Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Native parasitoids »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Native parasitoids"
1
van Nouhuys, Saskya, David C. Harris et Ann E. Hajek. « Population level interactions between an invasive woodwasp, an invasive nematode and a community of native parasitoids ». NeoBiota 82 (9 février 2023) : 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.82.96599.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Parasitic nematodes and hymenopteran parasitoids have been introduced and used extensively to control invasive Eurasian Sirex noctilio woodwasps in pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere where no members of this community are native. Sirex noctilio has more recently invaded North America where Sirex-associated communities are native. Sirex noctilio and its parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, plus six native hymenopteran woodwasp parasitoids in New York and Pennsylvania, were sampled from 204 pines in 2011–2019. Sirex noctilio had become the most common woodwasp in this region and the native parasitoids associated with the native woodwasps had expanded their host ranges to use this invader. We investigated the distributions of these species among occupied trees and the interactions between S. noctilio and natural enemies as well as among the natural enemies. Sirex noctilio were strongly aggregated, with a few of the occupied trees hosting hundreds of woodwasps. Nematode parasitism was positively associated with S. noctilio density, and negatively associated with the density of rhyssine parasitoids. Parasitism by the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides was positively associated with host (S. noctilio) density, while parasitism by the rhyssine parasitoids was negatively associated with density of S. noctilio. Thus, most S. noctilio come from a few attacked trees in a forest, and S. noctilio from those high-density trees experienced high parasitism by both the invasive nematode and the most abundant native parasitoid, I. l. ensiger. There is little evidence for direct competition between the nematodes and parasitoids. The negative association occurring between rhyssine parasitoids and I. l. ensiger suggests rhyssines may suffer from competition with I. l. ensiger which parasitize the host at an earlier life stage. In addition to direct competition with the native woodwasp Sirex nigricornis for suitable larval habitat within weakened trees, the large S. noctilio population increases the parasitoid and nematode populations, which may increase parasitism of S. nigricornis.
2
Sallam, M. N., W. A. Overholt et E. Kairu. « Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in Kenya ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, no 2 (février 1999) : 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000279.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractCotesia flavipes Cameron, a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to the Indo-Australian region, was imported from Pakistan and released in Kenya in 1993 for management of the exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Recent reports confirmed the successful establishment of the parasitoid in three locations in Kenya and in northern Tanzania. Functional response studies on this parasitoid and an indigenous congener, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), indicated that C. flavipes had a higher searching ability and attacked more larvae when Chilo partellus was the host. When a native stemborer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, was the host, there was no significant difference between numbers attacked by both parasitoids. Numerical response studies showed that Cotesia flavipes produced more total progeny and female progeny per female parasitoid on Chilo partellus than did Cotesia sesamiae. No significant difference in progeny production was detected between the two parasitoids on S. calamistis. Functional and numerical responses tested in the laboratory gave the same ranking of the two parasitoids on the two hosts as in the field. This study suggests that Cotesia flavipes is a more efficient parasitoid and it is anticipated that it will contribute to the control of both exotic and native stemborers in Kenya.
3
Rot, Mojca, Lara Maistrello, Elena Costi, Iris Bernardinelli, Giorgio Malossini, Luca Benvenuto et Stanislav Trdan. « Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855] ; Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia ». Insects 12, no 6 (31 mai 2021) : 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060505.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), native to East Asia, has become a globally invasive pest, as a serious threat to agricultural production and a notorious nuisance pest in urban areas. Considerable efforts have been made so far to develop effective pest control measures to prevent crop damage. Biological control of this invasive stink bug by egg parasitoids has proven to be the most environmentally sustainable long-term solution. Knowledge of the native egg parasitoid fauna is of key importance when implementing a biological control program. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to detect egg parasitoid species associated with H. halys in the Goriška region (Western Slovenia) and to evaluate their impact on the pest population under field conditions. In the years 2019 and 2020, around 4600 H. halys eggs were collected in the wild and more than 3400 sentinel eggs were exposed to detect parasitoids in the field. Five egg-parasitoid species emerged from H. halys eggs: Anastatus bifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Telenomus sp., Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus mitsukurii (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), all of them are new records for Slovenia. The native species, An. bifasciatus, dominated in urban and suburban areas, while non-native Tr. mitsukurii prevailed in agricultural areas. Overall parasitism rates of naturally laid eggs by the parasitoid species complex in 2019 and 2020 was 3.0 and 14.4%, respectively. Rapid recruitment of native parasitoids, early detection of an effective alien parasitoid species and increasing overall parasitism rates are very encouraging results, which need to be followed and verified in future research.
4
Panzavolta, Tiziana, Francesco Croci, Matteo Bracalini, George Melika, Stefano Benedettelli, Guido Tellini Florenzano et Riziero Tiberi. « Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy ». Psyche : A Journal of Entomology 2018 (2018) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8078049.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Native parasitoids may play an important role in biological control. They may either support or hinder the effectiveness of introduced nonnative parasitoids released for pest control purposes. Results of a three-year survey (2011–2013) of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations and on parasitism rates by native indigenous parasitoids (a complex of chalcidoid hymenopterans) in Italian chestnut forests are given. Changes in D. kuriphilus gall size and phenology were observed through the three years of study. A total of 13 species of native parasitoids were recorded, accounting for fluctuating parasitism rates. This variability in parasitism rates over the three years was mainly due to the effect of Torymus flavipes (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), which in 2011 accounted for 75% of all parasitoid specimens yet decreased drastically in the following years. This strong fluctuation may be related to climatic conditions. Besides, our data verified that parasitoids do not choose host galls based on their size, though when they do parasitize smaller ones, they exploit them better. Consequently, ACGWs have higher chances of surviving parasitism if they are inside larger galls.
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Klug, T., R. Meyhöfer, M. Kreye et M. Hommes. « Native parasitoids and their potential to control the invasive leafminer,Cameraria ohridellaDESCH. & ; DIM. (Lep. : Gracillariidae) ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no 4 (25 février 2008) : 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn spite of the fact that since the end of the eighties, the horse chestnut leafminer,Cameraria ohridella, has established itself throughout Europe, native predators such as ants and birds are not attuned to this neozoic species. In contrast, several parasitic wasp species already started to exploit the invasive horse chestnut leafminer, but until now parasitation rates are quite low, mainly because of asynchrony in the lifecycles of parasitoids and host. Only the removal of leaf litter, in which pupae hibernate, is at the moment a strategy to reduce the infestation level in the next year. Unfortunately, not only hibernating horse chestnut leafminers but also parasitoids are removed, and important resources for biocontrol are unused. In the current study, we investigated the potential efficiency of the horse chestnut leafminer parasitoid complex extracted from leaf litter in defined environments. Parasitoids were released at different densities to investigate density dependence in parasitation rates.Although seven different species were released in our experiments, onlyPnigalio agraulesturned out to be responsible for biocontrol ofC. ohridella. We recorded parasitation rates of up to 35%. Overall, parasitation rates were independent of the leafminer density but increased fourfold if ten times more parasitoid individuals were released. Unfortunately, none of the parasitoid species could be established in the experimental units in the long run. Results are compared to other parasitoid-leafminer systems, and promotion of horse chestnut leafminer parasitoids to support natural selection and biological control of the horse chestnut leafminer is discussed.
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Mama Sambo, Sahadatou, Shepard Ndlela, Hannalene du Plessis, Francis Obala et Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed. « Identification, Microhabitat, and Ecological Niche Prediction of Two Promising Native Parasitoids of Tuta absoluta in Kenya ». Insects 13, no 6 (25 mai 2022) : 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060496.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Associations between the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and its native parasitoids need to be updated to increase the implementation of pest control strategies. In this study, T. absoluta-infested tomato plants were collected from three regions in Kenya. The emerged parasitoids were identified, and their abundance was correlated with agroecological parameters, viz. cropping systems, and the abundance of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). The study further conducted a habitat suitability prediction for the identified parasitoids. Two parasitoid species, Bracon nigricans (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Stenomesius sp. near japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) emerged from T. absoluta immature stages, with parasitism rates ranging from 0 to 21% and 0 to 17% respectively. Insecticide application and open field cropping negatively influenced the parasitism by S. sp. nr japonicus. Low occurrence of N. tenuis positively affected B. nigricans parasitism. The predicted occurrence of parasitoid species indicated vast suitable areas for B. nigricans in sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, and South America. Low suitability was observed for S. sp. nr japonicus in Africa. Therefore, native parasitoids, especially B. nigricans could be considered for implementation as a biocontrol agent in the Integrated Pest Management program of T. absoluta.
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Smith, S. M. « Insect parasitoids : a Canadian perspective on their use for biological control of forest insect pests ». Phytoprotection 74, no 1 (12 avril 2005) : 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706036ar.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An overview of biological control programs against forest insect pests is presented with emphasis on Canadian case histories. The work is examined in the context of conservation, introduction, and augmentation (environmental manipulation and inoculative and inundative release) of insect natural enemies, specifically parasitoids. Historically, studies have concentrated on introductions of exotic parasitoids for control of introduced pests where a number of successes have been recorded. More recent work has entailed inoculative and inundative releases of parasitoids against native pests in an attempt to establish new host-parasitoid relationships to reduce pest populations. These have had limited success and are still being explored by Canadian researchers. Current strategies for using natural enemies are inundative release of native species against native pests and conservation of native parasitoids through selective insecticide timing and forest manipulation. Future directions in biological control programs will include these approaches with increased emphasis on biotechnology and the genetic selection or manipulation of 'desired strains' for release. Continued ecological studies will be essential to ensure a more complete understanding of the interaction between these 'selected parasitoids' and the forest/tree parameters which will influence their success (tri-trophic interactions). These parameters, such as tree vigour (pest resistance), spatial distribution and diversity, will also be targeted for selection to improve the effect of insect natural enemies in the forest environment.
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Jara-Chiquito, Juan Luis, Richard R. Askew et Juli Pujade-Villar. « The invasive ACGW Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) in Spain : native parasitoid recruitment and association with oak gall inducers in Catalonia ». Forestry : An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no 1 (29 novembre 2019) : 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is an invasive pest that affects chestnut trees. The first record of this pest in Spain was in 2012, in Catalonia, and it is now distributed in virtually every chestnut growing area in the country. In this study, we present an overview of parasitoid recruitment by ACGW in Catalonia over a 4-year period (2013–2016) comparing parasitoid communities attacking galls on oak and chestnut trees at the same sites. A total of 22 species of native parasitoids that normally attack oak cynipids emerged from ACGW galls, together with the non-native Torymus sinensis. The most abundant species were Bootanomyia dorsalis, Torymus flavipes, Ormyrus pomaceus and Eupelmus urozonus. The study also found that 20 of the 22 native parasitoids in ACGW galls were also reared from galls of 13 species of oak gall inducer (12 Cynipidae, 1 Cecidomyiidae).
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Silva, G. S., S. M. Jahnke et N. F. Johnson. « Riparian forest fragments in rice fields under different management : differences on hymenopteran parasitoids diversity ». Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no 1 (février 2020) : 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.194760.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Hymenopteran parasitoids are important biological control agents in agroecosystems, and their diversity can be increased with habitat heterogeneity. Thus, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of distance of rice-growing areas from natural fragment, type of crop management (organic and conventional) and crop stages (vegetative and reproductive stages) on parasitoids family diversity. The work took place in two irrigated rice crops, one with organic management (O.M.) and another one with conventional management (C.M.), in the municipality of Nova Santa Rita, RS, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. The parasitoids were collected with Malaise trap arranged at different distances in relation to the native vegetation surrounding the rice crop in both places. Specimens were collected twice a month from seeding until the rice harvest. Average abundance between management, distances and rice development were compared. The most abundant families were Platygastridae, Mymaridae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae and Trichogrammatidae. Parasitoid average abundance was significantly higher on OM only in the second season. There was a negative correlation between distance from native vegetation and parasitoid abundance in C.M. areas. There were differences in the composition of the parasitoid assembly between the phenological stages of rice.
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Foelker, Christopher J., Christopher R. Standley, Dylan Parry et Melissa K. Fierke. « Complex ecological relationships among an assemblage of indigenous hymenopteran parasitoids, the exotic European woodwasp (Sirex noctilio ; Hymenoptera : Siricidae), and a native congener ». Canadian Entomologist 148, no 5 (11 mars 2016) : 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractWe collected naturally infested Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae) and P. sylvestris Linnaeus to investigate phenological patterns and quantify parasitism by a suite of native hymenopteran parasitoids on two woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): the invading non-native European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, and a co-colonising native, S. nigricornis Fabricius. We sampled a total of 76 trees from two field sites in 2010 and seven sites in 2011. In raw abundance, S. noctilio outnumbered S. nigricornis by 2:1 in 2010 and by 7.5:1 in 2011. We collected the egg/early instar parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae); four species of Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) late larval parasitoids; and Pseudorhyssa nigricornis (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a cleptoparasitoid of rhyssines. Variation in siricid and parasitoid species assemblage and abundance was explained primarily by site, with tree-level factors playing a secondary role. Parasitism was significantly lower in P. sylvestris (13.6%±4.1 SE), a naturalised pine from Europe, than in the native P. resinosa (28.5%±5.0). Total parasitism was 27.6%±5.0 in 2010 and 20.9%±4.7 in 2011. This study represents the most robust analysis of the diverse woodwasp and parasitoid assemblage infesting pines in North America.
Thèses sur le sujet "Native parasitoids"
1
Francati, Santolo <1979>. « New associations between native parasitoids and exotic insects introduced in Italy and in Europe ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5706/1/Francati_Santolo_Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The introduction of exotic species is one of the most important threats to biodiversity.This phenomenon may cause economic and environmental damage. To prevent these invasions there are institutions like EPPO. Nevertheless, the introduction of exotic pests is an increasing issue, difficult to control. Classic biological control, based on importation of natural enemies from the country of origin, has been successfully used for over 120 years, but it has also raised some criticism. My research work has focused on the study of the new associations occurring between indigenous parasitoids and three exotic pests introduced in Italy and Europe. The three target insects considered were: Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a pest of Geranium plants; Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a plague of Castanea sp. and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). This ladybug has been introduced as a biological control agent, but since some years it considered as an invasive species. For C. marshalli I performed laboratory tests on acceptance and suitability of immature stages of this butterfly by Exorista larvarum (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidicae). The experiments showed that these two parasitoids could be used to contain this pest. For D. kuriphilus I performed field samplings in an infested chestnut area, the samples were maintained in rearing chamber until gall wasp or parasitoids emergence. In the 3-year research many parasitoids of gall wasps were found; one of these, Torymus flavipes (Walker), was found in large number. For H. axyridis the research work included a first phase of field sampling, during which I searched indigenous parasitoids which had adapted to this new host; the only species found was Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Laboratory tests were performed on the wasp rearing, biology and capacity to contain H. axyridis.L'introduzione di specie esotiche è una delle minacce più importanti per la biodiversità, tale fenomeno può causare danni economici e ambientali. Anche per controllare queste introduzioni sono state create apposite istituzioni come EPPO. Tuttavia, l'introduzione di insetti esotici nocivi è un problema crescente, difficile da contrastare. Il controllo biologico classico, basato sull’introduzione dei nemici naturali dal paese di origine, è stato utilizzato con successo per oltre 120 anni, ma ha anche sollevato alcune critiche. Il mio lavoro di ricerca è stato incentrato sullo studio delle nuove associazioni tra parassitoidi indigeni e tre insetti esotici introdotti in Italia e in Europa. I tre insetti studiati sono stati: Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), nocivo per le piante di Geranium; Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), dannoso al castagno e Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), coccinellide introdotto come agente di controllo biologico, ma da alcuni anni considerato come invasivo. Per C. marshalli sono stati effettuati degli esperimenti di laboratorio sulla accettabilità e l’idoneità di questo lepidottero da parte dei parassitoidi Exorista larvarum (Diptera: Tachinidae) e Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Gli esperimenti hanno dimostrato come questi due parassitoidi possano essere impiegati per il contenimento di questa specie. Per D. kuriphilus sono stati effettuati dei campionamenti in un castagneto infestato, i campioni sono stati mantenuti in celle climatizzate fino allo sfarfallamento del galligeno o dei parassitoidi. In tre anni di ricerca sono stati ritrovati molti parassitoidi, uno dei quali, Torymus flavipes (Walker), è stato rinvenuto in elevato numero. Per H. axyridis le ricerche prevedevano una fase di campo, per ricercare eventuali parassitoidi adattatisi a questo nuovo ospite; l’unica specie ritrovata è stata Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Con questa specie sono stati effettuati test per comprendere la sua biologia e la sua capacità di contenimento di H. axyridis, oltre che per migliorare le tecniche di allevamento.
2
Francati, Santolo <1979>. « New associations between native parasitoids and exotic insects introduced in Italy and in Europe ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5706/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The introduction of exotic species is one of the most important threats to biodiversity.This phenomenon may cause economic and environmental damage. To prevent these invasions there are institutions like EPPO. Nevertheless, the introduction of exotic pests is an increasing issue, difficult to control. Classic biological control, based on importation of natural enemies from the country of origin, has been successfully used for over 120 years, but it has also raised some criticism. My research work has focused on the study of the new associations occurring between indigenous parasitoids and three exotic pests introduced in Italy and Europe. The three target insects considered were: Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a pest of Geranium plants; Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), a plague of Castanea sp. and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). This ladybug has been introduced as a biological control agent, but since some years it considered as an invasive species. For C. marshalli I performed laboratory tests on acceptance and suitability of immature stages of this butterfly by Exorista larvarum (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidicae). The experiments showed that these two parasitoids could be used to contain this pest. For D. kuriphilus I performed field samplings in an infested chestnut area, the samples were maintained in rearing chamber until gall wasp or parasitoids emergence. In the 3-year research many parasitoids of gall wasps were found; one of these, Torymus flavipes (Walker), was found in large number. For H. axyridis the research work included a first phase of field sampling, during which I searched indigenous parasitoids which had adapted to this new host; the only species found was Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Laboratory tests were performed on the wasp rearing, biology and capacity to contain H. axyridis.L'introduzione di specie esotiche è una delle minacce più importanti per la biodiversità, tale fenomeno può causare danni economici e ambientali. Anche per controllare queste introduzioni sono state create apposite istituzioni come EPPO. Tuttavia, l'introduzione di insetti esotici nocivi è un problema crescente, difficile da contrastare. Il controllo biologico classico, basato sull’introduzione dei nemici naturali dal paese di origine, è stato utilizzato con successo per oltre 120 anni, ma ha anche sollevato alcune critiche. Il mio lavoro di ricerca è stato incentrato sullo studio delle nuove associazioni tra parassitoidi indigeni e tre insetti esotici introdotti in Italia e in Europa. I tre insetti studiati sono stati: Cacyreus marshalli Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), nocivo per le piante di Geranium; Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), dannoso al castagno e Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), coccinellide introdotto come agente di controllo biologico, ma da alcuni anni considerato come invasivo. Per C. marshalli sono stati effettuati degli esperimenti di laboratorio sulla accettabilità e l’idoneità di questo lepidottero da parte dei parassitoidi Exorista larvarum (Diptera: Tachinidae) e Brachymeria tibialis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Gli esperimenti hanno dimostrato come questi due parassitoidi possano essere impiegati per il contenimento di questa specie. Per D. kuriphilus sono stati effettuati dei campionamenti in un castagneto infestato, i campioni sono stati mantenuti in celle climatizzate fino allo sfarfallamento del galligeno o dei parassitoidi. In tre anni di ricerca sono stati ritrovati molti parassitoidi, uno dei quali, Torymus flavipes (Walker), è stato rinvenuto in elevato numero. Per H. axyridis le ricerche prevedevano una fase di campo, per ricercare eventuali parassitoidi adattatisi a questo nuovo ospite; l’unica specie ritrovata è stata Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Con questa specie sono stati effettuati test per comprendere la sua biologia e la sua capacità di contenimento di H. axyridis, oltre che per migliorare le tecniche di allevamento.
3
Salas, Andrea. « Effects of Host-plant Density on Herbivores and Their Parasitoids : A Field Experiment with a Native Perennial Legume ». FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2583.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Senna mexicana chapmanii (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae), an attractive and threatened species native to pine rocklands of southern Florida, is consumed by folivorous caterpillars of Sulfur butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Caterpillars may be deterred or eaten by predators, but also very important are parasitoids, both flies and wasps. This study investigated the effects of plant density on Sulfur caterpillar numbers and rates of parasitization.
Senna mexicana chapmanii plantations were established at agricultural and urban areas; both sites are adjacent to protected pine rockland areas. Sulfur butterfly immature stages were collected and reared to glean information regarding number of herbivores and rates of parasitization. Continuing this weekly monitoring protocol over the course of a year provided data to determine that higher plant density has an effect on levels of parisitization and is correlated with the number of herbivores. Elucidating these patterns has important implications understanding the factors that regulate interactions in this plant/herbivore/parasitoid system.
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Girardoz, Sandrine Barbara Manon. « Mortality factors affecting the invasive moth Cameraria ohridella (Lep. Gracillariidae) and factors limiting the impact of native parasitoids ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429515.
Texte intégral
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Stahl, Judith [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmeister, Eric [Gutachter] Conti et Tracy [Gutachter] Leskey. « Benefits and risks of using native parasitoids for augmentative biological control of the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys in Europe / Judith Stahl ; Gutachter : Eric Conti, Tracy Leskey ; Betreuer : Thomas Hoffmeister ». Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176103547/34.
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Souza, Ricardo Boldo de. « Efeito do fruto hospedeiro na biologia de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830)(Diptera : Tephritidae) e no parasitismo de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)(Hymenoptera : Braconidae) ». Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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The objective of this study was to evaluate, under controlled conditions, the biological parameters of Anastrepha fraterculus in fruits of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.), cherry of rio grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.) And apple (Malus domestica) Gala variety and parameters morphological, biological and parasitism capacity D. longicaudata in larvae of A. fraterculus in fruits of C. xanthocarpa (Berg.), guava (Feijoa sellowiana Berg.), strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), Apple ( Malus domestica) Gala variety and peach (Prunus persica cv. Chimarrita). Before starting the experiment, green fruit C. xanthocarpa and the cherry of rio grande, were protected with TNT fabric bags to prevent oviposition of native flies. For apples were used without fruit of insecticides, kept in cold storage. The fruit maturation period were collected 200, 200 and 100 fruits of, C. xanthocarpa, cherry of rio grande and apple and placed in cages to infestation by A. fraterculus. Then these fruits were weighed individually stored in plastic pots with vermiculite, covered with fabric type voile and maintained in a room at 25 ± 1 C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours photophase. The obtained pupae were weighed and isolated until the emergence of adults. After emergence, 25 couples each host were separated, and these individual cage formed by transparent plastic cup of 250 ml, whose top was covered with tissue type voile. At the top of each cage was placed a “oviposition panel” 7 cm in diameter made from rubberized fabric type voile with black silicone containing distilled water inside for obtaining eggs. For tests with D. longicaudata, fruits were protected with fabric bags TNT, picked in their respective ripening periods and taken to the laboratory to be infested by A. fraterculus. For C. xanthocarpa and strawberry guava they were infested 20 fruits of each species by repetition, totaling six repetitions. For the guava were held six repetitions with ten fruits in apple four replications with 20 fruits and peach were six replicates of ten fruits each. After eight to ten days the fruits were exposed to parasitoids in individual cages containing two couples of D. longicaudata per fruit. After this period the fruits were weighed individually stored in cups containing vermiculite, covered with fabric like voile and maintained in a room at 25 ± 1 C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours photophase. The obtained pupae were placed in separate culture plates and subject to emergency flies or parasitoids. After emergence, it was found the size and parasitoid development time and the sex ratio. The percentage of parasitism was calculated by formula: N°. parasitoids / (N° of parasitoids + N°. flies) x 100. In the experiment on the biology of A. fraterculus larvae that developed in apple had the longest period of egg-larva (18.37 days) and egg-adult period (34.74 days). To adult stage, it was observed that the insects created in the cherry of rio grande and apple showed higher oviposition period, since the insects coming from C. xanthocarpa posted the largest daily fertility, with a rate of oviposition 20.70 eggs per day. Thus we can conclude that A. fraterculus completed all its stages in the evaluated fruits, occurring a delay in larval development in apples as a result of low nutritional value of this fruit as A.fraterculus host. Parasitoids in the percentage of parasitism in C. xanthocarpa, guava, strawberry guava, apple and peach was 88.34%; 87.63%; 69.66%, 71.05% and 34.25% respectively, confirming the good performance of the parasitoid that even though under laboratory conditions females of D. longicaudata inexperienced with fruit, were able to locate and parasitize fly larvae -the fruit. The size of the parasitoids was higher in A. fraterculus larvae that developed in C. xanthocarpa and peach. The parasitoids coming from C. xanthocarpa larvae showed the lowest development time for males (17.96 days) and females (20.94 days). Have low sex ratio, found in D. longicaudata female, coming from larvae of A. fraterculus that developed in guava and strawberry guava, may have association with the high percentage of unviable pupae, obtained in these hosts
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em condições controladas, os parâmetros biológicos de Anastrepha fraterculus em frutos de Cereja do rio grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.), Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg.) e Maçã (Malus domestica variedade Gala), a capacidade de parasitismo, os parâmetros biológicos e morfológicos de D. longicaudata em larvas de A. fraterculus em frutos de guabiroba (C. xanthocarpa Berg.), araçá-vermelho (Psidium cattleianum), goiaba-serrana (Feijoa sellowiana Berg.), pêssego (Prunus persica cv. Chimarrita) e Maçã (Malus domestica variedade Gala). Antes do início do experimento, os frutos verdes de guabiroba e cereja do rio grande, foram protegidos com sacos de tecido TNT para evitar a oviposição de moscas nativas. Para as maçãs foram utilizados frutos sem resíduo de inseticidas, mantidos em câmara fria. Na época de maturação dos frutos foram coletados 200, 200 e 100 frutos, de guabiroba, cereja do rio grande e maçã e acondicionados em gaiolas para infestação por A. fraterculus. Em seguida esses frutos foram pesados, armazenados individualmente em potes plásticos com vermiculita, cobertos com tecido tipo voile e mantidos em sala climatizada a 25±1 C, 70±10% de UR e 14 horas de fotofase. As pupas obtidas foram pesadas e individualizadas até a emergência dos adultos. Após a emergência, foram separados 25 casais de cada hospedeiro, sendo esses individualizados em gaiola formada por copo plástico transparente de 250 mL, cuja parte superior foi coberta com tecido tipo voile. Na parte superior de cada gaiola foi colocado um “painel de oviposição” de 7 cm de diâmetro confeccionado com tecido tipo voile emborrachado com silicone preto contendo água destilada em seu interior para a obtenção de ovos. Para os testes com D. longicaudata os frutos foram protegidos com sacos de tecido TNT, colhidos nas suas respectivas épocas de maturação e levados para o laboratório para serem infestados por A. fraterculus. Para a guabiroba e araçá-vermelho foram infestados 20 frutos de cada espécie por repetição, totalizando seis repetições. Para a goiaba-serrana foram realizadas seis repetições com dez frutos, em maçã quatro repetições com 20 frutos e para o pêssego foram seis repetições com dez frutos cada. Após oito a dez dias os frutos foram expostos aos parasitoides em gaiolas individualizadas contendo dois casais de D. longicaudata por fruto. Após esse período os frutos foram armazenados individualmente em copos, contendo vermiculita, cobertos com tecido tipo voile e mantidos em sala climatizada a 25±1 C, 70±10% de UR e 14 horas de fotofase. As pupas obtidas foram individualizadas em placas de cultura e observadas até a emergência de moscas ou parasitoides. Após a emergência, era verificado o tamanho e o tempo de desenvolvimento do parasitoide e a razão sexual. A porcentagem de parasitismo foi calculada pela formula: n° de parasitoides / (n° de parasitoides + n° de moscas) x 100. No experimento sobre a biologia de A. fraterculus, as larvas que se desenvolveram na maçã apresentaram o maior período de ovolarva (18,37 dias) e período de ovo-adulto (34,74 dias). Para a fase adulta, foi observado que os insetos que criados em cereja do rio grande e maçã apresentaram maior período de oviposição, já os insetos oriundos da guabiroba apresentaram a maior fecundidade diária, com um ritmo de oviposição de 20,70 ovos por dia. Desta forma podemos concluir que A. fraterculus completou todas as suas fases nos frutos avaliados, ocorrendo um atraso no desenvolvimento larval em maçãs, resultado da baixa qualidade nutricional desse fruto como hospedeiro de A. fraterculus. Nos parasitoides a porcentagem de parasitismo em guabiroba, araçá-vermelho, goiaba-serrana, maçã e pêssego foi de 88,34%; 87,63%; 69,66%, 71,05% e 34,25% respectivamente, constatando a ótima performance do parasitoide que mesmo sendo em condições de laboratório as fêmeas de D. longicaudata sem experiência prévia com frutos, foram capazes de localizar e parasitar as larvas de mosca-dasfrutas. O tamanho dos parasitoides foi maior em larvas de A. fraterculus que se desenvolveram em guabiroba e pêssego. Os parasitoides oriundos de larvas da guabiroba apresentaram o menor tempo de desenvolvimento para machos (17,96 dias) e fêmeas (20,94 dias). Já a baixa razão sexual, encontrada em fêmeas de D. longicaudata, oriundas de larvas de A. fraterculus que se desenvolveram no araçá-vermelho e na goiaba-serrana, pode ter associação com a alta porcentagem de pupas inviáveis, obtida nesses hospedeiros
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Geraldo, Mariana. « Larvas de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e seus parasitoides em sub-bosque nativo na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2046.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-10Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids were surveyed in a understory at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. Larvae were colected among April 2009 to April 2010, with an entomological umbrella in 18 native species plants. It obtained 863 larvae including 46 species and 24 genera belong to majority the Ennominae. The Larentiinae and Sterrhinae subfamilies were also represented for Eois and Cyclophora, respectively. The Ennominae genus obtained were: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina and Trotopera. Macaria rigidata was the more abundant species which represented 31%. It recorded 174 parasitized larvae from which 337 parasitoids emerged. They are distributed among Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) and Diptera, with Hymenoptera predominance. The obtained parasitoids were: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) and Tachinidae (Diptera). It recorded new parasitoids species of the genus: Diradops, Jomine and Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Geometridae larvae were present throughout the collection period and had increased occurrence at the end of rainy season.
Foi realizado um levantamento de larvas de Geometridae e de seus parasitoides em um subbosque localizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. As larvas foram coletadas, no período de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010, por meio de guarda-chuva entomológico em 18 espécies de plantas nativas. Foram coletadas 863 larvas incluindo 46 espécies e 24 gêneros pertencentes na maioria aos Ennominae. As subfamílias Larentiinae e Sterrhinae foram também representadas, respectivamente com os gêneros Eois e Cyclophora. Os gêneros de Ennominae obtidos foram: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina e Trotopera. A espécie mais abundante foi Macaria rigidata que representou 31%. Foram registradas 174 larvas parasitadas das quais emergiram 337 parasitoides distribuídos em Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) e Diptera, com a predominância de Hymenoptera. Os parasitoides obtidos foram: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) e Tachinidae (Diptera). Foram registradas novas espécies de parasitoides dos gêneros: Diradops, Jomine e Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). As larvas de Geometridae estiveram presentes em todo o período de coleta e apresentaram maior ocorrência no final do período chuvoso.
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Simmons, Gregory Sinclair. « Studies on dispersal of a native parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus and augmentative biological control of Bemisia tabaci infesting cotton ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284117.
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In the mid-1980s, a new biotype of Bemisia tabaci was introduced into the southern U.S. causing extensive damage to agricultural crops throughout the region. An augmentative biological control project was initiated using a native parasitoid, Eretmocerus eremicus to determine its efficacy against B. tabaci infesting cotton in the desert areas of California and Arizona. A series of experiments were conducted in 1992-1995: release rate studies in cages and open fields; parasitoid dispersal within fields to determine movement rates after point release; and experiments to determine the parasitoid-host spatial relationship. Cage release rate studies, demonstrated that rates of parasitism could be increased 61 to 79% in the highest release treatments, with reductions in whitefly densities of 80 to 100% relative to control treatments. Cotton yields in the high release treatments peaked at 2.5 bales/ac and were 2.6 to 4.2 times greater than in control treatments. Effective release rates were estimated to be equivalent to 770,000 to 1.1 million parasitoids/ha. Field releases equivalent to 7.9 million parasitoids/ha resulted in a peak rate of parasitism of 42% but there were no statistical differences in parasitism, whitefly densities, or cotton yield; relative to no-release plots. High levels of whitefly immigration from surrounding crops, and parasitoid dispersal from release plots, diluted the effects of release. In a second field release rate study, releases equivalent to 2.0 to 3.0 million parasitoids/ha increased levels of the percentage of discovered leaves to greater than 80%. Parasitoid dispersal was analyzed with mark-recapture experiments and data were fit to a diffusion model. One female wasp flew 82 m in one day though the majority of wasps flew a few meters or less. Estimated diffusion rates and median dispersal distances were 0.40 to 0.71 m²/min and 2.4 to 4.4 m/(4 to 8) days respectively. Analysis of dispersal data suggested that releases on 20 m centers would provide effective coverage within a field. Density independent parasitism was common at the spatial scale of leaves and plants. There was positive density dependence for the percentage of discovered leaves suggesting that parasitoids aggregate to high density patches of whitefly but fail to achieve high levels of parasitization possibly due to egg limitation or mutual interference.
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Leobold, Matthieu. « Démonstration fonctionnelle de la nature virale des particules sans ADN de la guêpe parasitoïde venturia canescens ». Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4017.
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Chez la guêpe parasitoïde Venturia canescens, des particules virales dépourvues d'ADN appelées VLP (pour "Virus-like Particules") sont produites spécifiquement dans les ovaires et tapissent le chorion des oeufs qui sont injectés dans la chenille hôte. Les VLP ont une fonction immunosuppressive pour l'hôte parasité et permettent ainsi la survie des oeufs du parasitoïde. Ces VLP résultent de l’intégration d’un nudivirus dans le génome de l’ancêtre de la guêpe, nudivirus qui a été ensuite domestiqué pour former des liposomes viraux capables de véhiculer dans l’hôte des protéines de virulence d'origine cellulaire. L’étude réalisée au cours de cette thèse a eu pour objet, d’une part, d'étudier les mécanismes de domestication virale qui ont conduit au virus symbiotique endogène actuel nommé VcENV (pour V. canescens endogenous nudivirus) et d’autre part, d'apporter des éléments de réponse sur le processus de morphogénèse et le mode d'action parasitaire des VLPViral particles devoid of DNA called VLPs (for Virus-Like Particles) are specifically produced in the ovaries of the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens and line the chorion of the wasp’s eggs injected into the host caterpillar. VLPs are immunosuppressive and allow parasitoid eggs survival. These VLPs result from the integration of a nudivirus into the wasp ancestor genome, nudivirus which was then domesticated to form viral liposomes capable of carrying, into the host, virulence proteins of cellular origin. The aim of the study carried out during this thesis was, first, to analyze the viral domestication mechanisms that led to the current endogenous symbiotic virus called VcENV (for V. canescens endogenous nudivirus) and secondly to provide some answers on VLPs morphogenesis process and parasitic mode of action
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Pirovani, Victor Dias. « Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera : Tephritidae) : diversidade, hospedeiros e parasitóides em áreas nativa e cultivadas na região de Viçosa ; Minas Gerais, Brasil ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3929.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-21Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study shows the diversity of species of tephritid flies, their parasitoids and hosts in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, located in the Zona da Mata Mineira. McPhail traps containing hydrolyzed protein, were installed in orchards with diverse species of fruit trees and a nature reserve, the Atlantic forest, forest known as the Mata do Paraíso. In addition, collections were made periodically cultivated and wild fruits in the region. Were obtained in 21 species of tephritid collections: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, A. barbiellinii Lima, A. bezzii Lima, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. furcata Lima, A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. manihoti Lima, A. minensis Lima, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. pickeli Lima, A. serpentina (Wied.) and A. sororcula Zucchi, and two new species of Anastrepha. Deposited at the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) found five species of tephritid A. connexa Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. kuhlmanni Lima, A. turpiniae Stone and A. xanthochaeta Hendel. 39 species of wild and 22 cultivated plant families sampled, we obtained C. capitata, A. bezzii, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. obliqua and A. sororcula. Parasitoids were also collected: Braconidae - Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) Figitidae - Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) and Pteromalidae - Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp. and Pteromalidae sp.3. A taxonomic key for identification of species collected in Viçosa region is presented. An analysis for the fauna of Tephritidae species collected in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Assessing the population dynamics of three species was also performed, taking into account the influence of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall in addition to the dominance of these survey sites. Through this study added 19 species of fruit flies in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, bringing to 32 species of tephritid in Minas Gerais. Anastrepha barbiellinii, A. connexa, A. consobrina, A. furcata, A. kuhlmanni, A. leptozona and A. xanthochaeta were found first for the state and two new species of Anastrepha findings. Anastrepha fraterculus was the most frequent species in the samples of infected hosts and first observed occurrence in Lauraceae, Solanaceae Siparunaceae and in Brazil. The association of A. obliqua with tangerine and Ponkan cambucá and A. fraterculus with sweet cherry and passion fruit was also first observed through this study. The four species of parasitoids the Pteromalidae family, Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp and a fourth species of Pteromalidae not yet identified, are new records for the state, passing 12 species of parasitoids of fruit flies in Minas Gerais. The population fluctuation of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata in the region of Viçosa was influenced by temperature. Anastrepha minensis population fluctuation was influenced by temperature and precipitation. Fruticultura/Campus and Fruticultura/Fundão were more similar environments for the presence and absence of species of fruit flies (43%) while the small farm the environment was less similarity in terms of presence and absence of species (31 %).
Este estudo apresenta a diversidade de espécies de tefritídeos, seus parasitóides e hospedeiros na região de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, localizada na Zona da Mata Mineira. Armadilhas do tipo McPhail, contendo proteína hidrolisada, foram instaladas em pomares com espécies diversificadas de fruteiras e em uma reserva natural, remanescente da Mata Atlântica, conhecida como Mata do Córrego do Paraíso. Além disso, foram feitas coletas periódicas de frutos cultivados e silvestres na região. Foram obtidas 21 espécies de tefritídeos nas coletas: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, A. barbiellinii Lima, A. bezzii Lima, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. furcata Lima, A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. manihoti Lima, A. minensis Lima, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. pickeli Lima, A. serpentina (Wied.) e A. sororcula Zucchi, além de duas novas espécies de Anastrepha. Depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) foram encontradas cinco espécies de tefritídeos: A. connexa Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. kuhlmanni Lima, A. turpiniae Stone e A. xanthochaeta Hendel. Das 39 espécies silvestres e cultivadas de 22 famílias botânicas amostradas, obtiveram-se C. capitata, A. bezzii, A. fraterculus, A. grandis, A. obliqua e A. sororcula. Foram coletados também os parasitóides: Braconidae - Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck); Figitidae - Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes); e Pteromalidae - Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp. e Pteromalidae sp.3. Uma chave taxonômica para a identificação das espécies coletadas na região de Viçosa é apresentada. Foi realizada uma análise faunística para as espécies de Tephritidae coletados na região de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A avaliação da flutuação populacional de três espécies também foi realizada, levando em conta a influência da temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica, além da dominância destas para as áreas amostradas. Através deste estudo foram acrescentadas 19 espécies de moscas-das-frutas em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, elevando assim para 32 espécies de tefritídeos em Minas Gerais. Anastrepha barbiellinii, A. connexa, A. consobrina, A. furcata, A. kuhlmanni, A. leptozona e A. xanthochaeta foram constatadas pela primeira vez para o estado e duas espécies novas de Anastrepha descobertas. Anastrepha fraterculus foi a espécie mais frequente nas amostras de hospedeiros infestados e observada pela primeira vez a sua ocorrência em Lauraceae, Siparunaceae e Solanaceae no Brasil. A associação de A. obliqua com tangerina Ponkan e cambucá e de A. fraterculus com acerola e maracujá-doce também foi observada pela primeira vez por meio deste estudo. As quatro espécies de parasitóides da família Pteromalidae, Sycophila sp.1, Sycophila sp.2, Torymus sp e uma quarta espécie de Pteromalidae ainda não identificada, são novas ocorrências para o estado, passando para 12 espécies de parasitóides de moscas-das- frutas em Minas Gerais. A flutuação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus e Ceratitis capitata na região de Viçosa foi influenciada pela temperatura. Anastrepha minensis teve a flutuação populacional influenciada pela temperatura e precipitação. Fruticultura/Campus e Fruticultura/Fundão foram os ambientes mais similares quanto à presença e ausência de espécies de moscas-das- frutas (43%) enquanto o Sítio foi o ambiente com menor similaridade quanto à presença e ausência de espécies (31%).
Livres sur le sujet "Native parasitoids"
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1951-, Wäckers F. L., Rijn, P. C. J. van 1958- et Bruin J, dir. Plant-provided food for carnivorous insects : A protective mutualism and its applications. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Blanche, Rosalind. Life in a Gall. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106444.
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What are plant galls and how are they caused? This book introduces the Australian native insects that induce galls on plants and the plant species that host them. It explores the ways the insects have adapted to living part of their lives in the confined spaces of galls, and describes the strategies employed by different insect groups to find a suitable site to induce a gall, obtain food, mate and escape the gall.
Life in a Gall also looks at the predators, parasitoids, inquilines, kleptoparasites and micro-organisms that prey on gall-inducing insects and the ways the insects defend themselves from these enemies. It covers the problems gall-inducing insects can cause for agriculture, forestry and horticulture, and gives examples of several pest species. On the positive side, the book describes the essential services gall-inducing insects provide by pollinating figs, controlling invasive weeds and contributing to indigenous food.
The final chapter provides tips for people who want to collect and study galls, and shows that answering many of the questions still surrounding gall-inducing insects is not restricted to professional scientists but can be achieved by diligent amateurs too.
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Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Bruin, J., F. L. Wäckers et P. C. J. van Rijn. Plant-provided Food for Carnivorous Insects : A Protective Mutualism and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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(Editor), F. L. Wäckers, P. C. J. van Rijn (Editor) et J. Bruin (Editor), dir. Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects : A Protective Mutualism and its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Bruin, J., F. L. Wäckers et P. C. J. van Rijn. Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects : A Protective Mutualism and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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Bruin, J., F. L. Wäckers et P. C. J. van Rijn. Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects : A Protective Mutualism and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Native parasitoids"
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Ekesi, Sunday, Samira A. Mohamed et Marc De Meyer. « Photographs of Some Native and Exotic Fruit Fly Species in Africa and Their Parasitoids ». Dans Fruit Fly Research and Development in Africa - Towards a Sustainable Management Strategy to Improve Horticulture, 475–94. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43226-7_21.
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Davis, Shaun, et Todd Schlenke. « Behavioral defenses against parasitoids : Genetic and neuronal mechanisms ». Dans Animal Behavior and Parasitism, 271–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895561.003.0016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The main biotic threats organisms face in nature are competition, predation, and parasitism. Behavioral responses are an evident way that organisms can outcompete rivals and avoid predation, but it can be hard to imagine how behaviors limit parasitism given that parasites are usually small and live inside their hosts. However, many new discoveries have shown that hosts use behavioral defenses to prevent themselves or their offspring from becoming parasitized, or to cure themselves once infected. These include many examples of host behaviors deployed against parasitoids, which are ubiquitous and important threats to insects. This chapter reviewed the diversity of host behaviors that protect against parasitoid infection. Then, focusing on the fruit fly genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, it covers parasite cues and the sensory systems hosts use to perceive parasitoids, and examines the neuronal processing events that occur deeper in the host central brain, including the roles of learning and memory. Finally, it discusses how the brain controls behavioral output leading to successful defense against parasitoid infection. Understanding how hosts recognize and respond to parasitoids can inform future studies into the ecological parameters responsible for host–parasitoid community structure. As is true of other kinds of behaviors, large gaps still exist in our mechanistic understanding of defense behaviors.
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Myers, Judith H. « Predicting the Outcome of Biological Control ». Dans Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0035.
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The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. The natural biodiversity of native communities is threatened by new invasive species, and many of the most serious insect and weed pests are exotics. Classical biological control is one approach to dealing with nonindigenous species. If introduced species that lack natural enemies are competitively superior in exotic habitats, introducing some of their predators (herbivores), diseases, or parasitoids may reduce their population densities. Thus, the introduction of more exotic species may be necessary to reduce the competitive superiority of nonindigenous pests. The intentional introduction of insects as biological control agents provides an experimental arena in which adaptations and interactions among species may be tested. We can use biological control programs to explore such evolutionary questions as: What characteristics make a natural enemy a successful biological control agent? Does coevolution of herbivores and hosts or predators (parasitoids) and prey result in few species of natural enemies having the potential to be successful biological control agents? Do introduced natural enemies make unexpected host range shifts in new environments? Do exotic species lose their defense against specialized natural enemies after living for many generations without them? If coevolution is a common force in nature, we expect biological control interactions to demonstrate a dynamic interplay between hosts and their natural enemies. In this chapter, I consider biological control introductions to be experiments that might yield evidence on how adaptation molds the interactions between species and their natural enemies. I argue that the best biological control agents will be those to which the target hosts have not evolved resistance. Classical biological control is the movement of natural enemies from a native habitat to an exotic habitat where their host has become a pest. This approach to exotic pests has been practiced since the late 1800s, when Albert Koebele explored the native habitat of the cottony cushion scale, Icrya purchasi, in Australia and introduced Vadalia cardinalis beetles (see below) to control the cottony cushion scale on citrus in California. This control has continued to be a success.
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A. Dar, Showket, Mohmmad Javed Ansari, Yahya Al Naggar, Shafia Hassan, Syed Nighat, Syed Burjes Zehra, Rizwan Rashid, Mudasir Hassan et Barkat Hussain. « Causes and Reasons of Insect Decline and the Way Forward ». Dans Global Decline of Insects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98786.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There are lot of reasons and causes of insect decline. The main causes of insect decline is attributed to habitat destruction, land use changes, deforestation, intensive agriculture, urbanization, pollution, climate change, introduction of invasive insect species, application of pesticides, mass trapping of insects using pheromones and light traps, pathological problems on various insects, and introduction of exotic honey bees in new areas that compete with the native bees for resource portioning and other management techniques for pest management, and even not leaving any pest residue for predators and parasitoids for their survival. The use of chemical insecticides against target or non-target organisms is major cause for insect decline. The diseases and decline of the important pollinators is still a mistry for colony collapse disorder. To overcome the cause of insect decline, various conservation techniques to be adopted and augmentation of artificial nesting and feeding structures, use of green pesticides, maintaining the proper pest defender ratio (P:D), policies and reaching to political audience at global level and other factors already discussed in the chapter may be helpful for mitigating the insect decline and especially for the pollinators, a key insect for life.
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MONTANHA, Gisele de Oliveira, Mayra Araguaia Pereira FIGUEIREDO et Wilson Gómez MANRIQUE. « HELMINTOS DE PEIXES NATIVOS CAPTURADOS NOS RIOS MANOEL CORREIA E CAIO ESPÍNOLA NA ALDEIA INDÍGENA APEROI, SERINGUEIRAS – RONDÔNIA ». Dans PARASITOS DE ANIMAIS DA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL DO BRASIL. RFB Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46898/rfb.9786558891888.9.
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Azevedo, Francisco Roberto de, Elton Lucio de Araújo, Itamizaele da Silva Santos, Nayara Barbosa da Cruz Moreno, Maria Leidiane Lima Pereira, Raul Azevedo et Antônio Carlos Leite Alves. « SPONDIAS SPP. COMO REPOSITÓRIOS NATURAIS DE PARASITOIDES NATIVOS DE MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS NO CARIRI CEARENSE ». Dans Sistemas de Produção nas Ciências Agrárias 2, 153–263. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.12021030222.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Native parasitoids"
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Konopka, Joanna K. « Competitive interactions of native and exotic parasitoids onHalyomorpha halyshost eggs ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94888.
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Costi, Elena. « A survey of native parasitoids ofHalyomorpha halysin Northern Italy and Switzerland ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95318.
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Herlihy, Megan V. « Habitat specialization of exotic and native parasitoids : Complexity in biocontrol of a polyphagous, mobile host ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95319.
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Salas, Andrea. « Effects of host-plant density on herbivores and their parasitoids : A field experiment with a native perennial legume ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108384.
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Keller, Michael A. « Native vegetation isn’t necessarily a source of natural enemies : The case of parasitoids of light brown apple moth in Australia ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115615.
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Cornelius, Mary. « Biocontrol of the exotic invasive heteropteran, Halyomorphahalys, in mid-Atlantic USA ornamental landscapes assessed by sentinel egg mass : Negligible impact by native parasitoids and predators ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110413.
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Kirichenko, Natalia, Maria Ryazanova, Evgeny Akulov et Margarita Ponomarenko. « Can Native Parasitoids Control the Invasive Lime Leaf-Miner <em>Phyllonorycter issikii</em> ; (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) in Western Siberia ? » Dans The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10537.
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Harvey, Jeff. « Interactions between native and invasive hogweeds, the parsnip webworm, and its parasitoid/hyperparasitoid complex ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105604.
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Wheeler, Gregory S. « Using parasitoid data from the native range to predict attack in the invaded range ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110269.
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Cebotari, Cristina. « Importance of Exorista Larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera : Tachinidae) species in the biological regulation of Lepidoptera species ». Dans Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.29.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Exorista larvarum is a dipteran polyphagous larval endoparasitoid particularly known as antagonist of Lepidoptera. Exorista larvarum is a good biocontrol candidate against forest lepidopterous defoliators. This parasitoid has positive features, among which, it can be efficiently reared in vivo and in vitro. In the laboratory, box tree moth larvae were accepted by E. larvarum females. A lower number of eggs were laid on C. perspectalis than on G. mellonella, but the difference between the two moth species was not significant, although a quite long 3 hours exposure time was necessary for oviposition. We can speculate that, although not the preferred host, C. perspectalis may be accepted by E. larvarum also in nature. The overall results suggest that the mortality of C. perspectalis and G. mellonella larvae due to the partial development of E. larvarum may be useful to regulate the populations of this invasive pest in a context of conservative biological control.