Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nature conservation – history »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Srinivasan, Krithika, et Rosemary Collard. « Nature without Conservation ». Current History 122, no 847 (1 novembre 2023) : 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.847.289.
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The predominant approach of protecting or restoring floral and faunal life after harming, displacing, or destroying them in service of human interests does not hold much promise for nature on Earth in the age of the Anthropocene. Such approaches fail to address the ethical and political-economic cores of what tend to be presented as techno-scientific or ecological problems. If the planet is to remain home to life beyond the human, mainstream human societies need to rethink their place, role, and entitlements on Earth, and relearn to cohabit with human and nonhuman others, even in the face of risk and uncertainty.
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Preston, C. D., et D. Evans. « A History of Nature Conservation in Britain. » Journal of Ecology 80, no 1 (mars 1992) : 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261077.
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Dolman, Paul. « A history of nature conservation in Britain ». Journal of Rural Studies 14, no 2 (avril 1998) : 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(97)00060-0.
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O'Riordan, Timothy. « A history of nature conservation in Britain ». Journal of Rural Studies 8, no 2 (avril 1992) : 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(92)90078-k.
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Sugden, Andrew M. « A history of nature conservation in Britain ». Trends in Ecology & ; Evolution 7, no 4 (avril 1992) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(92)90156-6.
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Carruthers, E. J. « The history of nature conservation in Sandton ». New Contree 11 (11 juillet 2024) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v11i0.798.
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In this article one of the pioneering efforts to conserve nature in urban areas in South Africa is examined. The town of Sandton was founded in 1969 by combining suburbs and small-holdings to the north of Johannesburg in an independent local authority. From the outset the Town Council had attempted to balance the urban and natural environments in order to enhance the quality of life for the residents and to conserve portions of the highveld within the town lands. Although these far-sighted and bold moves were widely acclaimed at the time, conservation is no longer a priority in Sandton's local government. The central government, however, is now taking steps to ensure that the natural environment is not completely obliterated by urban development.
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Smoak, Gregory E. « Every History Has a Nature ». Public Historian 44, no 3 (1 août 2022) : 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2022.44.3.9.
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Lambert, R. A., et D. Evans. « A History of Nature Conservation in Britain, 2nd edn. » Journal of Ecology 85, no 4 (août 1997) : 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960590.
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Kaltmeier, Olaf. « Review : The Nature State. Rethinking the History of Conservation ». Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 9, no 2 (13 décembre 2019) : 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2019v9i2.p272-276.
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Clarkson, Christopher, et Marinita Stiglitz. « The Gough Map : Its Nature, Conservation History and Display ». Bodleian Library Record 22, no 2 (octobre 2009) : 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/blr.2009.22.2.212.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Lambert, Robert A. « The history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms, 1880-1980 ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14229.
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This thesis presents the history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms area of the eastern Highlands of Scotland, over the century 1880-1980. An introductory chapter sets the scene by describing the observations of travellers, sportsmen and naturalists who visited the area from c.1770. The study then traces the history of the National Park debate in the Cairngorms area (and to an extent, in Scotland), the history of the National Forest Park ideal focusing in on Glenmore, and the history of two National Nature Reserves, including the Cairngorms NNR (the largest in Great Britain). Other chapters address, within an historical framework, the public nature conservation success story of the Osprey on Speyside; the nineteenth and twentieth century rights of way debate and the question of access to mountains and moorland; the development of Aviemore and the Spey Valley as a year-round recreational playground and winter sports centre. Photography and film-making are highlighted as mediums through which nature conservation and recreation have been legitimised and popularised for a mass audience outside the Cairngorms area. The thesis discusses the background to the present landuse conflicts that have dogged the Cairngorms area from 1980, and may prove helpful to land-managers and policymakers in government, conservation and recreation bodies, as it charts the remarkable degree of change in attitudes to nature conservation and recreation witnessed in the Cairngorms. Recreation has always been seen to directly benefit more people, but it is the quality of the environment that supports that recreation. The Cairngorms represent a case study in this kind of conflict, which over the past century has become increasingly common in the UK, Europe and North America. The work is a contribution to the construction of a modem environmental history of Great Britain.
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Smurr, Robert Welling. « Perceptions of nature, expressions of nation : an environmental history of Estonia / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10338.
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Hanley, Patrick Michael, et Patrick Michael Hanley. « Privileged Nature : Ornithologists, Hunters, Sportsmen and the Dawn of Environmental Conservation in Spain, 1850 to 1935 ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621470.
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This dissertation argues the foundation of Spain's first national park, the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, was the culmination of a four-century-long historical development in which Spaniards redefined the manner in which they conceived of and interacted with nature. The establishment of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga resulted from two different historical processes, the formation of empirical science in Spain and the pursuit of noble hunting, which converged in the late nineteenth-century in the form of species protection and the environmental conscience it reflected. This environmental conscience permeated discourses on Spanish reinvigoration including those of nobleman, sportsman, and politician Pedro José Pidal y Bernaldo de Quirós whose own articulation of this environmental consciousness materialized in the form of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga which legislatively meshed species and landscape protection for the first time in Spain in 1916.
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Forest, Marguerite S. E. « Ecological sustainability on Haida Gwaii / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018363.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-241). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ridley, Cameron C. « Perceptions of Public Land Usage in the Eastern Sierra Nevada and the Effect of Environmental Regulation ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1049.
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This senior thesis is a study of the change over time of American perceptions of how natural public lands are to be utilized. American interactions with nature are analyzed and synthesized into the role of the conqueror, conservationist, and preservationist. These competing ideologies have shaped our nation and public lands. Looking specifically at the Eastern Sierra Nevada of California, the thesis investigates how the federal land management agency of the United States Forest Service has incorporated these competing roles into one management plan. The thesis analyzes a visitor guide to the area from 1925 and 2014 to see how different ideals were incorporated into the management and promotion of the area to tourists. Additionally, the thesis investigates how the environmental preservation ideology has limited access to public land and how the resort model of tourism has grown while primitive recreation opportunities have been diminished.
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Faust, Robert E. « The development of the nature preserves system in Indiana : giving life to the land ethic ». Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864907.
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The movement to conserve natural resources in the United States began as a response to the perceived inefficiency which governed resource allocation. The subsequent environmental movement served to expand the definition of conservation to include not only the efficient use of resources, but also the preservation of land in its natural state. In Indiana, this supposed deficiency in conservation led some environmentalists to establish the Indiana Nature Preserves System which locates remnants of the Indiana wilderness and protects them from development. The Indiana Nature Preserves System is symbolic of the Land Ethic proposed by the early ecologist Aldo Leopold, who believed that man was but one component of the "land community." To alter all natural areas, Leopold and Indiana preservationists argued, was both an assault on ecological stability and on the right of nature to exist for its own sake.Department of History
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Casagrande, Braz. « Novo Arrabalde : conservação e ocupação urbana na concepção do projeto de expansão da cidade de Vitória ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-23112011-144448/.
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Essa dissertação tem como objeto de estudo as relações entre o desenho urbano concebido por Francisco Rodrigues Saturnino de Brito para a expansão da cidade de Vitória o Novo Arrabalde e o meio natural onde se desenvolve este projeto. Especificamente, o estudo busca identificar os componentes que de alguma forma fundamentam a inovação da proposta em relação ao padrão de ocupação característico da cidade de Vitória até fins do século XIX, especialmente a opção de se manter os morros preservados da ocupação. No contexto dessas possibilidades, duas questões são mais relevantes: a ideia de que os morros, da mesma forma que as planícies, façam parte da espacialidade almejada; e a hipótese de que um viés conservacionista possa ter também orientado a concepção do projeto.This thesis object of study is the relationship between the urban design conceived by Francisco Rodrigues Saturnino de Brito for the expansion of the city of Vitoria Novo Arrabalde - and the natural environment where the project was placed. Specifically, the study aims to identify the components that somehow underlie the innovation of the proposal in relation to the characteristic pattern of occupation of Vitoria to the late nineteenth century, especially the option to keep the hills preserved from occupation. In the context of these possibilities, two issues are most relevant: the idea that the hills, just as the plains, are part of the desired spatiality, and the hypothesis that a conservationist bias may also have oriented the project design.
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Zupan, Laure. « Au-delà des espèces, comment protéger simultanément l'histoire évolutive, le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et les services procurés par la nature ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV063/document.
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La biodiversité est définie comme la variété et la variabilité du monde vivant sous toutes ses formes. Elle est souvent appréhendée par la richesse en espèces. Pourtant il existe d'autres « facettes » de la biodiversité (telles que la diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle) qui sont à considérer pour comprendre la plupart des processus évolutifs et écologiques. Aujourd'hui, la prise en compte de ces différentes facettes ainsi que les services des écosystèmes –bénéfices que les humains retirent directement des écosystèmes – sont au cœur de l'agenda européen de la conservation. Cependant pour mettre en place de nouvelles actions, une meilleure compréhension des variations spatiales de ces différentes facettes et de leurs relations avec les services des écosystèmes est nécessaire. Ce travail visait à quantifier, décrire et comprendre la distribution de la richesse spécifique et de la diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle des tétrapodes d'Europe et leurs liens avec les services écosystémiques. L'étude des patrons spatiaux de la diversité phylogénétique pour différents groupes taxonomiques a montré une absence de recouvrement, une protection inégale et a permis d'identifier des zones particulières d'histoire évolutive indétectables par le prisme unique de la richesse spécifique. Alors que les facteurs environnementaux liés au climat (comme la température ou la productivité primaire) semblent être prépondérant pour expliquer la distribution de chaque facette de diversité, leurs influences respectives varient selon la facette considérée. Enfin, la comparaison de différents scénarios de conservation dans lesquels plus d'importance est donnée soit à la protection de la biodiversité soit à celle des services écosystémiques a mis en avant des relations complexes (synergies et compromis) et non prédictibles mettant en évidence les enjeux liés à la protection simultanée de plusieurs groupes d'espèces, plusieurs facettes de diversité et d'un éventail de services écosystémiquesBiodiversity is defined as the variety and variability of living organisms on Earth and is often measured through species richness. However, biodiversity is composed of other facets (e.g. phylogenetic and functional diversity) that need to be considered to account for evolutionary and ecological processes. Considering these multiple facets of biodiversity together with ecosystem services – direct benefit human obtain from nature – is central in the European conservation agenda. However, to propose new planning strategies, a better understanding of the spatial variation of these different facets and their relationships to ecosystem services is crucial. The objective of this Ph. D. project was to better quantify, describe and understand the spatial variation of different biodiversity facets and analyse their links to ecosystem services. The study of spatial pattern of phylogenetic diversity showed a low overlap between the different taxonomic groups and an unequal protection within the current European protected areas system. This analysis allowed identifying areas of particular evolutionary history, which would be undetectable through the unique lens of species richness. Although environmental factors related to climate (e.g. temperature, primary productivity) seemed to best explain each facet, their relative importance varied across biodiversity facets. Finally a comparison of conservation scenarios where priority was given either to protecting biodiversity protection or to protecting ecosystem services highlighted complex and unpredictable relationships (synergies and trade-offs) and stressed out the stakes linked to the simultaneous protection of different facets of diversity of multiple taxonomic groups and a set of ecosystem services
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Berglund, Kristina. « Framing Transfrontier Nature Conservation : The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park and the Vision of 'Peace Parks' in Southern Africa ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254921.
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Within the broad field of global environmental history this master thesis analyses transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) also known as 'peace parks', and explores how the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) has been envisioned, described, motivated and implemented. Using Actor-Network Theory and Framing Analysis, the thesis analyses how the idea of the GLTP and the critique against it has been framed over time through the analysis of official reports and academic research in combination with in-depth interviews with key actors. By approaching the topic of transfrontier conservation in a broad manner, and by incorporating a wide variety of sources, the thesis attempts to go beyond single explanations of the phenomenon and, instead, provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the transfrontier conservation idea linked to the GLTP and its history. The thesis shows that the rise of transfrontier conservation involves a complex network of actors, spanning over local-global and public-private scales. Integrated networks are formed between key actors including national governments and conservation authorities, donor agencies, NGOs – in particular the Peace Parks Foundation, and civil society. The GLTP has been framed as a way to achieve three main goals: biodiversity conservation, community development through ecotourism and public-private partnerships, and regional peace and security. The thesis shows that the framing has shifted over time, from a strict conservation focus to more inclusive approaches where social aspects are seen as increasingly important for the long term sustainability of TFCAs. But the idea that transfrontier conservation can resolve all regional problems, from political cooperation to wildlife management to local socio-economic development, is also contested in this study. The thesis illuminates a gap between official policy/management reports and academic studies related primarily to the role of community development in the framing and implementation of the GLTP. Despite various challenges that hinder the effective implementation of the goals and visions of the park such as wildlife crime, insufficient community involvement and problematic legal and policy arrangements, the thesis concludes that the GLTP represents an important contribution to global conservation commitments and needs to be viewed as a complex, long-term and constantly evolving project.
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Pereira, Susana Maria Ferreira. « A influência da bioacústica na evolução da ciência em Portugal. Interface da acústica e monitorização da biodiversidade ». Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3982.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação de Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Universidade de ÉvoraThe animals produce sound for various purposes and the majority of the vocalizations have distinctive characteristics, which are used in the systematics and are useful in the documentation of biodiversity. Monitoring and documenting biodiversity are central tasks in nature conservation and the development of monitoring techniques is especially urgent in the context of the current biodiversity crisis. Bioacoustics proves to be a promising and powerful instrument for assessing biodiversity. This dissertation aims to do an historical analysis of the bioacoustics contribution to the study and conservation of biodiversity in Portugal, to understand how the different recent techniques may assist in monitoring the biodiversity and to test one of the most promising of its methods. This study has revealed that the first bioacoustics recording dates from 1977. Since then, the bioacoustics helped the study and documentation of various species and had special applicability in the conservation of bats and cetaceans in Portugal, with prospects to extend this applicability to other animal groups. Currently, there are powerful bioacoustics tools used on monitoring biodiversity whose limitations tend to be quickly overcome. This dissertation has also showed that to estimate densities, there must be taken into account a number of different factors to calibrate these tools.This dissertation is part of the body of work of the project "Natural Acoustic Landscapes in a Changing World" in order to preserve the recordings as part of our scientific heritage and an important source of documentation of biodiversity, past and present
Livres sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Morgan, Bulkeley. Berkshire stories : Nature, history, people, conservation. Great Barrington, MA : Lindisfarne Books, 2004.
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Evans, David. History of Nature Conservation in Britain. 2e éd. London : Routledge, 1997.
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A history of nature conservation in Britain. London : Routledge, 1992.
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David, Evans. A history of nature conservation in Britain. 2e éd. London : Routledge, 1997.
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David, Smith. Continent in crisis : A natural history of Australia. Ringwood, Vic., Australia : Penguin Books, 1990.
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New Zealand. Dept. of Conservation., dir. The Chatham Islands : Heritage and conservation. Christchurch, N.Z : Canterbury University Press in association with the Dept. of Conservation, 1996.
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L, Martin Juri, Parn H, Estonia Keskkonnaministeerium et International Center for Environmental Biology (Estonia), dir. Naissaar--Nargen, Nargö, Terra Feminarum : Nature and nature conservation. Tallinn : Estonian Ministry of Environment, 1997.
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Miskelly, Colin. Chatham Islands : Heritage and conservation. Christchurch, N.Z : Canterbury University Press in association with the Department of Conservation, 2008.
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Rotherham, Ian D. Eco-history : An introduction to biodiversity & conservation. Cambridge, UK : White Horse Press, 2014.
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Marren, Peter. Nature conservation : A review of the conservation of wildlife in Britain, 1950-2001. London : HarperCollins, 2002.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Pat Doody, J. « Nature Conservation at Dungeness — A Case History ». Dans Coastal Conservation And Management, 175–86. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0971-3_9.
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Borg, John J. « Dioramas in Natural History Museum—Tools for Nature Conservation ». Dans Natural History Dioramas, 81–86. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9496-1_7.
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Doody, J. Patrick. « Integrated Action – Machair, Human History and Nature Intertwined ». Dans Sand Dune Conservation, Management and Restoration, 257–75. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4731-9_11.
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Darlington, Susan M. « Environment and Nature in Buddhist Thailand : Spirit(s) of Conservation ». Dans Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–15. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_8570-2.
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Darlington, Susan M. « Environment and Nature in Buddhist Thailand : Spirit(s) of Conservation ». Dans Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1638–50. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_8570.
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Mendoza, Marcos. « Territorializing Capital : Moreno’s Gift and the Political Economy of Nature in Argentine Patagonia ». Dans Tourism and Conservation-based Development in the Periphery, 29–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38048-8_2.
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Abstract This chapter examines the political economy of nature and the legacy of Francisco Moreno, scientist and explorer, within ArgentinePatagonia. Moreno is institutionally recognized for a land donation he made to the federalgovernment in 1903, which is celebrated for inaugurating the national park conservation movement. This Moreno-centric official history, however, has rendered invisible state violence and Indigenous dispossession as preconditions of national conservation. Moving beyond this official history of conservation, the discussion highlights two histories of capitalist territorialization. The first focuses on the clearing-out strategy pursued by the Argentine government to open Patagonia for colonization and agrarian capitalism. The second attends to the re-territorialization of space through the creation of national parks and the promotion of leisure capitalism. Using the concept of “the gift” to assess Moreno’s legacy, this chapter shows that the “spirit of the gift”—heralded by the Argentine federal government—is chained to these two projects of capitalist territorialization. These territorialization histories challenge the halcyon representation of Moreno’s gift promoted by the state. Drawing upon scholarship in politicalecology, this study is a contribution to an emerging critical assessment of “the gift” within Patagonian conservation.
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Nyyssönen, Jukka. « Chapter 7. Sámi Frames in the Planning and Management of Nature Protection Areas in Historical Perspective – Environmental Non-conflict in Inari ». Dans Green Development or Greenwashing ?, 134–53. Winwick, Cambs. : The White Horse Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/63824846758018.ch07.
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What kind of framings can be detected in Sámi opinions on conservation of nature in Inari? The region has witnessed recurrent conflicts over land usage, fought between forestry officials and Sami herders. Establishment of nature reserves has aroused severe disputes as well, but conservation enjoys continuing support among the Sámi herders. This article charts the preconditions for this state of affairs through cases of the establishment of the state park of Koilliskaira (1975–1982) and recent administrative measures in park administration by the Sami Parliament (2000s). An analysis is undertaken of whether the frames concerning conservation aligned in the administrative setting and the background reasons for the (non-)alignment. The actors studied are those Sámi included in the establishment processes and the park administration: the Sámi herders and the Sami Parliament. The conservation history is contextualised in the history of the Sámi movement and its relations to state actors, the Forest and Park Service (FPS). The case is one of success for both conservationists and Sámi. The Sámi mostly favoured conservation, because the protection of parks meant protection of reindeer herding from competing land-use forms. Later, conservation became a way to manifest the cultural autonomy, self-determination and cultural rights of the Sámi. An institutional source for this success was the marginalisation of the FPS from park establishment processes. The case was framed mostly economically, as a possibility to safeguard the pastures from forestry, and later as a case of indigenous rights. The economic framing resonated well both with conservationists and the general sentiments of the era; only later did indigenous rights clash with environmental values.
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Burt, John A., Noura Al-Mansoori, Ivonne Bejarano, Gary Brown, Oscar Campbell, Johannes Els, Gary R. Feulner et al. « The Emirates at 2050 : Balancing Development and Environmental Stewardship ». Dans A Natural History of the Emirates, 735–48. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_24.
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AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) faces the challenge of balancing rapid economic development with environmental preservation and conservation in the Anthropocene era. The nation’s unique ecosystems, characterized by arid desert, rugged mountains, and diverse marine habitats, are vulnerable to disturbances such as urbanization, habitat degradation, groundwater extraction and climate change. To chart a more sustainable course for the Emirates by 2050, the paper proposes policy recommendations such as adopting a national strategy for sustainable development, strengthening environmental policies, investing in urban planning and design, promoting sustainable water management, encouraging use of nature-based solutions, addressing climate change, fostering environmental education, supporting research in environmental sciences, encouraging national and regional cooperation, promoting sustainable business practices in the private sector, and monitoring the progress of environmental policies. By embracing a vision of development that respects the natural environment and safeguards its plant and animal life, the UAE can demonstrate its commitment and serve as a model for other nations to follow, becoming a shining example of responsible development by 2050.
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Mateos-Molina, Daniel, Simon J. Pittman, Marina Antonopoulou, Stephen Carpenter, Mona Möller, Sabir Bin Muzaffar et Ivonne Bejarano. « Coastal Lagoons (Khors) of the Emirates ». Dans A Natural History of the Emirates, 241–65. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_8.
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AbstractCoastal lagoons represent one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to their position at the dynamic transition zone between land and sea. UAE’s coastal lagoons, also known as khors, are home to a diverse assemblage of organisms, including many resident and endangered species that rely on the interconnected mosaics of habitat types (mangroves, seagrass, saltmarshes, mudflats) that also provide a wealth of benefits to society. These ecosystem characteristics, and the need to ensure their sustainable development, have made lagoons a high priority for conservation in the Emirates. Primarily located along the UAE’s Arabian Gulf coast, coastal lagoons have been highly impacted by urbanization that modifies or removes habitats and disturbs wildlife due to increased pollution from artificial light, noise and chemicals. Coastal lagoons in the UAE are in urgent need of protection to ensure that current and future generations continue to enjoy healthy coastal ecosystems. Integrated ecosystem-based management that is supported by local institutions and includes participatory monitoring through citizen science programmes will increase public engagement and advance progress towards the goal of living in harmony with nature.
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Avise, John C. « Conservation Genetics ». Dans Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, 361–98. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9_9.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Russo Krauss, Giovanna, Raffaella Bosso et Barbara Balbi. « Historic tuff masonry in Naples : different approaches to its conservation ». Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15053.
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Tuff, a sedimentary rock made of volcanic ash, is a traditional building material in the Campania region. Since its foundation Naples’ architecture, whether monumental or vernacular, has been erected in tuff masonry and only the arrival of concrete and steel has meant its downfall. Due to the soft nature of tuff, traditionally the building material was designed to be covered by plaster and very few and monumental architectures, by selecting and sculpting to the purpose the rock, were designed to be fair-faced. In years the exposition to natural and artificial degradation agents has brought a wide variety of deterioration phenomena both on the fair-faced tuff masonry and the ones that had lost plaster. In approaching the restoration of these architectures, the conservator is faced with a challenging task. This is due to the difficulty of balancing the pursue of minimum intervention and authenticity respect, the conservation of the historic consolidated image of the architecture and the necessity of using the best restoration techniques that guarantee the highest conservation of the material in future years, with particular regard to bio-compatible and sustainable materials both for operators and the environment. By analyzing the restoration of various architectures, both archaeological and modern, the paper will address this difficult task and the different decisions made by the conservators in relation to the monuments’ nature, identity, history and status of conservation. The paper is based on a multidisciplinary approach due to the contribution of the expertise of an architect, a restorer and an archaeologist.
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Molina Ruiz, José, Jesús Joaquín López Moreno, Héctor Manuel Quijada Guillamón, José María Gómez Manuel et Ramón García Marín. « Protection, conservation and dissemination of integral heritage. The cultural project - ecomuseum “Legado Vivo” (Ricote Valley, southeasternSpain) ». Dans HEDIT 2024 - International Congress for Heritage Digital Technologies and Tourism Management. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/hedit2024.2024.17758.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The cultural project - ecomuseum “Legado Vivo” was born in 2013, within the Cultural Association “La Carraila” (https://lacarraila.blogspot.com/), which was joined in 2018 by the Association “Caramucel, nature and history” (https://caramucel.blogspot.com/). Its objective is the protection, conservation, recovery, signalling and dissemination of the integral heritage of the Ricote Valley (Region of Murcia). The cultural and natural assets comprise a unique cultural landscape, which is why this region has been included in the National Cultural Landscape Plan. The orchards, the irrigation ditches and their water wheels generate a geographical space full of cultural milestones consolidated over the last millennium. The fruit of the work carried out in recent years by the members of the aforementioned associations has made it possible to identify ten heritage itineraries of diverse nature in the municipalities that make up the Ricote Valley, the protection of 7 places with the category of BIC (Asset of Cultural Interest); or label, recover and promote the Valricotí toponymy, which provides information about the settlement and the language that originated them, constituting a rich intangible cultural heritage. International conferences, interpretive itineraries offered to the public, archaeological interventions have been held, and more than a hundred articles contained in six books have been published; likewise, the discovery of the first prehistoric paintings in the municipalities of Abarán, Blanca and Ricote has been held. Finally, an interactive tool has been created (MAPACUVALLE - Map of the assets of the cultural landscape of the Ricote Valley) that, to date, allows 137 assets to be identified, update the state of conservation, and incorporate new heritage elements for dissemination and transfer of the knowledge to society (https://legadovivo.blogspot.com/p/mapacuvalle.html). This associative work has been prize-winning with the National Hispania Nostra Prize 2023 for the signalling and disseminating cultural and natural heritage.
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O’Rourke, Timothy, Nicole Sully et Steve Chaddock. « From Rambling to Elevated Walkways : Piecemeal Planning Histories in National Parks ». Dans The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME : SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5034pmvqv.
Texte intégralRésumé :
From the late nineteenth century, ramblers, trampers and bushwalkers have been instrumental in the creation of national parks. Their advocacy combined interests in nature conservation with recreational pursuits, heralding the two competing and often contradictory purposes of national park estates. In Australia, protected wilderness areas were invariably repositories of sacred sites linked by networks of walking pads across landscapes shaped by millennia of Indigenous occupation. From the mid-twentieth century, new infrastructure was required in national parks to cater for the growth in tourism. In Australia, the state-based system of “national” parks resulted in an uneven approach to both the creation of protected areas and the design of infrastructure for the hosts and guests. This approach was in marked contrast to the United States, where the Mission 66 program – approved by Congress in 1955 – resulted in a decade-long programme of expenditure on infrastructure that established the reputation of their national park system, and ensured a systematic national approach. This paper examines the piecemeal history of planning for bushwalkers in Australian national parks through a comparison of competing interests – the minimal needs of the self-sufficient rambler with infrastructure that caters for diverse tourism experiences. Australian case studies illustrate a contested but changing approach to planning for pedestrians in protected areas, from the making of tracks by volunteers and depression-era work gangs to elevated walks through forest canopies. A historical analysis highlights the changing attitudes to tourism and conservation challenges, now informed by greater knowledge of ecology and the belated recognition of Indigenous ownership and pre-colonial land management regimes. Threats to the biodiversity in protected areas suggest that a planning approach, which combines multiple disciplines and interests, will increasingly elevate both the bushwalker and tourist in their experience of nature.
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Rodríguez Cantalapiedra, Pedro. « Rigour, methodology and use, success in heritage conservation : The tower of the St. Mary Magdalene`s church. » Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15610.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The church of Santa María Magdalena of Matapozuelos (Valladolid) from the sixteenth century, made of Mudejar masonry brickwork combines late Gothic with Renaissance elements, is a Cultural Interest Asset. Its prominent tower is the object of this project. It was proposed the tower is restored to its original monumental value and condition, giving it a new life. The most significant change has been the installation of a fixed staircase extending the existing one to access the bell tower and upper levels, allowing controlled access for visitors and creating a more open and bright interior space, giving it a more functional sense, without losing the permeability of the bell tower. The research begins with the previous studies: historical, archaeological, petrological, photogrammetric and architectural, justifying the action theoretically. This led to the use of traditional methods and materials from the surrounding area in order to preserve the vernacular heritage: the tejar brickwork, the wood in the floorboards and woodwork (specifically elm wood), the vault cladding and the lime rendering of the walls, are highlighted. The problems were identified by classifying them according to their degree of complexity and a project diagnosis was made that served to take the necessary measures for their restoration. Three levels of intervention are established according to their volume of affection, three action groups are proposed according to the nature of the objective to fulfil, and three actions are qualified according to the contribution to the building to be preserved: repair, replacement or addition. This time of methodological study makes us achieve an exhaustive knowledge and a sensory closeness to the building, which makes us "feel it inside": History in architecture is important when it becomes blood. (Ignazio Gardella. Verona 1991. Conference: "My first 90 years in Architecture").
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Dantonio, Paola, Costanza Fiorentino, Vincenzo Nunzio Scalcione, Francesca Vera Romano et Francesco Toscano. « New technologies sustainability : monitoring and evaluation of results of interventions for the promotion of cultural heritage and the human landscape ». Dans 9th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies - Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002962.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The relationship between the development of technologies and the history of the cultural and agricultural landscape is linked to the concepts of "cultural landscape", understood as a space in continuous construction that changes with the change of individual, collective, social and cultural relationships of the inhabitants of the territory, or of the "cultural inhabitants", citizens who are producers of culture, rather than users. A vision of the "future as an open place" emerges, understood as a place of usability and sharing of all human, material and immaterial productions.Technologies, within a similar perspective, are presented as the historical evolution of téchne, whose degree of development today allows an extension of the level of human action.This study, in agreement with the scientific literature based on the use of recently developed digital models, demonstrates that the mainly agricultural territory of Basilicata, historically the site of complex social relations, has created a traditional rural society in which the concept of neighborhood and the spatial connotation also had the symbolic value of sharing knowledge and practices, relationships based on inclusiveness and sustainability. The diffusion of 5G technology is generating important cultural transformations. What used to be the neighborhood community in Matera (IT) - also following the activities launched with the CTEMT project and the social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic - is now becoming a virtual community for sharing knowledge and practices , beliefs and values, including the use and management of cultural heritage, which takes place through the network, and therefore using applications that promote a transformative intervention of the landscape, such as to make it functional to human needs, and, at the same time, sustainable with respect to the perpetuation of ecosystem relationships.The diffusion of 5G technology, is generating important cultural transformations. What in the past was, in Matera (IT), the neighbourhood community - also as a result of the activities launched with the CTEMT project and the social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic - now becomes a virtual community, sharing knowledge and practices, beliefs and values, including the use and management of cultural heritage, occurs through the network with the use of applications that promote accessibility and sustainability in both the urban and agricultural landscape. As argued by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the attention to the dynamic conservation of the landscape should not be placed so much to the "culture itself" or to the "nature itself" but rather to the relationship between these two dynamic components has been established, but also from the holistic mentioned many times, attentive to the values of identity and comforted by the knowledge and decoding of the intangible heritage, from which we deduce the active role, shared social behaviours, the mechanisms of transmission of knowledge and transgenerational awareness also thanks to the complex and fascinating universe of uses, traditions, rituals and rites that are an important tool of conscious management of the landscape and its culture. The conscious use of artificial intelligence is the concretion of the virtuous relationship between Humanism and technologies. For the biodiversity it is a support to the recognition of the species, in particular of the native ones, and it allows people to recognize themselves culturally and find into the biodiversity a collective and cultural belonging to the community and to the landscape. Therefore, thanks to the use of new technologies biodiversity becomes an historical-anthropological archive of knowledge and practices of a territory, and new technologies a powerful tool for the conservation of the cultural heritage.
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Seltmann, Katja C. « Natural history collections in support of conservation and ecological restoration ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91191.
Texte intégral
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Koch, Jonathan B. « Using digital natural history collection specimen data to investigate the future of bee conservation ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93739.
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Vitti, Paolo. « Lessons from the past, architecture for the future. Coupling historic preservation with sustainable architecture ». Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15641.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Restoration of built heritage can serve not only to preserve historical documents of the past but also to provide models for new sustainable architecture. Vernacular and, more generally, historic architecture is by its nature sustainabile and resilient. It is largely the result of experience and acquired knowledge, and shows how local resources can be used in a thoughtful and rational way in new construction. For this reason, it can inspire low-energy solutions necessary to address the current climate crisis. Conservation projects, in their turn, allow us to analyze the fabric of historic buildings, to understand which materials were used, how they were transformed and assembled, and how they offered the best response to the needs of use and resistance to the elements and natural hazards. In this paper, conservation of traditionaly-built architecture and new sustainable architecture are discussed as two partners pursuing the common goal of reducing the effects of climate change. The author investigates the way conservation and analysis of historic buildings allows us to interpret the complex and articulated reality of regional architecture. By retrieving the analysis of historic construction as a fundamental component for understanding architecture and adopting manual graphic records as a tool for expressing the complexity of the fabric of a building, it is possible to identify local building traditions and inspire new sustainable architecture.
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De Cadilhac, Rossella. « Quale futuro per il patrimonio fortificato : problemi di conservazione e valorizzazione ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11475.
Texte intégralRésumé :
What future for fortified heritage: problems of conservation and enhancementWhat are the risk factors that undermine the conservation of fortified architecture? What are the future prospects of a heritage that is not always adequately protected and valued? These are the questions posed by castles, towers, fortresses that seem to have lost the meaning of their existence, for having failed in their original function. Certainly the abandonment involves an inevitable lack of maintenance with the inevitable decay due to natural causes with slow action and prolonged over time. But even bad restorations conducted without the necessary historical-critical awareness and the necessary technical skills can irreversibly cancel documents of art and history, as well as “material testimonies of civilization value”. It is a heritage of multiple criticalities that offers an extraordinary opportunity for contemporary design aiming at conservation. Innumerable problems are posed by fortified architectures, first and foremost the accessibility, but also their management, which cannot but take into account the very close typology-function relationship and where, however, the old utilization is no longer possible. Unquestionably the first step is represented by the knowledge of these singular architectures, in the becoming of historical processes, which is an unavoidable moment on which the choices aiming at conservation and valorisation depend. Emblematic from this point of view are some case studies investigated in Puglia which pose the problem of maximum conservative attention and desirable enhancement, pursued with the promotion of knowledge and the assurance of the best conditions of use, provided that the new function is respectful of the identity of the object of study, of its use vocations and attentive to the needs and expectations of the community.
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Wang, Yanqing, Zhe Liu, Xiang Li, Shiqian Xu et Jun Lu. « Seawater Breakthrough Monitoring and Reservoir-Model Improvement Using Natural Boron ». Dans SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204306-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Natural geochemical data, which refer to the natural ion concentration in produced water, contain important reservoir information, but is seldomly exploited. Some ions were used as conservative tracers to obtain better knowledge of reservoir. However, using only conservative ions can limit the application of geochemical data as most ions are nonconservative and can either interact with formation rock or react with other ions. Besides, mistakenly using nonconservative ion as being conservative may cause unexpected results. In order to further explore the nonconservative natural geochemical information, the interaction between ion and rock matrix is integrated into the reservoir simulator to describe the nonconservative ion transport in porous media. Boron, which is a promising nonconservative ion, is used to demonstrate the application of nonconservative ion. Based on the new model, the boron concentration data together with water production rate and oil production rate are assimilated through ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) algorithm to improve the reservoir model. Results indicate that including nonconservative ion data in the history matching process not only yield additional improvement in permeability field, but also can predict the distribution of clay content, which can promote the accuracy of using boron data to determine injection water breakthrough percentage. However, mistakenly regarding nonconservative ion being conservative in the history matching workflow can deteriorate the accuracy of reservoir model.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Nature conservation – history"
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Arnillas, Carlos, Adam Martin, Felicity Ni et Sandy Smith. Biogeography in Conservation. American Museum of Natural History, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0137.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Humans have now altered essentially every natural ecosystem in the world, and among the numerous consequences of anthropogenic global change, many of the Earth’s species are currently living under drastically different environmental and ecological conditions. On one hand, many species that once thrived in the wild are now threatened by extinction, while at the same time, species that were historically benign are becoming invasive in different parts of the world. To address this major challenge, it is critical that conservation practitioners understand the multiple short- and long-term climatological, geological, and evolutionary mechanisms that have resulted in the current distribution of species; understanding how these same mechanisms interact is also key in predicting species distributions—and possible extinctions—into the future. Using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), an open-access worldwide database of species occurrences, this research project exercise is designed to guide teams of students through the process of: a) identifying and researching characteristics relevant to understanding species distribution (e.g., age of the group, habitat requirements, dispersal capabilities); b) representing the present and historic species distribution; c) critically assessing the quality and amount of information available; d) using that information to understand species history and potential future challenges the species may either face or impose on the ecosystems; and e) sharing the results with peers and learning from that experience.
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Mangrulkar, Amol, Gayatri Bakhale, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Kadambari Deshpande, Mihir Kulkarni, Narmada A Khare, Ravi Jambhekar, Ryan Satish et Sudhanva R Atri. Natural History of IIHS Campus : A Future of Urban Biodiversity. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195847396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the Anthropocene era, the global environmental crisis of mass species extinction and habitat loss poses a significant threat, intensified by climate change-induced events such as droughts, floods, heat stress, and extreme weather. India, with a projected mid-century population exceeding 1.5 billion, faces challenges to food, water, air, and ecological security, particularly in urban areas. Despite these pressures, India has demonstrated a noteworthy commitment to biodiversity conservation since Independence, embedded in its constitutional values.
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Jones, Lee, Jenny Powers et Stephen Sweeney. Department of the Interior : History and status of bison health. National Park Service, mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2280100.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The North American plains bison once numbered in the tens of millions, but only around 1,000 individuals remained by the late 1800s. Through the actions of private individuals and organizations, the establishment of a few protected, federally managed, herds saved the subspecies from extinction and today the Department of the Interior (DOI) supports ap-proximately 11,000 plains bison in 19 herds across 12 states. DOI chartered the Bison Conservation Initiative in 2008, which established a framework for bison conservation and restoration on appropriate lands within the species’ histori-cal range. With the recent announcement of the 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiative, DOI outlined a diverse range of accomplishments made under the 2008 Initiative and re-affirmed the commitment to work with partners in support of managing bison as native wildlife. Both the 2008 and 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiatives endorse a holistic approach, addressing health and genetic considerations, and recommend managing DOI bison herds together as a metapopulation to conserve genetic diversity by restoring gene flow. Bison conservation and restoration efforts must consider the significance of disease in bison herds and apply a multi-jurisdictional, multi-stakeholder approach to the management of bison on large landscapes. Robust herd health surveillance programs, both in the donor and recipient herds, along with strong partnerships and communication, are needed to protect the century-long success of DOI bison conservation and stewardship. This report discusses overarching principles affecting bison health decisions in DOI herds and provides detailed baseline herd health history and management, providing a foundation upon which the 2020 Bison Conservation Initiative vision for DOI bison stewardship can be realized.
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich et David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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MARKOV, R. S., E. A. BURTSEVA et E. I. SHURUPOVA. THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE IN THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL PARADIGM K. LEONTIEV. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-2-29-37.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the philosophical understanding of the social phenomenon of the origin of the state, presented in the works of the pre-revolutionary Russian thinker and conservative publicist K Leontiev. Arguments both confirming and refuting the truth of the proposed concept are studied. It is proved that the Leontiev paradigm is an original interpretation of the organic theory of the origin of the state, which is supported by examples from the natural world and world history.
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Peitz, David, et Tani Hubbard. Bird monitoring at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, Iowa : Status report 2005?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303787.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2005, the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network initiated bird surveys on Herbert Hoover National Historic Site to monitor changes in bird community composition and abundance and improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions on those relationships. This information helps park staff plan management objectives and assess the effectiveness of management alternatives. We evaluated park breeding bird trends in the context of trends observed within the North American Bird Conservation Initiative?s Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Region where the park is located. This allows us to assess the influence of park habitat management on bird populations with an understanding of regional population trends that are outside the influence of natural resource management activities at the park. Seventy-four species of birds were recorded in 18 years (2005?2022). Seventy-one of the species are considered breeding species (permanent or summer residents). Seven of these are species of concern for the Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Region. Nine species were observed in sufficient numbers to calculate annual abundances and trends with some degree of statistical confidence. The Red-winged Blackbird, American Robin and Dickcissel were the most abundant and widespread species on the park. Comparisons of regional trends (2005?2019; Sauer et al. 2020) with park population trends were inconclusive. Trends in the nine abundant species on the park were uncertain. Regionally, Dickcissel and Northern Cardinal were increasing. However, American Goldfinch, American Robin, Common Grackle, Common Yellowthroat, Eastern Meadowlark, Mourning Dove, and Red-winged Blackbird were declining regionally. Diversity, richness, and evenness in distribution of individuals across species in the park breeding bird community were unchanged over the 18 years. When sampled, habitats on the plots at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site consisted primarily of the old field/prairie type, with lesser amounts of other types present. Canopy cover averaged 2 to 13% on plots, with cover provided primarily by hard?wood trees. Basal area of hardwood trees averaged between 1 and 2 m2/ha, and canopy height averaged between 4 and 5 m. Tree species from 12 different families contrib?uted to the canopy cover and basal area of plots. Plots were primarily unvegetated at ground level, with grass litter common and bare soil exposed. Total foliar cover at ground level on consisted primarily of cool season grasses and forbs.
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor et Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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Martin, Kathi, Nick Jushchyshyn et Claire King. Christian Lacroix Evening gown c.1990. Drexel Digital Museum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/wq7d-mc48.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening gown by French fashion designer Christian Lacroix with related text. This evening gown by Christian Lacroix is from his Fall 1990 collection. It is constructed from silk plain weave, printed with an abstract motif in the bright, deep colors of the local costumes of Lacroix's native Arles, France; and embellished with diamanté and insets of handkerchief edged silk chiffon. Ruffles of pleated silk organza in a neutral bird feather print and also finished with a handkerchief edge, accentuate the asymmetrical draping of the gown. Ruching, controlled by internal drawstrings and ties, creates volume and a slight pouf, a nod to 'le pouf' silhouette Lacroix popularized in his collection for Patou in 1986. Decorative boning on the front of the bodice reflects Lacroix's early education as a costume historian and his sartorial reinterpretation of historic corsets. It is from the private collection of Mari Shaw. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer et Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment : Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
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Stone, Robert P., Stephen D. Cairns, Dennis M. Opresko, Gary C. Williams et Michele M. Masuda. A guide to the corals of Alaska. US Department of Commerce, NOAA, NMFS Scientific Publications Office, janvier 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7755/pp.23.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 mandat¬ed the research and management of the nation’s deep-sea coral resources through establishment of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra¬tion’s Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program. The challenge for Alaska was daunting, where expansive, world-class fisheries often coincided with extraordinarily rich coral habitats for a high-latitude region. The first chal¬lenge was to inventory known locations of deep-sea corals. Many coral records and some museum collections existed from Alaska, but the taxonomy of cor¬als was little studied and field iden¬tification of corals was problematic. Formal bycatch programs and research activities in recent decades provided many more specimens for taxonomic study, but guides to species were largely incomplete, inaccurate, and outdated given the fast pace of species discovery in Alaska. We provide a comprehen¬sive, up-to-date guide, detailing 161 coral taxa identified from museum collections, primary literature, and video records. Each profile includes a description, images for each taxon, taxonomic history, biology, ecology, geographical distribution, and habitat, including depth distribution. Corals are found in the six regions of Alaska but the coral fauna of the Aleutian Islands is by far the most species rich. The state of taxonomy for some coral groups is ex¬cellent, while others require additional collections and more taxonomic work. Construction of this guide resulted in descriptions of several antipatharian species, published separately from this guide (Alternatipathes mirabilis, Bathypathes alaskensis, B. ptiloides, B. tiburonae, and Parantipathes pluma) and the scleractinian Flabellum (Flabel¬lum) oclairi Cairns, sp. nov. described herein. The guide provides informa¬tion for targeting new collections and identifying areas of high abundance and indicator species of vulnerable marine ecosystems. Stakeholders can now more adequately assess Alaska’s coral resources and risks from natural and anthropogenic stressors.