Articles de revues : « Neighborhood sorting »

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Bayer, Patrick, et Robert McMillan. « Tiebout sorting and neighborhood stratification ». Journal of Public Economics 96, n^o 11-12 (décembre 2012) : 1129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.02.006.

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Lens, Michael C. « Measuring the geography of opportunity ». Progress in Human Geography 41, n^o 1 (10 juillet 2016) : 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132515618104.

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Quantitative segregation research focuses almost exclusively on the spatial sorting of demographic groups. This research largely ignores the structural characteristics of neighborhoods – such as crime, job accessibility, and school quality – that likely help determine important household outcomes. This paper summarizes the research on segregation, neighborhood effects, and concentrated disadvantage, and argues that we should pay more attention to neighborhood structural characteristics, and that the data increasingly exist to include measures of spatial segregation and neighborhood opportunity. The paper concludes with a brief empirical justification for the inclusion of data on neighborhood violence and a discussion on policy applications.

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Epple, Dennis, Michael Peress et Holger Sieg. « Identification and Semiparametric Estimation of Equilibrium Models of Local Jurisdictions ». American Economic Journal : Microeconomics 2, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2010) : 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.2.4.195.

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We develop a new model of household sorting in a system of residential neighborhoods. We show that this model is partially identified without imposing parametric restrictions on the distribution of unobserved tastes for neighborhood quality and the shape of the indirect utility function. The proof of identification is constructive and can be used to derive a new semiparameteric estimator. Our empirical application focuses on residential choices in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. We find that sorting of households with children exhibit more stratification by income than sorting of households without children. (JEL C51, D12, H41, J12, R21, R23)

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Böhlmark, Anders, et Alexander Willén. « Tipping and the Effects of Segregation ». American Economic Journal : Applied Economics 12, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 318–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170579.

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We analyze how neighborhood ethnic population composition affects the short- and long-run education and labor market outcomes of natives and immigrants. To overcome the problem of nonrandom sorting across neighborhoods, we borrow theoretical insights from the tipping point literature and exploit estimated tipping thresholds as instruments for changes in ethnic population composition. Our results provide little evidence in support of the idea that living in a neighborhood with a higher immigrant share leads to worse outcomes. (JEL I20, J15, J24, R23)

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Chen, Xiangming, et Jiaming Sun. « Untangling a Global–Local Nexus : Sorting Out Residential Sorting in Shanghai ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 39, n^o 10 (octobre 2007) : 2324–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38446.

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The local ‘touchdown’ of globalization gives rise to many complex global–local nexuses, and understanding their nature, structure, and consequences presents a major analytical challenge for globalization research. This paper attempts to untangle one global–local nexus by examining the ‘sorting’ of people into residential or neighborhood spaces in globalizing Shanghai as a function of individual demographic and socioeconomic attributes and by examining personal global connectivity as a key relational variable. We begin with an overview of how local residential differentiation in general and particularly in Shanghai has evolved through the current phase of accelerated globalization and through the city's booming decade of the 1990s. Then, using survey data from the Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2001, we present a statistical account and analysis of the increasingly varied and layered residential spaces of Shanghai into which people are ‘sorted’ by both internal local and extralocal factors. The analysis shows that, net of a number of demographic and socioeconomic variables, personal global connections have an effect on people living in different neighborhood areas, especially in more expensive and exclusive housing estates. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings for how the individual-level impact of global connectivity could reinforce local spatiosocial stratification in rapidly globalizing cities like Shanghai.

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Mordechay, Kfir, et Jennifer B. Ayscue. « Policies needed to build inclusive cities and schools ». education policy analysis archives 26 (6 août 2018) : 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.3659.

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Race and class segregation have long governed patterns of residential sorting in the American metropolis. However, as urban neighborhoods across the country experience an influx of white and middle-class residents, they could alleviate the stark economic and racial segregation that is ubiquitous to urban neighborhoods and school systems. This paper argues that gentrification is a growing phenomenon with great potential to influence neighborhoods as well as cities and the schools within them. Key steps are discussed that policymakers can take to foster neighborhood and school change that is both inclusive and equitable.

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Pearman, Francis A., et Walker A. Swain. « School Choice, Gentrification, and the Variable Significance of Racial Stratification in Urban Neighborhoods ». Sociology of Education 90, n^o 3 (24 mai 2017) : 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040717710494.

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Racial and socioeconomic stratification have long governed patterns of residential sorting in the American metropolis. However, recent expansions of school choice policies that allow parents to select schools outside their neighborhood raise questions as to whether this weakening of the neighborhood–school connection might influence the residential decisions of higher-socioeconomic-status white households looking to relocate to central city neighborhoods. This study examines whether and the extent to which expanded school choice facilitates the gentrification of disinvested, racially segregated urban communities. Drawing data from the Decennial Census, the American Community Survey, the National Center for Educational Statistics, and the Schools and Staffing Survey, this study finds evidence that college-educated white households are far more likely to gentrify communities of color when school choice options expand. In particular, the expansion of school choice increases the likelihood of gentrification by up to 22 percentage points in the most racially isolated neighborhoods of color—more than twice the baseline likelihood for such communities.

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Liu, Xinyu, Hong Wan et Li Shi. « Quality Metrics of Spike Sorting Using Neighborhood Components Analysis ». Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 8, n^o 1 (17 septembre 2014) : 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701408010060.

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While an electrode has allowed for simultaneously recording the activity of many neurons in microelectrode extracellular recording techniques, quantitative metrics of cluster quality after sorting to identify clusters suited for single unit analysis are lacking. In this paper, an objective measure based on the idea of neighborhood component analysis was described for evaluating cluster quality of spikes. The proposed method was tested with experimental and simulated extracellular recordings as well as compared to isolation distance and Lratio. The results of simulation and real data from the rodent primary visual cortex have shown that values of the proposed method were related to the accuracy of spike sorting, which could discriminate well- and poorly-separated clusters. It can apply on any study based on the activity of single neurons.

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Caetano, Gregorio. « Neighborhood sorting and the value of public school quality ». Journal of Urban Economics 114 (novembre 2019) : 103193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2019.103193.

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Shertzer, Allison, et Randall P. Walsh. « Racial Sorting and the Emergence of Segregation in American Cities ». Review of Economics and Statistics 101, n^o 3 (juillet 2019) : 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00786.

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Residential segregation by race grew sharply during the early twentieth century as black migrants from the South arrived in northern cities. Using newly assembled neighborhood-level data, we provide the first systematic evidence on the impact of prewar population dynamics within cities on the emergence of the American ghetto. Leveraging exogenous changes in neighborhood racial composition, we show that white flight in response to black arrivals was quantitatively large and accelerated between 1900 and 1930. A key implication of our findings is that segregation could have arisen solely from the flight behavior of whites.

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Flippen, Chenoa A., et Emilio A. Parrado. « Forging Hispanic Communities in New Destinations : A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina ». City & ; Community 11, n^o 1 (mars 2012) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2011.01369.x.

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The Chicago School of urban sociology and its extension in the spatial assimilation model have provided the dominant framework for understanding the interplay between immigrant social and spatial mobility. However, the main tenets of the theory were derived from the experience of prewar, centralized cities; scholars falling under the umbrella of the Los Angeles School have recently challenged the extent to which they are applicable to the contemporary urban form, which is characterized by sprawling, decentralized, and multinucleated development. Indeed, new immigrant destinations, such as those scattered throughout the American Southeast, are both decentralized and lack prior experience with large–scale immigration. Informed by this debate this paper traces the formation and early evolution of Hispanic neighborhoods in Durham, NC, a new immigrant destination. Using qualitative data we construct a social history of immigrant neighborhoods and apply survey and census information to examine the spatial pattern of neighborhood succession. We also model the sorting of immigrants across neighborhoods according to personal characteristics. Despite the many differences in urban form and experience with immigration, the main processes forging the early development of Hispanic neighborhoods in Durham are remarkably consistent with the spatial expectations from the Chicago School, though the sorting of immigrants across neighborhoods is more closely connected to family dynamics and political economy considerations than purely human capital attributes.

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Altonji, Joseph G., et Richard K. Mansfield. « Estimating Group Effects Using Averages of Observables to Control for Sorting on Unobservables : School and Neighborhood Effects ». American Economic Review 108, n^o 10 (1 octobre 2018) : 2902–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141708.

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We consider the classic problem of estimating group treatment effects when individuals sort based on observed and unobserved characteristics. Using a standard choice model, we show that controlling for group averages of observed individual characteristics potentially absorbs all the across-group variation in unobservable individual characteristics. We use this insight to bound the treatment effect variance of school systems and associated neighborhoods for various outcomes. Across multiple datasets, we find that a ninetieth versus tenth percentile school/neighborhood increases the high school graduation probability and college enrollment probability by at least 0.04 and 0.11 and permanent wages by 13.7 percent. (JEL C51, H75, I21, I26, J24, J31, R23)

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Yao, Su Fen, et Jian Qiang Zhao. « Coverage Optimization of Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm ». Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (novembre 2013) : 914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.914.

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A strategy for controlling mobile nodes based on PSO algorithm with neighborhood disturbance was proposed for improving the network coverage rate in wireless sensor networks. The non-dominated sorting strategy was led into basic PSO algorithm to seek best particle and adaptive neighborhood disturbance operation was used to conquer the drawback of PSO falling into local optimum. Therefore, the effect of network coverage had been improved and the network energy consumption can be reduced.

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Li, Sheng, Kuo-Liang Chang et Lanlan Wang. « Racial residential segregation in multiple neighborhood markets : a dynamic sorting study ». Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 15, n^o 2 (16 novembre 2017) : 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11403-017-0207-2.

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Quillian, Lincoln. « A Comparison of Traditional and Discrete-Choice Approaches to the Analysis of Residential Mobility and Locational Attainment ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660, n^o 1 (9 juin 2015) : 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215577770.

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This article contrasts traditional modeling approaches and discrete-choice models as methods to analyze locational attainment—how individual and household characteristics (such as race, socioeconomic status, age) influence the characteristics of neighborhoods of residence (such as racial composition and median income). Traditional models analyze attributes of a neighborhood as a function of the characteristics of the households within them; discrete-choice methods, on the other hand, are based on dyadic analysis of neighborhood attributes and household characteristics. I outline two problems with traditional approaches to residential mobility analysis that may be addressed through discrete-choice analysis. I also discuss disadvantages of the discrete-choice approach. Finally, I use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to estimate residential mobility using traditional locational attainment and discrete-choice models; I show that these produce similar estimates but that the discrete-choice approach allows for estimates that examine how multiple place characteristics simultaneously guide migration. Substantively, these models reveal that the disproportionate migration of black households into lower-income tracts amounts to sorting of black households into black tracts, which on average are lower income.

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Martin, Gregory J., et Steven W. Webster. « Does residential sorting explain geographic polarization ? » Political Science Research and Methods 8, n^o 2 (22 octobre 2018) : 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.44.

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AbstractPolitical preferences in the United States are highly correlated with population density, at national, state, and metropolitan-area scales. Using new data from voter registration records, we assess the extent to which this pattern can be explained by geographic mobility. We find that the revealed preferences of voters who move from one residence to another correlate with partisan affiliation, though voters appear to be sorting on non-political neighborhood attributes that covary with partisan preferences rather than explicitly seeking politically congruent neighbors. But, critically, we demonstrate through a simulation study that the estimated partisan bias in moving choices is on the order of five times too small to sustain the current geographic polarization of preferences. We conclude that location must have some influence on political preference, rather than the other way around, and provide evidence in support of this theory.

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Rosen, Eva. « Rigging the Rules of the Game : How Landlords Geographically Sort Low–Income Renters ». City & ; Community 13, n^o 4 (décembre 2014) : 310–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12087.

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This paper considers an unexamined mechanism in the selection processes that sort the urban poor into different neighborhood environments: the landlord. Scholars of poverty and residential mobility have long been interested in how the choices of low–income families interact with structural barriers to create high–poverty neighborhoods that reproduce social and economic isolation as well as racial segregation. However, they have not examined the ways in which these choices are shaped by the intermediary force of the landlord. This paper draws on ethnographic observation and in–depth interviews with 20 landlords and 82 residents in Baltimore, examining their engagement with the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program. Findings show that landlords’ strategic implementations of voucher rules contribute to residential sorting patterns through a three–step process: first, selection, in which targeted recruitment tactics favor voucher tenants; second, a sorting process in which landlords cherry–pick the lower–end voucher tenants, matching them to hard–to–rent units; and third, landlords’ selective retention of tenants who do not have the means to leave. This results in rigging the game, where a process of “reverse selection” operates: Rather than tenants selecting homes and neighborhoods, landlords are selecting tenants. Taken together, these tactics result in a strategic balkanization of the rental housing market that retains voucher holders where they can be most profitable—in the very neighborhoods policymakers would like to provide them with the opportunity to leave. Landlord tactics serve as a powerful mechanism in the concentration of poverty.

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He, Xueting, Hao Quan, Wanlong Lin, Weiliang Deng et Zheyi Tan. « AGV Scheduling Optimization for Medical Waste Sorting System ». Scientific Programming 2021 (14 juin 2021) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4313749.

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The dramatic increase in medical waste has put a severe strain on sorting operations. Traditional manual order picking is extremely susceptible to infection spread among workers and picking errors, while automated medical waste sorting systems can handle large volumes of medical waste efficiently and reliably. This paper investigates the optimization problem in the automated medical waste sorting system by considering the operational flow of medical waste. For this purpose, a mixed-integer programming model is developed to optimize the assignment among medical waste, presorting stations, and AGVs. An effective variable neighborhood search based on dynamic programming algorithm is proposed, and extensive numerical experiments are conducted. It is found that the proposed algorithm can efficiently solve the optimization problem, and the sensitivity analysis gives recommendations for the speed setting of the conveyor.

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Bibler, Andrew, et Stephen B. Billings. « Win or Lose : Residential Sorting After a School Choice Lottery ». Review of Economics and Statistics 102, n^o 3 (juin 2020) : 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00868.

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We examine residential relocation and opting out of the public school system in response to school choice lottery outcomes. We show that rising kindergartners and sixth graders who lose a school choice lottery are 6 percentage points more likely to exit the district or change neighborhood schools (20% to 30% increase) and make up 0.14 to 0.35 standard deviations in average school test scores between lottery assignment and attendance the following year. Using hedonic-based estimates of land prices, we estimate that lottery losers pay a 9% to 11% housing price premium for access to a school with a 1 standard deviation higher mean test score.

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Gimpel, James G., et Iris S. Hui. « Seeking politically compatible neighbors ? The role of neighborhood partisan composition in residential sorting ». Political Geography 48 (septembre 2015) : 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.11.003.

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Banzhaf, H. Spencer, et Randall P. Walsh. « Segregation and Tiebout sorting : The link between place-based investments and neighborhood tipping ». Journal of Urban Economics 74 (mars 2013) : 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.09.006.

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Spielman, Seth E., Eun-Hye Yoo et Crystal Linkletter. « Neighborhood Contexts, Health, and Behavior : Understanding the Role of Scale and Residential Sorting ». Environment and Planning B : Planning and Design 40, n^o 3 (janvier 2013) : 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b38007.

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Bader, Michael D. M., et Maria Krysan. « Community Attraction and Avoidance in Chicago ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660, n^o 1 (9 juin 2015) : 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215577615.

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We argue that the relative persistence of racial segregation is due, at least in part, to the process of residential search and the perceptions upon which those searches are based—a critical but often-ignored component of the residential sorting process. We examine where Chicago-area residents would “seriously consider” and “never consider” living, finding that community attraction and avoidance are highly racialized. Race most clearly shapes the residential perceptions and preferences of whites, and matters the least to blacks. Latinos would seriously consider moving to numerous neighborhoods, but controls for demographics and distance from the respondents’ home make Latino preferences much like those of whites. Critically, the geography of existing segregation begets further segregation: distance from current community significantly affects perceptions of the communities into which respondents might move. While neighborhood perception may cause persistent segregation, it may also offer hope for integration with appropriate policy interventions.

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Hu, Shuli, Xiaoli Wu, Huan Liu, Yiyuan Wang, Ruizhi Li et Minghao Yin. « Multi-Objective Neighborhood Search Algorithm Based on Decomposition for Multi-Objective Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover Problem ». Sustainability 11, n^o 13 (2 juillet 2019) : 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133634.

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The multi-objective minimum weighted vertex cover problem aims to minimize the sum of different single type weights simultaneously. In this paper, we focus on the bi-objective minimum weighted vertex cover and propose a multi-objective algorithm integrating iterated neighborhood search with decomposition technique to solve this problem. Initially, we adopt the decomposition method to divide the multi-objective problem into several scalar optimization sub-problems. Meanwhile, to find more possible optimal solutions, we design a mixed score function according to the problem feature, which is applied in initializing procedure and neighborhood search. During the neighborhood search, three operators ( A d d , D e l e t e , S w a p ) explore the search space effectively. We performed numerical experiments on many instances, and the results show the effectiveness of our new algorithm (combining decomposition and neighborhood search with mixed score) on several experimental metrics. We compared our experimental results with the classical multi-objective algorithm non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. It was obviously shown that our algorithm can provide much better results than the comparative algorithm considering the different metrics.

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Yinger, John. « Hedonic markets and sorting equilibria : Bid-function envelopes for public services and neighborhood amenities ». Journal of Urban Economics 86 (mars 2015) : 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.12.001.

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Ren, Jianfeng, Chunming Ye et Yan Li. « A Two-Stage Optimization Algorithm for Multi-objective Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Considering Job Transport ». Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, n^o 6 (23 décembre 2020) : 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530617.

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This paper solves the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) considering job transport, with the aim to minimize the maximum makespan, tardiness, and energy consumption. In the first stage, the improved fast elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (INSGA-II) was combined with N5 neighborhood structure and the local search strategy of nondominant relationship to generate new neighborhood solutions by exchanging the operations on the key paths. In the second stage, the ant colony algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL-ACA) was designed to optimize the job transport task, abstract the task into polar coordinates, and further optimizes the task. The proposed two-stage algorithm was tested on small, medium, and large-scale examples. The results show that our algorithm is superior to other algorithms in solving similar problems.

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Lu, Hui, Zheng Zhu, Xiaoteng Wang et Lijuan Yin. « A Variable Neighborhood MOEA/D for Multiobjective Test Task Scheduling Problem ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/423621.

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Test task scheduling problem (TTSP) is a typical combinational optimization scheduling problem. This paper proposes a variable neighborhood MOEA/D (VNM) to solve the multiobjective TTSP. Two minimization objectives, the maximal completion time (makespan) and the mean workload, are considered together. In order to make solutions obtained more close to the real Pareto Front, variable neighborhood strategy is adopted. Variable neighborhood approach is proposed to render the crossover span reasonable. Additionally, because the search space of the TTSP is so large that many duplicate solutions and local optima will exist, the Starting Mutation is applied to prevent solutions from becoming trapped in local optima. It is proved that the solutions got by VNM can converge to the global optimum by using Markov Chain and Transition Matrix, respectively. The experiments of comparisons of VNM, MOEA/D, and CNSGA (chaotic nondominated sorting genetic algorithm) indicate that VNM performs better than the MOEA/D and the CNSGA in solving the TTSP. The results demonstrate that proposed algorithm VNM is an efficient approach to solve the multiobjective TTSP.

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Tang, Min, Bin Ji, Xiaoping Fang et Samson S. Yu. « Discretization-Strategy-Based Solution for Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problem ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n^o 4 (2 avril 2022) : 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040495.

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The continuous berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem considers the size of berths and ships, the number of quay cranes, the dynamic ships and non-crossing constraints of quay cranes. In this work, a mixed-integer linear programming model of this problem is established, aiming at minimizing the total stay time and delay penalty of ships. To solve the model, the continuous berth is separated into discrete segments via a proposed discretization strategy. Thereafter, a large neighborhood search algorithm composed of the random removal operator and relaxed sorting-based insertion operator and a backtracking comparison-based constraint repair strategy are proposed. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm presented is verified via real-life instances with different characteristics, and the performances of different combinations of removal operators and insertion operators in the large neighborhood search algorithmic framework are analyzed. Numerical results show that the large neighborhood search algorithm can optimally solve the small-scale instances in a reasonable time. Meanwhile, the results of large-scale instances show that the large neighborhood search algorithm incorporating the discretization strategy is more efficient than other genetic algorithms based on continuous optimization. With the proposed approach, high-quality berth and quay crane allocation results can be obtained efficiently.

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Campos, Michelle U. « Mapping Urban “Mixing” and Intercommunal Relations in Late Ottoman Jerusalem : A Neighborhood Study ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, n^o 1 (janvier 2021) : 133–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417520000407.

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AbstractAlthough Ottoman cities long have been recognized as sites of significant ethnic and religious heterogeneity, very little scholarship exists that documents or analyzes patterns of residential sorting, be it segregation, the physical separation of groups from each other in the urban landscape, or its opposite, integration. GIS mapping of the Ottoman censuses of Jerusalem illuminates these urban patterns and reveals the importance of scale when considering this question. Even the most “integrated” neighborhood on the aggregate level reveals “segregated” zones of clustering and concentration at the smaller scales of quadrant, street, and building. At the same time, the proximity and exposure of residents to each other reveals how very porous boundaries were in the neighborhood. In order to understand how and why the city developed such a complex spatial pattern, qualitative sources like newspapers, memoirs, and court records are a necessary supplement to demographic records. This approach allows for a comprehensive outlining of the economic, legal, religious, and cultural factors and forces contributing to both segregation and integration in an Ottoman city. It also points to a multidisciplinary reconstruction of the social space of an historic neighborhood.

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Xiang, Zhuo Yuan, Ying Li et Zhi Tao Tang. « TD / GSM History of Adjacent Areas to Optimize Selection Algorithm ». Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (novembre 2011) : 2713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2713.

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In the current neighborhood switching algorithm, the mobile device to the adjacent areas of all measured signals, switching delay resulting connection may be lost, adjacent areas of rapid change as a key commercial TD. Adjacent areas based on the choice of optimization algorithm to switch at some stage in the database area of the district the highest success rate statistics, and dynamically adjust the priority of the cell sorting to select the optimal cell handoff history. The algorithm can reduce the search time measured adjacent areas, thereby reducing the overall process of switching delay.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Poning Sih, Sundari Retno Andani, Indra Gunawan et Irawan Irawan. « Pemilahan dan Pendeteksi Kualitas Telur Ayam Terbaik Berbasis Mikrokontroler Menggunakan Arduino Nano ». BEES : Bulletin of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2, n^o 1 (27 juillet 2021) : 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bees.v2i1.782.

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Eggs have become the main consumption for the community such a neighborhood and marketplace. Therefore the development of chicken farming is getting bigger. Especially in the chicken egg-producing sector. There are still many chicken egg breeders who still use traditional methods such as sorting by binoculars and smell is not enough to know the good quality of eggs properly. Here the author designs a tool that can overcome these problems. The Egg Sorter and detector using a nano microcontroller and photodiode sensor is a control system that work by sorting the good and bad quality of chicken eggs by put the eggs on the conveyor and scanning it using photodiode sensor that will detected it which eggs are good or not. And after that the data will be sent to the microcontroller to drive the servo motor to set aside poor quality eggs by pushing eggs out of the path while eggs with good quality will passing by and go to container that containing eggs with a good quality one. The purpose of this Egg sorting is to minimize the existence of defects in eggs and facilitate the process of sorting eggs before the eggs are distributed to the market and also before consumption by consumers. The results of this study are to help poultry ease their work in checking the quality of eggs so as to provide a sense of security and ease in monitoring poultry production.

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Schachner, Jared N. « Parental Depression and Contextual Selection : The Case of School Choice ». Journal of Health and Social Behavior 62, n^o 2 (19 avril 2021) : 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465211001058.

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Parental depression constricts children’s development, but the mechanisms implicated—beyond daily parenting tactics—remain unknown. Today, parents must evaluate and select environmental contexts for child-rearing within increasingly complex residential and educational markets. Depression may hamper parents’ abilities to navigate this terrain, constraining information collection and impairing child-oriented decision-making. In turn, depressed parents’ children may lack access to developmentally enriching neighborhood, school, and child care settings. K–12 school sorting offers a strategic case to assess these expectations, given proliferating nontraditional options and school quality data. Analyses using the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (N = 2,754) linked to administrative data suggest that depressed parents’ children attend magnet, charter, or private schools at lower rates than similarly situated children of nondepressed parents; depression-based disparities appear largest among Latino and Black families. The study motivates future research examining whether the depression-contextual selection link mediates intergenerational processes and exacerbates segregation.

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Gamper-Rabindran, Shanti, et Christopher Timmins. « Hazardous Waste Cleanup, Neighborhood Gentrification, and Environmental Justice : Evidence from Restricted Access Census Block Data ». American Economic Review 101, n^o 3 (1 mai 2011) : 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.620.

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We test for residential sorting and changes in neighborhood characteristics in response to the cleanup of hazardous waste sites using restricted access fine-geographical-resolution block data. We examine changes between 1990 and 2000 in blocks within 5km of sites that are proposed to the National Priority List that fall in a narrow interval of Hazardous Ranking Scores, comparing blocks near sites that were cleaned with those near sites that were not. Cleanup leads to increases in population density and housing unit density; increases in mean household income and shares of college-educated; but also to increases in the shares of minorities.

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Xi, Jingke, et Shukun Ran. « Quantum image K-nearest neighbor mean filtering ». Quantum Information and Computation 23, n^o 1&2 (janvier 2023) : 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic23.1-2-4.

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Quantum image filtering is an extension of classical image filtering algorithms, which mainly studies image filtering models based on quantum characteristics. The existing quantum image filtering focuses on noise detection and noise suppression, ignoring the effect of filtering on image boundaries. In this paper, a new quantum image filtering algorithm is proposed to realize the K-nearest neighbor mean filtering task, which can achieve the purpose of boundary preservation while suppressing noise. The main work includes: a new quantum compute module for calculating the absolute value of the difference between two non-negative integers is proposed, thus constructing the quantum circuit of the distance calculation module for calculating the grayscale distance between the neighborhood pixels and the center pixel; the existing quantum sorting module is improved to sort the neighborhood pixels with the distance as the sorting condition, and thus the quantum circuit of the K-nearest neighbor extraction module is constructed; the quantum circuit of the K-nearest neighbor mean calculation module is designed to calculate the gray mean of the selected neighbor pixels; finally, a complete quantum circuit of the proposed quantum image filtering algorithm is constructed, and carried out the image de-noising simulation experiment. The relevant experimental indicators show that the quantum image K-nearest neighbor mean filtering algorithm has the same effect on image noise suppression as the classical K-nearest neighbor mean filtering algorithm, but the time complexity of this method is reduced from $O\left(2^{2 n}\right)$ of the classical algorithm to $O\left(n^{2}+q^{2}\right)$.

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Persson, Torsten, et Guido Tabellini. « Democratic Capital : The Nexus of Political and Economic Change ». American Economic Journal : Macroeconomics 1, n^o 2 (1 juin 2009) : 88–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.1.2.88.

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We study the dynamics of economic and political change, theoretically and empirically. Democratic capital measured by a nation's historical experience with democracy, and the incidence of democracy in its neighborhood, appears to reduce exit rates from democracy and raise exit rates from autocracy. Higher democratic capital stimulates growth by increasing the stability of democracies. Heterogeneous effects of democracy induce sorting of countries into political regimes, which helps explain systematic differences between democracies and autocracies. Our results suggest the possibility of a virtuous circle, where accumulation of physical and democratic capital reinforce each other, promoting economic development and consolidation of democracy. (JEL D72, I31, N10, N40, O47)

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Prihadianto, Rahaditya Dimas, Abduh Sayid Albana, Ayu Endah Wahyuni et Hendrawan Widianto. « PEMBUATAN WORKBENCH ERGONOMIS UNTUK MENDUKUNG AKTIVITAS PEMILAHAN, PENGEPRESAN, DAN PENGARUNGAN SAMPAH AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN DI KELURAHAN WONKUSUMO SURABAYA ». LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2021) : 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.5.2.330-335.2021.

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Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan workbench untuk kegiatan Bank Sampah di Kelurahan Bulaksari. Para Ibu rumah tangga di beberapa Rukun Tetangga (RT) melakukan pengelolaan sampah Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) dengan melakukan sortir, pembersihan sampah dan pengarungan. Namun, didapati kondisi selama proses sortir sampah, tidak ergonomis, dimana para ibu rumah tangga ini melakukan kegiatan tersebut tidak dengan menggunakan alat bantu yang layak dan dengan posisi duduk membungkuk. Implikasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terbagi ke beberapa kegiatan, pertama adalah mengadakan sosialisasi terkait kegiatan pengelolaan sampah dan itikad untuk membantu kegiatan tersebut. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan ergonomic workbench, dimana alat bantu ini dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan saat bekerja karena didesain dengan mengakomodir prinsip perancangan metode kerja dan produk, Terakhir adalah dengan melakukan trial produk versi pertama untuk mendapatkan masukan dalam pengembangan produk versi kedua. Kata kunci: sampah plastik, air minum dalam kemasan, alat kerja, ergonomis, bank sampah ABSTRACT This community service is to provide a workbench for garbage bank activites in Bulaksari Village. Housewives in several Neighborhood Communities (RT) manage Bottle Drinking Water (AMDK) waste by sorting, cleaning and rafting in a sack. However, it was found that the conditions during the waste sorting process were not ergonomic, where these housewives did not use proper tools and bent sitting position. The implication of community service activities are divided into several activities, first is holding socialization related to waste management activities and the intention to help these activities. Then proceed with the manufacture of an ergonomic workbench, where this tool can provide comfort and safety while working because it is designed to accommodate the principles of ergonomics designing work products. Keywords: plastic waste, bottled mineral drinking water, workbench, ergonomics, waste bank

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Salmond, J. A., M. Roth, T. R. Oke, A. Christen et J. A. Voogt. « Can Surface-Cover Tiles Be Summed to Give Neighborhood Fluxes in Cities ? » Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, n^o 1 (janvier 2012) : 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-078.1.

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AbstractThe paper addresses the question of whether the modeling practice of summing separate land-cover tiles to give urban fluxes at the neighborhood scale has merit. A central-city site in Basel, Switzerland, was instrumented to measure turbulent sensible heat fluxes QH from the two main land-cover types (roofs and canyons) separately and from the whole neighborhood. Path-averaged QH values were measured in the roughness sublayer (RSL) using scintillometry, and the spatially averaged QH neighborhood-scale flux was measured in the inertial sublayer (ISL) by an eddy-covariance system. The roof and canyon flux results are combined and weighted according to the respective plan-area abundance of each to give an estimated value of the neighborhood flux. The results show that this “bottom up” approach underestimates the measured ISL values by about 25% when averaged across all periods and wind directions. This finding led to consideration of possible errors from instrumentation, inappropriate turbulent source areas, failure to sample representative surfaces, and inability to fully capture RSL heat exchange. Sorting data by the two main wind directions revealed significant differences. The measured fluxes in the ISL and across the canyon top depend little upon wind direction, but daytime roof values show a marked sensitivity to wind direction. Qualitative analysis suggests this might be caused by systematic controls such as solar angle, site morphometry, and observational setup. The comparison of bottom up versus ISL is inconclusive; in some conditions agreement appears promising, and in others it does not. The question has not been proven or disproven. It may be too ambitious to test the concept at a real-world site.

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Yan, Shaofeng, Guohui Zhang, Jinghe Sun et Wenqiang Zhang. « An improved ant colony optimization for solving the flexible job shop scheduling problem with multiple time constraints ». Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, n^o 4 (2023) : 7519–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023325.

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<abstract> <p>The flexible job shop scheduling problem is important in many research fields such as production management and combinatorial optimization, and it contains sub-problems of machine assignment and operation sequencing. In this paper, we study a many-objective FJSP (MaOFJSP) with multiple time constraints on setup time, transportation time and delivery time, with the objective of minimizing the maximum completion time, the total workload, the workload of critical machine and penalties of earliness/tardiness. Based on the given problem, an improved ant colony optimization is proposed to solve the problem. A distributed coding approach is proposed by the problem features. Three initialization methods are proposed to improve the quality and diversity of the initial solutions. The front end of the algorithm is designed to iteratively update the machine assignment to search for different neighborhoods. Then the improved ant colony optimization is used for local search of the neighborhood. For the searched scheduling set the entropy weight method and non-dominated sorting are used for filtering. Then mutation and closeness operations are proposed to improve the diversity of the solutions. The algorithm was evaluated through experiments based on 28 benchmark instances. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the MaOFJSP problem.</p> </abstract>

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Cui, Jichang, Yanbo Qu, Yan Li, Lingyun Zhan, Guancheng Guo et Xiaozhen Dong. « Reconstruction of Rural Settlement Patterns in China : The Role of Land Consolidation ». Land 11, n^o 10 (18 octobre 2022) : 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101823.

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Taking the supplement of the quantity and quality of cultivated land in rural settlements as the departure point, this paper discusses the spatial and temporal integration reconstruction method of rural settlements. The disorderly expansion of residential areas in Pinggu District, Beijing, China has led to the erosion of high-quality cultivated land in the region and the advantages of mountain resources have not been fully utilized in this area. Therefore, Pinggu District was selected as the research area. Using the spatial analysis function in GIS, this paper uses the comprehensive correction method of the per capita construction land standard and the neighborhood substitution method to analyze the quantitative potential of rural settlements to supplement cultivated land and the qualitative grade of cultivated land after arrangement. A combination of exclusion matrices are employed to identify the spatial and temporal arrangements of rural settlements. The research shows that the effective cultivated land area of rural settlements in Pinggu District is 514.24 ha, and the coefficient of increasing cultivated land is 9.25%. Rural residential areas in the district are divided into priority sorting area, key sorting area, moderate sorting area, and restricted sorting area; they account for 18.13%, 21.10%, 20.85%, and 39.93% of the total area, respectively. According to the regional characteristics and dominant factor of the different consolidation areas, corresponding consolidation goals, models, and engineering measures are proposed to enrich the theory and approach to village planning and to provide a reference for practitioners engaged in regional rural land consolidation. The innovation of this study is putting forward the consolidation objectives, models and engineering measures based on the regional characteristics and leading factors of different land consolidation areas. This study has reference significance for the formulation and implementation of regional rural settlements consolidation planning and the policy of increasing and decreasing urban and rural construction land.

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Murray, Emily T., Owen Nicholas, Paul Norman et Stephen Jivraj. « Life Course Neighborhood Deprivation Effects on Body Mass Index : Quantifying the Importance of Selective Migration ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 16 (6 août 2021) : 8339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168339.

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Neighborhood effects research is plagued by the inability to circumvent selection effects —the process of people sorting into neighborhoods. Data from two British Birth Cohorts, 1958 (ages 16, 23, 33, 42, 55) and 1970 (ages 16, 24, 34, 42), and structural equation modelling, were used to investigate life course relationships between body mass index (BMI) and area deprivation (addresses at each age linked to the closest census 1971–2011 Townsend score [TOWN], re-calculated to reflect consistent 2011 lower super output area boundaries). Initially, models were examined for: (1) area deprivation only, (2) health selection only and (3) both. In the best-fitting model, all relationships were then tested for effect modification by residential mobility by inclusion of interaction terms. For both cohorts, both BMI and area deprivation strongly tracked across the life course. Health selection, or higher BMI associated with higher area deprivation at the next study wave, was apparent at three intervals: 1958 cohort, BMI at age 23 y and TOWN at age 33 y and BMI at age 33 y and TOWN at age 42 y; 1970 cohort, BMI at age 34 y and TOWN at age 42 y, while paths between area deprivation and BMI at the next interval were seen in both cohorts, over all intervals, except for the association between TOWN at age 23 y and BMI at age 33 y in the 1958 cohort. None of the associations varied by moving status. In conclusion, for BMI, selective migration does not appear to account for associations between area deprivation and BMI across the life course.

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Wang, Huaping, Kailun Bai, Juan Cui, Qing Shi, Tao Sun, Qiang Huang, Paolo Dario et Toshio Fukuda. « Three-Dimensional Autofocusing Visual Feedback for Automated Rare Cells Sorting in Fluorescence Microscopy ». Micromachines 10, n^o 9 (27 août 2019) : 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090567.

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Sorting rare cells from heterogeneous mixtures makes a significant contribution to biological research and medical treatment. However, the performances of traditional methods are limited due to the time-consuming preparation, poor purity, and recovery rate. In this paper, we proposed a cell screening method based on the automated microrobotic aspirate-and-place strategy under fluorescence microscopy. A fast autofocusing visual feedback (FAVF) method is introduced for precise and real-time three-dimensional (3D) location. In the context of this method, the scalable correlation coefficient (SCC) matching is presented for planar locating cells with regions of interest (ROI) created for autofocusing. When the overlap occurs, target cells are separated by a segmentation algorithm. To meet the shallow depth of field (DOF) limitation of the microscope, the improved multiple depth from defocus (MDFD) algorithm is used for depth detection, taking 850 ms a time with an accuracy rate of 96.79%. The neighborhood search based algorithm is applied for the tracking of the micropipette. Finally, experiments of screening NIH/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cells verifies the feasibility and validity of this method with an average speed of 5 cells/min, 95% purity, and 80% recovery rate. Moreover, such versatile functions as cell counting and injection, for example, could be achieved by this expandable system.

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Oyola, Jorge. « The capacitated vehicle routing problem with soft time windows and stochastic travel times ». Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, n^o 50 (10 janvier 2019) : 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n50.2019.8782.

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A full multiobjective approach is employed in this paper to deal with a stochastic multiobjective capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). In this version of the problem, the demand is considered to be deterministic, but the travel times are assumed to be stochastic. A soft time window is tied to every customer and there is a penalty for starting the service outside the time window. Two objectives are minimized, the total length and the time window penalty. The suggested solution method includes a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) together with a variable neighborhood search (VNS) heuristic. It was tested on instances from the literature and compared to a previous solution approach. The suggested method is able to find solutions that dominate some of the previously best known stochastic multiobjective CVRP solutions.

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Zhang, Xiaoxing, Zhicheng Ji et Yan Wang. « An improved SFLA for flexible job shop scheduling problem considering energy consumption ». Modern Physics Letters B 32, n^o 34n36 (30 décembre 2018) : 1840112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918401127.

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In this paper, a multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem (MOFJSP) was studied systematically. A novel energy-saving scheduling model was established based on considering makespan and total energy consumption simultaneously. Different from previous studies, four types of energy consumption were considered in this model, including processing energy, idle energy, transport energy, and turn-on/off energy. In addition, a turn-off strategy is adopted for energy-saving. A modified shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) was applied to solve this model. Moreover, operators of multi-point crossover and neighborhood search were both employed to obtain optimal solutions. Experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the SFLA compared with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with blood variation (BVNSGA-II). The results show that this algorithm and strategy are very effective.

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Liao, Zhiwu, Shaoxiang Hu, Ming Li et Wufan Chen. « Noise Estimation for Single-Slice Sinogram of Low-Dose X-Ray Computed Tomography Using Homogenous Patch ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/696212.

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We present a new method to estimate noise for a single-slice sinogram of low-dose CT based on the homogenous patches centered at a special pixel, called center point, which has the smallest variance among all sinogram pixels. The homogenous patch, composed by homogenous points, is formed by the points similar to the center point using similarity sorting, similarity decreasing searching, and variance analysis in a very large neighborhood (VLN) to avoid manual selection of parameter for similarity measures.Homogenous pixels in the VLN allow us find the largest number of samples, who have the highest similarities to the center point, for noise estimation, and the noise level can be estimated according to unbiased estimation.Experimental results show that for the simulated noisy sinograms, the method proposed in this paper can obtain satisfied noise estimation results, especially for sinograms with relatively serious noises.

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Quan, Jing. « Visualization and Analysis Model of Industrial Economy Status and Development Based on Knowledge Graph and Deep Neural Network ». Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (28 avril 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7008093.

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This paper adopts knowledge mapping combined with a deep neural network algorithm to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the current situation and development of the industrial economy and designs a visual analysis model of economic development based on knowledge mapping combined with a deep neural network algorithm. Cultivate the concept of coordinated development and legal system of the subject, improve the awareness of network security and integrity self-discipline of the subject, improve the level of network hardware equipment manufacturing, improve the level of network platform construction, build a network security technology prevention system, improve the repair system of network information alienation, set up a specialized agency setting for the coordinated development of network ecology and industrial economy, and increase the capital investment in network infrastructure and network information technology research and development. A framework of breadth and depth recommendation ranking based on a knowledge graph is proposed and implemented. This paper provides a visual analysis method to sort and classify multivariate data. The method first determines users’ preferences through their interactive operations, calculates the weights of each attribute according to the users’ preference model, then uses the obtained attribute weight sets to sort the whole data set, and finally completes the category classification according to the sorting results and the users’ markings on some data. The visual display allows users to intuitively perform data sorting and classification operations and quickly understand the characteristics and category features of the data. The framework achieves modeling and integration of knowledge graph neighborhood information from breadth dimension and depth dimension to realize personalized recommendation sorting and improves the F1 metrics by 8.59%, 14.36%, and 15.22% on the public datasets Amazon-book, Yelp2018, and ILast-FM compared with the previous optimal model.

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Sebasco, Nicholas Paul, et Hakki Erhan Sevil. « Graph-Based Image Segmentation for Road Extraction from Post-Disaster Aerial Footage ». Drones 6, n^o 11 (26 octobre 2022) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6110315.

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This research effort proposes a novel method for identifying and extracting roads from aerial images taken after a disaster using graph-based image segmentation. The dataset that is used consists of images taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at the University of West Florida (UWF) after hurricane Sally. Ground truth masks were created for these images, which divide the image pixels into three categories: road, non-road, and uncertain. A specific pre-processing step was implemented, which used Catmull–Rom cubic interpolation to resize the image. Moreover, the Gaussian filter used in Efficient Graph-Based Image Segmentation is replaced with a median filter, and the color space is converted from RGB to HSV. The Efficient Graph-Based Image Segmentation is further modified by (i) changing the Moore pixel neighborhood to the Von Neumann pixel neighborhood, (ii) introducing a new adaptive isoperimetric quotient threshold function, (iii) changing the distance function used to create the graph edges, and (iv) changing the sorting algorithm so that the algorithm can run more effectively. Finally, a simple function to automatically compute the k (scale) parameter is added. A new post-processing heuristic is proposed for road extraction, and the Intersection over Union evaluation metric is used to quantify the road extraction performance. The proposed method maintains high performance on all of the images in the dataset and achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) score, which is significantly higher than the score of a similar road extraction technique using K-means clustering.

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Wu, Daqing, et Chenxiang Wu. « Research on the Time-Dependent Split Delivery Green Vehicle Routing Problem for Fresh Agricultural Products with Multiple Time Windows ». Agriculture 12, n^o 6 (30 mai 2022) : 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060793.

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Due to the diversity and the different distribution conditions of agricultural products, split delivery plays an important role in the last mile distribution of agricultural products distribution. The time-dependent split delivery green vehicle routing problem with multiple time windows (TDSDGVRPMTW) is studied by considering both economic cost and customer satisfaction. A calculation method for road travel time across time periods was designed. A satisfaction measure function based on a time window and a measure function of the economic cost was employed by considering time-varying vehicle speeds, fuel consumption, carbon emissions and customers’ time windows. The object of the TDSDGVRPMTW model is to minimize the sum of the economic cost and maximize average customer satisfaction. According to the characteristics of the model, a variable neighborhood search combined with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (VNS-NSGA-II) was designed. Finally, the experimental data show that the proposed approaches effectively reduce total distribution costs and promote energy conservation and customer satisfaction.

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Estep, Kevin, et Pierce Greenberg. « Opting Out : Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity ». American Sociological Review 85, n^o 6 (12 octobre 2020) : 957–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420960691.

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Cases of measles and other highly contagious diseases are rising in the United States. Public health experts blame the rise partly on the spatial concentration of parents declining to vaccinate their children, but researchers have given little attention to theorizing why this clustering occurs in particular communities. We argue that residential and school selection processes create “pockets of homogeneity” attracting parents inclined to opt out of vaccines. Structural features of these enclaves reduce the likelihood of harsh criticism for vaccine refusal and foster a false sense of protection from disease, making the choice to opt out seem both safe and socially acceptable. Examination of quantitative data on personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from school-based vaccination requirements in California schools and districts, as well as findings from parent interviews, provide empirical support for the theory. We discuss substantive implications for lawmakers and public health officials, as well as broader sociological contributions concerning neighborhood effects and residential sorting.

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Saveca, John, Yanxia Sun et Zenghui Wang. « A Hybrid Multiobjective Optimization Based on Nondominated Sorting and Crowding Distance, with Applications to Wave Energy Converters ». International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (26 mars 2022) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8309697.

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Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) has attracted a lot of attention since it can handle multiobjective problems (MOP) with a complicated Pareto front. The procedure involves decomposing a MOP into single subproblems, which are eventually optimized simultaneously based on the MOP neighborhood information. However, the MOEA/D strategy tends to produce a distributed optimization that is not of good quality in some problems with complex Pareto optimal front, such as problems with a long tail and sharp peak, common in real-world situations. This paper proposes an improved MOEA/D to enhance the distributed optimization quality and minimize its complexity while accelerating the optimization to get a better solution. The improved method is achieved by incorporating a Hybrid Differential Evolution/Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and a hybrid operator based on nondominated sorting and crowding distance algorithm. This incorporation takes place in the mutation generator and initial population part of the original MOEA/D algorithm. Simulations and comparisons are carried out based on some MOP benchmark functions to verify the proposed method’s performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance compared to other algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed method is also applied to optimize the multiobjective wave energy converter model to maximize power per year and minimize cost per unit power.

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Luo, Liping, Ming Xue, Kefeng Zhu et Bowen Zhou. « Explicit Prediction of Hail in a Long-Lasting Multicellular Convective System in Eastern China Using Multimoment Microphysics Schemes ». Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, n^o 9 (20 août 2018) : 3115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0302.1.

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Abstract During the afternoon of 28 April 2015, a multicellular convective system swept southward through much of Jiangsu Province, China, over about 7 h, producing egg-sized hailstones on the ground. The hailstorm event is simulated using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) at 1-km grid spacing. Different configurations of the Milbrandt–Yau microphysics scheme are used, predicting one, two, and three moments of the hydrometeor particle size distributions (PSDs). Simulated reflectivity and maximum estimated size of hail (MESH) derived from the simulations are verified against reflectivity observed by operational S-band Doppler radars and radar-derived MESH, respectively. Comparisons suggest that the general evolution of the hailstorm is better predicted by the three-moment scheme, and neighborhood-based MESH evaluation further confirms the advantage of the three-moment scheme in hail size prediction. Surface accumulated hail mass, number, and hail distribution characteristics within simulated storms are examined across sensitivity experiments. Results suggest that multimoment schemes produce more realistic hail distribution characteristics, with the three-moment scheme performing the best. Size sorting is found to play a significant role in determining hail distribution within the storms. Detailed microphysical budget analyses are conducted for each experiment, and results indicate that the differences in hail growth processes among the experiments can be mainly ascribed to the different treatments of the shape parameter within different microphysics schemes. Both the differences in size sorting and hail growth processes contribute to the simulated hail distribution differences within storms and at the surface.

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