jährlich kontrollierten Flutungen ein interessantes und wegen seiner Vielfalt verschiedenartiger Gewässertypen einen idealen Ort zur Untersuchung mikrobieller Biozönosen in Gewässersedimenten dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine erste Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Biozönose in den Gewässersedimenten des Auennationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ durchzuführen und mit den Ergebnissen der Talsperre Saidenbach und der Elbaue bei Dornburg zu vergleichen. Hierfür kam ein breites Spektrum an Methoden zum Einsatz, das klassische mikrobiologische Methoden und molekularbiologische Techniken umfasste. Die Analysen sollten dabei über mehrere Jahre hinweg erfolgen, um die Variabilität der mikrobiellen Populationen in Abhängigkeit von sich ändernden Umweltparametern zu erfassen. Die Charakterisierung der Umweltparameter erfolgte durch Messungen chemisch-physikalischer Parameter im Freiwasser, Sediment und seinem Interstitialwasser. Die untersuchten Probenahmestellen unterschieden sich in ihren chemischen Profilen. Damit waren Unterschiede in der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung dieser Probenahmestellen zu erwarten. Die Identifizierung und Quantifizierung der Prokaryoten mittels CARD FISH wies auf eine hohe Abundanz von Alpha- und Beta-Proteobakterien sowie Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia und Chloroflexi in den Proben des Odertals hin. Die Proben Dornburgs wurden von Planctomyceten und die Proben des Haselbachs von Alpha-Proteobakterien oder Verrucomicrobien dominiert. Obwohl die Hybridisierbarkeit der Proben gut war, wurde mit den angewendeten Sonden in der Summe weniger als 50 % der Gesamtzellzahl erfasst. Die Anwendung der ARISA Methode zeigte strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Proben in Abhängigkeit von der Sedimenttiefe und dem Probenahmemonat. Die größte Ähnlichkeit besaßen die Biozönosen des Anglerteichs und des Bogengrabens. Ein Einfluss der Flutung auf die Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Biozönose konnte deutlich gezeigt werden. Die Identifikation der Eubakterien in den Proben des Odertals durch die Erstellung von 16S rDNA Eubakterien Klonbanken ergab eine Dominanz der Beta-Proteobakterien und Bacteroidetes und wies auf die Bedeutung der Delta-Proteobakterien hin. Die eubakterielle Lebensgemeinschaft im Haselbach wurde von Alpha-Proteobakterien und Acidobakterien dominiert. Variabilitäten im Zusammenhang mit dem Probenahmedatum und der Flutung des Odertals konnten gezeigt werden. Die größte eubakterielle Biodiversität wurde im Sediment der Oder-Zollstation (April 2007) geschätzt. Die Anwendung der Pyrosequenzierung ergab eine hohe Biodiversität in allen Proben und bestätigte die Dominanz der Beta-Proteobakterien im Anglerteich. Im Bogengraben dominierten die Delta-Proteobakterien knapp vor den Beta-Proteobakterien. In der Oder waren neben den Beta-Proteobakterien die Bacteroidetes abundanter. Die genannten Taxa dominierten auch die Bibliotheken der Talsperre Saidenbach. Die höchste Biodiversität wurde für die Bibliothek des Bogengrabens angegeben, dessen Lebensgemeinschaft die meisten Gemeinsamkeiten mit der Bibliothek des Anglerteichs aufwies. Sulfatreduzierende Bakterien (SRB) wurden durch die Sequenzierung von Klonbanken und die Anwendung der Fingerprintmethoden T-RFLP und DGGE charakterisiert. Die hohe Biodiversität der SRB konnte je nach erstellter Klonbank unterschiedlich gut beschrieben werden. Neben zahlreichen nicht identifizierbaren Vertretern waren Desulfobacterales und Clostridiales abundant. Die größte Diversität wurde wiederum in der Bibliothek des Bogengrabens nachgewiesen. Die Zusammensetzung der SRB in den Klonbanken variierte in Abhängigkeit der Parameter gelöster reaktiver Phosphor (SRP), organische Substanz, DOC und Nitrat. Mit T-RFLP und DGGE konnte eine sedimenttiefenabhängige Variabilität der SRB festgestellt werden, die sich zwischen den Proben Anglerteich und Bogengraben am meisten glich. Mit der DGGE erfolgte eine erste zeitabhängige Untersuchung, die deutlich verschiedene Biozönosen zwischen der Talsperre Saidenbach und den Proben des Nationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ zeigte. Das enorm hohe Bandenspektrum erschwerte die Analyse der zeitlichen Variabilität. Die Nitrat-Stickstoffkonzentrationen waren in den Sedimenten mit zunehmender Tiefe unverändert niedrig, was sich in einer mit T-RFLP untersuchten niedrigen Diversität der Denitrifikanten wiederspiegelte, die nur wenige vertikale oder zeitliche Varianzen zeigten. Die Anwendung von Kultivierungsversuchen ermöglichte die Isolation und eine erste Charakterisierung von Cyano- und Eisenbakterien. Insbesondere fädige Cyanobakterien der Gattungen Leptolyngbya, Nostoc und Pseudanabaena wiesen ein interessantes Sekundärmetabolitspektrum auf. Die Untersuchung erster Extrakte (Firma Cyano Biotech) wies auf biologisch aktive Substanzen hin. Die Untersuchung hygienisch relevanter Mikroorganismen zeigte ein höheres Vorkommen coliformer Bakterien im Sediment der Oder-Zollstation als im Anglerteich oder Bogengraben. Neben den Eubakterien wurde die Lebensgemeinschaft der Archaea durch Sequenzierung generierter Klonbanken identifiziert sowie die vertikale und temporale Variabilität ihrer Struktur untersucht (T-RFLP, DGGE). Die für aquatische Sedimente vergleichsweise hohe archaeale Diversität unterschied sich enorm zwischen den Klonbibliotheken. Die höchste Diversität wurde in der Klonbank der Probe Dornburgs festgestellt, die neben Vertretern des „Rice Clusters V“ (RC-V) überwiegend aus Crenarchaea bestand. RC-V Archaea dominierten, bis auf die Oder-Zollstation, alle generierten Bibliotheken. Methanogene Archaea waren besonders abundant in der Bibliothek der Oder-Zollstation (Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanosaetaceae) und des Haselbachs (Methanospirillaceae). Einflussnehmende Umweltfaktoren waren Sulfat (Dornburg), Nitrat (Entnahmestelle), DIC (Anglerteich), Sauerstoff (Haselbach) und Ammonium (Oder-Zollstation). Die T-RFLP Analyse zeigte die methanogenen Archaea Methanosarcinales/Methanomicrobiales (Msm) als besonders abundant an. Eine erwartete tiefenabhängige Varianz konnte mit T-RFLP gezeigt werden. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Probenahmestellen waren jedoch deutlicher und zeigten anhand der DGGE Analyse ein breiteres Msm Bandenspektrum für den Anglerteich und Bogengraben im Vergleich zur Oder-Zollstation und zum Haselbach. Die zeitabhängige Variabilität der Archaea und Msm konnte mit T-RFLP und DGGE gezeigt werden. Der Einfluss der Flutung war im Vergleich zu allen anderen Probenahmedaten nicht so ausschlaggebend wie erwartet. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse eine hohe Biodiversität der Mikroorganismen im Nationalpark Unteres Odertal. Die Flutung hatte insbesondere auf die Eubakterien einen großen Einfluss. Zeitliche Variabilität der Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaften der Prokaryoten lässt sich im Odertal nicht mit einer Jahreszeit in Zusammenhang bringen. Hingegen sind die mikrobiellen Biozönosen im Haselbach nachweislich von den wechselnden Zirkulationsphasen beeinflusst. Die hier verwendeten Methoden sind zur Charakterisierung mikrobieller Biozönosen in der Umweltmikrobiologie weit verbreitet. Die Anwendung der neuen Pyrosequenzierungsmethode ermöglichte trotz enormer Anzahl analysierter Sequenzen keine vollständige Erfassung der hohen Biodiversität, aber durch das Fehlen des Klonierungsschrittes wurde eine Fehlerursache in der Darstellung der realen Biozönose ausgeschlossen. Unstimmigkeiten in den Ergebnissen der verschiedenen Experimente beruhen meist auf methodischen Limitationen. Die DNA Isolationsmethode, die Vorauswahl von Primern, die bevorzugte Amplifikation, die allen PCR-basierten Methoden zu Grunde liegen, verschieben die reale Darstellung der Struktur einer Biozönose. Die fehlende Aussagekraft über die Aktivität der Mikroorganismen durch DNA basierte Analysen kann durch die Beobachtung der zeitlichen Änderungen ihrer Abundanz reduziert werden. Erste einflussnehmende Umweltparameter konnten ermittelt werden. Zusätzliche Analysen weiterer Elektronenakzeptoren über einen längeren Zeitraum sind jedoch nötig, um eine hinreichend sichere Aussage treffen zu können.

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Kubian, Richard. « Characterizing the Mixed-Severity Fire Regime of the Kootenay Valley, Kootenay National Park ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4944.

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Understanding historic fire regimes to develop benchmarks for emulating historic natural disturbance processes in the interest of conserving biodiversity has been actively pursued for approximately 30 years. Mixed-severity fire regimes are increasingly becoming a recognized component of historic fire regimes. Mixed-severity fire regimes are inherently difficult to classify and characterize given the complexity of the process and the multiple scales at which this complexity is expressed. I utilized a systematic study design to gather fire scar and stand dynamic information in order to describe and classify the historic fire regime. I established the presence of mixed disturbance regime dominated by a mixed-severity fire regime. The historic fire regime was mixed-severity over time dominated by individual high severity fire events occurring at a frequency of 60-130 years with some areas that experienced lower severity fire events occurring at a frequency of 20 - 40 years. Twenty-one per cent of the current landscape was dominated by high-severity fire, 42% by mixed-severity and 37% had an unknown fire history. I developed a fire regime classification scheme that provides a useful tool for considering fire severity in mixed-severity system with forest species that generate strong establishment cohorts. I was able to combine time-since-fire methods with a systematic study design and this combination provided an excellent tool to explore mixed-severity fire characteristics in a complicated mixed-disturbance forest. I found limited relationships between topographic controls and fire severity. I found a number of significant relationships that fit the broadly held perceptions of how fire severity would affect species relative densities and stand structure attributes. The existing stand origin map and the Vegetation Resource Inventory stand age were largely accurate for high-severity 20th century fires but had decreasing accuracy in older forests and for mixed and unknown fire severity. The accuracy of the Vegetation Resource Inventory leading species accuracy was quantified at only 60%. My results have implications for fire and forest management in south-eastern British Columbia and in other forest systems that had historic mixed-severity fire regimes with tree species that have strong establishment cohorts.
Graduate
0478
0329
rick.kubian@pc.gc.ca

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Pulsford, Ian Frank. « History of disturbances in the white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) forests of the lower Snowy River Valley, Kosciusko National Park ». Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143071.

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30

McGee, John Asbury. « Integrated national park planning to support conservation in British Africa : Lessons from the Luangwa River Valley, Zambia ». 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9737561.

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Changes in the landscape mosaic are natural, and are ideally associated with fluid and ecologically balanced processes (Forman 1994). Human induced transformations of wilderness landscapes are often conducted to support the clearing of agricultural land and other human dominated land uses. These processes, fueled by rising populations and demands for land, are associated with unbalanced, or unsustainable land use practices which most often result in the fragmentation of natural wildlife habitats (Robinson 1996, p. 111). Declines in wildlife resources are often reflected by overall decreases in the availability of wildlife resources, or in a decrease in the number of species. Either of these processes may serve as indicators of decreased levels of biodiversity. This research explores the roots, justifications, and threats to wildlife associated with national park planning in British Africa. The Lukusuzi National Park Region, located in Zambia's Luangwa River Valley, serves as a case study for the application of the research, through an assessment of three associated areas: (1) The adoption and implementation of national park policies, as examined through an historical assessment, which traces the national park model from the United States to England to British Africa; (2) The identification of physical evidence in the landscape, which is used as an indicator of environmental health in and around selected national park lands (supported by Landsat TM), and; (3) An assessment of the founding principles of landscape ecology and environmental planning, and the potential application of these principles to support conservation initiatives in British Africa. A synthesis of findings from the three themes resulted in the development of an integrated conservation plan, respecting historical and cultural links to the environment; physical landscape characteristics; and ecological and environmental principles. This research offers a unique approach to conservation planning in Africa, by integrating local knowledge collected through empirical observations 'on the ground' with scientific knowledge, collected and processed with modern planning tools (including satellite remote sensing and GIS). The integration of local participation in the management of conservation areas is identified as an integral part of a larger conservation strategy.

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31

Everman, Rebecca L. A. « A textural and microfabric analysis of the deformation at Ubehebe Peak contact aureole, Death Valley National Park, California ». 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41472564.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-33).

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32

Amrita, Batchuluun, et Batchuluun Amrita. « Key Success Factors of Knowledge Hub : Comparison among Silicon Valley of United States, Hsinchu Science Park of Taiwan, and National Information Technology Park of Mongolia ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qywv62.

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博士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系
104
In globalized world, variety of industrial and science parks exist to enhance the country development based on own unique platform to impact on economic growth of the country. One of these parks is so–called the knowledge hub, which focuses on entrepreneurs’ development intensifying knowledge–based corporate competition. In order to make a decision on establishment of the knowledge hub to foster the industrial development with collaboration academic institutions and industries, it needs to define the best matched factors and criteria of the knowledge hub. Many factors influence on development and performance of the knowledge hub, however it is questionable, which factors have direct impact and which factors have indirect effects that become a key issue for entire knowledge based economy. Considering this question, the dissertation aims to evaluate the key factors of the knowledge hub. In this perspective, all relevant factors listed from the literature reviews and selected the most leading factors that could drive the knowledge hub, such as technology knowledge, knowledge spillover, learning environment, innovation performance, absorptive capacity and regional development. Then, five to six sub–factors selected from literature reviews related to each main factor, which could shape the knowledge hub. For an efficient outcome, this research compares Silicon Valley of the United States, Hsinchu Science Park of Taiwan and National Information Technology Park of Mongolia to determine the best matching factors of the knowledge hub in developed and developing countries in reality. Comparing peers is recognized methodology to underlie an effective and efficient gateway and useful insights for successful development of knowledge hub. The methodology of the dissertation divides into three parts: 1) Correlation analysis is to measure a linear relationship between main factors and sub–factors that used a single questionnaire; 2) Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and 3) fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to evaluate and define the determinant factors of knowledge hub that used one questionnaire for both methods. Fuzzy AHP has more accurate judgment than AHP analysis. A total of 101 respondents for correlation questionnaire and 99 experts responded to AHP and fuzzy AHP questionnaire from three countries. The result shows that innovation performance is the most important factor for knowledge hub by AHP method in both developed and developing countries. However, in accordance with the FAHP analysis, absorptive capacity and learning environment are the most important factor for developed countries and regional development for the developing country. Consequently, knowledge hub becomes a cost effective and intermediary platform for academicians and entrepreneurs in developing countries, if they focus on absorptive capacity and learning environment to maintain regional development in the long–term. The main contribution of this dissertation is an empirical investigation of key factors of knowledge hub comparing developed and developing countries.

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33

Serrouya, Robert. « Permeability of the Trans-Canada highway to Black Bear movements in the Bow River Valley of Banff National Park ». Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9775.

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I compared the effects of four parallel linear features on black bear (Ursus americanus) movements in the Bow River valley of Banff National Park. Three linear features were transportation routes (in decreasing order of vehicle-traffic volume: Trans- Canada highway, 1A scenic highway, Canadian Pacific railway [CPR]), and the fourth was the Bow River, a natural linear feature. Radio-fitted bears were monitored over two sampling periods (six bears in 1987-88 and 13 bears in 1996-97), during which time vehicle traffic increased by 13-24%. I compared bear movements to a spatial simulation to determine if bears crossed the linear features less than what would be expected by random chance. There was an inverse relationship between the permeability of linear features and traffic volumes of those features. On an individual basis, 37% of the bears crossed the Trans-Canada less than what would be expected by random chance, compared to 13%, 16%, and 11% for the 1A, CPR, and Bow River, respectively. When the two sampling periods were compared, CPR permeability was significantly higher in 1996-97. For female bears, age or experience was a better indicator of Trans-Canada permeability than habitat. Learning to use wildlife crossing structures appeared to play an important role in determining the success of Trans-Canada crossings. I recommend using techniques that encourage bears to learn to use wildlife crossing structures, which will have the dual effect of maintaining permeability and reducing vehicle-wildlife collisions.

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Watt-Gremm, Graham Duff. « Taking a good long look : disturbance, succession, landscape change and repeat photography in the upper Blakiston Valley, Waterton Lakes National Park ». Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2481.

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Understanding historical disturbance and succession is critical in park management and restoration. I examined successional patterns and disturbance dynamics in the Blakiston Valley, Waterton Lakes National Park, by analyzing changes in forest structure using field research and repeat photography. I sampled forest structural attributes in 23 stands and interpreted forest cover from oblique and aerial photographs from 1881, 1914, 1947 and 2004. I quantitatively compared the interpretation from oblique photographs to aerial photographs and geographic information system (GIS) data and related succession to environmental factors and historical disturbances. Successional patterns were dominated by transitions from open meadows and shrublands to woodlands and closed forests, and were related to a small number of environment and disturbance variables, especially elevation, potential radiation, and time since last recorded fire. Accompanying these trends is a decline in landscape diversity. These findings have implications for restoration and conservation of subalpine forests in the park and across the region. The GIS methods capture spatially approximate vegetation patterns from oblique photographs and show potential for further research, especially in combination with the photograph collection of the Mountain Legacy Project.

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35

Rothenbücher, Judith. « The Impact of Mowing and Flooding on the Diversity of Arthropods in Floodplain Grassland Habitats of the Lower Oder Valley National Park, Germany ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B5FE-2.

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36

Li, Chien-tung, et 李建通. « Study on Ecological Resources and Experience Activities－A Case Study on the Bei-nan Section of the Hualien-Taitung Rift Valley National Park ». Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68301531511982437502.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所
94
The domestic recreation agriculture grows vigorously since 1989 it was classified as Taiwan’s national agricultural development policies. With multiple and characteristic ecological resource made Beinan Township Section, East Rift Valley National Scenic Area become one of the best resource for domestic recreation agriculture. The purpose of this research were through the analysis and investigation of the ecological resource and the need of visitor, try to draw out the plan for the design of ecology experience activity for Beinan Village Government. This research obtains the following conclusion: The resources of Beinan Township have dynamics, diversified ecological resource characteristic. The resource of geology and topographical view were Beinan conglomerate, Liji fault, little Yellow-Mount, Liji bad-land. The resources of animal and plant were up to 662 kinds made a variety biological kind. In the Visitor's characteristic: Age levels are mostly between 20 to 49 years old and female take the most part. Most visitors were college educated and took job in service trade. They got travel information via internet, relatives and friends. The travel relations were friends and family, too. Most of them drive car by themselves and spend half-day for tour. On the visitor demand, 'fresh and green chain of mountains and bright blue sky' has the highest attention. Total solution for tour is highly demanded. Image demand, with 'Make body and soul released in the nature' most high. Service and facility demand, with 'Offer local ecological information via internet, newspaper and magazine' and 'good ecological experience traffic and route plan' most high. The experiencing demand needs most with 'The experience of knowing Taiwan’s native plant'. Visitors want the place to go is ‘modernized’, will be able to 'released' and get 'the ecological experience of the plant'. To emphasize ecology experience will raise the will of visiting . Most visitors took a positive attitude on this area and would like to revisit again. The design of ecology experience activity should be pondered on the resource we got and the need of visitors, take geology and topographical view as the backgrounds, choose different characteristic resources and themes with visitor's attribute, and then make it multi-sense, deep and happy for visitors with three types of experience by view overlooking, animal ecology experiencing and plant ecology which visitors are most interested in. By fit the need of visitors to extend the time they toured and raise the will of revisiting, should be able to create a business opportunity for Beinan Township.

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Roselle, Gregory Thomas. « Integrated petrologic, stable isotopic, and statistical study of fluid-flow in carbonates in the Ubehebe Peak contact aureole, Death Valley National Park, California ». 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39724917.html.

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38

Rothenbücher, Judith [Verfasser]. « The impact of mowing and flooding on the diversity of arthropods in floodplain grassland habitats of the Lower Oder Valley National Park, Germany / vorgelegt von Judith Rothenbücher ». 2005. http://d-nb.info/976252821/34.

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39

Scheer, Maria. « Charakterisierung der Diversität von Mikroorganismen im Nationalpark “Unteres Odertal” ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25469.

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Gewässersedimente stellen für den Stoffkreislauf ein wichtiges Ökosystem dar. Durch die Stoffwechselleistungen einer komplexen mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaft wird sowohl das Sediment selbst, sein Interstitialwasser, das überstehende Freiwasser als auch die Atmosphäre und die darin lebenden Mikro- und Makroorganismen beeinflusst. Die grundlegenden chemischen Prozesse im Sediment sind bereits gut untersucht. Auch sind die mikrobiellen Großgruppen im Sediment bekannt. Im Hinblick auf die Diversität der Mikroorganismen, insbesondere in Süßwassersedimenten, gibt es noch Forschungsbedarf. Das Auengebiet des Nationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ stellt durch seine jährlich kontrollierten Flutungen ein interessantes und wegen seiner Vielfalt verschiedenartiger Gewässertypen einen idealen Ort zur Untersuchung mikrobieller Biozönosen in Gewässersedimenten dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine erste Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Biozönose in den Gewässersedimenten des Auennationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ durchzuführen und mit den Ergebnissen der Talsperre Saidenbach und der Elbaue bei Dornburg zu vergleichen. Hierfür kam ein breites Spektrum an Methoden zum Einsatz, das klassische mikrobiologische Methoden und molekularbiologische Techniken umfasste. Die Analysen sollten dabei über mehrere Jahre hinweg erfolgen, um die Variabilität der mikrobiellen Populationen in Abhängigkeit von sich ändernden Umweltparametern zu erfassen. Die Charakterisierung der Umweltparameter erfolgte durch Messungen chemisch-physikalischer Parameter im Freiwasser, Sediment und seinem Interstitialwasser. Die untersuchten Probenahmestellen unterschieden sich in ihren chemischen Profilen. Damit waren Unterschiede in der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung dieser Probenahmestellen zu erwarten. Die Identifizierung und Quantifizierung der Prokaryoten mittels CARD FISH wies auf eine hohe Abundanz von Alpha- und Beta-Proteobakterien sowie Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia und Chloroflexi in den Proben des Odertals hin. Die Proben Dornburgs wurden von Planctomyceten und die Proben des Haselbachs von Alpha-Proteobakterien oder Verrucomicrobien dominiert. Obwohl die Hybridisierbarkeit der Proben gut war, wurde mit den angewendeten Sonden in der Summe weniger als 50 % der Gesamtzellzahl erfasst. Die Anwendung der ARISA Methode zeigte strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Proben in Abhängigkeit von der Sedimenttiefe und dem Probenahmemonat. Die größte Ähnlichkeit besaßen die Biozönosen des Anglerteichs und des Bogengrabens. Ein Einfluss der Flutung auf die Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Biozönose konnte deutlich gezeigt werden. Die Identifikation der Eubakterien in den Proben des Odertals durch die Erstellung von 16S rDNA Eubakterien Klonbanken ergab eine Dominanz der Beta-Proteobakterien und Bacteroidetes und wies auf die Bedeutung der Delta-Proteobakterien hin. Die eubakterielle Lebensgemeinschaft im Haselbach wurde von Alpha-Proteobakterien und Acidobakterien dominiert. Variabilitäten im Zusammenhang mit dem Probenahmedatum und der Flutung des Odertals konnten gezeigt werden. Die größte eubakterielle Biodiversität wurde im Sediment der Oder-Zollstation (April 2007) geschätzt. Die Anwendung der Pyrosequenzierung ergab eine hohe Biodiversität in allen Proben und bestätigte die Dominanz der Beta-Proteobakterien im Anglerteich. Im Bogengraben dominierten die Delta-Proteobakterien knapp vor den Beta-Proteobakterien. In der Oder waren neben den Beta-Proteobakterien die Bacteroidetes abundanter. Die genannten Taxa dominierten auch die Bibliotheken der Talsperre Saidenbach. Die höchste Biodiversität wurde für die Bibliothek des Bogengrabens angegeben, dessen Lebensgemeinschaft die meisten Gemeinsamkeiten mit der Bibliothek des Anglerteichs aufwies. Sulfatreduzierende Bakterien (SRB) wurden durch die Sequenzierung von Klonbanken und die Anwendung der Fingerprintmethoden T-RFLP und DGGE charakterisiert. Die hohe Biodiversität der SRB konnte je nach erstellter Klonbank unterschiedlich gut beschrieben werden. Neben zahlreichen nicht identifizierbaren Vertretern waren Desulfobacterales und Clostridiales abundant. Die größte Diversität wurde wiederum in der Bibliothek des Bogengrabens nachgewiesen. Die Zusammensetzung der SRB in den Klonbanken variierte in Abhängigkeit der Parameter gelöster reaktiver Phosphor (SRP), organische Substanz, DOC und Nitrat. Mit T-RFLP und DGGE konnte eine sedimenttiefenabhängige Variabilität der SRB festgestellt werden, die sich zwischen den Proben Anglerteich und Bogengraben am meisten glich. Mit der DGGE erfolgte eine erste zeitabhängige Untersuchung, die deutlich verschiedene Biozönosen zwischen der Talsperre Saidenbach und den Proben des Nationalparks „Unteres Odertal“ zeigte. Das enorm hohe Bandenspektrum erschwerte die Analyse der zeitlichen Variabilität. Die Nitrat-Stickstoffkonzentrationen waren in den Sedimenten mit zunehmender Tiefe unverändert niedrig, was sich in einer mit T-RFLP untersuchten niedrigen Diversität der Denitrifikanten wiederspiegelte, die nur wenige vertikale oder zeitliche Varianzen zeigten. Die Anwendung von Kultivierungsversuchen ermöglichte die Isolation und eine erste Charakterisierung von Cyano- und Eisenbakterien. Insbesondere fädige Cyanobakterien der Gattungen Leptolyngbya, Nostoc und Pseudanabaena wiesen ein interessantes Sekundärmetabolitspektrum auf. Die Untersuchung erster Extrakte (Firma Cyano Biotech) wies auf biologisch aktive Substanzen hin. Die Untersuchung hygienisch relevanter Mikroorganismen zeigte ein höheres Vorkommen coliformer Bakterien im Sediment der Oder-Zollstation als im Anglerteich oder Bogengraben. Neben den Eubakterien wurde die Lebensgemeinschaft der Archaea durch Sequenzierung generierter Klonbanken identifiziert sowie die vertikale und temporale Variabilität ihrer Struktur untersucht (T-RFLP, DGGE). Die für aquatische Sedimente vergleichsweise hohe archaeale Diversität unterschied sich enorm zwischen den Klonbibliotheken. Die höchste Diversität wurde in der Klonbank der Probe Dornburgs festgestellt, die neben Vertretern des „Rice Clusters V“ (RC-V) überwiegend aus Crenarchaea bestand. RC-V Archaea dominierten, bis auf die Oder-Zollstation, alle generierten Bibliotheken. Methanogene Archaea waren besonders abundant in der Bibliothek der Oder-Zollstation (Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanosaetaceae) und des Haselbachs (Methanospirillaceae). Einflussnehmende Umweltfaktoren waren Sulfat (Dornburg), Nitrat (Entnahmestelle), DIC (Anglerteich), Sauerstoff (Haselbach) und Ammonium (Oder-Zollstation). Die T-RFLP Analyse zeigte die methanogenen Archaea Methanosarcinales/Methanomicrobiales (Msm) als besonders abundant an. Eine erwartete tiefenabhängige Varianz konnte mit T-RFLP gezeigt werden. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Probenahmestellen waren jedoch deutlicher und zeigten anhand der DGGE Analyse ein breiteres Msm Bandenspektrum für den Anglerteich und Bogengraben im Vergleich zur Oder-Zollstation und zum Haselbach. Die zeitabhängige Variabilität der Archaea und Msm konnte mit T-RFLP und DGGE gezeigt werden. Der Einfluss der Flutung war im Vergleich zu allen anderen Probenahmedaten nicht so ausschlaggebend wie erwartet. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse eine hohe Biodiversität der Mikroorganismen im Nationalpark Unteres Odertal. Die Flutung hatte insbesondere auf die Eubakterien einen großen Einfluss. Zeitliche Variabilität der Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaften der Prokaryoten lässt sich im Odertal nicht mit einer Jahreszeit in Zusammenhang bringen. Hingegen sind die mikrobiellen Biozönosen im Haselbach nachweislich von den wechselnden Zirkulationsphasen beeinflusst. Die hier verwendeten Methoden sind zur Charakterisierung mikrobieller Biozönosen in der Umweltmikrobiologie weit verbreitet. Die Anwendung der neuen Pyrosequenzierungsmethode ermöglichte trotz enormer Anzahl analysierter Sequenzen keine vollständige Erfassung der hohen Biodiversität, aber durch das Fehlen des Klonierungsschrittes wurde eine Fehlerursache in der Darstellung der realen Biozönose ausgeschlossen. Unstimmigkeiten in den Ergebnissen der verschiedenen Experimente beruhen meist auf methodischen Limitationen. Die DNA Isolationsmethode, die Vorauswahl von Primern, die bevorzugte Amplifikation, die allen PCR-basierten Methoden zu Grunde liegen, verschieben die reale Darstellung der Struktur einer Biozönose. Die fehlende Aussagekraft über die Aktivität der Mikroorganismen durch DNA basierte Analysen kann durch die Beobachtung der zeitlichen Änderungen ihrer Abundanz reduziert werden. Erste einflussnehmende Umweltparameter konnten ermittelt werden. Zusätzliche Analysen weiterer Elektronenakzeptoren über einen längeren Zeitraum sind jedoch nötig, um eine hinreichend sichere Aussage treffen zu können.

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Maas, Bea. « Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes : Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Neora Valley national park »

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