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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nation-state – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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Kanunnikov, A. A. « European Civil Society or Civil Society of the European Countries ? » RUDN Journal of Political Science, no 3 (15 décembre 2016) : 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-3-61-70.

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This article is devoted to the study of civil society in the European Union. It shows the existence of two terms - “European civil society” and “civil society in Europe”. There is a vagueness of the term “European civil society” because it does not disclose the principle of belonging to a “European civil society” - a socio-cultural or geographical. There is a doubt about the possibility of the application of the civil society concept developed to describe the realities at the level of the nation-state, to the description of the phenomenon at a transnational level, for example, in the case of the European Union. The article shows three periods of civil society participation in the European integration process. The article concludes that is premature to consider the European civil society as an autonomous social sphere, opposing the state.
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Ponomarenko, Liudmyla Viktorivna. « MODERN TRENDS AND CONTRADICTIONS IN THE PROCESSES OF NATION-BUILDING IN UKRAINE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE MIRROR OF ARCHETYPES ». UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no 14 (16 juin 2018) : 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i14.116.

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The article is an attempt to study the nation-building processes in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union. The similarities and differences are accentuated for Ukraine, which was able to restore its independence after a long national liberation struggle, and the countries of the European Union, most of which can be called the states with sustainable democracy. In order to study the peculiarities of the nation-building processes, universal features common for any nation are investigated: history, territory, language, culture and national self-consciousness. The peculiarities of the nation-building in the newly and post-imperialist states are determined, as well as the influence of history on the formation of the archetypes of the nations. The reasons for the activation of the nation-building processes and their interrelation with the strengthening of separatist sentiments are investigated. The urgency of the separatism issue on the agenda of not only Ukraine but also of the countries of Europe is mentioned. The influence of nation-building processes on the interpretation of historical facts and events, attempts to “rewrite” historical facts or to silence them is considered. The role of the language issue in the nation-building and the duality of its interpretation are studied. Particular attention is drawn to the disagreements that have emerged in the nation-building process in Ukraine and the Member States of the European Union. The contradictions in the interpretation of various social, political and cultural phenomena in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union are considered. The historical lessons of the European Union, which are worth learning in Ukraine for the further painless nation-building, and valuable European experience, which should be studied or taken into account in practice, are analysed. The main challenges facing Ukraine and the European Union countries regarding the future of the nation-building, peaceful coexistence and productive cooperation are highlighted.
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Grill, Christiane, et Hajo Boomgaarden. « A network perspective on mediated Europeanized public spheres : Assessing the degree of Europeanized media coverage in light of the 2014 European Parliament election ». European Journal of Communication 32, no 6 (21 août 2017) : 568–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117725971.

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The European Union has become an active political player in the political realm, raising the question about the European Union’s linkages with all aspects of political life reflected in national Europeanized public spheres. This study offers empirical evidence on the extent to which mass media support, challenge or even ignore political representatives in European Union affairs, and thus legitimize, respectively delegitimize European Union governance. The analysis is based on large-scale content analyses of print, TV and online news gathered before and after the 2014 European Parliament election in Austria ( N = 6432). Semantic networks show that national media focus on the European Union’s legislative body, the implications of the European Union’s exclusive competences on the nation state and on well-established European Union member countries. In doing so, national Europeanized public spheres constituted by the media legitimize the European Union’s governance in these areas while other aspects of European integration are ignored.
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Asante, S. K. B. « Overcoming the development problem of the Nation-State in Africa through regionalism ». South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no 1 (31 mars 2000) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i1.2596.

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Regionalism, of which the European Union is a successful example, has also been adopted by several African countries. The economic problems to be overcome here, more often than not include a sparse population, small internal markets, deficient infrastructure and economies vulnerable to fluctuating world prices. A further rationale for regionalism is more explicitly political in nature. Meeting the challenges of African development through a strategy of regionalism has been an enormous task in the past, and while there may be grounds for pessimism, this paper views the future with guarded optimism.
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Nauvarian, Demas. « TANTANGAN SUPRANASIONALITAS UNI EROPA : KOMPARASI INTEGRASI POLITIK PADA KRISIS EUROZONE 2008 DAN KRISIS PENGUNGSI 2015 ». Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no 1 (28 février 2021) : 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i1.185.

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The European Union is widely referred to as the international organization at the regional level with the highest integration phase. His journey is thought to have united the continent of Europe in a post-modern supranational political institution with a new post-Westphalia identity - European continental identity. This can be defined as a process of political integration. The process marked by the transfer of sovereignty, for example, can be seen in the European Union's ability to handle the Euro crisis in 2008. However, along the way, the political integration of the European Union is considered to be weakening. Post-Crisis 2008, the European Union experienced another challenge in the form of the 2014-2015 Refugee Crisis. This paper aims to answer questions related to why there is a weakening of the political integration of the European Union in these two challenges. By using the method of cross-longitudinal comparative studies on the responses of countries to the EU's decisions in the two challenges above, this paper argues that the increase in right-wing populism in various countries, particularly in Eastern and Central European countries, is a factor. the main part of the start to break up the political integration of the European Union. This paper concludes that the political values ​​of right-wing populism that focus on nation-state nationalism are contrary to the basic values ​​of the European Union which focus on liberal internationalism, and will become an obstacle to the future of EU political integration.
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Rožňák, Petr. « Migration and National Security of the Visegrad Countries. Does the Nation State Have a Superstate ? » Central European Review of Economics & ; Finance 31, no 3 (30 juin 2019) : 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2019.009.

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Several serious circumstances led to the writing of this essay: since 2008 the crisis remains, albeit with varying degrees of intensity, the situation in the field of international security, as well as debt and institutional crises, are worsening not only in the eurozone. Probably the organized migratory wave of war, economic and climate migrants continues to move across the permeable borders of the Schengen area, showing how the European Union is fragile and helpless. [Klaus, Weigl, 2015] German Chancellor Angela Merkel said there is no upper limit for the number of people who would be admitted to escape political persecution in their country. Germany leaves the Dublin system inconsistently, runs counter to European cohesion and stops differentiating between the immigrant and the refugee. Migration divides EU Member States into patriarchal and patrimonial and distrust between municipalities. Between „old” and „new” EU countries, scissors are opened. In addition, in some regions of Europe (France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom) there are closed communities where the majority law is not valid. Our current socio-political and economic existence is based on a traditional understanding of security. However, the second decade of the 21st century represents a political and military conservative mirror that reflects the image of prosperity and security from a different angle than in previous years. Dramatic developments have led to massive migration of the peoples of the African and Asian continent and to the division of the European Union, especially with regard to the permanent mechanism of redistribution of asylum seekers. Our aim is to contribute to discussion and reflection on topical issues of security environment and security system as a follow-up to the dramatic development that have resulted in the massive migration of people from the African and Asian continent, and in the European Union's break-up, especially in view of the permanent mechanism of redistribution of asylum seekers. We are focused on to what extent the security system of the EU and national states has been threatened and what the threatening factors are. Our aim is to point out that the international security situation has not changed for the better in the second decade of the 21st century. For this purpose, the author uses deductive, analytical, comparative, scientific methods such as exploration, prediction, explanation, and Hanlon's razor.
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Palić, Petra, Nikolina Pejović et Ana Pavković. « The State of Social Entrepreneurship in Selected European Union Countries ». Acta economica et turistica 8, no 1 (27 juin 2022) : 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46672/aet.8.1.1.

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Social entrepreneurs create value. Global problems such as poverty have been heightened by the economic crisis lately and continue to affect the lives of many people all over the world and bring a great deal of interest to the social economy. Social entrepreneurship is an important determinant of the social economy and describes a set of exceptional behaviors. This paper analyzes the notion, perception, and degree of social-economic development with an emphasis on social entrepreneurship in the selected countries of the European Union and Croatia. The analysis encompasses the concept and development of selected older members of the European Union and relies on post-socialist countries at the same time as the newest members of the European Union. By analyzing the facts it is trying to prove that the social economy and social entrepreneurship are more developed and more fragmented in the older and more developed countries of the European Union. Further evidence of this fact is the level of employment in the social economy in the European Union, where the postsocialist countries lag behind the more developed countries of the European Union.
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Kraciuk, Jakub. « FOOD SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES ». Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no 3 (22 août 2017) : 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3238.

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The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries regarding access to food has clearly improved.
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RODAT, Simona. « Ethical reference systems in political discourses : A comparison between the messages to the population of the heads of state of France, Germany and Romania at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic ». Revista Etică și Deontologie 2022, no 1 (7 novembre 2022) : 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52744/red.2022.01.09.

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The global Covid-19 pandemic has caused a number of unprecedented actions at the political level. In order to argue the need for the extraordinary measures that restricted social life, the heads of state addressed the population through explanatory, justifying, but also mobilizing speeches. This paper analyses the speeches given to the nation in March 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic, by the heads of state of three countries in the European Union: France, Germany and Romania. The main objective of the study was to identify the ethical reference systems to which the speakers appealed, and the method used was thematic discourse analysis. The study shows that the three heads of state used in their messages to the population, in a distinct way, ethical systems and frames of reference such as history, homeland, nation, European Union, humanity, democracy. The paper discusses in detail the ways in which these reference systems appear in the speeches, what aspects emphasized and eluded the speakers, as well as the similarities and differences revealed by the thematic analysis between the three discourses.
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Jovanovic, Mihailo. « Inter-state trade within the European Union ». Medjunarodni problemi 57, no 1-2 (2005) : 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502058j.

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Trade is the most important integration link in the overall world production. After the Second World War it induced the establishment of economic integrations. In the last three decades international trade has been more dynamic than the growth of the world production. The data show that the commodity trade is the strongest component of the world purchase and sale, although the international trade in services has grown a bit faster than the commodity trade. However, the share of services in the world trade does not exceed 20 per cent. International trade has most developed among developed countries, keeping up the mutual development of foreign direct investments and know-how and technology transfer. The empirical research shows that apart from the benefits gained by capitalisation of comparative advantages the trade growth is also influenced by benefits resulting from the impact of the economy of scale, competition and spreading of knowledge. Reduction of tariff and elimination of non-tariff barriers constantly opens new opportunities to benefit from international trade in commodities and services. Commodity trade of OECD countries confirms that the volume of trade does not depend only on liberalisation of tariff and non-tariff barriers, but growth to a certain degree reflects the size of the country, geographic elements and transport costs. Therefore, the empirical works predominantly analyse the power of trade as an indicator of the manifested commodity trade, embracing the characteristics such as competition pressures, but not including some deeper political meaning. The previously mentioned factor is significant, since given the policy and competition small countries are naturally more dependent on foreign trade, although competition pressures among big countries largely result from competition inside themselves. A significant change in the trade structure has been recorded in the period of over two years. At first, intra-industrial trade became equal to traditional inter- industrial production, and afterwards it has even exceeded it. For a long time the factors of foreign trade growth have been disputable. The works of Baier and Berstrand show that income growth and reduction of customs produce the main impact on foreign trade growth. In their opinion liberalisation of trade within GATT and WTO is one of the main driving forces in international trade. Reduction of trade costs also produces some impact on foreign trade growth, while approximation of incomes is less significant. Badlinger and Breuss have explored the elements that in the last four decades of the last century made an impact on faster growth of inter-trade of EU-15 member countries. They have estimated the relative impact of the income growth, income equalisation as well reduction of tariffs and trade costs on the intra-trade of EU-15 member countries. The results show that the income growth increases by 70 per cent the intra-trade of these countries. Also, the European integration and liberalisation of GATT and WTO increase by 25 per cent the commodity intra-trade of EU-15.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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Anastasiou, Michaelangelo. « Globalization ; But Under What conditions ? -- The Case of the E.U ». PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/432.

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The present study explores the relationship between trust placed in national institutions and opinion of globalization. A secondary data analysis is conducted using data collected by the European Commission in a 2004 Eurobarometer survey of European Union (EU) citizens on various issues regarding the EU, globalization and national challenges. A prominent theme in the literature is that, in recent times, globalization has had the effect of compromising the sovereignty of nation-states. This has generated a backlash of nationalistic attitudes wherein globalization is posited in opposition to the nation-state. This surge in nationalism has reinforced a culture wherein any external force that has the capacity to compromise or merely challenge national sovereignty is deemed undesirable. The EU represents a unique response to the phenomenon of globalization. It is the only economic bloc that attempts to manage globalization and mitigate its negative effects through the promotion of a free market system that is actively reinforced by political and social transnational unity. By assessing EU citizens' opinion of globalization and its relation to national attachment, one can investigate whether in living in a system of shared national sovereignty, which attempts to actively manage globalization, one experiences globalization not as an external invasive force, but as an integral component of the nation-state.
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Binfield, Julian Westhoff Patrick C. « The changing policy environment for agriculture in the European Union ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6140.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 11. 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr Patrick Westhoff. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ivanova, Mina. « Victims, enemies, a nation the rhetorical constitution of Roma's contested collective identities in the context of an expanding European Union / ». Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1629573871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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FERNANDES, Daniel. « Governments, public opinion, and social policy : change in Western Europe ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75046.

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Defence date: 21 November 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Ellen Immergut (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Anton Hemerijck (EUI); Prof. Christoffer Green-Pedersen (Aarhus University); Prof. Evelyne Hübscher (Central European University)
This dissertation investigates how public opinion and government partisanship affect social policy. It brings an innovative perspective that links the idea of democratic representation to debates about the welfare state. The general claim made here is that social policy is a function of public and government preferences. This claim hinges on two critical premises. The first relates to the general mechanisms that underlie government representation. Politicians have electoral incentives to align their actions with what citizens want. They may respond to public opinion indirectly by updating their party agendas, which can serve as the basis for social policy decisions in case they get elected. They may also respond directly by introducing welfare reforms that react to shifts in public opinion during their mandates. The second premise concerns how citizens and politicians structure their preferences over welfare. These preferences fall alongside two dimensions. First, general attitudes about how much should the state intervene in the economy to reduce inequality and promote economic well-being (how much policy). Second, the specific preferences about which social programmes should get better funding (what kind of policy). The empirical analysis is split into three empirical chapters. Each explores different aspects of government representation in Western European welfare states. The first empirical chapter (Chapter 4) asks how governments shape social policy when facing severe pressures to decrease spending. It argues that governments strategically reduce spending on programmes that offer less visible and indirect benefits, as they are less likely to trigger an electoral backlash. The experience of the Great Recession is consistent with this claim. Countries that faced the most challenging financial constraints cut down social investment and services. Except for Greece, they all preserved consumption schemes. The second empirical chapter (Chapter 5) explores how public opinion affects government spending priorities in different welfare programmes. It expects government responsiveness to depend on public mood for more or less government activity and the most salient social issues at the time. Empirical evidence from old-age, healthcare and education issue-policy areas supports these claims. Higher policy mood and issue saliency is positively associated with increasing spending efforts. Public opinion does not appear to affect unemployment policies. vii The third empirical chapter (Chapter 6) examines how party preferences affect spending priorities in unemployment programmes. It claims that preferences on economic intervention in the economy and welfare recalibration affect different components of unemployment policy. Evidence from the past 20 years bodes well with these expectations. The generosity of compensatory schemes depends on economic preferences. The left invests more than the right. The funding of active labour-market policies depends on both preference dimensions. Among conventional parties, their funding follows the same patterns as compensatory schemes. Among recalibration parties, parties across the economic spectrum present comparable spending patterns.
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ANDERSEN, Stine. « The Commission's role in ensuring Member State compliance with community law ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7017.

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Defence date: 6 July 2007
Examination Board: Prof. Grainne de Burca, (Fordham Law School); Prof. Christian Joerges, (European University Institute); Prof. Deirdre Curtin (Utrecht University); Prof. Joanne Scott (University College London)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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RUBIO, BARCELÓ Eulàlia. « Regional governments, territorial political restructuring and vocational education and training policies : a comparison of four cases : Catalonia, Lombardy, Valencia and Veneto ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7037.

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Defence date: 16 March 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Michael Keating (EUI); Prof. Virginie Guiraudon (EUI); Prof. Marino Regini, (Università di Milano) ; Prof. Jacint Jordana Casajuana (Pompeu Fabra University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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Lu, Chien-yi. « Harmonization of migration policies in the European Union : a state-centric or institutionalist explanation ? / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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MAC, AMHLAIGH Cormac Seamus. « L'État, c'est quoi ? : the concept of the state on trial in the European constitutional polity ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13173.

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Defence date: 12 November 2007
Examining board: Prof. Neil Walker, EUI (Supervisor) ; Prof. Martin Loughlin, London School of Economics ; Advocate General Miguel Poiares Maduro, European Court of Justice ; Prof. Wojciech Sadurski, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Huang, Zhi Feng. « Study of European Union Common Agricultural Policy : France agricultural policy anaysis ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555543.

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Cochrane, Brandy Marie. « Drowning In It : State Crime and Refugee Deaths in the Borderlands ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/772.

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This paper examines the current state of border hardening against refugees in the European Union and Australia through the lens of state crime. Border hardening strategies are described for both of these areas and a theoretical basis of state crime victimology is used to examine the refugees who encounter this border hardening. The present study analyzes two data sets on border deaths, one for the European Union and one for Australia, to examine the demographics of the refugees who perish while attempting to transgress the border. Results indicated that there remains a significant amount of missing data, suggesting that official methods of record-keeping are necessary to determine the most basic demographics, such as gender and age, so analyses can be run to determine significance in this area. One clear finding was that migrants most frequently die from drowning (EU: 83.6%; AU: 93%) compared to any other cause. Also, there is indication that those from disadvantaged areas of origin (such as the Middle East and Africa) are more likely to die in the borderlands than others in the dataset. Practical implications of the findings are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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Livres sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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Shalom, Hayward Jack Ernest, Menon Anand 1965- et Wright Vincent, dir. From the nation state to Europe : Essays in honour of Jack Hayward. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Piper, J. Richard. The major nation-states in the European Union. New York : Pearson/Longman, 2005.

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1942-, Fitoussi Jean-Paul, et Padoa-Schioppa Fiorella 1945-, dir. Report on the state of the European Union. Houndmills [England] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Harm, Schepel, dir. State and market in European Union law. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Europe's digital revolution : Broadcasting regulation, the EU and the nation state. London : Routledge, 2001.

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Europolis : Constitutional patriotism beyond the nation-state. Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2006.

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Favell, Adrian. European integration, immigration and the nation state : Institutionalising transnational political action ? San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy : European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre, 1999.

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Andrea, Biondi, Eeckhout Piet et Flynn James 1956-, dir. The law of state aid in the European Union. Oxford [England] : Oxford University Press, 2004.

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A European welfare state ? : European Union social policy in context. Basingstoke : Palgrave, 2002.

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1951-, Weiler Joseph, et Wind Marlene 1963-, dir. European constitutionalism beyond the state. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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Le Cacheux, Jacques, et Eloi Laurent. « Inequality between Countries : An Ever More Heterogeneous Union ? » Dans Report on the State of the European Union, 105–22. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137451088_8.

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Darmuzey, Philippe. « Meeting the Challenge of State Building : EU Development Policy and Cooperation in Postconflict Countries ». Dans The European Union and Peacebuilding, 461–74. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-691-6_21.

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Murray, Fiona. « Article 299(3) : Overseas Countries and Territories ». Dans The European Union and Member State Territories : A New Legal Framework Under the EU Treaties, 91–119. The Hague, The Netherlands : T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-826-2_10.

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Acs, Zoltan J. « The Digital Platform Economy and the Entrepreneurial State : A European Dilemma ». Dans International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 317–44. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94273-1_17.

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AbstractThe application of big data, new algorithms, and cloud computing is creating a digital platform economy (DPE) built around platform organizations and their platform-based ecosystem. We use the DPE Index to examine Europe’s digital efficiency across countries and explain its global position by analyzing Brexit and the electric vehicle industry. We argue that the United Kingdom left the European Union because E.U. regulations were holding back the U.K.’s strong DPE and that a weak DPE is holding German back from being a leader in the electric vehicle industry. The problem for Europe’s DPE is that the entrepreneurial state is strong and the private sector is weak.
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Tomini, Luca, et Seda Gürkan. « Contesting the EU, Contesting Democracy and Rule of Law in Europe. Conceptual Suggestions for Future Research ». Dans Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 285–300. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54674-8_12.

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Abstract In ECE countries, democratisation and Europeanisation seemed to exist in a mutually reinforcing relationship and both concepts provided the main analytical lenses for studying these states. In the light of recent illiberal and anti-EU politics, two different concepts have started to receive increasing scholarly attention, namely the concepts of de-Europeanisation and autocratisation. Their exact meaning, however, remains unclear and the causal link between these specific processes and the rule of law has largely remained understudied. Against this backdrop, this chapter first summarises the state-of-the-art research on autocratisation and de-Europeanisation, and then examines the interaction and causal link between these two phenomena in times of declining democracies in Europe and rule of law problems.
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Murray, Fiona. « Article 227(3) : Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) ». Dans The European Union and Member State Territories : A New Legal Framework Under the EU Treaties, 29–36. The Hague, The Netherlands : T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-826-2_5.

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Polzunova, Natalia, Igor Savelev, Svetlana Nikiforova et Sergey Ushakov. « State Support for Small Enterprises in the Countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation ». Dans Digital Economy : Complexity and Variety vs. Rationality, 261–69. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29586-8_31.

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Signoretta, Paola E., Veerle Buffel et Piet Bracke. « Mental Well-Being and the Eco-State : A Classification of Regions and Countries of the European Union ». Dans Climate Change Management, 29–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24660-4_3.

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Franco, José Eduardo. « A Europa enquanto utopia+F53 ». Dans Libere carte, 115–21. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0010-3.13.

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Drawing on David Sassoli's inspiring vision, we propose a reflection on Europe as a utopian project with ancient rootedness. This project's uniqueness is marked by its unfinished state, always requiring the impetus of renewed hope. The European Union has to be constantly updating and deepening itself in order to survive. In the conclusion we observe how Europe has been a utopian goal of progress for the countries that comprise it, as is the paradigmatic case of Portugal.
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Frankowska, Agata, et Bartosz Pawlik. « A Decade of Artificial Intelligence Research in the European Union : A Bibliometric Analysis ». Dans Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 52–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_5.

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AbstractIn recent years, the body of research on artificial intelligence (AI) has grown rapidly. As the European Union strives for excellence in AI development, this study aims to establish the publication achievements in the field among its member states between 2010 and 2019. We applied clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) on a set of bibliometric data concerning research publications on AI obtained from Scopus. The results reveal that while the union’s most populous countries—the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy—were the most prolific producers of AI publications between 2010 and 2019, the highest impact was noted for publications that originated in the Nordic and Benelux countries, as well as in Austria and Ireland. Analysis confirms that the division between ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states has endured: the nations that joined the EU after 2004 recorded the lowest results in scientific output and impact in the AI field. This study can assist research agencies and researchers in developing a broad grasp of the current state of AI research.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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PODSIADLO, Piotr. « State aid for employment and competitiveness of the European Union countries - a legal and finance approach ». Dans Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-11.

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Due to the imperfect functioning of labour markets in certain cases, State aid may be an appropriate instrument for creating new jobs and preserving existing ones. Legal regulation of the issue of State aid is an element of the competition mechanism protection, which was recognized in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This paper discusses guidelines for implementation of art. 107–109 of the TFEU, from the point of view of State aid for employment. Statistical analysis was carried out on State aid granted by EU Member States in the period 2001–2018 – from the perspective of its impact on competitiveness of these countries. This should lead to verify the thesis that the amount of State aid granted by EU Member States for employment should be positively correlated with the size of the GDP per capita of these countries.
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Kichurchak, M. V. « EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES : EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE ». Dans Modern transformations in economics and management. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-064-3-18.

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ÖZTÜRK, YUSUF KEMAL, et Selami Sedat Akgöz. « European Union’s Expansion and Globalization Strategies : A Special Investigation on Poland ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00503.

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During the development process, particularly Middle and Eastern European Countries have increasingly integrated into the Union economy while parliaments, governments, public and private sectors have put forth significant effort to prepare for membership to European Union. European Union, on the other hand, prepared a financial framework in 1989 to actively support such efforts. Thus the Union financial and institutional regulations were realized to finance the process of transition to market economy. In this regard, Poland has quickly completed the necessary steps for harmonization and accelerated its efforts towards this goal. Following the radical change Poland experienced after 1989, the process of democratization and transition to open market economy. In our study we compared and investigated Poland economic and political situation before joining European Union, with the developments during the harmonization process and its economic structure today. In this process, it will be appropriate to take a look at Poland recent political and economic life as well as the reasons as to why Poland is an important state for Europe.
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Gündoğdu Odabaşıoğlu, Fatma. « An Assessment on Financial Markets : European Union Member Country Hungary and Candidate Country Turkey ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01700.

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With the end of cold war, Central and Eastern European countries who had not participated in the integration of Europe, have applied to become members of European Union. Hungary, a Central European country; applied for membership on December 16, 1991, started full membership negotiations in 1998 and joined the Union on May 1, 2004. Turkey on the other hand, was granted candidacy status during Helsinki European Council Summit Meeting of December 1999, after a 40 years long relationship that started with Turkey’s application to join European Economic Community on July 31, 1959. Negotiations for full membership of Turkey were finally started on October 3, 2005 and country entered a new era to adapt EU Acquis. Within this context, this study aims to compare financial markets of EU member state Hungary and candidate state Turkey for the period of 1998 - 2015; to evaluate risks and fragilities related to financial development levels and stability of banking sectors for both countries based on generally accepted financial indicators. In conclusion; Hungary was observed to have significantly less developed capital market compared Turkey over the years, despite having similar ratios in financial deepening during recent years. Findings of this assessment point out an increasing credit risk for banking sector of Hungary, enhanced by the economic crisis of 2008. In comparison, credit risk in banking sector of Turkey has been decreasing over the years. High credit/deposit ratio, is a sign of degradation and can be observed in Hungary's balance sheets, raised for Turkey as well.
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BANU, Constantin, Lile RAMONA, Tiberiu IANCU, Mihaela MOATĂR, Dora ORBOI, Carolina ȘTEFAN et Sorin STANCIU. « COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN AND THE MAIN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES’ NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEMS ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.039.

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In the European Union, forests and other wooded areas cover a total of 177.8 million hectares, which represents approximately 40% of the EU total area and an area similar to that used for agricultural purposes (183.9 million hectares). Germany, Spain, France, Finland and Sweden make up over three-fifths of the area covered by forests in the EU. Our paper shows the distribution of forested areas in the EU and their importance in comparison with the agricultural area of each Member State. In 2014, the EU represents about 12 % of global timber volume harvested timber from forests and woodlands on its surfaces rising to 392.9 million m3. Forestry, logging and related services covering timber production and extraction and harvesting of forest products that grow in the wild. In addition to industrial round wood, forests produce firewood, too. In some regions, non-timber forest products are also an important source of local income. In the research approach, we considered necessary and appropriate to perform a comparative analysis of the situation of Romanian forest similar to that of the main European Union countries, to identify measures that some of them have tried, and even managed to increase a rational exploitation of afforested areas forest resources. The results conducted to a comparative analysis of the National Forest and the main EU countries’ Systems, to identify possible starting points for grounding new sustainable development strategies, given their similar experience.
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Nuhanović, Amra, et Jasmila Pašić. « United Europe – Yes, or no ? » Dans 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.05043n.

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In recent years, the European Union has been facing a number of challenges that it is finding it increasingly difficult to overcome. Most EU member states are facing a crisis of confidence in Europe and its institutions, and at the same time nationalist political parties and ideas are developing more and more, leading to a weakening of European solidarity. Eastern European countries weakened awareness of the collective interest. The common values that existed until then have become “diluted”, because different understandings of the nature of the state have emerged, as well as different views on international politics. At the same time, support for European integration among citizens has been declining, and fewer and fewer have seen membership as good and can bring significant benefits. Today, the idea of a united EU is in crisis and that is precisely the cause of the crisis the Union is facing.
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Stepina, Mairita, et Modrite Pelse. « European Union funding support to Latvian municipalities for degraded areas revitalization ». Dans Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.033.

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The formation and existence of degraded areas is one of the consequences of civilization, which has a negative impact on both the environment and economic development in the municipality. The problem of degraded areas has been faced by all countries worldwide, including Latvia, when as a result of the change of the state political system in the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet system, a large number of inactive production companies appeared, resulting in a significant number of polluted / degraded areas. To solve the existing problem, local governments in Latvia use European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) funding under the Operational Program ‘Growth and Employment’ 5.6.2, specific support objective ‘Revitalization of territories by regenerating degraded areas in accordance with local government integrated development programs’ (SSO 5.6.2) to ensure the sustainable development of the territory by revitalizing degraded areas. In the implementation of projects, local governments must ensure the fulfilment of the indicators planned in the projects in the following groups of indicators: the area of degraded areas has been renewed, adapted for the location of new businesses or expansion of existing businesses in order to promote employment and economic activity in local governments; new jobs created in supported areas; non-financial investments made by businesses located in the supported territory in their own intangible investments and fixed assets. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the indicators of the implemented projects in order to be able to draw conclusions about the financial aspects of the project implementation and the progress of the project implementation.
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GEMMA, Sergejs, et Zane VĪTOLIŅA. « EUROPE 2020 TARGETS : THE PROGRESS OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF RIS3 ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.056.

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The Europe 2020 strategy was proposed by the European Commission with an aim to improve European Union (EU) competitiveness and promote economic growth. For the successful achievement of economic growth using the Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) in the EU, the European Commission has set out five interrelated headline targets to be achieved by 2020 in the areas of employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education and poverty and social exclusion. The targets are translated into national targets for each EU Member State; at the same time, they are common goals for all the EU Member States to be achieved through a mix of national and EU actions. The authors of the research used statistical data on the Europe 2020 targets to detect progress or regress in achieving these targets, the accuracy of target value detection and the implementation of RIS3 in the EU. The aim of the research is to evaluate RIS3 progress based on the Europe 2020 targets. The following tasks were set: 1) To calculate progress on each Europe 2020 target for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using Eurostat statistical data; 2) To evaluate the calculated data and compare the data with those for the other Baltic States and the EU average; 3) To forecast RIS3 development for the year 2020 in the Baltic States. The research employed the monographic and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, the graphic method, the data grouping method and forecasting. All the three Baltic States have exceeded their target values on employment and education. Low indicators – just half of the target value – the Baltic States have on the share of the EU’s GDP invested in Research and Development. Other positions such as green energy, poverty and social exclusion mostly show a need for more active and effective action for achieving the Europe 2020 targets.
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Boharu (Mircea), Raluca Mihaela, et Andreea Cristina Savu. « The Need for European Norms and Measures to Prevent Social Dumping ». Dans 3rd International Conference Global Ethics -Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). Lumen Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2022/14.

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Combating the phenomenon of social dumping is a permanent concern of the European Union in the context of the creation of the internal market. Has the risk of social dumping become a permanent problem within the European Union meant that the European legislator has provided answers to the question: has European legislation taken sufficient, effective, and concrete measures to enable the European legal mechanism to combat this phenomenon? The article aims to analyze how the European space integrates into the global economic environment. The secondary purpose is also to identify how it can protect itself from the risk of social competition posed by trade with the rest of the world. Social dumping is the result of differences in the levels of development of the Member States of the European Union. In addition, the social variable would not have been as important if the working conditions in those countries had been the same. Given that the notion of social dumping has received many interpretations over time, currently, the notion does not have a clear definition, namely that of economic dumping, we can say that based on exploring the literature the term social dumping is viewed through a paradox. To explain this paradox, we can start from the finding that a state even if it has a lower level of social protection does not necessarily mean that it can develop the risk of social dumping.
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Tucak, Ivana, et Anita Blagojević. « COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION ». Dans EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Nation-state – European Union countries"

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml et Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands et Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade : Which way forward ? Blavatnik School of Government, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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