Bibliographies thématiques / NATO (Group)

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « NATO (Group) »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 26 juillet 2024
Mis à jour le 26 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

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Rada, Josef. « Smart defence : Joint geospatial support in NATO ». GeoScape 13, no 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0009.

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Abstract Smart defence in NATO may in its very nature represent not only automated remote solutions for battle activities, but harmonized and efficient system of geospatial support of deployed units as well. The objective of this study is to uncover the essence of allied geospatial support mechanism, determine critical spots and propose appropriate system enhancements. Wealth of experience of members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic was utilized to summarize the state of geospatial support in NATO. It is preferentially experience from foreign operations ISAF and KFOR, cooperation with NATO Headquarters SHAPE and from participation in Multinational Geospatial Support Group. Presented proposals for improvements of geospatial support might have significant impact on intelligence service and military units themselves. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Multinational Geospatial Support Group will become a single complex executive component of NATO geospatial support for foreign operations. • Financial and capacity means for geospatial support must be centralized directly within NATO structure to reach maximum efficiency. • Production of standardized-only scale set maps covering territory of NATO and areas of interest is to be obligatorily for all member nations. • Access to the web service CoreGIS should be granted for all NATO nations at a national level.
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Radojevic, Slobodan. « NATO naval forces in the Mediterranean ». Medjunarodni problemi 69, no 1 (2017) : 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1701050r.

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The NATO area covers more water than land. The Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean, the Baltic and the Black Sea geographically and strategically unite the allies. NATO is a maritime alliance because almost all Member States have a maritime orientation and are highly dependent on maritime trade. To protect its interests on the seas and oceans NATO countries built up and maintained strong naval forces. Twenty of the 28 Member States of the Alliance has its own Navy - naval forces. Also, the Alliance has developed a highly-trained naval capacity for immediate response - Standing NATO naval forces consisting of naval ships of Member States. The use of naval power is more frequent, while more than 80 percent of local interventions and wars were conducted from the sea and over the sea. After the Cold War, NATO has dominated in the global maritime domain with robust naval forces and conducted several key naval operations to project the power and influence events on the ground. NATO naval operations have been conducted from the Balkans to the South Asia and North Africa. In the post-Cold War security environment, the Mediterranean is an area of central geopolitical and geostrategic interest to NATO. Also, NATO has a strong economic and energy interests in the Mediterranean. In that region, the naval component of the Alliance is extremely active. NATO maritime activities began during the early 1990's. NATO conducted out of area operation - Operation Sharp Guard, a naval blockade of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Significant naval forces, including attacks from the distance from the sea, participated in Operation Allied Force in Yugoslavia. After the terrorist attacks on the United States, NATO has increased the capacity of naval forces in the Mediterranean and established Operation Active Endeavour. This naval operation today transformed in Operation Sea Guardian and NATO with naval forces exercised full control and supervision of all maritime activities around the Mediterranean. Today, NATO has the Standing NATO Maritime Groups 1 (SNMG 1) and Standing NATO Maritime Groups 2 (SNMG 2), Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group (SNMCG 1) and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group (SNMCG 2). NATO's Standing Naval Forces are no longer associated with a single area, but they must be ready for use anywhere. At present, NATO naval forces in the Mediterranean conduct maritime security operations and provides assistance in dealing with refugees and the migration crisis in the Aegean Sea. Today, NATO is a maritime alliance in action, actively preparing for the maritime century.
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Nagy, Milada. « Cyber Security Strategies of the Visegrád Group States and Romania ». Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 19, no 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseur-2021-0005.

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Abstract Among security challenges that have emerged on nation-state level, attacks in cyber space are ‘products’ of the recent past. Their significance has been overvalued especially in 2007 owing to the cyber attack against Estonia. As a consequence, it were not only the European Union (EU) and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to have created their own cyber security strategies but the majority of states have also made preparations for preventing and deterring threats from the cyber space. States of the Visegrád Four (V4) and Romania, though all full members of both the EU and the NATO, have prepared their own cyber security strategies. The objective of this study is to offer a comparative analysis of cyber security strategies of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania, contrasting them to the relevant documents of the EU and the NATO, pointing out the identities and differences. A further essential element of the research is the description of the cooperation between V4 members in the implementation of cyber security strategies and of the chances of broader regional cooperation in the given field based on the jointly adopted documents or on other grounds. One important step in this area was the adoption of the Central European Cyber Security Platform in 2013. This common move, joined also by Austria, is directed mainly at technical exercises. However, the functioning of the Platform is not free from difficulties. Therefore, V4 members have undertaken to find common solutions, including education and professional training for the further development of regional cooperation and widening its spectrum.
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Petrov, K. « The evolution of Russia – NATO relations in 2014-2015 and in short-term prospect ». Journal of International Analytics, no 1 (28 mars 2016) : 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2016-0-1-44-51.

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The article focuses on the relations between Russia and NATO against the background of a tense international situation. We pay attention to the consequences of the decisions taken at the summit in Wales in 2014, in particular, increasing of national defense expenditures. The duality in NATO’s approach towards Russia is maintained. Some NATO countries want to resume political dialogue with Russia, as they believe that this will contribute to the peace and security in Europe. By contrast, another group of NATO members, mainly the new ones from Eastern Europe, insist on a full freeze of the dialogue. They want NATO to serve the only goal - to contain and deter Russia. The final choice of the vector will depend on the implementation of the Minsk agreements designed to stop the bloodshed in the East of Ukraine.
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Machniak, Arkadiusz. « Proces szkolenia Sił Zbrojnych Ukrainy na przykładzie Joint Multinational Training Group w Jaworowie w latach 2016–2020 ». Polityka i Społeczeństwo 21, no 3 (30 septembre 2023) : 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2023.3.13.

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Szkolenie Sił Zbrojnych Ukrainy przez doradców międzynarodowych było jednym z najistotniejszych elementów modernizacji wojska ukraińskiego wpływającym obecnie na toczący się konflikt zbrojny na Ukrainie. Jego jednym z elementów było powołanie w 2016 r. Wspólnej Międzynarodowej Grupy Szkoleniowej (ang. Joint Multinational Training Group – Ukraine) na poligonie w Jaworowie. Tok szkolenia ukraińskich żołnierzy miał doprowadzić do istotnego przemodelowania struktur wojskowych do standardów NATO w zakresie organizacji, funkcjonowania oraz dowodzenia. Szkolenie prowadzone na bazie Międzynarodowego Centrum Budowania Pokoju i Bezpieczeństwa na poligonie w Jaworowie realizowane było przez instruktorów z krajów NATO. Na przestrzeni lat 2016–2020 Ukraina przy pomocy zachodnich instruktorów i uzbrojenia skutecznie reformowała swój sektor obronny. W okresie tym państwo ukraińskie doprowadziło do istotnych zmian jakościowych w segmentach związanych z obronnością i bezpieczeństwem
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IAGĂRU, Elena-Lavinia. « MODELLING AND SIMULATION AS A SERVICE (MSaaS) - EVOLUTION OF THE ALLIED FRAMEWORK WITHIN NATO ». INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERINCE "STRATEGIESXXI" 18, no 1 (6 décembre 2022) : 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2971-8813-22-59.

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NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG), the Alliance's modelling and simulation body, has focused its efforts in recent years on developing the concept of Modelling and Simulation as a Service (MSaaS), which aims to solve the difficulties in terms of cost and interoperability between existing modelling and simulation systems within Member States. The concept is based on cloud computing and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and its main objective is to assure improved flexibility, better accessibility and scalability, with lower costs for modelling and simulation applications. Advances in service-oriented architecture (SOA) and cloud computing are an opportunity to improve the use of modelling and simulation capabilities within NATO. MSaaS is based on the idea of being able to use a computer product without a major investment in hardware, software, staff and infrastructure. Thus, the military user can be situated in a central location, while the services offered can be available through the network. The research and development activities of MSaaS within NATO were undertaken by the NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) on the basis of a multi-stage structured strategy, which started in 2013. At present, the implementation strategy is in MSaaS Specification and Validation phase, to be completed in 2022.
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Balogh, Péter. « In the focus : NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance System ». Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 12, no 2 (31 décembre 2013) : 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2013.2.1.

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NATO plans to acquire an Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) system that will give commanders a comprehensive picture of the situation on the ground. NATO’s operations in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya showed how important such a capability is. A group of Allies intends to acquire five unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their associated command and control base stations. NATO will then operate and maintain them on behalf of all 28 Allies. At the May 2012 NATO Chicago Summit there were several important topics discussed. The broader public learned the Smart Defence and Alliance Ground Sur- veillance System (AGS) expressions as frequently repeated issues in the politico– military environment. This paper shall highlight the AGS’s necessity, to be set up as a Joint NATO capability giving historical background as well as creating a state of the art Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Aquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) solution for the Alliance.
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Kurečić, Petar. « The “New Cold Warriors” and the “Pragmatics” : The Differences in Foreign Policy Attitudes towards Russia and the Eastern Partnership States among the NATO Member States from Central and South-Eastern Europe ». Croatian International Relations Review 23, no 80 (27 novembre 2017) : 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2017-0021.

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AbstractThe post-communist NATO member states from Central and South-Eastern Europe (CSEE) comprise a group of 11 NATO/EU member states, from the Baltic to the Adriatic and Black Sea. The twelfth and thirteenth NATO member states from the region are Albania and Montenegro. The afore-mentioned NATO/EU member states have mostly shown a similar stance towards the Eastern Partnership Policy. However, since 2014, these states have shown more diverse stances, albeit declaratively supporting the anti-Russian sanctions. Due to the difference in stances towards Russia, the “New Cold Warriors” (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania) and the “Pragmatics” (Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and Bulgaria), will maintain a mostly common course towards Russia and the Eastern Partnership states because they have to. The Czech Republic, although hosting a part of the US anti-ballistic missile shield, is not a genuine “New Cold Warrior”, while in 2016 Croatia effectively became one.
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Harcourt, Alexander H. « Cooperation in Conflicts : Commonalities Between Humans and Other Animals ». Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no 2 (août 1992) : 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400015252.

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“The Parties to This Treaty…are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defense,” and to a fairly large extent, the nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have done just that for nearly 50 years. “During fights, individuals compare the strength of their own group with that of the opponent. When they perceive that group members locally outnumber opponents, they behave aggressively, recruiting to the battle and cooperating” (Adams, 1990:326). This second quote is not an account of the behavior of NATO soldiers; it is a description of boundary disputes between colonies of a territorial ant, altered only to remove references to ants.
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Mamishova, N. « TURKEY – NATO'S AMBASSADOR IN NAGORNO KARABAKH ? » Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. International relations, no 2 (54) (2021) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2021/2-54/21-25.

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It was in full swing of the 2020 newly-blown Nagorno Karabakh war when during an online press conference following the meetings of NATO Defense Ministers its Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg openly denoted Turkey as the one expected to "use its considerable influence in the region to calm tensions". Amid Armenia's accusations of Ankara allegedly playing a negative role in the conflict, this was a living testament of Turkey being a "valued Ally" of NATO. Pushing a political solution to the conflict, in which NATO was though not part in and around, the Alliance apparently sought to "level the playing field" within the Minsk Process, whose activity was never effective. The peace efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by Russia and two powerful NATO allies – France and the United States, proved to be obsolete and unhelpful in the long-standing territorial dispute between Yerevan and Baku. Somehow, inserting Turkey into this configuration of powers consequently managed to bring some stability to the region. This study aims at investigating how comes that Russia "sanctioned" having Turkey, another NATO member, as a "certified" player on the field and that Armenia-favoring France let engage the country which has even no diplomatic relations with Yerevan. It concludes consequently that self-positioning of Turkey as a non-conventional NATO ally pursuing an autonomous foreign and security policy has been a critical factor.
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Thèses sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

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Rademacher, Franz L. « DISSENTING PARTNERS : THE NATO NUCLEAR PLANNING GROUP 1965-1976 ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1217257345.

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Charbonneau-Gowdy, Paula. « May I come in ? : social identity and investment issues for a group of Ukrainian military officers in a NATO-sponsored immersion program ». Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31095.

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After a decade of suffering from a lack of attention in second language research, interest in motivational issues has recently shifted the focus of its analysis from the individual as learner to learning as participation in social activities and social worlds. If we accept the notion that language learning results from involvement in communicative events, then to what degree learners participate in an event, if at all, is crucial to that learning. In this thesis I add to the body of research that has begun to examine the complexities of the interface between individuals and learning contexts. I examine the historical, cultural and personal influences that a group of Ukrainian military officers bring to a NATO sponsored immersion program, as well as their perceptions of their place within the power structures that are inherent to this setting.
I argue that for the group of learners in this study, second language acquisition theories have not provided an adequate explanation for the reason why they did or did not participate in communicative events both inside and outside the classroom. Drawing on Vygotsky's (1962, 1978) language learning theories and Peirce's (1989, 1993, 1995, 1997) notions of social identity and investment to support my findings, I identify elements that served to marginalize these learners and disempower them, and which were responsible for their apparent lack of investment in language learning. I also suggest how, for some of these officers, changes in their social identities led to more opportunities to practice English and eventually to feel empowered both during the language course and once they returned home.
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Kuzum, Sinan. « The Making Of The Visegrad Initiative : Crises And Survivals, Dilemmas And Prospects ». Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605707/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquo
return to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.
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Sinan, Kuzum. « The making of the visegrad initiative : crises and survivals, dilemmas and prospects ». Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605719/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquo
return to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.
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Louie, Johnson Yu Kwong. « Interest Groups, Executive-Legislative Relations and the U.S. Politics of NATO Enlargement ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9920.

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The activism of ethnic interest groups reflects the development of a pluralist American foreign-policy process in the post-Cold War era. Since U.S. political power is divided and shared between the Presidency and Congress, there are two separate and interdependent decision-making arenas for interest groups to seek political access. A topic left relatively under examined is the impact of partisanship in executive-legislative relations on the strategies groups use to influence foreign-policy decisions. This thesis contributes to the study of the domestic politics of foreign policymaking by examining the role of ethnic interest groups in the Clinton administration’s decision to enlarge the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Party control of American political institutions, public opinion, and mass electoral pressure are posited as variables to guide the theory development of group strategies in foreign-policy lobbying.
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Wirths, Stephan Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mantl et Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Morgenstern. « Group IV epitaxy for advanced nano- and optoelectronic applications / Stephan Wirths ; Siegfried Mantl, Markus Morgenstern ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127739786/34.

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Oftadeh, M., M. Totonkooban et N. Farzi. « Study of the Structure Effect on Water Adsorption by a Group of Nano Copper Clusters ». Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35138.

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According to the previous studies, water adsorption energy on the metal surface like as Cu strongly dependent to the structure surface and the size. During the study of the mechanism of the interaction of water and Cu in water gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O CO2 + H2), it has been determined Cu is active site of catalysis. These studies inspired the authors to consider theoretically the effect of the structure in the process of the water adsorption in order to select the suitable structures of the copper clusters, Cu10, for H2 releasing in the fuel cells at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. The results showed the distinct effect of the structure on the type of adsorption process (physical or chemical) through three structure of Cu10 (I, II, III structures, Fig. 1). The structures I and II showed physical surface adsorption in reaction with water and the structure III showed chemical adsorption with H2 releasing. The adsorption energies are 0.38 ,1.15 ,-28.27 (kcal/mol) and ΔGads are 11.14, 13.49, -20.12 (kcal/mol), respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35138
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Wirths, Stephan [Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Mantl et Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Morgenstern. « Group IV epitaxy for advanced nano- and optoelectronic applications / Stephan Wirths ; Siegfried Mantl, Markus Morgenstern ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127739786/34.

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Oymak, Mert Mehmet. « Photocatalytic Activity In Nano Sized Titanium Dioxide Structures ». Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615546/index.pdf.

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The objective of this thesis is to investigate the photocatalytic activity in nanosized TiO2 structures. Two different structures were used for two different reaction systems. In the first part of the study, TiO2 coated on glass beads by a sol-gel procedure were used to test the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction with H2O and H2 in the gas phase. The results of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction revealed that CO2 reduction step of the overall reaction proceeds in dark
while illumination is required for water splitting reaction. In the second part of the study, Photocatalytic oxidation activity of the commercial TiO2 powders mixed with grout and plaster were studied for a potential commercial self cleaning material. A method based on gas phase benzene oxidation was developed for testing TiO2 added cement based self cleaning surfaces. This method was used to screen 15 commercial TiO2 samples with and without cement. Based on this method a commercial TiO2 sample (S9) was selected for further use. Surface of 15 commercial TiO2 samples were characterized by using NO and CO2 as probe molecules. Photocatalytic benzene oxidation experiments showed that using TiO2 on the surface lead to more effective surfaces in terms of photocatalytic activity. TiO2 was bound to surface by inorganic materials without much activity loss. This kind of amount optimization is of commercial importance.
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Pang, Liuqing. « Multi-metal nano-materials as efficient electrocatalysts ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I013.

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L'hydrogène (H2) a été considéré comme le vecteur d'énergie le plus prometteur et renouvelable. Avec les avantages d'un faible coût et d'une grande efficacité, le fractionnement électrochimique de l'eau est une approche prometteuse pour produire du H2 d'une grande pureté. Cependant, l'application pratique du fractionnement électrochimique de l'eau pour la production à grande échelle de H2 est fortement entravée par une tension de polarisation élevée et par une faible stabilité d'électrode. L’électrolyse comprend deux demi-réactions, à savoir la réaction de dégagement cathodique de l'hydrogène (HER) et la réaction anodique de dégagement d'oxygène (OER). Actuellement, les métaux du groupe Pt sont les catalyseurs les plus efficaces pour HER alors que les catalyseurs à base d'Ir/Ru sont utilisés pour la réaction de dégagement d’oxygène. Cependant, le coût élevé et la rareté de ces métaux limitent leur usage répandu. Des efforts considérables ont alors été consacrés au développement de catalyseurs nanostructurés en alliage ou en métaux non nobles pour le fractionnement de l'eau. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, nous avons synthétisé des catalyseurs très efficaces et stables en utilisant un processus simple et respectueux de l'environnement. Premièrement, nous avons préparé des nanoparticules de PtRu2 supportées sur un matériau à base de graphène co-dopé au soufre et à l'azote renfermant des traces de fer (PtRu2/PF) par une réaction hydrothermale. Le catalyseur PtRu2/PF peut produire une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une faible valeur de surtension de 101 mV pour HER à pH = 1, et une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une surtension de 238 mV pour l'OER en milieu alcalin. De plus, ce catalyseur est également très efficace pour l'oxydation du méthanol (MOR) en milieu acide et pour la réduction d'oxygène (ORR) dans une solution 0.1 M KOH. Dans la deuxième partie de mon travail de thèse, nous décrivons la préparation d'un matériau hybride constitué d'oxyde de cobalt décoré sur MoS2 dopé à l'azote supporté sur des fibres de carbone (CoO/N-MoS2/CF) en combinant la technique hydrothermale et le dépôt électrochimique. Le CoO/N-MoS2/CF a fourni une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une surtension de 78 mV pour la réaction de dégagement d’hydrogène (HER) et une densité de courant de 50 mA cm-2 à 458 mV pour la réaction de dégagement d’oxygène (OER) dans 1.0 M KOH. De plus, le CoO/N-MoS2/CF a permis de générer une densité de courant maximale de 53 mA cm-2 à une tension de cellule appliquée de 1.5 V pour l’électrolyse d'eau dans un système à deux électrodes. Dans la troisième partie de mon travail de thèse, nous avons montré pour la première fois l’effet de plasmons de surface localisés pour accélérer la réaction électrochimique de dégagement d’hydrogène en utilisant un film mince d’or perforé, sous un éclairage avec de la lumière dans le proche infrarouge. La génération d’un champ électromagnétique intense, sous l'éclairage de l'électrode perforée de nano-trous d'or (Au NH), facilite la dissociation de l'eau en H2. La surtension nécessaire pour le dégagement d’hydrogène sur de telles électrodes plasmoniques est de 205 mV pour produire une densité de courant de 100 mA cm-2, largement améliorée par rapport au matériau de référence, le Pt. Le comportement électrocatalytique est aussi caractérisé par une faible pente de Tafel de 33 mV dec-1. Ces matériaux ont été caractérisés par une variété de techniques différentes, telles que la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), en transmission (MET), la diffractométrie de rayons X (DRX), spectrométrie photoélectronique X (XPS), la spectroscopie Raman et des mesures électrochimiques
Hydrogen (H2) has been considered as the most promising and renewable energy carrier. With the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach to produce H2 with high purity. However, the practical application of water splitting for mass production of H2 is greatly hindered by a higher applied bias voltage and a lower electrode stability required in an electrolyzer arising from two half reactions in water splitting, namely, cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Currently, Pt-group metals are the most effective catalysts for HER while the benchmark catalysts for OER are Ir/Ru-based compounds. However, high cost and scarcity of these metals limit their widespread use. Therefore, enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of nano-scale non-noble metal catalysts with high dispersibility, large specific surface area, and electrocatalytic activity for water splitting. In this thesis, we have explored high-efficiency, high-stability, low-price electrocatalysts using a simple and environmentally friendly process. Firstly, we prepared new PtRu2 nanoparticles supported on sulphur- and nitrogen-co-doped crumbled graphene with trace amounts of iron (PtRu2/PF) electrocatalyst by one-step hydrothermal process. The PtRu2/PF catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 at a low overpotential value of only 101 mV for HER at pH=1 and a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of only 238 mV for the OER in alkaline solution. Interestingly, this catalyst was also efficient for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acidic solution and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH solution. Secondly, we described the preparation of a hybrid material consisting of cobalt oxide decorated on nitrogen-doped MoS2 supported on carbon fibers (CoO/N-MoS2/CF) through a two-step process combining hydrothermal technique and electrochemical deposition. The CoO/N-MoS2/CF achieved a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of only 78 mV for the HER and a current density of 50 mA cm-2 at 458 mV for the OER in 1.0 M KOH. Additionally, the CoO/N-MoS2/CF delivered a maximum current density of 53 mA cm-2 at an applied cell voltage of 1.5 V for a two-electrode water splitting. Thirdly, we showed for the first time the extraordinarily capacity of perforated gold nanoholes (Au NHs) electrodes for electrochemical water splitting under illumination with light. The strong plasmonic electromagnetic enhancement, which occurs under illumination of the perforated Au NHs electrode, facilities the dissociation of water into H2. The overpotential for the HER occurs on such plasmonic electrodes at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 was 205 mV, largely improved compared to the reference material, Pt. The fast electrocatalytic behavior of the interface was attested by a low Tafel slope of 33 mV dec-1. All of these materials were characterized by a variety of different techniques, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman and electrochemical measurements
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Livres sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

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Coulon, Jocelyn. The NATO Nuclear Planning Group. Ottawa : Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, 1988.

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1927-, Brown Harold, et Haig Alexander Meigs 1924-, dir. The NATO summit and beyond : A consensus report of the CSIS Senior NATO Policy Group. Washington, DC : Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994.

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Hunter, Robert Edwards. NATO and Russia : Bridge-building for the 21st century : report of the Working Group on NATO-Russia Relations. Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2002.

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Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and. Report of AGARD Working Group no. 13 on echocardiography in NATO aircrew. Neuilly-sur-Seine : AGARD, 1990.

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5

L, Kangas Jack, Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military History (Bucharest, Romania) et Partnership for Peace. Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes., dir. Future of NATO : The study group meeting, Bucharest, Romania, March 14-15, 2002. Bucharest : Institute for Political Studies of Defence and Military History, 2002.

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Atlantic Council's Working Group on the Future of NATO. NATO to the year 2000 : Challenges for coalition deterrence and defense : a report of the Atlantic Council's Working Group on the Future of NATO. Washington, D.C. (1616 H. St., NW, Washington 20006) : Atlantic Council of the United States, 1988.

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Domenico, Alessandro Di. A report of NATO/CCMS working group on management of accidents involving the release of dioxins and related compounds. Roma : Istituto superiore di sanità, 1988.

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David, Beevis, NATO Defense Research Group. Panel VIII on Computer-Based Instruction in Military Environments. et Crew Systems Ergonomics/Human Systems Technology Information Analysis Center., dir. Analysis techniques for human-machine systems design : A report produced under the auspices of NATO Defence Research Group Panel 8. Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH : Crew Systems Ergonomics/Human Systems Technology Information Analysis Center, 1999.

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Caramel, Luciano, et Patrizia Ferri. Gruppo uno : 1962-1967 : Gastone Biggi, Nicola Carrino, Nato Frascà, Achille Pace, Pasquale Santoro, Giuseppe Uncini : Comune di Termoli, Galleria civica d'arte contemporanea : gli anni '60 a Roma. Roma : Joyce & Co., 1998.

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E, Raugh Harold, Iosipescu Sergiu, Rîjnoveanu Carmen, Institutul pentru Studii Politice de Apărare și Istorie Militară et Germany Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, dir. End of empires : Challenges to security and statehood in flux : papers from the 9th Annual Conference of the Euro-Atlantic Conflict Studies Working Group : Bucharest, 26-28 May 2009. Bucharest : Military Pub. House, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

1

Burroughs, Nigel. « The Quantum Group Methods of Quantising the Special Linear Group Sl(2,C) ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 513–39. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3802-8_14.

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Gupta, Rajan. « Monte Carlo Renormalization Group : A Review ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 37–65. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2231-3_4.

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Reuter, M. « Exact Renormalization Group Equations for Gauge Theories ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 255–58. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1304-3_26.

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Carlip, Steven. « 2+1 Dimensional Quantum Gravity and the Braid Group ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 541–51. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3802-8_15.

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Paldus, Josef. « Unitary Group Approach to the Many-Electron Correlation Problem ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 57–63. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7419-4_5.

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Weaver, John Michael. « NATO Communications & ; Information Systems Group (NCISG) ». Dans NATO in Contemporary Times, 123–36. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68731-1_10.

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Romanino, Andrea. « Unified Theories of Flavour with U(2) as Horizontal Group ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 105–13. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0242-9_4.

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Couture, M., H. C. Lee et N. C. Schmeing. « A New Family of N-State Representations of the Braid Group ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 573–82. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3802-8_17.

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Böhm, M. « Report on Working Group A : Renormalization Schemes for Electroweak Radiative Corrections ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 233–43. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9054-1_16.

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Stirling, W. J. « Summary of Working Group C : Interplay of QCD and Electroweak Corrections ». Dans NATO ASI Series, 507–20. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9054-1_33.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

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KEEFE, Allan, James KUANG et Hein DAANEN. « NATO Research Task Group : 3D Scanning for Clothing Fit and Logistics ». Dans 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017. Ascona, Switzerland : Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/17.201.

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Loy-Kraft, Grizelda, et Donald Erbschloe. « Environmental Particulate Foreign Object Damage : A NATO S&T Task Group ». Dans 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4493.

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Cummings, Russell M., et Andreas Schuette. « The NATO STO Task Group AVT-201 on ‘Extended Assessment of Stability and Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air Vehicles’ ». Dans 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2000.

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Huang, Xing-Zhong, et Niek Verhaagen. « NATO RTO AVT Task Group-080 "Vortex Breakdown over Slender Wings" : Objectives and Overview ». Dans 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3939.

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Cummings, Russell, Andreas Schuette et Andreas Huebner. « Overview of Stability and Control Estimation Methods from NATO STO Task Group AVT-201 ». Dans 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-968.

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Warsop, Clyde, William Crowther et Matthew Forster. « NATO AVT-239 Task Group : Supercritical Coanda based Circulation Control and Fluidic Thrust Vectoring ». Dans AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0044.

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Niestroy, Michael A., David R. Williams et Jurgen Seidel. « NATO AVT-239 Task Group : Active Flow Control Simulation of the Tailless ICE Aircraft ». Dans AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0279.

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Miers, Kevin T., Nausheen M. Al-Shehab et Daniel J. Pudlak. « High pressure oblique shock interactions in NATO fragment impacts ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0001096.

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Toubman, Armon, Jan Joris Roessingh, Joost van Oijen, Rikke Amilde Lovlid, Ming Hou, Christophe Meyer, Linus Luotsinen, Roel Rijken, Jack Harris et Michal Turcanik. « Modeling behavior of Computer Generated Forces with Machine Learning Techniques, the NATO Task Group approach ». Dans 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844517.

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Jirasek, Adam, Russell M. Cummings, Andreas Schuette et Kerstin C. Huber. « The NATO STO AVT-201 Task Group on Extended assessment of Stability an Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air Vehicles : Summary, Conclusions and Lessons Learned ». Dans 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2394.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "NATO (Group)"

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Salton, Jonathan R. DHS S&T First Responders Group and NATO Counter UAS Proposal Interest Response. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1420749.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy et Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.
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Barron, Andrew R. Group III Materials : New Phases and Nano-Particles with Applications in Electronics and Optoelectronics. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, décembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377550.

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Ruzante, Juliana M., Ellen Thomas Shumaker, Sidney Holt, Susan Mayer, Adam Kokotovich, Maude Cuchiara, Andrew R. Binder, Jennifer Kuzma et Khara Grieger. Eliciting Stakeholder Perceptions Using a Novel Online Engagement Platform : A Case Study on Nano-Agrifoods. RTI Press, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0071.2201.

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Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.
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Lahti, Yannick, et Emilia Palonen. The impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on right-wing populism in Finland. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0018.

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As Finland’s neighbour, Russia, attacked its neighbour, Ukraine, the response across the political spectrum in Finland was universal. All the parties underscored the importance of patriotism and sovereignty and messages of solidarity and support for Ukraine (alongside condemnation of Russia). Support for Putin or the war is basically non-existent in Finland. Still, the Finns Party (FP), which is part of the populist Radical Right milieu in Finland, polls extremely well. Moreover, groups combining anti-COVID-19 measures with pro-Putin leanings have registered as political parties in preparation for elections in spring 2023. Still, their combined support is in single digits. The concrete consequences of the war include a U-turn in foreign policy from long-standing neutrality to NATO membership, with all parties—including the FP—supporting the government’s pending application to join alongside neighbouring Sweden. Interestingly, as the conflict heated up in early 2022, “Niikkogate”—a scandal in which a parliamentary committee chair from the FP was replaced after tweeting pro-Kremlin sentiments—has indicated the degree of pro-Ukraine support across the political spectrum.
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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross et D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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