Thèses sur le sujet « Negev Tourism Development Administration »

Electronic service quality (e-SQ) is a new developing area of research, which has strategic importance for businesses striving to address consumers in the electronic marketspace. It is known that consumer behaviour in an online environment may differ substantially from the one displayed in the physical world. Therefore, it is important for practitioners to understand customer needs that are amenable to fulfilment in an online environment and strive to meet them. Website e-SQ, defined as "the extent to which a website facilitates efficient and effective shopping, purchasing and delivery of products and services" (Ziethaml et al. 2002, p. 363) is a powerful trigger of customer satisfaction with a website. E-SQ is what differentiates a good quality website from a customer point of view and facilitates the process of bringing customer and company together. The present study addresses e-SQ in the tourism context. The area of e-SQ in tourism appears to have been understudied, and there is clearly a need for further research. With growing role of websites as a customer contact point and virtual company office, tourism businesses are realising the strategic importance of a website as a tool for addressing consumers in electronic business environment. This study employs quantitative research paradigm to address the research problem "What constitutes tourism website e-service quality?" and hypotheses using the methods of multivariate data analysis. Empirical data are gathered through a five-month on-going online survey of potential inbound tourists of Norrbotten, the northernmost region of Sweden. The results indicate that proposed e-services fulfil online customer needs and can, therefore, form a tourism website e-SQ profile. Further findings indicate that website user demographics and online buying behaviour patterns can significantly affect users' perceptions of website quality features. The main outcome of the current research is the development of the scale for assessing the e-SQ profile of tourism websites (Meeting Online Needs of Customers or MONC scale). The scale has been tested in the follow-up study, the results of which indicated that the developed scale possesses good reliability (internal consistency) and validity (nomological and convergent). The study's managerial implications include the proposition of the consistent e-SQ profile for a tourism website, tourism e-SQ scale that can be used for evaluation of the tourism website quality, and recommendations to practitioners on how to improve website design in order to meet the online needs of tourism consumers. Further research in the area of e-SQ in tourism can be recommended, for example to follow up the current findings on the broader sample of tourism websites' visitors.
Godkänd; 2006; 20080521 (ysko)

Rural tourism is a popular development tool in both developed and developing countries. However, rural economic development can be problematic when considering the diversity of resources and stakeholder groups. In the Republic of Armenia the current system of tourism development is not benefiting rural communities in the regions. This study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of community dynamics in the rural region of Goris through the study of tourism integration. A novel assessment tool is implemented which provides a systematic qualitative evaluation of stakeholder perceptions through which strengths and weaknesses of the local tourism sector are derived. Data extracted from semi-structured interviews provide a clearer understanding of current conditions that will provide valuable insight for policy and development initiatives that seek to maximize local cooperation and benefit. It is clear from this analysis that local strengths include endogenous natural, human, and historical resources, embedded community valuation of tourism, and complementarity. Local weaknesses are related to accessibility, inadequate infrastructure, information disparity and environmental stewardship. Recommendations are made for follow up, planning and implementation.

The purpose of this research project was to analyze the reasons why foreign tourists visit Taiwan and their impact on the tourism industry in Taiwan. The descriptive survey method was mainly derived from primary data sources. However, secondary data was used to supplement the primary data sources. The study was concluded by supporting the hypothesis. The hypothesis stated that the attitude and the motivation of foreign tourists is identifiable.

A shortage of skilled labor could cost the tourism, hospitality, and leisure industry (THL) a loss of $610 billion and 14 million jobs by 2024. The literature contains the contributions of specialist THL institutions but not that of the industry leaders to ameliorating this human capital (HC) challenge. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the HC productivity strategies used by THL business leaders in Nigeria that improved employee productivity despite the lack of specialist THL institutions. The human capital theory (HCT) was the conceptual framework of the study. Coding of data derived from semistructured interviews with 3 THL industry leaders followed the modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method. Triangulation of the interview data, site observations and company documents resulted in 5 strategy themes. The study indicated that recruiting persons with essential social capital, inducting them into high ethical standards, providing in-house training, motivating with reward and recognition, and adoption of affordable technologies are key industry strategies for THL HC development. The study findings can be adopted into THL organizations human resource management strategies and as input for training managers in the THL industry. The results of this study may contribute to social change by keeping more people gainfully engaged, increasing the dignity and prosperity of THL employees and their families, and reducing the undesirable effects of unemployment such as the high crime rate in southern Nigeria.

This dissertation on the development and promotion of Mexico's tourism industry reconstructs the making of what is today that nation's third most profitable industry. Forged by Mexico's government in late 1928 as the cornerstone of state-led modernization programs, tourism became official business by 1929 when government officials, private investors, bankers and transportation companies agreed that it offered their nation an ideal vehicle toward progress once they began to rebuild after a long history of political violence and instability, shaky relations with the United States, economic underdevelopment and social revolution. Tourism suggests another framework for examining culture, politics and economics in Mexico following the revolution and during this period of intense nation building. More than just an economic solution, tourism fit into the state's broader cultural program to both modernize and unite Mexicans after the 1910 revolution. Tourism fostered nationalism and national unity. It encouraged the formation of tourist associations whose members pooled their resources to promote their nation's beauty and to finance infrastructure for the sake of national progress, peace and prosperity. Through tourism, government and private individuals debated and defined mexicanidad, or Mexicanness. In the end, promoters packaged a holiday in Mexico to U.S. tourists as a destination that embodied a harmonious convergence of modernity and antiquity---where one could visit the pyramids by day and drink martinis by night. By analyzing the formation, membership, activities and debates of official and private tourist groups between 1928--1946, this project reveals that to develop tourism the government relied on cooperation and capital from an elaborate network of promoters in Mexico and abroad. Moreover, Mexican financiers almost exclusively funded the construction of tourist infrastructure that visibly transformed Mexico by 1946 from a provincial, undeveloped nation to an urban, modern one. Scholars have examined these transformations as a product of President Miguel Aleman, 1946--52 whose administration was marked by corruption and U.S.-directed development. This research uncovers early origins of Mexican-led progress, and demonstrates how tourist development between 1928--1946 decidedly paved the way for Mexico's economic "miracle," and its era of political and social stability after World War II.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos sveikatinamojo turizmo plėtros galimybės Lietuvoje. Analizuojama kas yra sveikatinamasis turizmas, kokios sudedamosios jo dalys. Nagrinėjama plėtra, kaip nuolatinis procesas ir siekiama išsiaiškinti, kaip tai pritaikyti Lietuvos sveikatinamajame turizmo sektoriuje. Darbo tema– sveikatinamojo turizmo plėtros galimybės Lietuvoje Darbo objektas – sveikatinamasis turizmas Tikslas – nustatyti sveikatinamojo turizmo plėtros galimybes Lietuvoje Uždaviniai: 1. Aptartisveikatinamojoturizmosampratą, sudedamasiasdalis, teoriniuaspektu 2. Aptarti turizmo plėtros sampratą teoriniu aspektu 3. Išanalizuotisveikatinamojoturizmoplėtrosgalimybes Lietuvoje Problema: Sveikatinamojo turizmo plėtros galimybės Lietuvoje,nėra plačiai išanalizuotos. Metodai: Mokslinės literatūros analizė; Dokumentų analizė; Interviu; Kokybinė turinio duomenų analizė; Išvada: sveikatinamojo turizmo plėtros galimybės Lietuvoje, nuolatos kinta. Plėtra yra nuolatinis procesas, kurį veikia labai daug veiksnių. Siekiant tolydţios plėtros svarbu analizuoti plėtrą lemiančius veiksnius.
This work examines health care tourism development in Lithuania. Analyzing what is health through tourism, and what are those parts. The present development as a continuous process, and aims to find out how to adaptt heall-Lithuanian tourism sector. Work object – health tourism. Research aim–establisha healthcaretourism development inLithuania. Research targets are: 1. To discussthe concept ofa healthcaretourism, components, theoretical terms 2. To discussthe concept oftourism development intheoretical terms 3. To analyzea healthcaretourism development Methods: The scientific literature analysis Document analysis Interview Qualitative content analysis of the data Conclusion: a healthcaretourismdevelopment in Lithuaniais constantlychanging.Developmentis a continuous process switch is influenced byso many factors. In order toanalyze thesustainable developmentis important tothe development ofthe factors influencing.

Micro-sized enterprises (MEs) are many in number in the EU (93%) and are considered as vital and important actors in the push towards sustainable development. MEs perception and attitude towards sustainability dictates the outcome in the future. To understanding of how MEs perceive sustainability on the island of Gotland, Sweden, a study of 7 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MEs belonging in the hospitality sector of the tourism industry. The results show that the participants in the study had a positive outlook on sustainability and were working with sustainability in some way or form. Time and cost were the main challenges that the participants experienced with an addition of the temporary Covid19 pandemic. A correlation was found between the themes “reasons” and “priorities” which indicates that the reasons the company have for implementing sustainability affects and influences the priorities of the company.
Mikroföretag är många till antalet i EU (93%) och anses vara viktiga aktörer för att driva den hållbara utvecklingen. Mikroföretagens uppfattning och attityd mot hållbarhet påverkar resultatet och dess framtid. Att förstå hur mikroföretagen uppfattar hållbarhet på Gotland, Sverige, gjordes en studie som bestod av 7 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med företag tillhörande besöksnäringen på Gotland. Resultatet visar att deltagarna i studien hade en positiv syn på hållbarhet och arbetade mot hållbarhet på ett eller annat sätt. Tid och kostnader var de största utmaningarna som deltagarna upplevde tillsammans med den tillfälliga Covid19 pandemin. En korrelation hittades mellan teman ”anledningar” och ”prioriteringar” som indikerar att anledningarna till företagets implementering av hållbarhet påverkas och influeras av de prioriteringar som företaget har.

Background: Sustainable development is considered to be one of today's most comprehensive challenges, which will require extensive changes, adaptations and innovation in all levels of the society worldwide. Simultaneously, the social and economic phenomenon of tourism has seen remarkable growth and development over the last decades, leading to become one of the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world, as well as a key component of the evolving socio-economic progress. However, the integration between these two requires extensive adjustments and further knowledge in the process of sustainable destination development, where this study takes an intermediary perspective.  Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate and explore how a tourism intermediary in Sweden is working with sustainable development and how they can utilize their position in the process of developing a geographical area as a sustainable destination.  Method: This thesis is a qualitative study with an exploratory nature, where in-depth phenomenologically based interviews build knowledge upon exploring the participant’s responses through a series of three separate interviews. Thematic analysis was used to find patterns and relationships in order to analyze and validate the raw data, which later was applied to frameworks and previous literature to strengthen and build a final analysis.  Conclusion: This study shows how sustainability efforts need to be enhanced and extended beyond internal processes to successfully strive towards sustainable destination development. By taking collective responsibility and putting more pressure on co-operations, creating strong networks to communicate and collaborate, incorporate internal education of sustainability and familiarize with frameworks and follow-up tools, the intermediary position can be utilized to its full potential.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota alternatyvaus turizmo formų: kultūros, socialinio, kaimo, sveikatos, urbanistinio turizmo ir urbanistinio turizmo raida Lietuvoje, iškeltos šių sričių problemos bei pateikti siūlymai, kaip šias problemas spręsti. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriamas alternatyvus turizmas, pateikiama alternatyvaus turizmo ir 6 svarbiausių jo formų samprata. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjama alternatyvaus turizmo situacija ES ir Lietuvos turizmo sektoriuose, išskiriant problemas, su kuriomis susiduria nagrinėjamos 6 alternatyvaus turizmo formos, analizuojamos ir vertinamos pokyčių, vykstančių alternatyvaus turizmo srityje tendencijos. Trečioje dalyje analizuojama alternatyvaus turizmo raida ES ir LR teisės aktuose, išskiriamos daugiausiai Lietuvoje ir ES valdžios institucijų dėmesio sulaukusios alternatyvaus turizmo formos. Ketvirtoje dalyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos turizmo ekspertų požiūris į kultūrinį, socialinį, kaimo, sveikatos, urbanistinį turizmą ir ekoturizmą.
Master’s thesis analysis following forms of alternative tourism: culture tourism, social tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism, health tourism and urban tourism development in Lithuania bringing the main problems and providing suggestions solve these issues. In the first part of thesis alternative tourism and 6 most commonly used forms of alternative tourism are studied in theoretical aspect. The second part examines alternative tourism in EU tourism sector and Lithuania, highlighting the problems and main trends 6 forms of alternative tourism are facing. The third part contains analysis development of alternative tourism forms in EU and Lithuania official tourism authorities documents. In the fourth part of thesis Lithuanian tourism expert’s approach is analyzed of the following forms of alternative tourism: culture tourism, social tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism, health tourism and urban tourism.

Išanalizuota ir įvertinta Lietuvos ir Lenkijos atvykstamojo turizmo raida 2000- 2007m., užsienio turistų srautai, apgyvendinimo paslaugų paklausa, turistų tikslai ir kelionių transporto pasirinkimas, turistų išlaidos ir šalių turizmo pajamos, iškeltos atvykstamojo turizmo problemos bei pateikti jų sprendimo siūlymai.paskutinėje darbo dalyje buvo atliktos 2008- 2015metų Lietuvos ir Lenkijos turizmo raidos prognozės.
In the final master work Lithuanian and Poland arriving tourism development in years 2000 - 2007was analyzed and evaluated, as well as foreign tourism streams, accomodation service demand, tourist objectives and tourtransportation choise, tourist expenditure and the tourism revenue.

Darbo objektas – Religinis turizmas Lietuvoje. Probleminis (tiriamasis) klausimas: Kokios religinio turizmo plėtros galimybės Lietuvos turizmo rinkoje? Tyrimo tikslas: Ištirti religinio turizmo plėtros galimybes Lietuvos turizmo rinkoje. Rašant darbą buvo išsikelti keturi uždaviniai, kad išanalizuoti religinio turizmo sampratų kaitą ir religinio turizmo vietą Lietuvos turizmo rinkoje buvo atlikta mokslinė ir statistinių duomenų analizė. Išanalizuotos religinio turizmo galimybės Lietuvoje, uždaviniui įgyvendinti buvo tiriamas kelionių organizatorių požiūris i religinio turizmo galimybes Lietuvoje. Atlikto teorinio ir empirinio tyrimo pagrindu sudarytas holistinis religinio turizmo plėtros Lietuvoje modelis, kuris atskleidžia veiksnius, įtakojančius religinio turizmo plėtrą. Tyrimo organizavimas: Statistikos departamento duomenimis Lietuvoje 2008 metais buvo 282 turizmo organizacijos, iš jų 50 turizmo organizacijų užsiima atvykstamuoju, 39 vietiniu ir atvykstamuoju turizmu ir 193 išvykstamuoju turizmu. Šiam tyrimui tinkamos tik tos turizmo įmonės, kurios organizuoja vietinį ir atvykstamąjį turizmą, t.y. 89. Kiekybinį tyrimą sudarė septyni etapai. Viso tyrime dalyvavo 33- trys kelionių organizatoriai. Praktinis pritaikomumas- apibendrinti tyrimo rezultatai, bei sukurtas religinio turizmo plėtros modelis, bus išsiųsti visoms įmonėms , kurios dalyvavo tyrime ir pageidavo gauti apibendrintą informaciją. Rezultatai bus pristatyti Lietuvos turizmo asociacijos, vienijančios Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Thesis object – Religious tourism in Lithuania . Problem question: What are the potentials of religious tourism development in Lithuanian tourism market? Study objective: To explore the potentials of religious tourism development in Lithuanian tourism market. In order to analyze the vicissitude of the concept of religious tourism and the place of religious tourism in Lithuanian tourism market four tasks were set and the analysis of the scientific and statistical data was carried out. In order to analyze the potentials of religious tourism development in Lithuania and propose the practical recommendations to business representatives, travel agent attitude was studied. Study organization: According to the Department of Statistics, there were 282 tourism organizations in Lithuania in 2008, of which 50 were practicing the inbound, 39 local and inbound tourism and 193 outbound tourism. Only 89 companies which organize local and inbound tourism qualified for this study. The quantitative study consisted of seven stages. 33 tour organizers took part in the study. Practical application – the summary of results will be sent directly to the companies which took part in the study and requested general study information. The results will be presented to D. Mažeikaitė, the president of the Lithuanian tourism association, unifying the Lithuanian tour organizers. Conclusions: According to the scientific literature, religious tourism is a separate branch of tourism which attends... [to full text]

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama Zarasų rajono kaimo turizmo sodybų siūlomų paslaugų įvarovė ir nustatomos paslaugų vystymo galimybės Zarasų rajone. Kaimo turizmo tema aktuali praktikai tuo, kad Zarasų rajone gausu gamtinių ir kultūrinių išteklių siūlant atitinkamas paslaugas. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu nagrinėjama turizmo samprata, turizmo klasifikacija, turizmo plėtra, ekonominė nauda regionui, kaimo turizmo esmė, raida ir ypatumai, paslaugų vystymo galimybės. Antroje darbo dalyje pristatoma metodologija ir organizavimas, atliekama tyrimo metu gautų duomenų analizė ir pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai. Trečioje yra tiriamoji darbo dalis, kurioje analizuojamas kaimo turizmo paslaugų vystymas Zarasų rajone remiantis atliktos anketinės apklausos duomenimis. Šio darbo išvados ir rekomendacijos gali būti panaudotos sodybų savininkams nustatant tikslus ir strategijas. Pateiktos priemonės klientų pritraukimui. Pagrindiniai rezultatai ir išvados: respondentai siūlomų veiklų įvairovę ir pasiūla kaimo turizmo sodybose Zarasų rajone įvertino neigiamai; siūlomos paslaugos Zarasų rajone neišnaudoja esamo gamtinio ir kultūrinio potencialo turizmo paslaugų plėtrai; siūlomų paslaugų kompleksas kaimo turizmo sodybose yra siauras, dažniausiai siūlant tik vandens pramogas; Zarasų rajone trūksta specializuotų kaimo turizmo sodybų; sodybų savininkai turėtų siūlyti daugiau pažintinių paslaugų, tokių kaip amatų mokymas ir ekskursijų po lankytinus objektus; populiariausios sodybos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The Bachelor's thesis concentrates on the analysis of the variety of rural tourism services in Zarasai district and on identifying oportunities of service development in Zarasai district. The issue of rural tourism is relevant, because Zarasai district is rich in natural and cultural resources, wich are not used while providing the services. The first part of the paper examines the theoretical aspect of the concept of tourism, classification of tourism, the development of tourism and its economic benefits for the region, the essence of rural tourism, its development and features, oportunities of service development. The second part presents the research methodology and the structure of the study, the analysis of the data of the research, and, based on these data, analysis of the rural tourism development in Zarasai district is provided. The conclusions and recommendations may be useful for the owners of rural tourism homesteads identifying objectives and strategies for the development of their businesses as well as customer attraction. The main results and conclusions: respondents have evaluated the variety of the activities and the supply of rural tourism homesteads negatively: the scope of services in Zarasai district does not exhaust natural and cultural resources in the tourism services development; the scope of services is narrow, often only offering water activities; Zarasai district lacks specialized rural tourism homesteads; the owners of rural tourism homesteads... [to full text]

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama tema – turizmo sistemos raida Lietuvoje – yra aktuali dėl pokyčių, susijusių su Lietuvos įstojimu į ES ir NATO, įsijungimu į Šengeno erdvę, taip pat dėl pasaulį ištikusios finansų krizės, kuri Lietuvoje susijusi su ekonomine recesija. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos turizmo sistemos raida, tikslas – atskleisti jos funkcionavimo ir plėtros ypatumus, suformuluojant bendrąją plėtros koncepciją ir jos vietą eurointegracinių procesų erdvėje.
The topic of this master thesis: the development of tourism system in Lithuania. Notably, this field is highly relevant due to the recent changes regarding our international politics e.g. the integration into the European Union, NATO and accession to the Schengen air zone. Similarly, the current crisis in the financial markets worlwide is the cause of economic reccesion in Lithuania, what is also one of the factors that might reinforce a stagnation in the field of tourism in our nation.

Javtokienė Alma. Rural tourism development in Siauliai region: final thesis of master’s study of tourism and sport management/ supervisor dr. Irina Zaliene, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Sport Technology and Tourism department. – Kaunas, 2006. SUMMARY Theme of the thesis – “Country tourism development in Siauliai region”, object of the research - Siauliai region country tourism development. Aim of the thesis – to analyze country tourism possibilities in Siauliai region. Goals of the thesis: to analyze conceptions of tourism and country tourism, to ascertain country tourism development and kinds, to explore state of country tourism in Siauliai region, to establish country tourism development perspectives in Siauliai region. The following methods were used in the thesis: analysis of literature sources, questionnaires, systemizing and comparative analysis, observation and generalization of the results. The results of questionnaires are presented in the picture. Educational material on country tourism of Lithuanian authors (A.Armaitiene, A.Astromskiene, R.Sirusiene, I.Vainiene, etc.) was used in the thesis, and also foreign literature sources, various analyses, Lithuanian tourism law, material from conferences, press and Internet. The results of questionnaires have been analyzed in the practical part of the thesis. People engaged in Siauliai region country tourism and respondents of Siauliai region took part in the questioning. The research shows that country... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Joniškio rajono turizmo plėtros galimybes teoriniu aspektu ir atlikus vartotojų apklausą, išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai įtakoja turizmo plėtrą ir kaip vertinama dabartinė turizmo situacija Joniškio rajone. Darbas susideda iš trijų dalių. Pirmoji – teorinė darbo dalis. Joje siekiama išaiškinti turizmo sąvokos esmę, atskleisti turizmo plėtros elementus, reikšmingiausius modelius, padedančius skatinti turizmo plėtrą. Taip pat įvertinti subalansuotą turizmo plėtrą ir pateikti jos valdymo tikslus. Antroji darbo dalis – turizmo plėtros vystimosi analizė Lietuvoje. Šioje dalyje nagrinėjamos Lietuvos turizmo paslaugų ir infrastruktūros plėtros tendencijos. Trečioji – tiriamoji darbo dalis, kurioje analizuojamos Joniškio rajono turizmo plėtros galimybės remiantis atliktos apklausos duomenimis. Išanalizavus turizmo plėtros galimybes gautos išvados parodė, kad Lietuvos turizmas laikomas sparčiausiai augantis paslaugų sektoriaus elementas. Sparčiai naudojamos naujos rinkodaros priemonės, gerinama infrastruktūra, naujų paslaugų kūrimas sąlygoja turizmo plėtrą Lietuvoje. Tačiau mažas dėmesys turizmo verslui periferiniuose rajonuose, tokiame kaip Joniškio rajonas, stabdo planingą turizmo plėtrą bendru Lietuvos mastu ir mažina atokių regionų konkurencingumą. Pagrindiniu turizmo plėtros stabdymo veiksniu vis dar išlieka turimų gamtos, kultūros išteklių neefektyvus panaudojimas turizmui ir maža laisvalaikio ir pramogų paslaugų pasiūla.
The aim of the work was to analyse the opportunities for tourism development in Joniškis District from theoretical aspect, and, after carrying out the survey of consumers, to find out what factors do form the development of tourism and how is the present situation in Joniškis District evaluated. The paper consists of three parts. The first one is the theoretical part of the work. It aims to explain the essence of the notion of tourism, to reveal elements of tourism development, the most significant models which benefit to promotion of tourism development. Also, it was striven to assess sustainable tourism development and to present the goals of its management. The second part encompasses analysis of tourism development in Lithuania. This part investigates tendencies of development of tourism services and infrastructure in Lithuania. The third part is the research part; it analyses opportunities for tourism development in Joniškis District on the base of data obtained from the survey carried out. Conclusions drawn after carrying out the analysis of opportunities for tourism development showed that tourism in Lithuania was considered to be the element of service sector undergoing the most rapid increase. Recent means of marketing are rapidly being applied, infrastructure is undergoing improvement, creation of new services predetermines tourism development in Lithuania. However, little attention to tourism business in peripheral districts such as Joniškis District retards... [to full text]

Historic preservation has been a successful economic development tool that has led to heritage tourism in some Tennessee towns but not in others. The problem studied was to determine if there was a set of tangible attributes a town must possess to be successful in using historic preservation as an economic development tool. Through an extensive literature review, 59 predictor variables were identified and arranged into 6 research questions looking at the tangible attributes related to town demographics, geography, organizational structure, historic preservation organizations, heritage tourism organizations, and town financial structure. Data were collected from a mailed survey of 32 town managers. The response rate was 68.8% (N = 22). Secondary sources, such as U.S. Census data, were used to collect data when those sources appeared consistent and mandatory. The study used logistic regression analysis to compare successful towns, defined as those towns in the upper third of study towns for tourism expenditures per capita, with less than successful towns. The 32 study towns met the criteria of having a 2003 population of fewer than 10,000 and a nationally-recognized historic district that coincided with the towns' central business districts. The results of the logistic regression analysis on the individual predictor variables indicated that 5 were statistically significant--median age, distance to a major city, restaurant beer sales, Grand Division, and merchants' association. Constraining the final predictive model (Garson, 2006) to no more than 1 variable per 10 cases 3 led to the inclusion of median age and merchants' association as the 2 predictor variables that provided the highest predictive value of correctly classified towns (95.8%). In summary, this study is inconclusive in determining whether historic preservation leads to heritage tourism and can be used as an economic development tool by small Tennessee towns. However, it has been established that 5 attributes or characteristics of small towns does contribute to the probability of success and that median age and the existence of a merchants' association proved to be the best predictive model.

Tarptautinis turizmas yra ne tik aktyvus turizmo produkto, bet ir įvairių kitų ūkio šakų gaminamų prekių tarptautinių mainų generatorius. Tarptautinio turizmo plėtra skatina infrastruktūros kūrimą, todėl tarptautinį turizmą reikėtų tirti siejant su atskirų šalių ekonominiais santykiais. Šiame darbe pateikiama Lietuvos turizmo plėtros galimybių teorinė samprata ir analizė, atliekama lyginamoji Lietuvos turizmo plėtros rodiklių analizė. Literatūros apžvalgoje aprašyta tarptautinio turizmo reikšmė ekonomikos plėtrai bei atskirų šalių ekonominiams pokyčiams. Taip pat pateikiamas galimas tarptautinio turizmo poveikis ekonominei ir sociokultūrinei; pateikiama turizmo plėtros samprata, nagrinėjami teoriniai turizmo plėtros vystymosi modeliai, nusakantys jų vertinimo aspektus. Aiškinami turizmo ekonominio poveikio analizės ypatumai. Aptariamas turizmo kaip paslaugos vertinimas bei turizmo paslaugų kokybės vertinimo aspektai. Antra darbo dalis skirta tyrimo metodikai bei organizavimui aprašyti. Trečioje dalyje analizuojamos Lietuvos turizmo rinkos veiklos plėtojimo prielaidos ir perspektyvos, pateikiamos Lietuvos turizmo plėtros tendencijos, nusakomos turizmo plėtros tikslinės sritys bei naudojant SSGG analizę, išskiriamos prioritetinės turizmo vystymo kryptys. Nagrinėjama Lietuvos ekonominių rodiklių ir turizmo plėtros rodiklių priklausomybė ir atliekama turizmo plėtros tendencijų prognozė. Paskutinėje dalyje pateikiamos darbo išvados. Darbą sudaro 83 puslapiai, pateikiama 27... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
International tourism is active generator of international exchange of commodities produced by various branches of national economies. Development of international tourism stimulates building of infrastructure therefore international tourism should be subject for research in conjunction with economic relations among individual countries. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical the analysis and conception of Lithuanian tourism possibilities and shows the comparative analysis of Lithuanian tourism development indexes. The first part introduces with the importance of international tourism to economical development and growth, to separate countries economical alterations. Also is presenting the meaning of tourism development, are investigating expansion models, which define the peculiarity of them value. Also explaining about tourism economical influence analyze peculiarity. There are discussing about tourism evaluation, as service sphere and also aspects of tourism service quality evaluation. Also are analyzed the perspectives and premises development of Lithuanian tourism market. Therefore, first part explains possible international tourism influence to economical, physical, cultural and social environment. The second part of the paper is to explain the methods of analysis and to describe the organization. The third part provides the analysis of Lithuanian tourism tendencies and definitions of proposal spheres using SWOT analyse, the priority directions of... [to full text]

Tęstinių universitetinių/magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas 60 puslapių, 15 paveikslų, 5 lentelės , 67 literatūros šaltiniai, 2 priedai lietuvių kalba. RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: kaimo turizmas, paslaugos, plėtra. Tyrimo objektas – Šilutės rajono kaimo turizmo sodybos. Tyrimo dalykas – kaimo turizmo paslaugos. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti kaimo turizmo paslaugų vartotojų poreikius ir pateikti siūlymus kaimo turizmo paslaugų plėtrai Šilutės rajone. Uždaviniai: 1) teoriniu aspektu atskleisti kaimo turizmo paslaugų esmę; 2) išanalizuoti kaimo turizmo paslaugų formavimą lemiančius veiksnius; 3) nustatyti vartotojų reikalavimus kaimo turizmo paslaugoms; 4) remiantis atlikta teorine analize ir empiriniais tyrimais, pateikti siūlymus kaimo turizmo paslaugų plėtrai Šilutės rajone. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės, statistinės literatūros analizė, apibendrinimas, anketinė apklausa, analizės ir sintezės metodai. Tyrimo rezultatai: • pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikta lietuvių ir užsienio autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė. Išnagrinėta kaimo turizmo paslaugos samprata, vartotojų motyvacija ir poreikiai, kaimo turizmo plėtros kliūtys, prielaidos; • antroje dalyje atliktas tyrimas Šilutės rajone. Pateikta tyrimo rezultatų metodika, būklės pristatymas ir tyrimo rezultatų apibūdinimas; • trečioje darbo dalyje pateikta tyrimo rezultatų analizė, bei pateikti pasiūlymai kaimo turizmo plėtrai Šilutės rajone; • kaimo turizmo plėtros sėkmė priklauso nuo sodybos šeimininkų sugebėjimu numatyti ko tikisi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Final thesis of Master Studies, Continuing Education, 60 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, 67 references, 2 appendices, in Lithuanian. Key words: rural tourism, services, development. Research object: Rural tourism homesteads of Šilutė District. Research subject: Rural tourism services. Research aim: To analyse the needs of the consumers of rural tourism services and to provide proposals for the development of rural tourism services in Šilutė District. Objectives: 1) To reveal the nature of rural tourism services from theoretical aspect; 2) To analyse the factors determining the formation of rural tourism services; 3) To identify the requirements of consumers for rural tourism services; 4) To provide proposals for the development of rural tourism services in Šilutė District based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research. Research methods: Analysis of scientific, statistical literature, summarising, questionnaire survey, methods of analysis and synthesis. Research results: • The first part of the final thesis provides scientific literature analysis of Lithuanian and foreign authors. The concept of rural tourism service, motivation and needs of consumers, obstacles and prerequisites for rural tourism development are analysed; • The second part includes the research conducted in Šilutė District. Methodology for the research results, an introduction to the state and the description of the research results is provided; • The third part introduces to the analysis... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas: Marijampolės apskrities kaimo turizmo sodybos. Tyrimo tikslas - išanalizavus kaimo turizmo sodybų veiklą Marijampolės apskrityje, numatyti kaimo turizmo paslaugų plėtros priemones ir kryptis. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti kaimo turizmo paslaugų sampratą ir esmę teoriniu aspektu; 2. Išanalizuoti kaimo turizmo paslaugų įvairovę ir nustatyti ją lemiančius veiksnius; 3. Išanalizuoti kaimo turizmo paslaugų kokybės ypatumus ir valdymą; 4. Nustatyti kaimo turizmo verslo valdymo procesų ypatumus; 5. Parengti tyrimo metodiką ir atlikti tyrimą; 6. Nustatyti dabartinę kaimo turizmo sektoriaus situaciją Marijampolės apskrityje ir parengti veiklos plėtros priemonių planą. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės ir statistinės literatūros analizė, sintezė, anketinės apklausa. Tyrimo rezultatai: • pirmojoje darbo dalyje pateikta lietuvių bei užsienio autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė kaimo turizmo sampratos ir esmės, kaimo turizmo paslaugų įvairovės, kokybės ir verslo valdymo proceso klausimais; • antrojoje darbo dalyje atliktas žvalgybinis tyrimas, kurio metu išanalizuoti privalumai ir galimybės plėtoti kaimo turizmo verslą Marijampolės apskrityje; • trečiojoje darbo dalyje pateikti anketinių apklausų rezultatų analizė bei pateikti siūlymai ir priemonės Marijampolės apskrities kaimo turizmo plėtrai. • kaimo turizmas – tai toji turizmo rūšis, kuri labiausiai siejama su gamta, natūralia aplinka, žemės ūkio veikla, kaimo aplinka, jos pažinimu, poilsiu bei rekreacine veikla kaime; • kaimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Research object: rural tourism facilities in Marijampole district. Research aim - to analyse rural tourism in Marijampole distric, to provide measures and policies of rural tourism development. Objectives: 1. To analyze the concept of rural tourism in theoretical terms; 2. To analyze the diversity of rural tourism services and identify determinants; 3. To analyze the rural tourism services quality features and their management; 4. To set business process characteristics of rural tourism; 5. To develop research methodology and do study; 6. To assess the current situation of rural tourism sector in Marijampole district and develop a business development plan. Research methods: analysis of scientific and statistical literature, synthesis, questionnaire survey. Research results: • the first part presents concept, essence and diversity of rural tourism, rural tourism quality management and business process issues as described in the Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature; • the second part of the work carries out observation study, which analyzes the advantages and opportunities to develop rural tourism business in Marijampole district; • the third part of the work provides the analysis of research results, proposes measures and tools for rural tourism development in Marijampole district. • rural tourism - is type of tourism, which is most associated with nature, the natural environment, agriculture, rural environment, its knowledge, joggers and recreational activities in... [to full text]

Darbo objektas - turizmo plėtra Biržų rajone. Problema: Kokios yra turizmo plėtros galimybės Biržų rajone? Darbo tikslas - ištirti turizmo plėtros galimybes Biržų rajone. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti turizmo plėtrą teoriniu aspektu; 2. Įvertinti turizmo situaciją Biržų rajone; 3. Numatyti turizmo plėtros galimybes Biržų rajone. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmoje dalyje pateikta medžiaga apie turizmo plėtrą, darniosios turizmo plėtros ir tvaraus turizmo ypatumus, strateginio planavimo elementus bei modelius, padedančius skatinti turizmo plėtrą. Antroje dalyje apžvelgiama tyrimo metodika ir organizavimas, tyrimo instrumentas, tiriamųjų kontingentas. Trečioji – tiriamojo darbo dalis, kurioje analizuojamos Biržų rajono turizmo plėtros galimybės remiantis atliktos anketinės apklausos duomenimis. Taip pat išnagrinėta dabartinė Biržų rajono turizmo situacija bei atlikta turizmo plėtros galimybių Biržų rajone SSGG analizė. Remiantis moksline literatūra bei atlikto kiekybinio tyrimo rezultatais pateikiama suformuota turizmo plėtros galimybių Biržų rajone schema. Be to pasiūlytas projektinis turizmo plėtros Biržų rajone pasiūlymas – kaimo svečių namų „Ramybė“ verslo planas. Taip pat išanalizuoti turizmo plėtros projekto efektyvumo vertinimo metodai. Išvadose apibendrinami pagrindiniai teoriniai sprendimai, tyrimo bei anketavimo rezultatai.
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Darbo tikslas-įvertinti aplinkosaugos problemas Lietuvos kaimo turizmo versle ir pateikti jų sprendimo būdus. Problema – kaimo turizmo plėtros neigiamos įtakos gamtai mažinimas Objektas – Kaimo turizmas Lietuvoje Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Atlikti mokslinės literatūros apžvalgą, kurioje aptariama kaimo turizmo sąvokos, ekologinės problemos, kurias sukelia ši verslo šaka ir jų sprendimo būdai. 2. Įvertinti kaimo turizmo gamtosaugos problemas 3. Apibrėžti ekologinių problemų kaimo turizmo versle sprendimo būdus 4. Išskirti Lietuvos kaimo turizmo silpnybes, stiprybes, galimybes ir grėsmes 5. Įvertinti Hassan darniosios kaimo turizmo plėtros veiksnius ir jų pagrindu sukurti ekologinio turizmo plėtros modelį Darbo metodai: 1. Mokslinės literatūros analizė ir palyginamoji analizė. 2. Statistinių duomenų analizė. 3. Anketinė apklausa. Darbas susideda iš 3-jų dalių. Iš literatūros apžvalgos, metodologijos ir tyrimo Turizmo sfera yra viena iš sparčiausiai augančių pastaruosius dešimt metų ir ne tik Lietuvoje, bet visoje Europoje. Šis faktas teigiamai veikia bet kurios šalies ekonomiką, urbanizavimo procesus, gyventojų užimtumą ir daugelį kitų faktorių, bet, deja dažniausiai neigiamai veikia aplinką ir ekologiją. Turizmas yra neatsiejamai susijęs su gamta, ypač tai liečia kaimo turizmą. Aplinkosaugos problema bet kurioje valstybėje egzisuoja jau šimtus metų ir per tą laiką buvo atrasta daugelis būdų, kaip ją spręsti. Kas liečia turizmo sferą, tai viena iš priemonių kovai su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim is to establish eco-and rural tourism development trends in Lithuania and Europe, and assess environmental problems and their solutions for rural tourism. Job problem - the development of rural tourism, reducing the negative impact on the environment Subject - Rural Tourism in Lithuania Job tasks: 1. Analyze the environmental problems in rural tourism business 2. Make an analysis of sustainable rural tourism development and forecasts for Lithuania, the European Union on the basis of experience 3. Provide the potential for rural tourism, environmental issues and ways to solve environmental problems in the development of a model 4. To show Lithuanian rural tourism failings, strengths, possibilities and threats. 5. To create ecological rural tourism model. Working methods: 1. Analytical Review of Literature 2. A comparative analysis of statistical data 3. Questionnaire. The work consists 3-parts: literature review, methodology and research Tourism business is one of the fastest growing and not only in Lithuania but also throughout all Europe. This fact has positive effects on any country's economy, the processes of urban development, employment and many other factors, but unfortunately mostly negative impact on the environment and ecology. Tourism is inextricably linked with nature, especially in rural tourism. Tourism is associated with ecological factors such as litter, water consumption, energy consumption, which negatively affects the country's economic... [to full text]

Kaimo turizmas – viena perspektyviausių veiklų šiuolaikiniuose kai kurių Europos sąjungos valstybių kaimuose, teikianti gyventojams ne tiktai alternatyvios, skirtingos nuo daugelio metų bėgyje nusistovėjusios ir tapusios įprasta, veiklos vystymo, bet ir papildomų pajamų gavimo galimybes. Kaimo turizmas apima visas turizmo rūšis, susietas su kaimo aplinkos pažinimu ir poilsiu joje. Kaimo turizmo esmę sudaro poilsio paslaugų, kurių įvairovė susijusi ne tik su konkrečios sodybos šeimininkų nuosavų išteklių panaudojimu, bet ir su visa kaimo infrastruktūra bei socialine aplinka, kaip prekės visuma. Darbo tikslas - Įvertinti Raseinių rajono kaimo turizmo potencialo panaudojimą rajono darnaus vystymo programose, bei pasiūlyti jo plėtros, optimizavimo galimybes. Darbo objektas – Raseinių rajono kaimo turizmo potencialas. Baigiamojo magistro darbo dėstomąją dalį sudaro 3 skyriai. Pirmajame skyriuje apibūdinta dabartinė kaimo turizmo situacija Lietuvoje, atskleista valstybės politika šio verslo reglamentavimo srityje bei darnaus kaimo turizmo samprata. Antrajame skyriuje įvertintas Raseinių rajono kaimo turizmo potencialas, atliktas tyrimas, kurio metu išsiaiškintas specialistų požiūris į kaimo turizmo verslą ir jo plėtros galimybes rajone. Trečiajame skyriuje pateikiamos kaimo turizmo plėtros ir optimizavimo galimybės darnaus vystymosi programų kontekste, numatytos priemonės, kryptys, vykdytojai. Siekiant darbo tikslo tyrimui panaudota literatūros, dokumentų, duomenų analizės metodai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Rural tourism - one of the most promising activities in some of the modern villages of European Union , providing not only the alternatives different from many well-established throughout the year and become a normal, operational development, but also additional revenue opportunities. Rural tourism covers all types of tourism that is associated with the rural environment and the rest in it. Rural tourism constitute the essence of leisure services, a variety not only with the specific homestead owners own the use of resources, but also to the whole rural infrastructure and social environment as a whole goods The goal – to evaluate the potential of rural tourism in Raseiniai District for the area’s sustainable development programs, and to propose the optimizing and developing opportunities. The object - Raseiniai District Rural tourism potential. The final Master's work consists of 3 sections. The first section described the current situation of rural tourism in Lithuania, disclosed the policy of the business regulatory environment and sustainable rural tourism concept. The second section: estimated Raseiniai District Rural tourism potential, a study with a professional approach to clarify the rural tourism business and its opportunities for the development of the area. The third section presents the rural tourism development and optimizing opportunities for the sustainable development programs context, the instruments, directions, principals. There were used the literature... [to full text]

Business Administration
Ph.D.
Extant literature identified the value of innovative firm behavior for organizational success for manufacturers and service providers (Christensen, 1998; Damanpour, 1991; de Brentani, 1993; Easingwood, 1986; Schumpeter, 1939; Senge, 1994). Increasing complexity of consumer markets, information technologies and an economic environment that forces organizations to rethink their business strategies are especially characteristic for service providers, making the development of new services an essential, but also risky task. A series of organizational conditions, such as a formalized new products/service development process, managerial support for innovation and a culture that encourages innovation were identified as critical for the successful development of innovations. Little research, however, has been done to understand the role of partners for the development of new service, and in particular to evaluate which aspects of new service development benefit the most from partner involvement. To understand the link between organizational settings for innovation and inter-organizational relationships in the new service development process, this study incorporates three areas of research: innovation, supply chain management and inter-organizational relationships. This study was framed within tourism destinations, especially destination marketing organizations (DMOs). They are responsible to market and develop a destination and, due to their role as information intermediaries, their need to collaborate with destination businesses to deliver a seamless tourism experience. This study consists of two major phases. First, a national study among the population of American DMOs was conducted to identify the extent of innovation, the drivers of partner integration in new service development as well as their impact on new services. Second, the value of organizational innovation settings on partnership integration was identified. Study results provide insight into the current status of innovation development and partner integration in the new service development process. The results also indicate that the nature of DMOs was changing from pure marketing organizations to management organizations that actively participate in destination development through innovation. In this study innovation was measured by three core elements: orientation towards demand, strategic and corporate fit as well as newness. DMOs do collaborate with partners to develop new tourism products and services. Partner integration was driven by top management support, as well as a strategic and long-term perspective towards partnerships. Furthermore, partner integration was found to have a positive effect on the strategic and corporate fit as well as market orientation. Lastly, DMOs that organize for the development of new services were found to achieve a more positive effect on innovation. This study concluded that organizations strategically need to engage in inter-organizational relationships with the goal to incorporate partners in the new service development process. Furthermore, organizational strategies towards innovation are critical as they enable the organization to achieve better results. Partnerships, thus, are critical for innovation, whereby innovation can be programmed given that it is supported through organizational settings.
Temple University--Theses

Bicycling is a method of tourism transportation that is healthy, non-invasive, environmentally responsible, and economically sustainable. It allows freedom, mobility, and sightseeing potential that is not made possible by other modes of transit. Thousands of bicycle tourists travel from all over the globe annually to explore California on touring bikes via established cycling routes and robust determination. Thousands of additional domestic and international visitors take weekend trips, plan family vacations, travel for business, or tour California from abroad, many of whom are excellent candidates for local and regional bicycle touring at a more gentle intensity level. The increasing popularity and prominence of bicycle tourism, among both domestic and international travelers, carries great potential for economic benefit to local communities. Rural and agricultural communities can particularly benefit from bicycle tourism, as these communities do not normally experience the benefits of tourism as significantly as their urban, coastal or mountainous neighbors. Tourism that is developed in accordance with the size, scale, constraints and character of a particular community can have a beneficial effect on the economics and industry of the area. Infrastructure projects to this effect, such as development of a town or regional trail system, wayfinding features, or other resources come with benefits for visitors and locals in the form of recreation, public health, mobility, and access to food, drink, amenities, scenic areas, jobs and commerce. Trails may further improve the economy of the local housing market, as proximity to trails has a positive effect on housing values. Incorporation of agricultural destinations into local tourism planning creates a draw for visitors and can become a mutually beneficial relationship – contributing to the economic stability of the agriculture industry, preserving local farm lands, increasing tourism revenue and educating the public on the importance of local farming. Through careful planning of the touristic components of the destination, rural communities can achieve multifaceted economic benefits of diverse and versatile tourism amenities.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama kultūrinio turizmo plėtra Ukmergės rajone, tiriama Ukmergės rajono turizmo infrastruktūra, kultūriniai ištekliai, jų panaudojimo galimybės kultūrinio turizmo vystymui, atliekamas Ukmergės rajono ir miesto gyventojų tyrimas apie kultūrinių išteklių patrauklumą ir jų panaudojimą kultūriniam turizmui vystyti. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas: nustatyti ir išanalizuoti kultūrinio turizmo plėtros galimybes Ukmergės rajone. Tikslui pasiekti buvo suformuoti uždaviniai: išanalizuoti kultūrinio turizmo teorinę sampratą; išnagrinėti šiuolaikinės turizmo plėtros teorijas ir modelius; ištirti ir nustatyti kultūrinio turizmo vystymą (si) Lietuvoje; išanalizuoti Ukmergės rajono turistinę infrastruktūrą ir kultūros paveldo objektus; atlikti kultūrinio turizmo plėtros galimybių tyrimą ir įvertinti kultūrinio turizmo plėtros galimybes Ukmergės rajone ir atlikto tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu pateikti rekomendacijas kultūrinio turizmo plėtrai Ukmergės rajone. Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje analizuojami kultūrinio turizmo teoriniai aspektai, aptariant kultūros ir turizmo definicijas, nagrinėjami turizmo plėtros teorijos ir modeliai, kultūrinis turizmas ir kultūrinė aplinka. Antroje dalyje aptariama tyrimo metodika ir tyrimo organizavimas. Trečiojoje dalyje atliekama Ukmergės rajono turistinių ir kultūrinių išteklių analizė bei jų pritaikymas kultūrinio turizmo plėtrai rajone. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad Ukmergės rajonas turi gausius kultūrinius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Master work examines the cultural tourism development in Ukmerge district. It examines the tourism infrastructure of Ukmergė district, cultural resources and their potential for cultural tourism development . The investigation of Ukmerge district and its population is carried out in this work. It is about an attraction of the cultural resourses and their use for cultural tourism development. The final goal of the work is to identify and analyze the opportunities of cultural tourism development in Ukmerge district. The objectives are to analyse the theoretical concept of cultural tourism; to explore the theories and models of the modern tourism development; to investigate and determine the development of cultural tourism in Lithuania; to analyse a tourist infrastructure and the objects of the cultural heritage of Ukmerge area; to carry out the reseach about the facility of cultural tourism development and assess these facility in Ukmerge district; to make recommendations for cultural tourism developmentin Ukmerge area based on the survey’s results. The work consists of three parts. The first part analyses the theoretical aspects of cultural tourism, discussing the definitions of culture and tourism. The cultural development’s theory and models , cultural tourism and cultural environment are studied in this part. The second part discusses the methodology and organization of the research. The analysis of tourist and cultural resources and their application for... [to full text]

Tiriant verslo strategijos modelius, aiškėja, kad verslo strategijos modelių formavimas nagrinėjamas nebuvo. Mokslinėje literatūroje nėra pakankamai išsamių turizmo plėtros strategijos modelių analizės tyrimų, kurie galėtų būti panaudoti, priimant šalies turizmo plėtro planavimo sprendimus. Lietuvos mokslinėje literatūroje tokio mokslinių tyrimų objekto lyg šiol išvis nebūta. Pirmoji Baigiamojo magistrinio darbo dalis skirta strategijos modelių sampratos ir formų analizei, turizmo plėtros strategijos modelių apžvalgai. Antroje darbo dalyje aptariama darbo tyrimo metodika. Trečioje dalyje, atsižvelgiant į turizmo strategijos modelių apžvalgą, turizmo būklę 2007-2008 metais, pateikiamas suformuluotas šalies turizmo plėtros strategijos modelis ir aptariami šalies turizmo darnią plėtrą įtakojantys veiksniai.
Lithuania until now little consideration for sustainable development of tourism business model. European Union Structural Funds, to attract more foreign tourists to our country will be effective only if the sustainable development of tourism. The importance of tourism in many countries in the GDP, the additional jobs, activating the international trade balance. Travel tourism marketing in the company internacionilizations their business, which acceptable customer service, and the rapidly growing demand promotes the development of such enterprises in Lithuania. Based on the experience of foreign countries can be said that one of the most important aspects of a successful tourism business - business strategy models for the creation and formation.

SUMMARY THE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISM BUSINESS IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY MA thesis Key words: rural tourism, rural community, rural development Developing tourism in Lithuania’s rural is one of the underlying ways of developing the tourism sector of Lithuania. The state gives a lot of international publicity of the countryside in order to create a competitive sector of the rural tourism in Lithuania, and thus improve the economic condition of the country’s localities. The development of tourism in the countryside involves active work of the rural community within the tourism sector; however Lithuania unfortunately faces an exodus of rural community members. It is essential to involve the rural community members into the country’s tourism business to research possible promotion ideas. Therefore, there is a need to inquire how strongly the rural’s communities are involved in the development of the rural tourism in Lithuania. The subject of research. The developmet opportunities of the rural tourism in the rural community. The object of research. To explore the opportunities of developing the tourism business in the rural. The goals of research: 1. To define the rural tourism and its position in the tourism sector. 2. To analyze the concepts of community and the rural community. 3. To determine the impact of tourism in the rural country’s overall tourism industry. 4. To explore the impact of the country’s tourism industry on the development of the rural and its... [to full text]

Magistro studijų baigiamasis darbas, 63 puslapiai, 20 paveikslų, 10 lentelių, 57 literatūros šaltiniai, 6 priedai, lietuvių kalba. Tyrimo objektas – kultūrinis turizmas kaip žmonių gyvenimo kokybės veiksnys. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kultūrinio turizmo vystymo įtaką Jurbarko rajono gyventojų gyvenimo kokybei bei parengti kultūrinio turizmo vystymo stiprinimo priemonių planą, orientuotą į gyventojų gyvenimo kokybės gerinimą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti gyvenimo kokybės ir kultūrinio turizmo teorinius dėsningumus. 2. Atlikti kultūrinio turizmo vystymo įtakos gyventojų gyvenimo kokybei empirinį tyrimą. 3. Pateikti Jurbarko rajono kultūrinio turizmo vystymo stiprinimo priemonių planą. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų analizė ir sintezė, kokybinis vertinimas, anketinės apklausos ir pusiau struktūrizuoto interviu metodai, indukcija, dedukcija, grafinis vaizdavimas. Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje atlikta gyvenimo kokybės ir kultūrinio turizmo teorinių dėsningumų analizė: nustatyta, kad kultūrinis turizmas gyventojų gyvenimo kokybę teigiama arba neigiama linkme labiausiai įtakoja per socialinę, ekonominę, kultūrinę ir aplinkosauginę sritis. Antroje darbo dalyje, remiantis empiriniu kiekybiniu ir kokybiniu tyrimu, įvertinta kultūrinio turizmo vystymo įtaka Jurbarko rajono gyventojų gyvenimo kokybei. Trečioje darbo dalyje, remiantis teorinės analizės ir empirinio tyrimo rezultatais, parengtas kultūrinio turizmo stiprinimo priemonių planas, orientuotas į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Final work of University Postgraduate studies: 63 pages, 20 figures, 10 tables, 57 references, 6 appendixes, in Lithuanian. Research object - cultural tourism as a factor of human life quality. Research aim – to estimate the impact of cultural tourism development on life quality of Jurbarkas district residents, to prepare plan for strengthening cultural tourism development, focused on improving residents’ life quality. Objectives: 1. To analyze the theoretical concepts of cultural tourism and quality of life. 2. To conduct empirical analysis of the impact of cultural tourism development on life quality of Jurbarkas district residents. 3. To provide plan of cultural tourism development strengthening, focusing on improving residents life quality. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of literature and documents, qualitative evaluation, questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview, induction, deduction, graphical representation. Research results. The first part analyzes theoretical concepts of cultural tourism and quality of life: cultural tourism impacts quality of human life in social, economic, cultural and environmental areas. The second part, on the basis of empirical quantitative and qualitative research, estimates the impact of cultural tourism on life quality of Jurbarkas district residents. The third part, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, prepares plan of cultural tourism development strengthening, focused on improving life... [to full text]

Гуменюк, А. І. Реалізація державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі України на регіональному рівні : дис. ... канд. наук з держ. управління : 25.00.02 / А. І. Гуменюк. - Чернігів, 2021. - 251 с.
Дисертаційна робота присвячена вивченню науково-теоретичних засад та розробці практичних рекомендацій, спрямованих на вдосконалення механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі України на регіональному рівні. Удосконалено низку дефініцій предметної галузі дослідження, а саме: «державна політика розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні», «механізми реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні», «система механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні». Розвинуто концептуальні засади дослідження системи механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні, які передбачають: першооснову принципу функціонування; інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення системи взаємодії та розвитку; інструменти забезпечення нормативно-правового, фінансово-економічного, соціально-екологічного, організаційно-інфраструктурного, науковоосвітнього механізмів та фактори (зовнішні та внутрішні), які на них впливають. Результативність функціонування запропонованої системи механізмів залежить від: стану та видів інфраструктури туристичної галузі; рівня взаємодії держави з громадськістю для виконання національних планів розвитку туристичної галузі; повноти імплементації всіх механізмів, зокрема й інноваційних, які безпосередньо орієнтовані на формування сприятливого середовища для розвитку туристичної галузі. Узагальнено світовий досвід реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі та представлено такі його особливості: регулювання розвитку туризму є багаторівневою системою; туристична політика як дієвий компонент сучасної регіональної політики; визначальна роль туризму в реалізації соціальної політики держави; узгодження планів розвитку туризму із завданнями соціально-економічного розвитку країн; створення на рівні держави єдиного органу, який регулює діяльність туристичної галузі; активізація науково-дослідних робіт у сфері розвитку туризму; активізація державних інвестицій у сферу туризму. Доведено, що для забезпечення розвитку вітчизняної туристичної галузі доцільно імплементувати світовий досвід у частині: розвитку туристичної інфраструктури на засадах взаємодії між державою і громадськістю з метою формування туристичних центрів; використання концесії як дієвої форми залучення інвестицій у розвиток туристичної галузі; розробки та впровадження макромаркетингових технологій; прийняття довгострокових стратегій із забезпечення соціоеколого-економічного розвитку туристичної галузі; посилення ролі органів державної влади та органів місцевого самоврядування для підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності загальнонаціональних туристичних продуктів і послуг; державної підтримки соціального туризму тощо. Окреслено особливості функціонування механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі України з урахуванням проблемних пріоритетів на регіональному рівні: невідповідність нормативноправової бази міжнародним стандартам; відсутність системності в реалізації механізмів регулювання розвитку туризму на регіональному рівні; відсутність дієвої фінансової підтримки і налагоджених взаємозв’язків усіх учасників механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі; погіршення якості обслуговування туристів. Охарактеризовано чинну практику впливу внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів на результативність державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі України на регіональному рівні шляхом використанням комбінованих методів PEST й SWOT-аналізу. На основі цього запропоновано відповідну методику, яка є ефективним і доступним способом оцінювання управлінської ситуації в досліджуваній галузі за умови достовірності вибору показників, які вимірюють вплив державної політики на розвиток туристичної галузі. Визначено, що політико-правові (відсутність спеціальних нормативноправових актів щодо регулювання туристичної галузі; недостатня державна підтримка; анексія Кримського півострову) й економічні (відсутність нормалізованого бізнес-середовища; низький показник схильності до зберігання доходів; постійні коливання курсу гривні; низький рівень добробуту населення) фактори мали значний негативний вплив на державну політику розвитку туристичної галузі України, що спонукало до розробки стратегічних заходів їх нейтралізації. PEST-аналіз дає можливість детальніше дослідити фактори зовнішнього середовища щодо туристичної галузі, а SWOT-аналіз – визначення сильних і слабких сторін, можливостей та загроз для туристичної галузі, які виходять із його найближчого оточення. Така методика є ефективним і доступним способом для оцінювання управлінської ситуації в досліджуваній галузі за умови достовірності вибору показників, які вимірюють вплив державної політики на розвиток туристичної галузі. Запропоновано використовувати такі групи показників: зміна довгострокових темпів зростання туристичної галузі; вплив адміністративних органів і зміна політики уряду; соціальна значущість туристичної галузі; рівень глобалізації туристичної галузі; стійкість туристичної галузі до диспропорцій в економіці країни. Обґрунтовано стратегічні напрями удосконалення механізмів реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні в контексті розробки інформаційної платформи, яка включає сукупність заходів – суспільно-політичних (підвищення якісного рівня прийняття державноуправлінських рішень); нормативно-правових (відповідність національних стандартів у сфері туризму міжнародним нормам); фінансово-економічних (реалізація економічних ініціатив, спрямованих на впровадження економічно безпечних технологій і видів діяльності); соціально-екологічних (підтримка сектора соціально орієнтованих туристично-рекреаційних продуктів); організаційно-інфраструктурних (організація туристично-інформаційних центрів з метою ведення інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності); науковоосвітніх (здійснення систематичних наукових досліджень стану, проблем і перспектив розвитку туризму, підвищення кваліфікації кадрів). Розроблено дескриптивну модель реалізації державної політики соціоеколого-економічного розвитку туристичної галузі України на засадах гармонізації інтересів ключових груп суб’єктів державної політики (туристична галузь, держава, громадськість) та шляхом використання організаційно-інституційних форм і способів регулювання розвитку туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні. Виокремлено ключові напрями державної політики, які орієнтовані на результативність реалізації такої моделі: удосконалення законодавства у сфері регулювання туристичної галузі на регіональному рівні, становлення сприятливого середовища для суб’єктів вітчизняної туристичної галузі, бенчмаркінг державного регулювання туристичної галузі та тощо. У результаті дослідження перспектив забезпечення ефективності імплементації інструментарію реалізації державної політики розвитку туристичної галузі України на регіональному рівні в умовах євроінтеграції запропоновано впровадити інтелектуальну смартспеціалізацію на рівні регіонів, що може стати реальним драйвером для стійкого соціальноекономічного зростання в Україні. Визначено стратегічні пріоритети регіонів України (збалансоване інклюзивне соціально-економічне зростання на основі інноваційного розвитку туристичної галузі в контексті розвитку наукоємних високотехнологічних виробництв, ресурсо- й енергозберігаючих технологій; регіональний розвиток туристичної галузі на засадах розумної спеціалізації шляхом активізації інноваційно-інвестиційного потенціалу регіонів, ефективної реалізації ресурсного, виробничого, транзитного потенціалів), вектори державної політики (підвищення соціально-економічного потенціалу регіонів; підтримка споживчого попиту і нарощування конкурентоспроможності регіонального туристичного продукту й продукції інших суміжних галузей; проведення структурних регіональних трансформацій в економіці з метою зростання частки сфери послуг у регіонах) та завдання (зростання рівня та якості життя людини, формування системи відповідного моніторингу; синергізм туристичної галузі, науки та громадськості в регіонах; розробка конкурентного інноваційного туристичного продукту тощо) щодо соціо-еколого-економічного розвитку туристичної галузі на засадах інтелектуальної смартспеціалізації.
The dissertation is devoted to the study of scientific and theoretical principles and the development of practical recommendations aimed at improving the mechanisms of implementation of the state policy of development of the tourism industry of Ukraine at the regional level. A number of definitions of the subject area of research have been improved, namely: "state policy of tourism industry development at the regional level", "mechanisms for implementing state policy of tourism industry development at the regional level", "system of mechanisms for implementing state tourism policy development at the regional level". Conceptual bases of research of system of mechanisms of realization of the state policy of development of tourist branch at the regional level which provide: the first principle of the principle of functioning are developed; information and analytical support of the system of interaction and development; tools to ensure regulatory and legal, financial and economic, socio-environmental, organizational and infrastructural, scientific and educational mechanisms and factors (external and internal) that affect them. The effectiveness of the proposed system of mechanisms depends on: the state and types of infrastructure of the tourism industry; the level of state interaction with the public for the implementation of national plans for the development of the tourism industry; completeness of implementation of all mechanisms, including innovative ones, which are directly focused on the formation of a favorable environment for the development of the tourism industry The world experience of realization of the state policy of development of tourist branch is generalized and its following features are presented: regulation of development of tourism is a multilevel system; tourism policy as an effective component of modern regional policy; the decisive role of tourism in the implementation of social policy of the state; coordination of tourism development plans with the tasks of socio-economic development of countries; creation at the state level of a single body that regulates the activities of the tourism industry; intensification of research work in the field of tourism development; intensification of public investment in tourism. It is proved that to ensure the development of the domestic tourism industry it is advisable to implement world experience in terms of: development of tourism infrastructure on the basis of interaction between the state and the public in order to form tourist centers; use of concessions as an effective form of attracting investment in the development of the tourism industry; development and implementation of macromarketing technologies; adoption of long-term strategies to ensure the socio-ecological and economic development of the tourism industry; strengthening the role of public authorities and local governments to increase the competitiveness of national tourism products and services; state support for social tourism, etc. Peculiarities of functioning of mechanisms of realization of the state policy of development of tourist branch of Ukraine taking into account problematic priorities at the regional level are outlined: inconsistency of normative-legal base to the international standards; lack of systematization in the implementation of mechanisms for regulating the development of tourism at the regional level; lack of effective financial support and well-established relationships of all participants in the mechanisms of implementation of state policy for the development of the tourism industry; deterioration of the quality of tourist services. The current practice of influencing internal and external factors on the effectiveness of the state policy of development of the tourism industry of Ukraine at the regional level through the use of combined methods of PEST and SWOTanalysis is described. Based on this, an appropriate methodology is proposed, which is an effective and affordable way to assess the management situation in the study area, provided the reliability of the choice of indicators that measure the impact of public policy on the development of the tourism industry. It is determined that political and legal (lack of special regulations on tourism regulation; insufficient state support; annexation of the Crimean peninsula) and economic (lack of normalized business environment; low propensity to store income; constant fluctuations in the hryvnia exchange rate; low level of welfare population) factors had a significant negative impact on the state policy of development of the tourism industry of Ukraine, which prompted the development of strategic measures to neutralize them. PEST-analysis provides an opportunity to explore in more detail the environmental factors of the tourism industry, and SWOT-analysis - to identify strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the tourism industry that come from its immediate environment. This technique is an effective and affordable way to assess the management situation in the study area, provided the reliability of the choice of indicators that measure the impact of public policy on the development of the tourism industry. It is proposed to use the following groups of indicators: change in long-term growth rates of the tourism industry; the influence of administrative bodies and changes in government policy; social significance of the tourism industry; the level of globalization of the tourism industry; resistance of the tourism industry to disparities in the country's economy. Strategic directions of improvement of mechanisms of realization of the state policy of development of tourist branch at regional level in the context of development of an information platform which includes set of actions - social and political (increase of a qualitative level of acceptance of state and administrative decisions) are substantiated; regulatory (compliance of national standards in the field of tourism with international standards); financial and economic (implementation of economic initiatives aimed at implementing economically safe technologies and activities); socio-ecological (support of the sector of socially oriented tourist and recreational products); organizational and infrastructural (organization of tourist information centers for the purpose of conducting information and analytical activities); scientific and educational (implementation of systematic scientific research of the state, problems and prospects of tourism development, professional development). A descriptive model of implementation of the state policy of socio-ecological and economic development of the tourism industry of Ukraine on the basis of harmonization of interests of key groups of state policy actors (tourism industry, state, public) and by using organizational and institutional forms and methods of regulating tourism development at the regional level . The key areas of state policy are identified, which are focused on the effectiveness of such a model: improving legislation in the field of tourism regulation at the regional level, creating a favorable environment for domestic tourism, benchmarking of state regulation of tourism and more. As a result of research of prospects of efficiency of implementation of tools of realization of the state policy of development of tourist branch of Ukraine at regional level in the conditions of European integration it is offered to introduce intellectual smart specialization at regional level that can become the real driver for steady social and economic growth in Ukraine. The strategic priorities of the regions of Ukraine (balanced inclusive socio-economic growth based on innovative development of the tourism industry in the context of high-tech industries, resource and energy-saving technologies; regional development of the tourism industry on the basis of reasonable specialization by activating innovation and investment potential of regions, , production, transit potentials), vectors of state policy (increasing the socio-economic potential of regions; supporting consumer demand and increasing the competitiveness of regional tourism product and products of other related industries; structural regional transformations in the economy to increase the share of services in the regions) and tasks (growth of the level and quality of human life, formation of a system of appropriate monitoring; synergy of the tourism industry, science and the public in the regions; development of competitive innovation national tourist product, etc.) on the socio-ecological and economic development of the tourism industry on the basis of intellectual smart specialization.

The growing popularity of North American professional sports over the last twenty years directly coincides with the recent trend of urban communities using tax dollars to publically subsidize professional football, baseball, and basketball stadiums. Communities across North America invest substantial amount of public tax dollars in private facilities in light of a consensus among policy analysts that the economic impact of the new stadium is greatly exaggerated. The economic impact of new stadiums has been extensively researched, the focus of this paper rather, is to examine the impact publically subsidized facilities built in the last twenty years have on the overall team valuation compared to teams with no public subsidy or no new stadium.

In today’s modern society people tend to travel more due to the globalization and the fact that people are spending more money. As a result of the increasing competition within the field of tourism it has become even more important for destinations to create a clear profile and a target group when marketing destinations; it is extremely essential to have a positive image, which is genuine and perceived by visitors. This essay is written to explore how tourists experience Gothenburg as a tourist destination and how marketing is creating the city image. The study is qualitative and consists of interviews with visitors of Gothenburg to see how they perceived the city. Further one interview is performed with the communication manager of Göteborg & Co to explore how they want to be perceived by tourists. The entire essay is written in Swedish. The result of the essay shows that the image does reflect how the city wants to be perceived, but Gothenburg needs to better their marketing to gain more tourists in the future.
Idag reser jordens befolkning allt mer, konkurrensen är hård och det krävs omfattande strategier som destinationsmarknadsförare för att attrahera turister. Flera studier har gjorts i huruvida destinationer skall differentiera sig på en överbelastad marknad, forskare syftar till att turistattraktioner och unika miljöer är en bidragande faktor till ökat inflöde av turister.I denna uppsats studeras Göteborg som turistdestination, studien utformas av kvalitativa intervjuer med respondenter som under de senaste två åren besökt och turistat i Göteborg. De frågor som ställdes utformades för att få inblick i hur staden uppfattas av turister och vad som påverkar deras imagebildande av Göteborg som turistdestination. Ytterligare intervju gjordes med Göteborg & Co’s press- och kommunikationschef Stefan Gadd för att få förståelse i hur de arbetar för att skapa positiva och genuina bilder av Göteborg. Utgångspunkten för studien var att få svar på om Göteborgs identitet stämmer överens med den image som besökaren uppfattar. Studiens resultat visade på att imagen överensstämde med hur Göteborg önskar bli uppfattade, men att staden bör förbättra sin marknadsföring för att attrahera mer turister i framtiden.

The world has seen unparalleled pressure put on the public sector to improve the speed and quality of service delivery, whilst simultaneously employing measures to cut the costs. South Africa and the Eastern Cape have not been immune to this as there have been complaints and demonstrations from various national and provincial stakeholders demanding more and improved services. The Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) in particular has employed the services of public entities in its quest to realise government’s socio-economic developmental objectives and ease some of the service delivery pressures. These agencies are unfortunately struggling to deliver and the Department is unable to play the oversight role it is legislatively mandated to carry out. The main reason for this seem to be the lack of the capacity to objectively track and measure the performance of these agencies. As they say “you cannot manage what you cannot measure”. This is despite the fact that there is a shareholders’ compact and many other measures in place to enable performance monitoring. Also, the public sector is known to have inherent and unique performance management challenges like broad and vague objectives which lead to too many measurements, a propensity to focus on the “easy to measure” but often irrelevant indicators at the expense of critical outcomes and a short-term orientation that is usually fuelled by political expediency. Against this background, this study sought to make use of a comprehensive and dynamic performance monitoring framework, namely the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), to explore its potential use in assisting government to monitor the performance of public agencies, in particular the Development Finance Institutions (DFI) in South Africa. The proposed framework helps government to focus on the performance drivers of future value, and what decisions and actions are necessary to achieve critical outcomes. The aim of the study therefore is to develop an adjusted BSC framework to monitor the activities of a public sector agency and thus demonstrate how a BSC framework could be used to monitor a public agency by the government department. The study is evaluative in nature and is divided into three sections. Section one is presented as an Evaluation Report. It sets the scene, discusses briefly the key theoretical concepts, outlines the research methods used and presents the findings followed by a discussion and recommendations. Section two delves into the literature in more detail, providing a more extensive review of the literature that informed the investigation, whilst section three provides a more extensive description of the research methodology employed in the study. To achieve the aims of the study, the research drew from the work of various authors in the field including that of Bigliardi, Dormio and Galati, 2011; Bititci, Garengo, Dörfler, and Nudurupati, 2012; Julyan, 2011; Kaplan and Norton, 1992, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004 and 2006; Niven, 2003 and 2008 and Northcott and Taulapapa, 2012. Also, five BSC perspectives - including the programme specific “equity” perspective - were used to develop an interview schedule. These were used to formulate the key performance objectives and indicators, based on the stakeholder’s responses. These respondents have experience within the programme as administrators, beneficiaries and funders. The research employed purposive sampling with semi-structured in-depth interviews and document analysis as primary and secondary instruments for data collection. In essence, five officials from the agency, one from DEDEAT and two co-operatives participated in the research. The results indicate a general appreciation of and gravitation towards outcome based measures, even though the government culture of focusing on outputs is still prevalent. The results of the study indicated that, generally, a government - public agency BSC based performance monitoring framework would have the following features:  Customer objectives and programme mission as the main goal and this will provides clarity at all levels on who the customers are and what are their primary requirements.  Clear, visible and stringent financial controls as the agency is administering public resources.  Few carefully selected processes and systems that have a direct and positive impact on the customer objectives. Deliberate and consistent efforts to promote the participation of designated groups in the economy of the country.  Comprehensive indicators on capacity building as “mission based-organisations rely heavily on skills, dedication and alignment of staff”. Overall, the study concludes that the make-up of the BSC is beneficial to the public sector and in monitoring the public sector agencies for the following reasons:  It helps the agency to focus on customers and their needs.  It forces the agency to engage and communicate strategic intention with both internal and external stakeholders and thus synchronize competing stakeholder needs.  It forces the agency to limit the number of indicators and therefore select the few value adding measures that are aligned to customer outcomes.  Through its cause and effect relationship, the agency is compelled to align all the resources, activities and processes to the main goal of the entity. All these help to minimize the principal agent problem, as the use of the BSC can bring clarity on strategy and expectations, provided it is supported with regular communication.

This research project examines resources and services to prevent families and children from entering the child welfare system in a rural town in Southern California. There is constant struggle to get the adequate services, resources and trained staff in this rural area because it is isolated and it takes about two hours’ travel time to get to the metropolitan cities. The literature review discusses child welfare services challenges, strengths and social capital to support families and children as well as the child welfare system itself in rural areas. Constructivism is the appropriate framework for this research project, because the goal of this study will be based on an exchange of understanding and ideas; therefore, the nature of the study is subjective. The engagement stage was an important stage for the constructivist approach. The researcher analyzed transcripts from the interviews and group meetings using thematic analysis to examine participants’ concerns and their perceptions of the community’s resources. Further, the participants, guided by the researcher, worked together to develop a strategic action plan to address child abuse and neglect in this community. This project encouraged community leaders to discuss the community’s strengths and main concerns related to child abuse and neglect. Interestingly, these strengths and concerns often mirror one another. Participants’ perceptions and recommendation are about safety, connectedness, human services access and child welfare of the focused rural town.

Digitala redskap är nu för tiden en vanlig strategi inom marknadskommunikation och destinationsutveckling. Trots detta är litteratur i ämnet begränsad. Därför har denna studie strävat mot en fördjupad förståelse för Göteborg & Co:s digitala redskap Evenemangskalendern. Det är en digital förteckning där turister kan hitta de aktuella evenemang som erbjuds i Göteborg. Frågorna som har tagits fram rör relevanta styrmedel förkalendern och Göteborg & Co:s syn på användningen av kalendern som ett redskap förmarknadskommunikation. Med bakgrund i destinationsmarknadsföring har en induktiv fallstudie tagit form medintervjuer, observationer och dokumentanalys. Studien är begränsad till fyra kvalitativa intervjuer, fyra observationsobjekt och sex dokument. Alla med fokus på Göteborg & Co:s egna material och anställda. Resultatet från dessa källor har sedan i en diskussion kopplats samman med teori inom destinationsutveckling, marknadskommunikation och organisationsteori. Studien visar att Evenemangskalendern inte är inbegripen i den gedigna marknadskommunikations-analys som resten av goteborg.com undergår. Kalendern har inga fasta processer gällande omvärldsbevakning eller besöksstatistik. Detta kan bero på att det operativa arbetet utförs på annan fysisk plats än det strategiska arbetet. Det ligger även en begränsning i hur Göteborg & Co definierar en turist.
Digital devices are nowadays a common strategy in marketing communication and destination development. Despite this, we find the literature on the subject limited. Therefore, this study has strived towards an immersed understanding of Göteborg & Co:s digital device Evenemangskalendern (Event Calendar). It is a digital listing where tourists can find the current events offered in Gothenburg. The questions produced revolves around relevant control documents for the calendar and Göteborg & Co:s view at the use of the calendar as a device for marketing communication. With a background in destination marketing, an inductive case study has taken form with interviews, observations and document analysis. The study is limited to four qualitative interviews, four observation objects and six documents. All with focus on Göteborg & Co:s own material and employees. The result from these sources has in a discussion been merged with theory within destination development, marketing communication, and organization theory. The study shows that the Event Calendar is not included in the solid marketing communication analysis that the rest of goteborg.com go through. The calendar has no fixed processes regarding benchmarking or visitor statistics. This could be due to the fact that the operative work is being executed at another physical place than the strategic work. There is also a limitation in how Göteborg & Co defines a tourist.

This thesis investigates the relationship of regional food products in the tourist home country with destination marketing and management at the example of South Tyrol. South Tyrol was chosen as research area, because the 2 sectors have, on their own, a big standing in the region as well as a cooperate in many different ways. This has led to a symbiosis inside and outside the destination, making it an interesting area to research. While the interplay of the culinary assets of a destination with tourism within the destination is increasingly recognized, developed and used by researchers, planners, companies and authorities, the possible relationship of these sectors outside the destination remains an under-researched area. As Alderighi et al. (2016) found out in a study, an (empirical) connection between availability of local specialities in the tourist home (markets) and the intention of (re-)visit the place is evident. Therefore, this thesis uncovers different tools and mechanisms in (destination) marketing and management for the incorporation of regional food products in the tourist home country. Additionally, experts from the sectors of food and tourism, DMO, will share their considerations and limitations. Theory and practice will be opposed, where as the concepts of “region branding” and “sensory destination marketing” will be elaborated.

Ce travail concerne essentiellement la gestion du petit patrimoine dont il faut bien dire qu'il a été assez dédaigné au travers des temps.Les pouvoirs publics peuvent s'en occuper et s'y intéresser grâce à deux approches:-l'une juridique-l'autre par des inventaires.Ceci implique une travail multidisciplinaire concernant de nombreux domaines.IL convient d'abord de connaître la réalité des choses et de ce qui peut être les richesses propres à un territoire et pour cela nous proposons une approche méthodologique efficace où l'expérience ne saurait se passer de considérations méthodologiques sur la façon de faire en précisant les difficultés et la façon de valoriser les données recueillies. Cela demandait à être conçue dans un cadre empirique afin d'aboutir à une prise en compte par une valorisation intelligente des objets et des sites dont l'importance ne peut être ignorée au point de vue économique, sociale et politique
This work concerns essentially the management of the small heritage about which it is necessary to say that it was disdained enough through time.Public authorities can take care of it and be interested in it thanks to two approaches:- legal - by inventories.This implies multidisciplinary work concerning numerous domains.IT is advisable at first to know the reality of things and what can be the wealth appropriate for a territory and for it we propose an effective methodological approach where the experience would not know how to take place of methodological considerations on the way of making by specifying the difficulties and the way of valuing the meditative data. It asked to be conceived in an empirical executive to end in a consideration by an intelligent valuation of objects and sites the importance of which cannot be ignored in the economic point of view, social and political

The study discusses sustainable development of events and the research displays that this is often connected to mega events or the work of specific destinations. The events Eurovision Song Contest and the Ice Hockey World Championships are therefore chosen because of their size, impact in both media and visitors and the lack of theory regarding their sustainability. The specific cases chosen are Eurovision in Malmö 2013 and Stockholm 2016, the 2013 Ice Hockey World Championship in Stockholm with help from the 2014 Junior Ice Hockey World Championship in Malmö. The purpose of this study is to analyze the host destinations and the national organization Swedish Ice Hockey Association’s work with sustainability regarding social, economic and ecological aspects and if and how that work impacts the host communities in the long run. Also, how the relationship with the head organizations who are the owners of the events, European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), functions regarding sustainability. This is examined by 11 qualitative semi-structured interviews with key individuals for both events which is then analyzed against what the research and literature points to regarding social, economic and ecological with a clear focus on sustainability.This study shows that the work with sustainability was very well conducted at Eurovision in both Malmö and Stockholm where Malmö even got the parts they were responsible for ISO-certified. The idea was also a part of the Worlds in Stockholm and the Junior Worlds in Malmö but there are opportunities for development. Particularly the question of how well the effects of the events hold up afterwards as there is no clear follow-up to initiatives and values discussed during the events. It is made clear that the focus on sustainability is foremost something insisted by the host destinations and in some part by the Swedish Ice Hockey Association as there is a lack of both focus and guidelines on the subject from the head organizations. A focus on sustainable events from the host destinations could be positive both during the bidding process and implementation as it contributes to a greater competitiveness. The initiative from public organizations such as host destinations and national sports organizations may be the driving force in pushing head organizations to be more sustainable. For a successful sustainable development of both events the entire organization, both the head organizations and the host destinations, behind these events needs to have the same perspective on sustainability and work towards the same goal. This study is written in Swedish.
Studien diskuterar hållbar utveckling av evenemang och forskningsöversikten visar att detta oftast kopplas till megaevent eller specifika destinationers arbete. Evenemangen Eurovision Song Contest och Ishockey-VM väljs därför ut i den här studien på grund av deras storlek, genomslag i både medier och besökare och bristen på teori gällande deras hållbarhet. Fallen som diskuteras är Eurovision som ägde rum i Malmö 2013 och i Stockholm 2016 och Ishockey-VM i Stockholm 2013 (A-VM) med hjälp av Junior-VM 2014 i Malmö. Syftet för studien är att analysera värddestinationernas och den nationella organisationen Svenska Ishockeyförbundets arbete med hållbarhet inom sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska aspekter. Relationen med huvudorganisationerna och tillika ägare av evenemangen European Broadcasting Union (EBU) och Internationella Ishockeyförbundet (IIHF) undersöks också gällande deras arbete med hållbarhet. Studiens empiri samlas in genom 11 kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner för de båda evenemangen. Empirin analyseras sedan med hjälp av den forskning och litteratur som finns gällande social, ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet.Studien visar att det arbetades väldigt bra med hållbarhet under Eurovision i både Malmö och Stockholm där Malmö Stad till och med ISO-certifierade alla delar de själva var ansvariga för. Tänket fanns även under A-VM i Stockholm och Junior-VM i Malmö men där finns det utvecklingsmöjligheter. Främst frågan om hur väl effekterna kvarstår efter evenemangen då det inte finns någon tydlig uppföljning på de initiativ och värderingar som diskuterades under själva eventen. Tydligt är dock att hållbarhetstänket i första hand är något som drivs av värddestinationerna och till viss del de nationella organisationerna. Det råder nämligen brist på både fokus och riktlinjer gällande hållbarhet hos de båda huvudorganisationerna. Hållbarhetsfokus på evenemang från värddestinationer kan vara positivt både under ansökning och genomförande då det bidrar till större konkurrenskraft. Initiativet från offentliga aktörer som värddestinationer och nationella sportorganisationer kan vara en drivande kraft i att uppmana huvudorganisationer till att arbeta mer hållbart. För en framgångsrik hållbar utveckling av de båda evenemangen behöver hela organisationen, både huvudorganisationerna och värddestinationerna, bakom de båda evenemangen ha samma perspektiv på hållbarhet och arbeta mot samma mål.

Short-term missions participants encounter difference in purportedly captivating ways. Current research, however, indicates the practice does not lead to long-lasting, positive change. Brian M. Howell (2012) argues the short-term missions experience is confined to the limitations of the short-term missions narrative. People who engage in short-term missions build assumptions, seek experiences, understand difference, and convey meaning, as a result of this narrative. The process of telling and retelling travel stories is integral to the short-term missions experience. Drawing upon literature on tourism, narrative, development, and photography, this study intends to evaluate the inefficacy of short-term missions through the stories which produce and are produced by photography. Through storytelling and photography from 21 short-term missions participants who have served in Ouanaminthe, Haiti, this project deconstructs the short-term missions narrative to understand, what is the relationship between the use of photography and the short-term missions experience? The results indicate a unique relationship between people, photography, and experiences within the framework of short-term missions.

碩士
逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
96
In recent years, the domestic tourism has been booming, and the people had paid attention to the quality of leisure tour gradually. Therefore, the railway tourism also has been booming simultaneously. The railway transport is one kind of green transportation, and it has the characteristic such as high passenger carrying capacity, safety, energy saving, and punctuality, and so on, so that the railway tourism will have a highly potential development in the future. Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA) had a lot of branch lines in the past, but now only three branch lines have the touring development planning, and the other branch lines either had be abandoned or still under the evaluation procedures. This study selects Chi-Chi Line as an example, and uses the questionnaires to figure out the problems, the image, and the revisiting willingness of Chi-Chi Line. In addition, the study utilizes the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships among visitors’ characteristic, attractiveness, satisfaction and revisiting willingness of Chi-Chi Line for TRA. The effective questionnaires of this study are 390 samples. Using the confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data, the major results are listed as below: (1) visitors’ attractiveness of Chi-Chi Line has positive affection to tourist satisfaction; (2) visitors’ attractiveness of Chi-Chi Line has positive affection to revisiting willingness; (3) satisfaction has positive affection to revisiting willingness; (4) visitors’ motivation of Chi-Chi Line has positive affection to revisiting willingness. Finally this study summarizes the problems, and then proposes the short-term and long-term improving strategy. The short-term strategies include such as “Railway headway shall be flexible”, “Combining with other transportation modes”, “marketing one day tickets”, “Improving the tourist facilities and services”, “Improving the bicycle lane facility”, and “Improving the railway safety”. The long-term strategies include such as “Reinforcing the charming and history background of railway”, “Operating the unique tourist train”, and “The Chi-Chi Line will be operated by the third-sector”. Also the results of this study can be used as reference for TRA and related authorities.

碩士
銘傳大學
觀光事業學系碩士在職專班
100
There were rare researches of collaboration governance which explored the developing tourism partnership between the third or fourth bureau of central government and the local government. And fewer subjects about the joint ruling area for the central tourism bureau and the local government were investigated. The aforementioned researches were also more lacking at the viewpoints of tourism officers. Among the mutual effects of organizations, staffs, environment and technique elements between Matsu National Scenic Area Administration and Lienchiang County Government , the purpose of the study was to explore the tourism development effect that collaborative governance caused. And explored the correlation that the two administrative organizations executed tourism construction and tourism development. This research adopted literature review, second-hand information research, observation research, and in-depth interview to examine this issue and use induction and triangulation to verify the reliability of the data . This research found out the decentralization is as important as collaboration. Both of the administrative organizations should regard each other as an actor with free will. Through negotiating with each other to form the base of consensus, turn the conceptions into action, create an interactive institution, and administer the tourism development in Matsu collaboratively.

The key tourism decision-makers in Indonesia have pursued tourism growth and development with insufficient regard to its impact on local communities and the environment. This study explores a community-based approach to tourism development in Indonesia. In particular, it examines the extent and nature of local community participation during various stages of the tourism development process in three case studies: in Bali, Yogyakarta, and Central Java.

This thesis examines how Indonesian government approached tourism development from 1945 to 2014. It shows that their focus remained on the development of international tourism in Bali, despite the many tourism opportunities existing throughout Indonesia. It describes how successive governments’ policies were based on a Bali First Policy (BFP) instead of developing multiple international tourism destinations as proclaimed in decrees, regulations, master plans and tourism promotion and awareness programs. As argued in this thesis, this reflected Bali’s longstanding success as an international tourism destination. With 80% of all holidaying tourists, Bali continues to be central to Indonesia’s tourist growth and foreign exchange, while the tourist sector outside Bali remains significantly underdeveloped. The thesis explains the imbalance through describing and analysing the measures taken by Sukarno, Suharto, the transition Governments of Habibie, Wahid and Sukarnoputri, and Yudhoyono. Drawing from Easton’s Systems Theory (1965), Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (1980), and the factors affecting tourism development identified by Ritchie and Crouch (2013), the thesis outlines a Public Policy-based Stages of Tourism Development (PPSTD) model that provides a better understanding of tourism policymaking and implementation in Indonesia 1945-2014.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Indianapolis created a whole new city identity using sports development and sports tourism as the primary drivers of change in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Since then, other cities have adopted the philosophy of using sport as a catalyst to improve the economic conditions of the city. This same philosophy has seemingly trickled down to small cities across the United States in the form of youth travel sport complex development. The size of the youth travel sport segment has reportedly reached $7 billion by the National Association of Sports Commissions, resulting in the rapid development of youth sports complexes in small cities and towns. The size and scope of these facilities entering the segment range from 50 acres to as many as 400 contiguous acres costing millions of dollars. Additionally, the perceived economic impact accompanying the development of such facilities are often overinflated due to the diversity of methods used in market analyses, feasibility studies, economic impact analyses, cost-benefit analyses, and Turco’s triple-bottom-line analysis. A more systematic process is needed to assign key performance indicators and identify the critical components that will assist in the decision to enter the segment and at what capacity. This study is designed to identify the necessary critical components to reach the desired economic impacts associated with youth sport complex development. Qualitative constant comparative method of data analysis was utilized in identifying commonly identified critical components (CICC) believed to contribute to the success and sustainability of a youth sports complex.

This research identifies the professional development needs of fifty District Directors employed by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand, in order to produce an operational strategy for a learning organisation and an improvement in work quality. The population sample consists of the Permanent Secretary, two Deputy Permanent Secretaries, and all fifty District Directors of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The research involves a Proactive Evaluation, in which a needs assessment of a group of fifty District Directors is undertaken. A mixed methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, is applied. The quantitative research component applies a three-round Delphi survey of the fifty District Directors. The Delphi survey identified seven areas from the sixteen originally submitted; as well, a set of five professional development strategies is identified. The seven elements needed to improve their skills and competencies were: leading an organisation; administering responsibilities rapidly and transparently in order to provide effective service; being mature; establishing good human relationships; collaborating effectively with people and their organizations; providing moral leadership that is concerned with equity and equality; understanding people in order to satisfy their needs. The five professional development strategies required to promote these needs were: improving skills and competencies; successful training; overcoming problems with training; the duration of training programs; selecting suitable training venues. Finally, in order to draw these various elements together, a professional development training policy designed to benefit present and future District Directors of the BMA is developed.

Rural regions are reinventing themselves as consumption places. Tourism appears as a diversification economic activity, used to overcome the demographic and economic constrains these regions face. This strategy is expected to be more effective if the tourism type to be developed is connected to an economic activity currently taking place in the region. In the case of wine regions, wine tourism appears naturally, associated with the wine culture these regions already celebrate. The case of Alentejo, more than conventual wine production, it presents a winemaking method, named Talha wine, which dates to the Roman era. This is the main subject under analysis in the present study. The goal is to assess if this wine has the potential to differentiate Alentejo from other wine tourism destinations. To accomplish the proposed goal, both primary and secondary data were collected. Regarding the literature review, a funnel type of research was performed, from the most general tourism led economic development theories to the contextualization of the region and the product. Primary data was collected through interviews with producers, touristic operators and different public entities. Further on, the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti aided in the insights’ extraction from the interviews’ transcripts. The combination of both data types collected allowed to identify the unexplored potential of Talha wine in both wine and cultural tourism in the territory. Nonetheless, and primarily due to its production limitation, this product is seen as a valuable complement but not a main vehicle for the touristic activity of Alentejo.
As regiões rurais estão a reinventar-se como locais de consumo. O turismo tem sido usado para diversificar a atividade económica, com o objetivo de ultrapassar as limitações demográficas e económicas que estas regiões enfrentam. É expectável que esta estratégia seja mais eficaz se o tipo de turismo desenvolvido estiver ligado a uma atividade económica relevante na região. No caso das regiões vinícolas, o enoturismo surge naturalmente, associado à cultura do vinho celebrada nestas regiões. O Alentejo, para além da convencional produção de vinho, apresenta um método de vinificação, denominado Vinho de Talha, que remonta à época romana. O objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar se este vinho tem potencial para diferenciar o Alentejo relativamente a outros destinos de enoturismo. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foram recolhidos dados primários e secundários. Relativamente à revisão da literatura, foi realizada uma pesquisa em funil, desde as teorias gerais de desenvolvimento económico alicerçado pelo turismo até à contextualização da região e do produto. Os dados primários foram recolhidos através de entrevistas com produtores, operadores turísticos e diferentes entidades públicas. Complementarmente, o software de análise Atlas.ti auxiliou na extração de resultados relevantes a partir das transcrições das entrevistas. A combinação de ambos os tipos de dados recolhidos permitiu identificar o potencial não explorado do Vinho de Talha, tanto no enoturismo como no turismo cultural no território. No entanto, e principalmente devido às suas limitações de produção, este produto é visto como um complemento valioso, mas não um veículo principal para a atividade turística do Alentejo.

Portugal is an emerging tourism market, being worthy of attention. Besides, the tourism industry has been connected to fast changes due to the influence of social media (Web 2.0) on the lives of consumers and the shift in the economic value from products and services to the staging of experiences. This study aims to analyze the effect that several types of social media platforms (as mediators) have on the co-creation of tourism experiences (before, during and after) and the consequent satisfaction, happiness, memorability and motivation to share it online. For that effect, an online survey was developed and conducted on a sample of 410 national and international tourists. The findings showed that the use of social media has a more significant effect while planning the trip, serving as a source of inspiration for the next trip and of information about the chosen destination. Moreover, it also leads to a substantial increase in the satisfaction that tourists feel towards the trip, since the expectations are met by what they experience during the trip, which generates a greater level of happiness and memorability. This is crucial since it leads to a greater perception of value, a positive image of the destination, a bigger willingness to recommend and share the experience with followers. This makes it important for Portuguese tourism service providers and tourism department to understand how Portugal is being represented on social media pages and the reasons that motivate tourists to share their experiences online, thus influencing their followers to visit.
Portugal é, atualmente, um mercado turístico emergente, sendo uma área importante a analisar. Além disso, a indústria do turismo tem estado ligada a mudanças rápidas devido à influência das redes sociais (Web 2.0) na vida dos consumidores e à mudança no valor económico, de produtos e serviços para a criação de experiências. Este estudo pretende analisar o efeito que vários tipos de redes sociais (mediadores) têm na cocriação de experiências de turismo e a consequente satisfação, felicidade, memorabilidade e motivação para as partilhar online. Assim, foi realizado um inquérito online a uma amostra de 410 turistas nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados mostraram que o uso das redes sociais tem um efeito mais significativo no planeamento da viagem, servindo como fonte de inspiração para a próxima viagem e de informação sobre o destino escolhido. Além disso, também leva a um aumento substancial na satisfação que os turistas sentem em relação à viagem, uma vez que as expectativas correspondem ao que eles vivenciam durante a viagem, o que gera um maior nível de felicidade e memorabilidade. Isto é crucial porque leva a uma maior perceção de valor, uma imagem positiva do destino, uma maior disponibilidade para recomendar e partilhar a experiência com os seguidores. Isto torna importante que os prestadores de serviços de turismo e o departamento de turismo português compreendam como Portugal está a ser representado nas redes sociais e as razões que motivam os turistas a partilhar as suas experiências online, influenciando assim os seus seguidores a visitar o destino.