Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Neighbourhood communities »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Youssef, Karim. « Rethinking Neighbourhood Cohesion in the Suburbs : Insights from Communities in Calgary ». Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2020 (1 octobre 2020) : 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cpp-apc.v2020i0.13445.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Neighbourhood cohesion is a desirable outcome of socially sustainable communities. However, such an outcome is not necessarily associated with suburban master-planned communities. This empirical research measures affective and interactive dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion and their correlations with residents’ perception of neighbourhood uniqueness. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, it considers the physical and social attributes of two suburban neighbourhoods in Calgary to provide an in-depth interpretation of similarities and differences in neighbourhood cohesion. The findings address an important aspect of community planning associated with the attractiveness of semi-gated suburban living in low-density developments embedded in the natural environment.
Keywords: neighbourhood cohesion, semi-gated suburb, sense of community, community planning, uniqueness
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Barton, Tina. « Conditions for economic prosperity : transforming residential neighbourhoods ». Papers in Canadian Economic Development 17 (16 septembre 2017) : 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v17i0.77.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In every city there are stories of neighbourhood successes and failures. Why do some neighbourhoods excel at attracting and sustaining economic activity, whereas others fail? What conditions would best assist a neighbourhood in enhancing its economic prosperity? This paper examines the connection between transit-oriented development and economic impact, with a comparison of bus versus light-rail transit implications. “Complete streets” and mixed-use models of development, evolving lifestyle preferences, and related opportunities for community economic development are explored. Communities, municipalities and neighbourhood business associations can draw upon these models, practices and strategic considerations to guide their planning for future economic success.Keywords: Suburban economic development, neighbourhood revitalization, transit-oriented development, mixed-use neighbourhoods, community placemaking
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Laurence, James. « Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital : An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London ». Sociology 51, no 5 (10 mai 2016) : 1011–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516641867.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.
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Dikmans, Bas, Sarah Dury, Toon Vercauteren et Ingrid Pecquet. « Old but not out : Practical and theoretical implications for a caring and compassionate neighbourhood through civic engagement in later life ». International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28 décembre 2023) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23363.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: The importance of civic engagement for caring and compassionate neighbourhoods is often overlooked in public and academic debate. Especially, civic engagement in later life in neighbourhoods is understudied. Research on this topic can shed light on the various obstacles and enablers that can stimulate or hinder civic engagement in later life at the local level.
Aim: This workshop gives insight into the processes of in- or exclusion of civic engagement in later life at a neighbourhood level. Additionally, the goal is to stimulate reflection among participants about civic engagement in relation to caring neighbourhoods and compassionate communities and to jointly advance the state of knowledge.
Participants: This session is relevant for people who civically engage in their respective neighbourhoods, as well as for practitioners, civil servants, politicians, researchers, and others who are interested in stimulating and understanding civic engagement in later life at the neighbourhood level. Those who have no experience with the subject are also welcome.
Methods: The session starts with presentations of both researchers and a representative of a sociocultural organisation, to ensure both theoretical and practical coverage of the topic. Equipped with the background from the presentations, this workshop will continue by making personas to understand how a neighbourhood can create facilitators and barriers to civic engagement.
1.Introduction (10 min): The session starts with an introduction by prof. Dr. Sarah Dury about the meaning of compassionate and caring communities and how civic engagement activities like informal help and volunteering can play a role in it.
2.Three presentations (30 min):
1) The relationship of civic engagement in later life and the neighbourhood level (Toon Vercauteren, VUB): A presentation on how the neighbourhood interacts with civic engagement in later life with a focus on volunteering and informal helping behaviours.
2) Civic engagement in later life in a socially disadvantaged neighbourhood (Bas Dikmans, VUB): This presentation will focus on how the socially disadvantaged neighbourhood can pose obstacles to but also foster civic engagement in later life.
3) Practical examples of civic engagement in a socially disadvantaged neighbourhood in Schaerbeek (Ingrid Pecquet, Eva Bxl): Practical examples of civic engagement activities in later life that contribute to caring and compassionate communities will be presented.
3.Creating personas in groups (35 min): Together with the participants, we will construct personas, which are imaginary persons with characteristics and experiences of a particular group. In this workshop, we will focus on neighbourhood characteristics to understand how a neighbourhood can shape civic engagement in later life.
4.Plenary and closing session (15 min): The personas of each group will be briefly presented in the closing feedback round. The ideas generated during the session will be collected on a writing board that can be shared with the audience afterwards.
End goal: This workshop will inform participants about what civic engagement in later life can look like in a neighbourhood. It will discuss the challenges and opportunities that arise in its practical application linked to caring neighbourhoods and compassionate communities.
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Alade, Wale, et Abubakar Olaseni. « Travel Behaviour of the Elderly in Planned and Unplanned Communities of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria ». Built Environment Journal 17, no 1 (12 mars 2020) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i1.9725.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Interest in the study of travel behaviour of the elderly has been growing in the last two decades and many of the works done were concentrated in the global north. Evidence from literature reveals that most of these studies focus more on the impacts of individual and household socioeconomic attributes, urban form, travel attributes, and policy factors on the travel behaviour of the elderly, but less onthe influence of neighbourhood planning. This paper examined the travel behaviour of old people in Festac town (planned) and Ketu (unplanned) community of Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria to determine the influence of neighbourhood planning on travel pattern. The two neighbourhoods were carefully and purposively selected for collection of socio-economic and travel data through a structured questionnaire that was administered on 155 randomly selected elderly respondents. The study revealed significant differences and some similarities in respondents’ socio-economic and travel characteristics. Respondents from the planned community have a higher daily meantrip rate and mean trip time than those in unplanned community. Residents of the planned community also undertake higher work and social trips and rely on automobile more than those in unplanned community. Apart from the fact that the majority of respondents travel more during the off-peak period, frequent road congestion was reported as the top mobility challenge among respondents in the two neighbourhoods. The study concluded that neighbourhood planning affects travel behaviour and recommended a walkable neighbourhood concept and promotion of elderly-friendly public transport system for the study area.
Keywords: Aging, community, elderly, neighbourhood planning, travel behaviour.
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Gibbons, Joseph, Michael S. Barton et Timothy T. Reling. « Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community ? Evidence from Philadelphia ». Urban Studies 57, no 6 (19 mars 2019) : 1143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019829331.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the more detrimental effects of gentrification is the potential for a decreased sense of neighbourhood community. Systematic analysis of the effect of gentrification on communities has been limited. This study investigated how an individual’s sense of connection to neighbourhood community, as measured by trust, belongingness and sense of cooperation, was influenced by their residence in a gentrifying neighbourhood. We utilised hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighbourhood data from the 2000 Decennial Census and 2010–2014 American Community Survey. We find that gentrification overall has a negative relation with neighbourhood community, but this relationship varied by the racial/ethnic turnover underlying the changes taking place in these neighbourhoods. Specifically, we find that gentrification marked by increases in Whites and decreases in non-Whites had no measurable relation with neighbourhood community; that gentrification marked by increases in non-Whites alone had a positive effect on neighbourhood community for Black and Hispanic residents; and that gentrifying neighbourhoods which experienced an increase in both Whites and non-Whites had a negative overall relation with neighbourhood community.
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Olaseni, Abubakar, et Wale Alade. « Travel Behaviour of the Elderly in Planned and Unplanned Communities of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria ». Built Environment Journal 17, no 1 (25 mars 2020) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i1.9663.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Interests in the study of travel behaviour of the elderly have been growing in the last two decades and many of the works done are concentrated in the global north. Evidence from literature reveals that most of these studies focus more on the impact of individual and household socioeconomic attributes, urban form, travel attributes, and policy factors on the travel behaviour of the elderly, but less on the influence of neighbourhood planning. This paper examined the travel behaviour of old people in Festac town (planned) and Ketu (unplanned) community of Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria with a view to determining the influence of neighbourhood planning on travel pattern. The two neighbourhoods were carefully and purposively selected for collection of socio-economic and travel data through structured questionnaire that was administered on 155 randomly selected elderly respondents. The study revealed significant differences and some similarities in respondents’ socio-economic and travel characteristics. Respondents from the planned community have a higher daily mean trip rate and mean trip time than those in unplanned community. Residents of planned community also undertake higher work and social trips and rely on automobile more than those in unplanned community. Apart from the fact that the majority of respondents travel more during the off-peak period, frequent road congestion was reported as the top mobility challenge among respondents in the two neighbourhoods. The study concluded that neighbourhood planning affects travel behaviour and recommended a walkable neighbourhood concept and promotion of elderly friendly public transport system for the study area.
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Eshruq Labin, Ahlam, Saqer Sqour, Abdelmajeed Rjoub, Rami Al Shawabkeh et Safa Al Husban. « Sustainable Neighbourhood Evaluation Criteria -Design and Urban Values (Case study : Neighbourhoods from Al-Mafraq, Jordan) ». Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 31, no 2 (26 octobre 2022) : 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30953.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A sustainable neighbourhood is critical in preserving the environment for future generations, as various societies are suffering from increasing reliance on vehicles and low social interaction. This study aims to compare two neighbourhoods in terms of implementing the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. This study is based on eight sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria related to design and urban values are: regional issues, compacted form, mixed land-use, connectivity, pedestrian-oriented building, public sphere of the neighbourhood, relationship with transit, and walkability. University District and Jordan Villa Compound newly developed residential neighbourhoods located in Al-Mafraq city in Jordan were chosen as a case study to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. The primary and secondary data were obtained from various resources, including; previous studies that related to the topic, site surveys and personal interviews. The results show that The University District is more sustainable and walkable than the Jordan villa compound; due to several reasons as the grid pattern of planning and the high population density. The importance of this study comes from implementing the sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria to develop communities to become more sustainable and walkable.
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WADHAMS, CHRIS. « Reinventing Communities-the Neighbourhood Way ». Political Quarterly 67, no 4 (octobre 1996) : 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.1996.tb01603.x.
Texte intégral
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Walsan, Ramya, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, Nagesh Pai et Andrew Bonney. « Examining the Association between Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no 20 (15 octobre 2019) : 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203905.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with T2D comorbidity in SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals with an SMI living in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, between 2010 and 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used to assess the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and SMI -T2D comorbidity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth. Compared with the most advantaged neighbourhoods, residents in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had 3.2 times greater odds of having SMI–T2D comorbidity even after controlling for confounding factors (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.42–7.20). The analysis also revealed significant geographic variation in the distribution of SMI -T2D comorbidity in our sample (Median Odds Ratio = 1.35) Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage accounted for approximately 17.3% of this geographic variation. These findings indicate a potentially important role for geographically targeted initiatives designed to enhance prevention and management of SMI–T2D comorbidity in disadvantaged communities.
Thèses sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Gurr, Charlotte, Adrienne McCurdy et Sarah Rose Robert. « Neighbourhood Hubs : Engaging Communities for Sustainability ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3332.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Society is facing a great sustainability challenge, where the design of its social systems has made it increasingly difficult for the planet to support humanity. Given the complexity of the sustainability challenge, the planet requires a shift in the way society is organised and a commitment to sustainability from individuals and communities. This thesis explores how neighbourhood hubs can serve as a platform to engage individuals to take an active participatory role in their community. Neighbourhood hubs are defined as: a fixed physical gathering place which intentionally brings people together to carry out services, activities, programs and events that serve the local community. This research sought to uncover the dynamic and engaging characteristics of neighbourhood hubs that attract participants as well as the benefits of hubs to the local community in the form of community capitals. By combining the approach of Strategic Sustainable Development with the engaging characteristics of hubs, this thesis provides a planning tool to help hubs work towards their vision and move society towards sustainability. Neighbourhood hubs are found to be an effective and inspiring way for communities to move towards a vibrant and sustainable future.carlygurr@gmail.com; adrienne.mccurdy@gmail.com; sarahrose.robert@gmail.com
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Orton, Marian. « Ageing in urban neighbourhoods in Beijing, China : an ethnographic study of older Chinese people's neighbourhood experiences ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95079/.
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This thesis explores Chinese older people’s perception and experiences of ageing and age care in an urban neighbourhood in Beijing China. It is informed by a growing body of theoretical and empirical research regarding ageing and also draws upon research that has made linkage between ageing and place. However, little research has investigated older people’s experiences of ageing in a rapid changing urban neighbourhood and how these environmental changes affect their day to day lives in China. Thus, by conducting 34 in-depth interviews, participant observation in three urban neighbourhoods in urban Beijing and photography produced by the researcher, this study took a social constructionist stance and ethnographic research design to explore older people’s ageing experience in a rapidly changing environment, in this case, the role of the neighbourhood outdoor places in their day to day lives. The findings from this study demonstrate that the Western understanding of AIP is not sufficient to apply to the current social, economic and cultural context in urban Beijing. As the nascent concept of Ageing in place (AIP) has been embedded within broad socio-cultural institutions, numerous institutional legacies and socio-cultural factors directly and indirectly related to AIP serve as the discursive resources that shape and inform individuals’ disputant discourses. These factors not only frame their basic logics, vocabularies and moral reasoning but also shape their structural positions on housing access, pension rights and later-life care. Participants in these three neighbourhoods have been constantly constructing and reconstructing their understanding of ageing and AIP with the wider economic, political, social and cultural influences. These interesting perceptions of and attachment to neighbourhood engagement invite further theoretical reflections, as ageing and age care for older people in China have been greatly influenced by existing cultural norms, as well as new social trends, in a far more complicated and ambivalent fashion than commonly assumed and observers have envisioned.
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Fichtner, Andreas, Werner Härdtle, Helge Bruelheide, Matthias Kunz, Ying Li et Oheimb Goddert von. « Neighbourhood interactions drive overyielding in mixed-species tree communities ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234890.
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Theory suggests that plant interactions at the neighbourhood scale play a fundamental role in regulating biodiversity–productivity relationships (BPRs) in tree communities. However, empirical evidence of this prediction is rare, as little is known about how neighbourhood interactions scale up to influence community BPRs. Here, using a biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment, we provide insights into processes underlying BPRs by demonstrating that diversity-mediated interactions among local neighbours are a strong regulator of productivity in species mixtures. Our results show that local neighbourhood interactions explain over half of the variation in observed community productivity along a diversity gradient. Overall, individual tree growth increased with neighbourhood species richness, leading to a positive BPR at the community scale. The importance of local-scale neighbourhood effects for regulating community productivity, however, distinctly increased with increasing community species richness. Preserving tree species diversity at the local neighbourhood scale, thus seems to be a promising way for promoting forest productivity.
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Rule, John. « Practising place : stories around inner city Sydney neighbourhood centres ». University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/387.
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The Neighbourhood Centres (NCs) in Sydney, Australia, were established to encourage forms of local control and resident participation and to provide a range of activities to build, strengthen and support local communities and marginalised groups. This thesis is concerned with exploring the personal conceptions, passions and frameworks, as well as the political and professional identities, of activists and community workers in these NCs. It also explores stories of practice and of how these subjective experiences have been shaped through the discourses around the NCs, some of which include feminism, environmentalism, multiculturalism and social justice. The following key research questions encouraged stories of community practice: What do the terms empowerment, participation, community service and citizenship mean for community organisation? What did community workers and organisers wish for when they became involved in these community organisations? What happened to the oppositional knowledges and dissent that are part of the organisational histories? Foucault’s concept of governmentality is used to explore the possibility that these NCs are also sites of ‘government through community’. This theoretical proposition questions taken-for-granted assumptions about community development and empowerment approaches. It draws on a willingness of the research participants to take up postmodern and poststructuralist theories. ‘Practising place’ emerges in the research as a description of a particular form of activism and community work associated with these inner city Sydney NCs. The central dimensions of ‘practising place’ include: a commitment to identity work; an openness to exploring diverse and fluid citizenship and identity formations; and the use of local knowledges to develop a critique of social processes. Another feature of ‘practising place’ is that it involves an analysis of the operation of power that extends beyond structuralist explanations of how to bring about social change and transform social relations. The research has deconstructed assumptions about empowerment, community participation, community organisations and community development, consequently another way of talking about the work of small locally based community organisations emerges. This new way of talking builds upon research participants’ understandings of power and demonstrates the utility of applying a poststructural analysis to activist and community work practices. Overall the research suggests that if activists and community workers are to work with new understandings of the operation of power, then the languages and social practices associated with activist and community work traditions need to be constantly and reflexively analysed and questioned.
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Colson, Justin. « Local communities in fifteenth century London : craft, parish and neighbourhood ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/022998f6-8295-56c4-acb7-f0e109d48fbe/10/.
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This thesis explores structural changes to the institutions of urban life within the City of London during the fifteenth century. While the late medieval period posed many challenges, London fared well. Profound changes gripped its economic and social infrastructure: traditional medieval forms of social organisation and control changed into formalised structures and procedures, with implications for the social makeup of the City itself. Using an innovative combination of methodologies, including GIS mapping and Social Network Analysis, social topography and sociability are investigated to reconstruct changes in ‘civil society'. Focusing upon four neighbouring parishes, the thesis is particularly concerned with personal interaction and locations of residence and trade. Archival study of hundreds of wills and deeds has created a dataset detailing legal and personal relationships between 4,000 Londoners. Social transformations are revealed at a local level by reconstructing and mapping property boundaries, and chronologies of ownership, as well as social relationships expressed in wills. Early in the century the City was still segregated into relatively homogenous ‘trade quarters', for both customary and pragmatic reasons. Bridge Street, for example, was a natural focus for Fishmongers. Prosopographical study of that Company has revealed a ‘quasi-federal' structure, simultaneously reflecting neighbourhood identities and wider commercial interests. Yet, by the close of the century, a fundamental shift in the nature of Companies, from a ‘personal', to a formal social basis, transformed the social topography of the City into a much more heterogeneous form. The erosion of localised Craft structures coincided with the diversification of social activities of parish churches, revealed in the volume and breadth of community participation. Furthermore, the strength of informal sociability within the neighbourhood remained constant in the face of these changes. The neighbourhood thus remained a fundamental element in the infrastructure of the late-medieval City, both defining, and reflecting, local sociability.
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Mutlu, Can E. « Insecurity Communities : Technologies of Insecurity Governance Under the European Neighbourhood Policy ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24334.
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This dissertation explores the European Union’s (EU) European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as a technology of insecurity governance in order to better understand insecurity management practices of the EU bureaucracies and policy elites. The central argument of the project is that security communities are insecurity communities. Rather than trying to maintain a state of non-war, insecurity communities establish and further develop a constant productive field of insecurity management that aims to identify and govern threats and unease. The projects core contributions rest with the security community theory and the literature on the EU’s external governance literatures. Empirically, the dissertation focuses on the human mobility and transportation insecurity management practices of the EU in relation to the uses of e-Passports and intermodal containers.
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McGarrigle, Jennifer Leigh. « Understanding South Asian residential preferences in Glasgow : neighbourhood attachment and suburbanisation ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2321/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Although, much has been written about the housing conditions and segregation of minority ethnic groups, less has been written about their housing careers, residential mobility, and preferences. This thesis attempts to address these limitations in our knowledge and to enhance our understanding of the residential location and preferences of South Asian households. To fully explore these objectives the research adopts a triangulated approach; combining a quantitative study using census data of both the residential location and concentration of South Asian groups in the study area and in-depth interviews with migrating South Asian households. The major findings of the research show that over the past ten years Greater Glasgow has seen changes in the residential location of its South Asian population; the results of the census analysis detail the maintenance of both residential differentiation and continued concentration in the inner city as well as evidence of dispersal to traditionally white suburban areas, areas adjacent to the core and in-between areas. The processes underlying these changes are shown to be dynamic and complex, encompassing elements of choice and constraint and reflecting negotiated choices. Cultural expectations, religious observance, financial constraint and limited housing options interact with choice in sustaining ethnic clustering in the inner-city. On the other hand we seen the spatial ramifications of changing practices social aspirations and economic opportunity for a selected group of movers. Although ethnicity and religion play a continuing role in shaping the residential choices of the South Asians interviewed, these factors were not independent but interacted with individual/personal factors, class, economic status, gender, age, family issues and the dynamic nature of culture in determining locational needs and preferences. The South Asian population is shown to be differentiated from within. This suggests that the idea of a coherent ‘Asian community’ obscures differences and generates assumptions regarding residential behaviour and ‘in-group’ identities not matched in the empirical data presented here.
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Bynner, Claire. « Social contact and trust : a study of a super diverse neighbourhood ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7360/.
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This thesis presents an in-depth case study of a superdiverse neighbourhood in Glasgow where long-term white and ethnic minority communities reside alongside Roma migrants, asylum seekers and refugees, young professionals and other recent arrivals in traditional tenement housing. It focuses on the nature and extent of social contact and trust and on the role of context in shaping social relations. Employing the concepts of social milieu and intersectionality to identify social differences the research examines the relationships between five broad groupings of residents in the neighbourhood: Nostalgic Working Class, Scottish Asian, Liberal Homeowners, Kinship-sited Roma and Global Migrants. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in contexts within the neighbourhood, theorised as being potential sites for intergroup contact. Three types of interactions were examined: Group-based Interactions, Neighbour Interactions and Street Interactions. The data comprised documentary evidence, participant and direct observations, in-depth qualitative and walk-along interviews with residents and local organisations. Findings show that rather than individualising and isolating residents, superdiversity can stimulate community activism, yet there remains a preference for interaction within one’s own social milieu. The research has found that the concentration of poverty and material conditions has a more profound effect on social relations than historical diversity and the extent to which diversity is normalised within local discourses. Trust judgements in a superdiverse context may rely more on shared interests, moral outlook and assessments of the context rather than the extent of social contact. The quasi-private spaces of shared residential spaces and community activities can facilitate encounters with the potential to build trust, yet for this to occur cooperation through shared activities may not be sufficient. Interactions may need to move beyond co-presence and conviviality to increased understanding and empathy through dialogue. At an aggregate level, the extent to which superdiversity contributes to social contact and trust within the neighbourhood is strongly influenced by contextual factors and wider economic processes influencing housing tenure mix, private renting, property maintenance, residential churn and environmental conditions. Through examining different types of social contacts, the dynamics of trust as well as contextual influences, this thesis offers insights into the causal processes and factors that influence social relations at a local level.
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Hope, Antony Steven. « Communities that care : an insight into male career patterns in a small neighbourhood ». Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/323929.
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This study will offer an insight into the complex living of a group of mid-thirties males in a small neighbourhood and describe their personal career journeys. In particular, the study will highlight the complex influence of social capital, the men’s personal development through the ‘opportunity structure’ (K. Roberts, 1977) and how chance along with place of residence impact on career advancement. There have been numerous studies that have sought to discover why people make stereotypical career choices. More specifically, how male stereotyping can influence career choice and shape identity. However, many studies fail to tackle the influence of neighbourhood and family bonding which engulfs the male individual to create a very close knit masculine gang of individuals. By taking the epistemological position of interpretivism and using a narrative interview approach, along with a life history tradition, this research addresses these shortcomings. Additionally, Bourdieu’s (1985) concept of social field is employed within this study to represent the various social arenas in which young people spend their time. This notion of fields, along with the concepts of ‘habitus’ and ‘capital’ (Bourdieu, 1985, 1986) are seen to create an effective framework for understanding the social worlds of young people and the community in which they belong. The data is drawn from 10 in-depth interviews with men in their mid-thirties, who were born and raised in an inner city neighbourhood. Despite poverty, deprivation and social exclusion, these 10 men now have a career but choose not to leave the neighbourhood of their birth. They have each turned their life around by being confident, persistent, and determined to succeed, thereby empowering other individuals and their community, to build their own ladders out of poverty and towards a brighter future. However, this is a close knit network of friends and family that according to the headteacher in the local secondary school are ‘unwilling to move the boundaries of opportunity and rely too much on the ways of the past’. Each interviewee has a story to tell and these stories are interwoven and analysed through common themes explored in depth in the thesis. These stories map out a career trajectory that is based on rites of passage into adulthood and an adult sense of masculinity. Throughout the interviews evidence is provided to support the argument that ‘opportunity structure’ (K. Roberts, 1977) plays an important role in the career path of young people. Furthermore, it is argued that career choice is a developmental process with many twists and turns along the way. However, it is further argued that an identity based on age, location, ethnicity, along with common interests and a shared purpose, creates a closed shop ethos, where education and employment are shaped by elders within the family and close friends. In fact, because everyone knows everyone else, a strong common bond between family and friends is displayed, this creates strong loyalties which are manifested in the behaviour of each individual. This situation creates a large gang of individuals whose organisation has a hierarchical structure, starting from new entrants or recruits, through to elders at the top. Membership through birth is non-negotiable and to refuse to be part of this wider family could result in psychological and physiological consequences for the individual.
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Bonnerjee, Jayani Jeanne. « Neighbourhood, city, diaspora : identity and belonging for Calcutta's Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/400.
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This thesis is located in the wider debates in postcolonial cultural geography on the city and diaspora. It engages with everyday lived spaces of Calcutta’s Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities through a focus on ideas of home, identity, belonging, cosmopolitanism and nostalgia. Drawing on overlapping narratives of these two communities in the city and in diaspora in London and Toronto, the thesis explores the idea of Calcutta as a ‘diaspora city’ and also the notion of a ‘Calcutta diaspora’. It explores the material and imaginative entanglements of migration and places narratives of identity and belonging for its Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities in the context of the city. Both Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities have been an integral part of Calcutta’s colonial and postcolonial histories, and although many members of both communities have migrated elsewhere in recent times, the city remains an important locus of emotional register. It is in this context that the thesis studies everyday lived spaces at different scales: in the neighbourhood, in the city and in diaspora. While the actual spaces are located/ rooted in real neighbourhoods and cities inhabited by the communities, the imagination of these spaces both in the city and in diaspora also intersect to create a more complex relationship between minority communities and cities. Methodologically, the thesis has adopted a multi-sited, qualitative approach to follow the lives of the communities across cities. Whilst a large part of the material has been drawn from in-depth interviews, the thesis also uses material drawn through ethnographic research and participant observation at community events, maps of the neighbourhood and city drawn by interviewees and secondary material such as community publications and websites, films, pamphlets and newspaper reports.
Livres sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Great Britain. Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions., dir. New deal for communities : Neighbourhood Renewal Unit. London : Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions, 2001.
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R, Alterman, et Cars Göran, dir. Neighbourhood regeneration : An international evaluation. London : Mansell, 1991.
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Wood, Martin. Neighbourhood images of Teeside : Regeneration or decline ? York : YPS, 1999.
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Great Britain. Teenage Pregnancy Unit. et Great Britain. Neighbourhood Renewal Unit., dir. Teenage pregnancy and Neighbourhood Renewal : Learning from New Deal for Communities. London : Department of Health, 2002.
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Green, Geoff. Capital accounting for neighbourhood sustainability : Housing and the regeneration of coalfield communities. Sheffield : Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, 2001.
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Ohri, Ashok. The world in our neighbourhood : Black and ethnic minority communities and development education. London : Development Education Association, 1997.
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Pendergrast, Eudora S. Community councils and neighbourhood committees : Lessons for our communities from around the world. Toronto : Canadian Urban Institute, 1997.
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Constructing communities : Clustered neighbourhood settlements of the Central Anatolian Neolithic, ca. 8500-5500 Cal. BC. Leiden : Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2006.
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Cattell, Vicky. Neighbourhood images in East London : Social capital and social networks on two East London estates. York : YPS, 1999.
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Ho, Kong Chong. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia. NL Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983885.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The largest cities in Pacific Asia are the engines of their countries’ economic growth, seats of national and regional political power, and repositories of the nation’s culture and heritage. The economic changes impacting large cities interact with political forces along with social cultural concerns, and in the process also impact the neighbourhoods of the city. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia looks at local collective action and city government responses and its impact on the neighbourhood and the city. A multi-sited comparative approach is taken in studying local action in five important cities (Bangkok, Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore and Taipei) in Pacific Asia. With site selection in these five cities guided by local experts, neighbourhood issues associated with the fieldsites are explored through interviews with a variety of stakeholders involved in neighourhood building and change. The book enables comparisons across a number of key issues confronting the city: heritage (Bangkok and Taipei), local community involved provisioning of amenities (Seoul and Singapore), placemaking versus place marketing (Bangkok and Hong Kong). Cities are becoming increasingly important as centers for politics, citizen engagement and governance. The collaborative efforts city governments establish with local communities become an important way to address the liveability of cities.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Wiryomartono, Bagoes. « House and Neighbourhood ». Dans Perspectives on Traditional Settlements and Communities, 19–28. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-05-7_2.
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Upart, Anatole. « Chicago’s Woodlawn neighbourhood ». Dans Modern Architecture and Religious Communities, 1850–1970, 198–212. New York : Routledge, 2018. : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351043724-12.
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Gyimóthy, Szilvia. « 'Not in my stairway' : how do neighbours cope with peer-to-peer rentals in housing cooperatives ? » Dans Peer-to-peer accommodation and community resilience : implications for sustainable development, 123–32. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246605.0010.
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Abstract This chapter approaches resilience as a problem-solving practice in neighbourhood communities, by discussing how peer-to-peer (P2P)-accommodation platform rentals have been embraced in a Nordic context. I review the evolution and cultural history of Danish housing cooperative movements as mundane hotbeds of participatory democracy and argue that everyday Nordic practices of cohabitation are signifcant for building resilience. Departing from the notion of the community as performatively constituted, I provide a brief illustration of how neighbourhoods are enacted in residents' images or notions of cohesion as well as of shared values, practices and spaces. Based on empirical illustrations from disputes concerning P2P rentals and construction of private balconies in Copenhagen, my position is that neighbourhood conficts challenge, but may also enhance, societal cohesion, because they revive discussions about the rights and duties of community members.
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Ergler, Christina, et Melody Smith. « Connecting Schools with Local Communities Through Walkable Urban Design ». Dans Schools as Community Hubs, 131–45. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9972-7_9.
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AbstractEducational facilities generate traffic to and from school by car, on foot and on wheels. Which mode of travel dominates in a school community depends on several different factors including but not limited to the neighbourhood design, traffic safety, employment structures, community norms, and school policies. This chapter traces the socio-technical entanglements of traveling to school. We focus on the barriers to, and benefits of, active travel (i.e., walking or wheeling for transport) and showcase what children value on their route to school. Additionally, we highlight how built environments and social practices need to be transformed for creating sustainable, healthy and inclusive urban environments. We argue that to foster inclusive communities and to create a sense of belonging outside the school gates, a multi sector approach is needed to challenge and transform current travel norms and practices together with the physical environment of neighbourhood travel.
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Klekotko, Marta. « Community Question : Classical Debates ». Dans Scenes and Communities in the City, 1–47. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43464-8_1.
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AbstractThe chapter provides an overview of the classical debates on community question. It discusses various approaches to community, comprehended as a neighbourhood, a network or a sense of belonging. In the introduction to the chapter, an overview of the concept of community as opposed to city is presented and the nature of the community question is explained. The introduction is followed by the presentation of the concepts supporting the “community saved” hypothesis and provides the details on the classical approach to the urban community as a neighbourhood as well as discusses contemporary approaches to community comprehended as a place-based social ties. Next, the chapter provides details on the “community liberated” hypothesis and discusses a variety of concepts of community comprehended as a network and a sense of belonging. The chapter concludes with the statement that there is a conceptual gap in the community studies that reflects the “agency vs structure” division. It presents some attempts to overcome them, paying particular attention to Talia Blokland’s concept of community as urban practice, and points to the need for the development of a new approach that would overcome the shortcomings of the current approaches to community and would allow for exploration of the phenomena that have remained so far out of view of community studies.
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Dessì, Valentina. « The Schoolyard : A Space for School and Neighbourhood Communities ». Dans Renewing Middle School Facilities, 167–209. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19629-5_7.
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Revellini, Rosaria. « Social Sustainability and Inclusive Environments in Neighbourhood Sustainability Assessment Tools ». Dans The Urban Book Series, 947–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_84.
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AbstractNeighbourhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) tools are voluntary rating systems for certifying sustainable neighbourhoods in case of new constructions or urban renewals. They consist of categories and indicators to value specific performances. Their purpose is to objectify planned interventions assigning a final score which identifies the overall performance of the district in terms of sustainability. However, is it possible to affirm that these systems actually contribute to the improvement of inclusiveness and healthy living in the neighbourhoods? This question arises as a reflection on the two main issues that contemporary cities have to face urgently which are urbanization and ageing population, focusing attention on developed countries. In this regard, “new” urban spaces are called to achieve inclusion and healthy living for all the people and the neighbourhood represents the right scale for reasoning about. The present study investigates some of the most commonly used neighbourhood scale tools (BREEAM Communities, GBC Italia, DGNB Districts, Living Community Challenge, EcoDistricts) looking at how these systems can help to create more inclusive districts. In particular, the analysis aims to understand how much the social pillar of sustainability affects on urban wellbeing. In fact, there is the evidence that in most NSA tools environmental dimension shall prevails on the others. Through a review of each protocol’s “social” categories and of the recent literature on these topics, the study wants to underline criticalities and potentialities of NSA systems and tries to understand in which way a new protocol should act in order to help municipalities, planners and stakeholders in designing inclusive and accessible environments for all.
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Moore, Hollis. « The Mata Escura Penal Compound : An Analysis of the Prison-Neighbourhood Nexus in Northeast Brazil ». Dans Carceral Communities in Latin America, 171–94. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61499-7_8.
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Jaiswal, Rajesh, et Sheela Ramanna. « Detecting Overlapping Communities Using Distributed Neighbourhood Threshold in Social Networks ». Dans Rough Sets, 432–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52705-1_32.
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Flint Ashery, Shlomit. « The Litvish Community of Gateshead : Reshaping the Territoriality of the Neighbourhood ». Dans Spatial Behavior in Haredi Jewish Communities in Great Britain, 59–84. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25858-0_6.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Li, Alan, Jospehine Pui-Hing Wong, Kenneth Fung, Linda Zhang, Mandana Vahabi et Tyler Fox. « Planting Imagination : Community Co-Design for Toronto’s Chinatown West ». Dans 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.98.
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Planting Imagination ran from 2021 to 2023 (during a pandemic recovery period) in Toronto’s Chinatown neighbourhood. It brought together a group of local Chinatown community organizations and University researchers to recruit 60 diverse ‘Chinatown Activators’ (CAs) and six Community Facilitators (CFs) from across the community. CFs and Cas used virtual reality (VR) technology to co-design a local community garden and develop new visions for the future of Chinatown. Using cutting-edge VR visioning and the principles of the Collaborative Community Engagement Model (CCEM) co-design, the Chinatown community was provided with a platform to virtually envision the future of their own community and neighbourhood as a collaborative process. In doing so, they explored how we might transform the way we build and mobilize communities, (re)construct communityidentities, and strengthen the community’s resilience to promote social justice and equity. This process strengthened community solidarity to enable local residents to more readily steward the future of the built environment and respond collectively to challenging events like the pandemic. Bringing together diverse disciplines and practices (including architecture, cultural psychiatry, interior design, immersive technology, computer science and public health), Planting Imagination developed models of therapeutic VR co-creation delivered through a series of online and in-person multi- lingual community co-design and co-fabrication sessions that prioritized the communities and neighbourhoods disproportionately impacted by COVID-19.
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Buckner, S., A. Barnes, H. Jordan, C. Lee, C. Mattocks, E. Oliver, D. Pope et L. Lafortune. « P93 Ageing well in rural communities : the contribution of neighbourhood planning in England ». Dans Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.185.
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Ferroni, Sibilla, Martina Ferrando et Francesco Causone. « Environmental impact assessment of renewable energy communities : the analysis of an Italian neighbourhood ». Dans 2023 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2023.1544.
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Weshah, Nesreen, et Farnaz Sadeghpour. « Measuring the Sustainability of Existing Communities Using LEED for Neighbourhood Development (LEED-ND) Rating System ». Dans International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction (ICSDC) 2011. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41204(426)75.
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Visser, Froukje Sleeswijk, et Jeroen Van Erp. « Let’s step into each other’s worlds : designing for local transformation processes ». Dans ServDes.2023 Entanglements & Flows Conference : Service Encounters and Meanings Proceedings, 11-14th July 2023, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp203009.
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In our densely-populated cities, fostering harmony between differing communities is an increasingly difficult art, and one in which design can provide positive contributions. This paper describes a design project which aimed to decrease tensions between youth and residents in a city neighbourhood through an empathy-building process. Individuals from both groups were guided through the process of stepping into each others’ worlds (through Virtual Reality) and developing solutions together to address points of tension. Their individual transformative processes were tracked in order to make the implicit outcomes of such design processes explicit. Throughout this process new dynamics and connections emerged, revealing grounds for structurally decreasing tensions and promoting participatory approaches for local transformation processes. This paper describes the project and presents our learnings regarding (1) the transformative impact on the involved individuals from the neighbourhood and (2) reflections on the contributing roles of the designers in social innovation projects.
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Zagorskas, Jurgis. « GIS-based Estimation of Function Mix in Urban Environment at Neighbourhood Scale ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.129.
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Urban consumption is growing with every year and the studies of urban form, density, transportation, and infrastructure are becoming more popular research topics. Mixed-use development is widely recognized and discussed subject of urban sustainability. It helps to cope with energy and transportation related problems in urban environment, forms walking-friendly, economically and socially vital communities. Although mixed land use is the key planning principle of sustainable development and this term frequently appears in the urban planning strategies and literature, it is rarely elaborated upon with substantive and empirical support. Furthermore – the standard mathematical models and methods for quantifying this parameter in most cases are meant for macro-scale, e.g. comparison between cities, districts. This approach miss the human scale – the scale of walkable neighbourhood, and is not suitable to support local planning decisions and detailed measures. This study performs functional mix analysis of Klaipėda City (Lithuania) with emphasis on neighbourhood scale. The demonstrated model proves the importance of scale factor and adds another dimension to existing methods providing background for micro-scale studies of urban form.
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Rico Thirion, Marco Antonio, et Alstan Jakubiec. « Pedestrian-Oriented Communities : Regenerating critical street typologies using Spatial-Accessibility simulation tools to forecast change in neighbourhood GHG emissions ». Dans 2023 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2023.1552.
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Hanzl, Malgorzata. « Self-organisation and meaning of urban structures : case study of Jewish communities in central Poland in pre-war times. » Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5098.
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In spatial, social and cultural pluralism, the questions of human intentionality and socio-spatial emergence remain central to social theory (Portugali 2000, p.142). The correlation between individual preferences, values and intentions, and actual behaviour and actions, is subject to Portugali’s theory of self-organisation (2000). Compared to Gidden’s structuralism, which focuses on society and groups, the point of departure for Portugali (2000) are individuals and their personal choices. The key feature in how complex systems `self-organise', is that they `interpret', the information that comes from the environment (Portugali 2006). The current study explores the urban environment formerly inhabited, and largely constructed, by Jews in two central Polish districts: Mazovia and Lodz, before the tragedy of the Holocaust. While the Jewish presence lasted from the 11th century until the outbreak of World War II, the most intensive development took place in the 19th century, together with the civilisation changes introduced by industrialisation. Embracing the everyday habits of Jewish citizens endows the neighbourhood structures they once inhabited with long gone meanings, the information layer which once helped organise everyday life. The main thesis reveals that Jewish communities in pre-war Poland represented an example of a self-organising society, one which could be considered a prototype of contemporary postmodern cultural complexity. The mapping of this complexity at the scale of a neighbourhood is a challenge, a method for which is addressed in the current paper. The above considerations are in line with the empirical studies of the relations between Jews and Poles, especially in large cities, where more complex socio-cultural processes could have occurred. References: Eco, U. (1997) ‘Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture’, in Leich, N. (ed.) Rethinking Architecture: A reader in cultural theory (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London) 182–202. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (2003) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Marshall, S. (2009) Cities, Design and Evolution (Routledge, Abingdon, New York). Portugali, J. (2000) Self-Organization and the City, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg). Portugali, J. (2006) ‘Complexity theory as a link between space and place’, Environment and Planning A 38(4) 647–664.
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Leng, Hong, Huimin Zhao et Chunyu Zou. « Assessing the built environment of neighborhood in the winter city from the perspective of pupils' commuting safety ». Dans Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hswz2399.
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Safety commuting environment can promote children’s walking and cycling, thus reducing the risk of obesity and other diseases. Most of the existing studies on children’s safety focus on open space, but pay little attention to children's commuting environment. Moreover, few studies pay attention to the differences between open blocks and gated communities in winter city. Taking Harbin, a winter city in China, as an example, this study uses the optimized IPA method to explore the built environment factors affecting pupils’ commuting safety from three aspects: environment design, social management and road traffic. The results show that the influencing factors of road traffic have the highest impact on pupils‘ commuting safety. In addition, the occupation management in social management also has a great impact. In terms of satisfaction, the satisfaction with gated communities is generally higher than that with open blocks, but the satisfaction of open block is higher in neighbourhood relationship and street thermal environment. By coupling the importance and satisfaction of influencing factors, it is found that safety guardrail, signal identification, occupation management are in urgent need of renovation.
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Zeng, Yue. « Community response to public health emergency and thoughts on improving the resilience of community planning, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ». Dans Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nyzh4125.
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Communities are the front lines facing Covid-19, in addition to city entrances. This paper uses four mega cities in China as the cases, which are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. It uses a text-mining method to express online news about the anti-Covid-19 measures of communities in these case cities, and conducts a qualitative research on 1207 press releases, which are published by official media, institutions and self-media from January 2020 to September 2020. According to the analysis, the main anti-Covid-19 measures in community level include strengthening publicity by using mobile social media; clarifying the situation of every household; intensifying the management of neighbourhood entrance; upgrading epidemic prevention and public health management; cooperation with all social forces; shortening the distance between daily necessities and residents, and preliminary applications of smart technology. On this basis, this article attempts to propose thoughts on enhancing community resilience, including orienting from space to human; using mobile social network apps to promote public participation; enhancing the flexibility of community planning; integrating risk management thinking into community planning and refining community governance with the help of smart technology.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Neighbourhood communities"
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Huynh, Tai, Nathalie Sava, Shoshana Hahn-Goldberg, Jen Recknagel, Isaac I. Bogoch, Kevin A. Brown, Vinity Dubey et al. Mobile On-Site COVID-19 Vaccination of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities by Neighbourhood Risk in Toronto. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.14.1.0.
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Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are apartment, condo, co-op and social housing buildings that while not purpose-built for older adults, have become home to a high number of them. In Toronto, there are 489 residential buildings that are NORCs. Of these, 256 are located in neighbourhoods with the highest cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2, and are home to 40,955 older adults 65 years of age and above, including 18,144 older adults 80 years of age and above. Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination by both age and neighbourhood of residence is an effective strategy to minimize deaths, morbidity, and hospitalization. Targeting people living in NORCs in high-risk neighbourhoods for early vaccination is a practical application of that strategy, which will also address barriers to vaccination in this population.
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Hemmersam, Peter, Håvard Breivik-Khan, Morgan Ip et Tone Selmer-Olsen. The Role of Urban Public Spaces in Managing Displacement in Norway. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.041.
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Refugees, temporarily displaced people, and migrants who arrive in Norwegian cities would benefit from equitable access to urban public spaces. Research suggests that the design and management of public urban spaces and local neighbourhood centres can improve migrants’ wellbeing and encourage local cross-cultural interactions. Permanent architectural and urban spaces planned and built for emergency purposes should benefit people who are displaced as well as host communities. To achieve this, urban planning, and migration and displacement management – two mostly separate fields of governance – should collaborate and learn from each other.
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Turmena, Lucas, Aline Lusieux, Simone Sandholz, Flávia Guerra et Michael Roll. TUC City Profile : Recife, Brazil. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/rrep9173.
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Recife is a prominent front-runner for climate policymaking in Brazil, having formulated robust plans and strategies at the city scale. The next step is to overcome the gap between strategic planning and local action at the neighbourhood scale. Historically, urban development in Recife has been marked by social inequalities. To ensure social inclusion and justice in climate action, it is critical to open up governance structures to include bottom-up, community-based approaches and incentivize co-production of urban space between governmental and non-governmental actors. Climate action can build on opportunities to also tackle inequalities in Recife, prioritizing the most vulnerable communities. To support this goal, social indicators can be used next to traditional emissions data to assess how transformative climate action is in the city. The climate agenda should be mainstreamed into urban development in Recife, particularly in the context of upgrading informal and low-income settlements. Capacity development and awareness raising activities drawing on local expertise, knowledge and practices can facilitate that.
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Helliwell, John, Hugh Shiplett et Christopher Barrington-Leigh. How Happy are Your Neighbours ? Variation in Life Satisfaction among 1200 Canadian Neighbourhoods and Communities. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24592.
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Collyer, Michael, et Laura Hammond. Migrants on the margins final report. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/jtld8758.
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Migrants on the margins was a five-year collaborative field research project that investigated the movement of migrants into and around four of the world’s most pressured cities: Colombo in Sri Lanka, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Harare in Zimbabwe and Hargeisa in Somaliland. Supported by the Society, the research team adopted a comparative approach to look at the opportunities available to migrants in order to better understand their experiences and vulnerabilities. Research in the four cities engaged with both newly arrived and well-established residents of 13 neighbourhoods, and involved focus groups, surveys, walk along interviews, oral histories, Q methodology, and GIS and participatory community mapping workshops. The key findings from the project have shed light on the incredible challenges of living in the neighbourhoods studied as well as the significant levels of population mobility, or churn, within these communities. The research also highlights the impact of clear gender differences in men’s and women’s roles in communities, as well as the effect of evictions and tenure security on residents, and how people can easily become ‘trapped’ within these neighbourhoods. Results from the research are continuing to influence policy within the four cities, and the research team have worked to support local policy makers and municipalities to improve the situations that migrants find themselves in.
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Schulte, Jillian, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick et Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Minoritised Youth in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. SSHAP, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.009.
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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. Despite being over-represented in COVID-19 case counts and fatalities, Black residents were under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination during the first year and half of the pandemic. In Ohio, while roughly 60% of Cuyahoga County residents are fully vaccinated, just 45% of Cleveland residents are fully vaccinated. Lower-income, majority Black, east side neighbourhoods have markedly lower vaccination rates compared to higher-income, mostly white neighbourhoods. Young people ages 16-40 became eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine on March 29th, 2021, and individuals aged 12 and above were able to get vaccinated from May 2021 onward. However, large disparities exist based age, race, and zip code. This brief illustrates underlying reasons shaping COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among minority (especially Black and Latinx) youth (ages 12-18) and offers key considerations for how young people can be better engaged within Cleveland, Ohio. This brief is based on research, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 young people across 16 neighbourhoods through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach in Cleveland to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight areas of hesitancy and confidence. In this brief, we share findings from the study and key considerations for addressing youth ‘vaccine hesitancy’ around the COVID-19 vaccine are presented. This brief was authored by Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Elizabeth Benninger (Cleveland State University), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), and includes contributions from Elizabeth Davies (Cleveland State University), Diane Mastnardo, Brenda Pryor (MyCom), Brinda Athreya (Case Western Reserve University), Ivis Maldonado (MyCom) and reviews from Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.