Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Naturalismo critico »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Naturalismo critico"
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Macarthur, David. « Subject Naturalism, Scientism and the Problem of Linguistic Meaning : Critical Remarks on Price's 'Naturalism without Representationalism' ». Análisis. Revista de investigación filosófica 1, no 1 (28 novembre 2014) : 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_arif/a.rif.20141971.
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Resumen Huw Price es sin duda uno de los pragmatistas lingüísticos contemporáneos más importantes. Como admirador de su trabajo desde hace mucho tiempo, agradezco la oportunidad de realizar un comentario critico de su inflyente trabajo “Naturalism without Representationalism” (2004) publicado originalmente en un volumen que co-edité con mario De Caro titulado Naturalism in Question. Mis comentarios se centrarán en este trabajo suyo; discutiré cualquier otro material incluido en sus otros trabajos tan solo si sirve para aclarar algún aspect de este trabajo. No discutiré ningún desarrollo reciente de la posición anti-representacionalista de Price. Palabras clave: Huw Price, naturalismo, representacionalismo, naturalismo del sujeto, cientificismo. Abstract Huw Price is undoubtedly one of the most important contemporary linguistic pragmatists. As a long-time admirer of his work I welcome this opportunity to critically comment on his influential paper, “Naturalism without Representationalism” (2004), that first appeared in a volume I co-edited with Mario De Caro titled Naturalism in Question. My comments will be focused mainly on this paper; material from other papers will only be discussed in so far as it helps elucidate themes in this paper. I shall not be discussing recent refinements in Price’s anti-representationalist position. Keywords: Huw Price, naturalism, representationalism, subject naturalism, scientism.
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Muoio, Ilaria. « Tra il naturalismo di ‘costì’ e il verismo ‘di qui’ : Capuana recensore di Rod, Rod critico di Capuana ». Incontri. Rivista europea di studi italiani 33, no 2 (20 décembre 2018) : 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/incontri.10267.
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Teruel, Pedro Jesús. « Critical Naturalism ». Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica 77, Extra 295 (30 novembre 2021) : 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/pen.v77.i295.y2021.002.
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In this paper I map the conceptual framework of naturalism, its ontological implications and its current projection in the field of neurophilosophy. I show how critical naturalism formally differs from radical ontological naturalisms, both global and sectoral, in order to become a critical instance. Its theoretical implications lead to a definition of natural causality from the emergentist perspective and to metaphysical scenarios ranging from ontological pluralism to noumenal monism.
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Pizer, Donald. « The Study of American Literary Naturalism : A Personal Retrospective ». Literature of the Americas, no 11 (2021) : 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-11-424-436.
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Donald Pizer’s personal retrospective also embraces history of American literary naturalism studies from the early1950s up to nowadays. From his earliest seminar in American literature D. Pizer was deeply drawn to the writers of the 1890s. As a student he was assured by the standard historical and critical studies of the period that naturalists had failed in this effort to apply a scientific accuracy and detachment to fictional representation, their novels were therefore both untrue and inept and naturalism was in effect a regrettable false step in the "development" of American literature. Since the 1960s being engaged in close study of the early naturalists — Norris, Crane, Garland, Dreiser — Pizer had to confront these conventional attitudes. When looked at closely as a fictional representation of beliefs about human nature and experience, the naturalistic novel appeared to be far more complex than it was believed to be. Pizer sought in a series of books and essays to describe and thus to redefine American naturalism as a whole. Rather than a mindless adoption and crude dramatization of deterministic formulas, he found in naturalistic fiction the conflict between old values and new experience, which usually resulted in a vital thematic ambivalence. It was this very ambivalence, rather than the certainties of the convinced determinist, which was the source of the fictional strength of the naturalistic novel of the period. There has been much recent interest in the American naturalist movement and its texts. It seems, as long as American writers respond deeply to the disparity between the ideal and the actual in our national experience, naturalism will remain one of the major means for the registering of this shock of discovery.
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Gregoratto, Federica, Heikki Ikäheimo, Renault Emmanuel, Särkelä Arvi et Testa Italo. « Critical Naturalism : A Manifesto ». Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 42, no 1 (8 décembre 2022) : 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/krisis.42.1.38637.
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The Critical Naturalism Manifesto is a common platform put forward as a basis for broad discussions around the problems faced by critical theory today. We are living in a time, e.g. a pandemic time, when present-day challenges exert immense pressure on social critique. This means that models of social critique should not be discussed from the point of view of their normative justification or political effects alone, but also with reference to their ability to tackle contemporary problematic issues (like the dismantlement of the welfare state, the environmental catastrophe, and the sanitary crisis). With this manifesto, we invite varying practices of philosophical, artistic and scientific social critique to take seriously the enormous challenges our societies face with regard to inner and outer nature.
We first identity eleven theses of critical naturalism which contemporary critical theory should take into consideration. We then identify the historical crises and catastrophes that critical naturalism seeks to respond to, dispelling the prejudices against naturalism in contemporary critical thought, and considering alternative answers to these questions such as social constructivism, accelerationism, xenofeminism, flat ontologism, and monist world ecology. By sketching the notions of nature and naturalism, we anchor critical naturalism in the history of materialism and critical theory, understood initially as that of the Frankfurt School, but expanded and enriched by other approaches to social critique. Finally, we sketch models and projects of critical naturalism, which are exemplary fragments of varying ways to practice naturalist social critique.
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JEWETT, ANDREW. « CANONIZING DEWEY : NATURALISM, LOGICAL EMPIRICISM, AND THE IDEA OF AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY ». Modern Intellectual History 8, no 1 (3 mars 2011) : 91–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244311000060.
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Between World War I and World War II, the students of Columbia University's John Dewey and Frederick J. E. Woodbridge built up a school of philosophical naturalism sharply critical of claims to value-neutrality. In the 1930s and 1940s, the second-generation Columbia naturalists (John Herman Randall Jr, Herbert W. Schneider, Irwin Edman, Horace L. Friess, and James Gutmann) and their students who later joined the department (Charles Frankel, Joseph L. Blau, Albert Hofstadter, and Justus Buchler) reacted with dismay to the arrival on American shores of logical empiricism and other analytic modes of philosophy. These figures undermined their colleague Ernest Nagel's attempt to build an alliance with the logical empiricists, accusing them of ignoring the scholar's primary role as a public critic. After the war, the prestige of analytic approaches and a tendency to label philosophies either “analytic” or “Continental” eclipsed the Columbia philosophers’ normatively inflected naturalism. Yet in their efforts to resist logical empiricism, the Columbia naturalists helped to construct a sturdy, canonical portrait of “American philosophy” that proponents still hold up as a third way between analytic and Continental approaches.
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Grassl, Fabian F. « Atheism ? A Critical Analysis Stephen E. Parrish ». European Journal of Theology 30, no 1 (1 mars 2021) : 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2021.1.024.gras.
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Summary Parrish offers a fine in-depth analysis of the arguably strongest worldview in the West, naturalism. He puts its philosophical underpinnings to the test and finds its answers to life’s biggest questions considerably wanting. Written for a non-specialist audience, this book is an excellent overview over the pressing issues in metaphysics, philosophy of mind, ethics and aesthetics. It provides substantial and yet lucid reasons for the rational superiority of Christian perspectives on life. Zusammenfassung Parrish bietet eine hervorragende, in die Tiefe gehende Analyse der im Westen wohl am stärksten vertretenen Weltanschauung, des Naturalismus. Er stellt dessen philosophischen Unterbau auf den Prüfstand und findet, dass dessen Antworten auf die bedeutendsten Lebensfragen sich als sehr unzulänglich erweisen. Das Buch, das für eine allgemeine Leserschaft geschrieben ist, bietet einen ausgezeichneten Überblick über die vordringlichen Anliegen in der Metaphysik, der Philosophie des Geistes, der Ethik und Ästhetik. Es liefert grundlegende und dabei einleuchtende Gründe für die rationale Überlegenheit von christlichen Lebensperspektiven. Résumé Parrish offre une belle analyse en profondeur du naturalisme, la vision du monde qui, c’est incontestable, domine en Occident. Il en teste les fondements philosophiques et conclut à la très grande faiblesse des réponses proposées aux principales questions existentielles. Écrit pour un public non averti, ce livre est un excellent survol des questions essentielles qui se posent en matière de métaphysique, de philosophie de l’esprit, d’éthique et d’esthétique. Il présente des arguments substantiels, mais clairs, asseyant la supériorité rationnelle des conceptions chrétiennes de la vie.
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Marfori, Marianna Antonutti. « Naturalising Mathematics : A Critical Look at the Quine-Maddy Debate ». Disputatio 4, no 32 (1 mai 2012) : 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2012-0002.
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Abstract This paper considers Maddy’s strategy for naturalising mathematics in the context of Quine’s scientific naturalism. The aim of this proposal is to account for the acceptability of mathematics on scientific grounds without committing to revisionism about mathematical practice entailed by the Quine-Putnam indispensability argument. It has been argued that Maddy’s mathematical naturalism makes inconsistent assumptions on the role of mathematics in scientific explanations to the effect that it cannot distinguish mathematics from pseudo-science. I shall clarify Maddy’s arguments and show that the objection can be overcome. I shall then reformulate a novel version of the objection and consider a possible answer, and I shall conclude that mathematical naturalism does not ultimately provide a viable strategy for accommodating an anti-revisionary stance on mathematics within a Quinean naturalist framework.
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Fonseca, José Sérgio Duarte da. « MANIPULAÇÃO GENÉTICA E A CRISE DA IDENTIDADE MODERNA : TAYLOR, DENNETT E O “NATURALISMO TARDIO” ». Síntese : Revista de Filosofia 31, no 99 (20 mai 2010) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v31n99p65-90/2004.
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: No presente artigo partirei das teses de Charles Taylor sobre a necessária vinculação entre a identidade humana e a objetividade do bem para criticar o que chamarei de “naturalismo tardio” e sua “definição fraca” de ser humano, instanciado aqui pela tentativa de naturalização da ética proposta por Daniel Dennett. Defenderei a tese de que a inarticulação do “naturalismo tardio” oculta uma contradição que, juntamente com a possibilidade técnica da revisão eugênica do genoma humano, produz uma crise de nossa identidade moderna, permitindo assim a constituição lenta e gradual de uma sociedade “biocrática” de moldes pré-modernos.Abstract: In this paper I argue that Charles Taylor‘s theses on the necessary relation between human identity and the objectivity of the Good can be used as the basis to criticize what I call “late naturalism” and its “weak definition” of human being, exemplified here by the attempt of naturalization of ethics proposed by Daniel Dennett. I argue that the inarticulation of “late naturalism” hides a contradiction, which, in connection with the technical possibility of the eugenic revision of human genome, produces a crisis in our modern identity, allowing, in this way, a gradual and slow constitution of a “biocratic” society of a pre-modern kind.
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Kirtiklis, Kęstas. « AR NATŪRALISTINIAI SOCIALINIAI MOKSLAI GALI BŪTI KRITINIAI ? » Problemos 82 (1 janvier 2012) : 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2012.0.734.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kritinių socialinių mokslų samprata ir jų vieta platesnėse metodologinėse šiuolaikinės socialinių mokslų filosofijos diskusijose (ypač diskusijose dėl natūralizmo). Analizuojami du pamatiniai kritinių socialinių mokslų bruožai – metodologinis antinatūralizmas ir kritinė vertybinė nuostata. Straipsnyje tvirtinama, jog kritinė vertybinė nuostata numato itin siaurą vertybių sampratą (suprantant vertybes kaip nuostatas, nurodančias tyrimo tikslus), kurios laikydamiesi kritinių socialinių mokslų filosofai nepajėgia įrodyti būtino ryšio tarp kritinės vertybinės pozicijos ir konkrečios metodologinės pozicijos. Todėl kritinę vertybinę nuostatą įmanoma sieti tiek su natūralistine, tiek su interpretacine metodologija.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kritiniai socialiniai mokslai, natūralizmas, interpretacinė prieiga, vertybinis neutralumas socialiniuose moksluose.Are Critical Naturalist Social Sciences Possible?Kęstas KirtiklisSummaryThe article deals with the conception of critical social sciences and their place in the wider context of methodological debates, particularly in the naturalism debate in contemporary philosophy of social sciences. The article analyzes two basic characteristics of critical social sciences – methodological antinaturalism and critical axiological position. It is argued that because of excessively narrow notion of values (values as research-directing attitudes) implied by the critical axiological position philosophers of critical social sciences fail to demonstrate a necessary link between critical axiological attitude and particular methodology. Therefore, it is possible to relate critical axiology with naturalist as well as with interpretive methodology.Keywords: critical social sciences, naturalism, interpretivism, value-neutrality in social sciences.
Thèses sur le sujet "Naturalismo critico"
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MOLENA, DAVIDE. « Oltre la scuola antropologica : la riflessione penalistica di Bernardino Alimena ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41134.
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Il lavoro di ricerca è volto a delineare la figura di Bernardino Alimena (12 settembre 1861-30 luglio 1915), considerato uno dei fondatori e maggiore esponente della “terza scuola” di diritto penale. La prima parte del lavoro si concentra sulla fase di crisi attraversata dalla penalistica di fine Ottocento. Dopo una ricostruzione del dibattito nazionale ed internazionale ci si soffermerà sulla nascita della terza scuola attraverso l'analisi del saggio Naturalismo critico e diritto penale di Alimena e Una terza scuola di diritto penale in Italia di Emanuele Carnevale, che rappresentano il manifesto del nuovo indirizzo scientifico. Si delineeranno così i caratteri e gli obiettivi della nuova corrente misurando la sua incidenza nel dibattito dottrinale dell'epoca. Dopo aver approfondito il contesto in cui è nata e si è sviluppata la terza scuola, l'attenzione si sposterà sul pensiero di Bernardino Alimena, che verrà ricostruito seguendo due linee di analisi: in primo luogo si esaminerà la sua opera I limiti e i modificatori dell'imputabilità, divisa in tre volumi, pubblicati tra il 1894 e il 1898. Per il suo valore e per l'influenza che ha avuto nel mondo scientifico, tale opera rappresenta il punto privilegiato per osservare da vicino l'originalità del pensiero del criminalista. Successivamente si passerà ad illustrare alcune problematiche riguardanti istituti processualistici connotati dalla forte funzione politico-sociale da essi svolta. Si analizzeranno in particolare temi come l'azione penale, la giuria e la revisione che alimentarono il dibattito dottrinale di quegli anni caratterizzati dall'attesa per il nuovo codice di procedura penale. La seconda parte della ricerca è orientata a verificare quale siano stati i risvolti pratici della riflessione penalistica di Alimena. La ricerca ha il suo nucleo centrale nei lavori della commissione reale istituita con R.D. del 7 novembre 1909, volta a studiare le cause della delinquenza minorile ed a predisporre un codice per l’infanzia. L'esame dei verbali della commissione ci consentirà di indagare l'atteggiamento tenuto dal criminalista di fronte ad una materia in cui convergevano istanze positiviste ed esigenze di rispetto delle garanzie processuali. In ultima analisi rimarrà da analizzare il rapporto tra Alimena e la nuova scienza penalistica sviluppatasi intorno alle nuove teorie di Rocco. Tale studio ci offrirà lo spunto per valutare quale lascito ed incidenza abbia avuto il pensiero del criminalista nella penalistica del Novecento. A questo scopo sarà utile affrontare la carriera universitaria di Alimena, legata alla facoltà di giurisprudenza presso la Regia Università di Modena. Ottenuta la privata docenza in diritto e procedura penale a Napoli, nel 1899 Alimena sarebbe stato nominato professore straordinario all'Università di Cagliari per poi essere chiamato lo stesso anno a Modena e lì, promosso ordinario il 1 dicembre 1902, avrebbe insegnato per quindici anni, fino alla sua morte avvenuta nel 1915. Per ripercorrere la sua attività all'interno dell'università ci avvarremo degli annuari della Regia Università di Modena e degli appunti delle lezioni del criminalista, redatti dai suoi studenti nei primi anni del Novecento. Vedremo così da vicino l'istituzione della Scuola di applicazione per la criminologia e la pratica giudiziaria, voluta dal criminalista sul modello varato qualche tempo prima a Roma da Enrico Ferri. Allo stesso tempo gli appunti dei suoi corsi ci mostreranno il metodo di ricerca seguito dal criminalista di cui troveremo alcune tracce nelle sue opere.
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Tiefensee, Christine Marx Johannes. « Moral realism : a critical analysis of metaethical naturalism / ». Marburg : Tectum Verlag, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783828895348.
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Tiefensee, Christine. « Moral realism a critical analysis of metaethical naturalism ». Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2005. http://d-nb.info/987403958/04.
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Camelim, Francine. « Impressões e paisagens : na fronteira entre naturalismo, simbolismo e impressionismo / ». Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91507.
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Orientador: Renata Soares JunqueiraBanca: Orlando Nunes de Amorim
Banca: Jorge Vicente Valentim
Resumo: Propomo-nos aqui um estudo crítico das narrativas simbolistas de Raul Brandão (1867-1930), escritor português pertencente à geração de 1890. Tratamos de identificar, na ficção narrativa brandoniana, valores próprios do Decadentismo-Simbolismo, seja no que toca à temática predileta do autor, seja no que concerne à(s) forma(s) narrativa(s) empregadas para expressar os seus temas. Além disso, pretendemos salientar o diálogo que se estabelece dentro da própria obra de Raul Brandão, demonstrando a importância de seus primeiros escritos, presentes no livro de contos Impressões e Paisagens (1890). Tratamos, em suma, de estudar e divulgar textos literários em prosa simbolista, sobre os quais os críticos ainda não se debruçaram suficientemente. Com base na teoria do conto, em particular, e na teoria da narrativa, em geral, avaliamos a contribuição da obra de Raul Brandão no panorama da contística portuguesa, tendo por principal objeto de estudo dois contos, escolhidos para o corpus da pesquisa por serem muito significativos no seu primeiro livro: "A Maria Trolha" e "O homem do cancro". Nestes contos, estudamos os temas abordados, os personagens retratados e o perfil estético destas narrativas que mesclam elementos naturalistas, simbolistas e impressionistas, os quais demonstram o pioneirismo brandoniano na composição fronteiriça dos seus primeiros escritos.
Abstract: This work proposes a critical study of the Raul Brandão's (1867-1930) symbolist narratives. He is a Portuguese author who belongs to 1890 generation. We want to relate in the Brandão's narrative fiction, values of Decadentism-Symbolism It could be the favorite thematic of the author or the narrative form to express his themes. Additionally, we intend to show the dialogue between the whole work of Raul Brandão, unrolling the importance of his first short-stories in the book Impressões e Paisagens (1890). Thus, we want to study and to reveal literary texts in the symbolist prose, which the critics do not search enough. Using the short-story and narrative theory to support us, we study the author's contribution to the Portuguese narrative history. The main object of our study is two short-stories that are the most meaningful of his first book: "A Maria Trolha" and "O Homem do cancro". Therefore, we study the presenting themes, the acting characters and the construction of the short-stories, which blended into naturalistics, symbolistics and impressionistics elements that prove to be pioneer in the bounds of his first compositions.
Mestre
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Camelim, Francine [UNESP]. « Impressões e paisagens : na fronteira entre naturalismo, simbolismo e impressionismo ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91507.
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Propomo-nos aqui um estudo crítico das narrativas simbolistas de Raul Brandão (1867-1930), escritor português pertencente à geração de 1890. Tratamos de identificar, na ficção narrativa brandoniana, valores próprios do Decadentismo-Simbolismo, seja no que toca à temática predileta do autor, seja no que concerne à(s) forma(s) narrativa(s) empregadas para expressar os seus temas. Além disso, pretendemos salientar o diálogo que se estabelece dentro da própria obra de Raul Brandão, demonstrando a importância de seus primeiros escritos, presentes no livro de contos Impressões e Paisagens (1890). Tratamos, em suma, de estudar e divulgar textos literários em prosa simbolista, sobre os quais os críticos ainda não se debruçaram suficientemente. Com base na teoria do conto, em particular, e na teoria da narrativa, em geral, avaliamos a contribuição da obra de Raul Brandão no panorama da contística portuguesa, tendo por principal objeto de estudo dois contos, escolhidos para o corpus da pesquisa por serem muito significativos no seu primeiro livro: “A Maria Trolha” e “O homem do cancro”. Nestes contos, estudamos os temas abordados, os personagens retratados e o perfil estético destas narrativas que mesclam elementos naturalistas, simbolistas e impressionistas, os quais demonstram o pioneirismo brandoniano na composição fronteiriça dos seus primeiros escritos.
This work proposes a critical study of the Raul Brandão’s (1867-1930) symbolist narratives. He is a Portuguese author who belongs to 1890 generation. We want to relate in the Brandão’s narrative fiction, values of Decadentism-Symbolism It could be the favorite thematic of the author or the narrative form to express his themes. Additionally, we intend to show the dialogue between the whole work of Raul Brandão, unrolling the importance of his first short-stories in the book Impressões e Paisagens (1890). Thus, we want to study and to reveal literary texts in the symbolist prose, which the critics do not search enough. Using the short-story and narrative theory to support us, we study the author’s contribution to the Portuguese narrative history. The main object of our study is two short-stories that are the most meaningful of his first book: “A Maria Trolha” and “O Homem do cancro”. Therefore, we study the presenting themes, the acting characters and the construction of the short-stories, which blended into naturalistics, symbolistics and impressionistics elements that prove to be pioneer in the bounds of his first compositions.
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Saunders, Clare Elaine. « The nature of rationality : a critical analysis of the naturalistic view of rationality ». Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327314.
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This thesis aims to provide a theory of human rationality which is consistent with, and supportive of, the naturalistic approach to philosophy of mind. I analyse why the common tendency not to furnish a systematic and rigorous account of rationality is philosophically inadequate - namely, because this overlooks the critical role which the concept of rationality plays in the 'principle of charity' (Quine 1960; Davidson 1984) in philosophy of mind, which is a central part of a unified naturalistic approach to philosophy of mind and rationality. I aim to contribute to the field by rectifying this omission. I identify the theoretical commitments of any naturalistic approach to the theory of rationality - in particular, I argue for the neglected fact that naturalism commits us to an instrumental theory of rationality. I defend the theory of instrumental rationality against its critics, by means of elaborating the implications of the notion - also frequently overlooked - that the concept of rationality is one which applies paradigmatically to agents, rather than to reasoning processes considered in isolation (for example). The resultant instrumental theory of personal rationality which I develop and defend is characterised by two main original (related) features: (1) Certain fundamental features of human rationality are identified as constitutive in nature and status - given that humans are agents, then it follows necessarily that our theory of rationality has these certain characteristics. (2) Full instrumental rationality demands rationality of the self, which introduces further rational constraints of consistency (for example). I build upon these two central features of my theory of rationality to demonstrate how this account can thereby rebut accusations of extreme relativism and inadequacy of scope. Thus I aim to show how my instrumental theory of personal rationality can provide a philosophically adequate account of the normative status of rationality within the remit of the naturalist approach, and thereby also furnish adequate philosophical support for a defensible naturalistic theory of the mind.
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Guzman, Dahlia. « The Strategic Naturalism of Sandra Harding's Feminist Standpoint Epistemology : A Path Toward Epistemic Progress ». Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7626.
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This dissertation considers the “strategic naturalism” of Sandra Harding’s standpoint theory in the philosophy of science, and it should be applied to epistemology. Strategic naturalism stipulates that all elements of inquiry are historically and culturally situated, and thereby subject to critical reflection, analysis, and revision. Allegiance to naturalism is de rigueur, yet there is no clear agreement on the term’s meaning. Harding’s standpoint theory reads the lack of definition as indicative of its generative possibilities for epistemic progress. The driving question is why Harding’s approach has not been considered a viable candidate for determining progress in epistemology. Beyond the fact that epistemic labor, in its scientific and non-scientific forms, is a social activity, Harding’s approach recognizes that it is situated in and reinforced by a broader network of social institutions, beliefs, and practices. Harding’s strategic naturalism would invigorate epistemology by increasing the awareness, acceptance, and respect for epistemic difference and drive epistemic progress that not only acknowledges pluralistic ways of knowing but also gives a more accurate account of the knowing subject.
Chapter one is a discussion of non-naturalized epistemology and Quinean Naturalized Epistemology (QNE), framed by Harding’s historical account of the related projects of modern epistemology and science. This chapter highlights two important issues. The first issue is that epistemology is more complex than the story Quine offers. The second, and decisive issue is that the shared history of modern epistemology and science demonstrates the influence of social and cultural values on that history, and the long shadows they cast on naturalism debates in epistemology, science, and philosophy of science.
Chapter two is an exegetical account of the origins of and motivations for critical feminist responses to both the received epistemological theory and QNE discussed in chapter one. The justifications for the feminist critiques and the problematic issues that motivate these critiques provide the backdrop for the initial, positive response to QNE, as well as their disenchantment with Quine’s influential proposal. Ultimately, feminist epistemologists and philosophers of science assess QNE as not naturalized enough to address their concerns.
Chapter three considers several feminist standpoint theories to show that they are more naturalistic and better at providing a multi-faceted theory that is based on actual scientific practice, and re-introduces social values and interests as having a positive influence on epistemology and philosophies of science. This chapter shows that given the closely shared histories and assumptions of modern epistemology and science, FSE would be a viable resource for a more naturalistic epistemology.
The final chapter argues that the project of naturalizing epistemology could incorporate FSE insights and the positive role FSE’s controversiality would play in naturalizing epistemology and philosophies of science. If we are to take seriously the concept of situatedness and what that entails, then naturalism must also be situated, and revisited with a critical and reflective eye. The implications on both our epistemic theories and our accounts of what kinds of knowing subject we are would foster epistemic progress.
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Siqueira, Hélio da. « A critica hobbesiana à tradição política aristotélica ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2087.
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Il objettivo della nostra ricerca si occupa della opposizione del Hobbes contro la teoria di animale politico di Aristotele (Zoon politikon). Intendiamo dimostrare che, senza la rottura con la tradizione aristotelica, il filosofo inglese non ha potuto stabilire nè consolidare la sua filosofia politica. Per questo, abbiamo stabilito due obiettivi fondamentali correspondeti a ciascuno dei capitoli che ci permetteranno di capire come la costruzione della teoria politica hobbesiana diventa da quella rottura. La prima riguarda lo scontro di Hobbes contro il principio della naturalità politica dell'uomo, che articola la sua critica della filosofia tradizionale. Aristotele accredita che il fondamento dell'esistenza umana, come anche l'obiettivo della sua esistenza può essere pensato solo nella polis, per questo è dove gli individui possono essere considerati come esseri politici, e può essere sfruttato pienamente solo. Per Hobbes gli uomini hanno un impulso naturale, non per la vita in comunità, ma per la conservazione di se stesso e di ottenere ciò che consideriamo un bene per se stesso. Acora nel primo capitolo si analizzano uno degli elementi cruciali della concezione hobbesiana e la concezione aristotelica della natura umana, cioè la definizione di come funziona una delle facoltà più fondamentale dell'uomo, che è la ragione. Partenza una concezione meccanicistica della natura e la sua deriva una concezione meccanicistica della natura umana, Hobbes ci dice che c'è una tensione costante nell'uomo tra ragione e desiderio. Debito la inefficienza naturale della ragione sui desideri e sulle azioni umane, questa tensione è insolubile e può al massimo essere minimizzato attraverso l'istituzione di una persona artificiale. E 'attraverso la trasformazione artificiale dell'ordine naturale delle cose che l'uomo può, insomma, creare mezzi ragionevolmente sicuri per preservare se stesso. Il nostro secondo obiettivo, che è il secondo capitolo, è quello di analizzare il rapporto tra due teorie radicalmente diverse sul movimento in generale, un teleologica (Aristotele) e altri meccanici (Hobbes). Il problema del movimento è senza dubbio una delle principali sfide per il pensiero aristotelico. Nel libro III della Fisica che porta una definizione rigorosa di questa teoria. Si ritiene che la fisica aristotelica è, dall'inizio alla fine, una teoria del movimento, per tutto ciò che si muove è mosso da qualcosa. Inizio questa definizione si mostrerá come Hobbes svolge questa concezione del movimento alle teorie di morale e politico; capisce che non solo i corpi in generale, ma anche gli uomini si muovono inerziali, in modo che non solo i loro movimenti fisici, ma anche le emozioni si muovono senza fine e senza riposo. Infine, ci mostrerà a che punto questa teoria usata per spiegare il comportamento dei corpi generale è impiegato per Hobbes a esplicare il potere cognitivo dell'uomo, e le loro passioni e il loro comportamento.
O ponto central da nossa pesquisa versa sobre a posição de Hobbes frente à teoria do animal político de Aristóteles (Zoon Politikon). Pretendemos mostrar que, sem o rompimento com a tradição aristotélica, o filósofo inglês não conseguiria instituir nem consolidar a sua filosofia política. Para isso, estabelecemos dois objetivos fundamentais correspondentes a cada um dos capítulos, os quais nos permitirão entender de que modo a construção da teoria política hobbesiana se faz a partir desse rompimento. O primeiro versa sobre o embate de Hobbes contra o princípio da naturalidade política do homem, que articula a sua crítica à filosofia tradicional. Aristóteles acredita que o fundamento da existência do homem, como também o objetivo da sua existência, só pode ser pensado na pólis, pois, essa é o lugar onde os indivíduos podem ser considerados como seres políticos e, somente nela, podem realizar-se plenamente. Para Hobbes os homens têm um impulso natural, não para a vida em comunidade, mas para a conservação de si mesmos e para a obtenção daquilo que consideram um bem para si próprios. Ainda no primeiro capítulo, analisaremos um dos elementos cruciais da concepção hobbesiana e da concepção aristotélica acerca da natureza humana, isto é, a definição do modo como opera uma das faculdade mais fundamentais do homem, a razão. Partindo de uma concepção mecanicista da natureza e dela derivando uma concepção mecanicista da natureza humana, Hobbes nos mostra que há uma tensão permanente no homem entre a razão e os desejos. Devido a ineficácia natural da razão sobre os desejos e sobre as ações humanas, essa tensão é insolúvel e pode, quando muito, ser minimizada por meio da constituição de uma pessoa artificial. Sendo assim, é por meio da transformação artificial da ordem natural das coisas que o homem pode, enfim, criar meios razoavelmente seguros para preservar a si mesmo. O nosso segundo objetivo correspondente ao capítulo dois, é analisar a relação entre duas teorias radicalmente distintas acerca do movimento em geral, uma teleológica (Aristóteles) e outra mecanicista (Hobbes). O problema do movimento é, sem dúvida, um dos principais desafios com que se defronta o pensamento aristotélico. No livro III da Física, Aristóteles traz uma definição rigorosa dessa teoria. Considera-se que a Física aristotélica é, do princípio ao fim, uma teoria do movimento, pois tudo o que se move é movido por alguma coisa. A partir dessa definição, mostraremos como Hobbes transporta essa concepção do movimento para as teorias da moral e política; ele entende que não apenas os corpos em geral, mas também os homens se movem inercialmente, de modo que, não apenas seus movimentos físicos, mas também suas emoções se movem sem fim e sem repouso. Por fim, mostraremos em que medida essa teoria, utilizada para explicar o comportamento dos corpos em geral, é empregada por Hobbes para explicar o poder cognitivo do homem, bem como as suas paixões e o seu comportamento.
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Samaké, Famahan. « Le naturalisme Zolien dans Les Rougon-Macquart : une fatalité de la sexualité ». Thesis, University of South Wales, 2003. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/le-naturalisme-zolien-dans-les-rougonmacquart-une-fatalite-de-la-sexualite(3704063f-5f92-47b4-87a5-59598651a50c).html.
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My proposed PhD, titled Zola's Naturalism in The Rougon-Macquart: The Fatality of Sexuality, aims to study the basics of the naturalistic novel in the second half of the nineteenth-century France. Firstly, I have looked back at previous critical studies that were dedicated to the themes of sexuality and/or fatality in Zola's writing. This introductory chapter helped me understand how far critics have gone and what a long way we still have to go before we can fully appreciate the importance of these themes in the context of naturalism. Throughout the twenty novels that make The Rougon-Macquart series, I studied the fictional characters in their being, their appearance and their evolution in space and time. I therefore investigated whether or not these characters were masters or slaves of their space and time and beyond that, what influences they had on each other. Afterwards, I questioned the fecundity of the theme of sexuality in Zola's work to find out both the aspects of originality in his writing and his contribution to the modern novel. Nevertheless, I have criticized Zola on a wider angle as an emeritus writer with his own "weaknesses". Methodologically, I have largely used the semiotics approach along with psychoanalysis due to the specificity of sexuality. Despite the wide range of critical studies on Zola's novels, in my sense, most of them have so far failed to tackle naturalism at its foundations, i.e. sexuality. In fact, if one attempted to free The Rougon-Macquart from the theme of sexuality, neither the Rougon-Macquart family would exist nor the twenty novels they generated. Studying sexuality therefore appeared to be essential to the understanding of the naturalistic theory. However, and surprisingly so, most of Zola's critics have avoided that inescapable theme, perhaps more likely for reasons of decency rather than for scientific ones. It is in such context that I have decided that it was time to bring it to light for the sake of truth about the knowledge of Zola.
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Farhat, Amina. « Figures du discours critique : la réception humoristique des Rougon-Macquart de Zola (Pastiches et Caricatures) ». Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030161.
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Considérés pendant longtemps comme des moyens de dérision et de moquerie grivoise et insensée, les pastiches et les caricatures adressés à l’œuvre zolienne avaient été souvent relégués au rang de critique « légère », marginale et inutile. Or notre travail consiste à démontrer, supports humoristiques à l’appui, que tout en étant comique et dérisoire, cette manière un peu particulière de présenter le texte littéraire était un moyen efficace de lire, comprendre, analyser et critiquer l’œuvre zolienne. Ainsi et tout en tournant en dérision le chef naturaliste et ses ouvrages, pasticheurs et caricaturistes étaient les premiers sinon les seuls à pénétrer le sens profond de la pensée et de la création zoliennes, à voir les différentes nuances du style et de l’imaginaire zoliens et à pouvoir rendre compte de la spécificité d’une œuvre à la fois une et multiple. Pastiches et caricatures s’avèrent ainsi des moyens d’institutionnalisation qui, en reprenant la norme zolienne et en la perpétuant, avaient participé à constituer l’œuvre raillée comme création littéraire incontournable et donc à la réhabiliter en tant que texte littéraire à part entière. Ainsi, tout en faisant du rire et de l’exagération les fondements même de sa lecture critique, cette réception humoristique s’avère être l’une des figures les plus importantes sinon la plus importante et la plus « sérieuse » de la réception naturaliste du XIXème siècleConsidered during a long time as means of derision and smutty and insane mockery, lampoons and caricatures addressed to zolien’s work had often been relegated to the rank of light, marginal and useless critic. However our work consists in demonstrating that while being comic and desidory, this manner a few particular to present the literary text was a means efficient to read, to understand, to analyse and to criticize zolien’s work. So and as turning in derision the naturalistic chief and his works, caricaturists were the first otherwise the alone to penetrate the deep sense of the thought and zolien’s creation, to see the diffrent nuances of the style and the zolien’s imaginary and to be able to return account of the specificity of a work one at a time and multiple. Lampoons and caricatures prove to be thus of institutionalization means that, while taking zolien’s norm and while perpetrating it, had participated in to constitute the work laughed at like creation literary therefore to clear it as fully-fledged literary text. Thus, and all while doing of the laughter and the exaggeration the same foundations of his readings, this humorous receipt proves to be one of the most important faces otherwise the more important and most serious of the naturalistic receipt to the XIXth century
Livres sur le sujet "Naturalismo critico"
1
Tiefensee, Christine, et Christine Tiefensee. Moral realism : A critical analysis of metaethical naturalism. Marburg : Tectum, 2008.
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Tiefensee, Christine. Moral realism : A critical analysis of metaethical naturalism. Marburg : Tectum, 2008.
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3
1952-, Wagner Steven J., et Wagner Richard 1946-, dir. Naturalism : A critical appraisal. Notre Dame, Ind : University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.
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Verga e il naturalismo. Milano : Garzanti, 1993.
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Tiberghien, Gilles A., 1953- writer of preface, dir. Journal du Rio Negro : Vers le naturalisme intégral. Marseille] : Éditions Wildproject, 2013.
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Bernard, Enrico. Teatro S-naturalista : Con il Manifesto de Teatro S-naturalista e l'antologia critica. 2e éd. Rome : Entertainment @ Art, 2004.
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1949-, Sprengel Peter, dir. Im Netzwerk der Moderne : Leo Berg : Briefwechsel 1884-1891 : Kritiken und Essays zum Naturalismus. Bielefeld : Aisthesis, 2010.
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Berg, Leo. Im Netzwerk der Moderne : Leo Berg : Briefwechsel 1884-1891 : Kritiken und Essays zum Naturalismus. Bielefeld : Aisthesis, 2010.
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1946-, Nelson Brian, dir. Naturalism in the European novel : New critical perspectives. New York : Berg, 1992.
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Evolutionary naturalism in Victorian Britain : The "Darwinians" and their critics. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate Pub. Ltd., 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Naturalismo critico"
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Müller, Jan. « Aristotelian Naturalism and Critical Theory ». Dans Aristotelian Naturalism, 441–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37576-8_29.
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Singh, Savita, Roy Bhaskar et Mervyn Hartwig. « Transcendental Realism and Critical Naturalism ». Dans Reality and Its Depths, 23–52. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4214-5_2.
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Andler, Daniel. « Critical naturalism for the human sciences ». Dans The Routledge Handbook of Liberal Naturalism, 419–28. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351209472-39.
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Carus, A. W. « Engineers and Drifters : The Ideal of Explication and Its Critics ». Dans Carnap’s Ideal of Explication and Naturalism, 225–39. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379749_16.
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Andler, Daniel. « Is Social Constructivism Soluble in Critical Naturalism ? » Dans New Directions in the Philosophy of Science, 279–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04382-1_19.
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Garrison, Justin D. « Projections Upon the Void : Irving Babbitt’s Critique of Naturalism ». Dans Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism Revisited, 65–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05226-2_5.
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Sebold, Richard. « Phenomenology and the Scientific Image : Defending Naturalism from Its Critics ». Dans Phenomenology and Science, 45–68. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51605-3_3.
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Cevasco, Roberta, et Diego Moreno. « Sulla geograficità della ecologia storica : contributi di Massimo Quaini ». Dans Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio, 245–58. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.17.
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The paper identifies the main contributions of Massimo Quaini to the problems of historical ecology in its South-European developments and to the definition of geographic-historical microanalysis within geography. It is on this ground that the work of the naturalists/ecologists has most dialogued with his geographical epistemology, starting from the dissatisfaction with the macro-categories of the global scale, the decontextualization of geographic facts and the problems of the “second biologization of the environment”, and drawing new perspectives for geographical action starting from the interpretation of rural and historical-environmental heritage.
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Janik, Allan. « Self-Deception, Naturalism and Certainty : Prolegomena to a Critical Hermeneutics ». Dans Style, Politics and the Future of Philosophy, 172–89. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2251-8_11.
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Kowalsky, Nathan. « Animal Difference in the Age of the Selfsame ». Dans The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 79–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I argue that mainstream animal-centered (i.e., “humane”) ethics and critical animal studies attempt to account for nonhuman moral considerability in terms of those animals’ similarities with human animals. I argue that this emphasis on similarity is a reason why these two fields are generally anti-naturalistic and ultimately (though ironically) anthropocentric. Moreover, on the assumption of a general Levinasian ethic of alterity, this anti-naturalism and anthropocentrism is violently immoral. I propose, therefore, an ethic of animal difference based on an ethically naturalistic reading of intra- and inter-specific behavior sets. However, such naturalism is problematic if the Anthropocene is understood to be a naturalized fact which undermines all (metaphysical or normative) claims to naturalness or wildness. In response, I argue that the Anthropocene is not a naturalized fact but a socially-contingent and constructed fact, and as such is open to moral evaluation. My proposed ethic of animal difference offers one such critique, and one more effective than those found in mainstream humane ethics or critical animal studies.