Livres : « Nation – Belize »

1

Bolland, O. Nigel. Belize, a new nation in Central America. Boulder : Westview Press, 1986.

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2

A history of Belize : Nation in the making. Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize : Cubola Productions, 2008.

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3

St. George's Caye : The birthplace of a nation : Caio Cosina. Belmopan, Belize] : Institute for Social and Cultural Research, 2010.

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4

Encalada, Nigel. St. George's Caye : The birthplace of a nation : Caio Cosina. Belmopan, Belize] : Institute for Social and Cultural Research, 2010.

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5

Belize : Tracking the path of its history : from the heart of the Maya Empire to a retreat for buccaneers, a safe-haven for ex-pirates and pioneers, a crown colony and a modern nation. Zürich : Lit, 2014.

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6

Myths of ethnicity and nation : Immigration, work, and identity in the Belize banana industry. Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press, 1997.

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7

Iyo, Joe. Belize, a new vision : African and Maya civilizations, the heritage of a new nation. Belize City : Factory Books, 2007.

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Iyo, Joe. Belize, a new vision : African and Maya civilizations, the heritage of a new nation. Belize City : Factory Books, 2007.

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9

From colony to nation : Women activists and the gendering of politics in Belize, 1912-1982. Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

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10

Tun, Isabel. National symbols of Belize. [Belize] : 64 Squares Pub. House, 1997.

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11

Leerssen, Joep. National Thought in Europe. NL Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989542.

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Bringing together sources from many countries and many centuries, this study critically analyses the growth of national thought and of nationalism — from medieval ethnic prejudice to the Romantic belief in a nation’s ‘soul’. The belief and ideology of the nation’s cultural individuality emerged from a Europe-wide exchange of ideas, often articulated in literature and belles lettres. In the last two centuries, these ideas have transformed the map of Europe and the relations between people and government. In tracing the modern European nation-state, cross-nationally and historically, as the outcome of a cultural self-invention, Leerssen also provides a surprising perspective on Europe’s contemporary identity politics. National Thought in Europe has been brought up to date in this new, third edition.

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Iyo, Joe. Toward's understanding Belize's multi-cultural history and identity. Belmopan, Belize : University of Belize, 2000.

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13

Una frontera en movimiento : Migración, fecundidad e identidad en el sur de Quintana Roo y norte de Honduras Británica (Belice), 1900-1935. México, D.F : Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2012.

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14

Barrow, Oliver. Statement by Honourable Dean Oliver Barrow, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Economic Development of Belize, to 42nd General Assembly of the United Nations, October 1, 1987. Belmopan, Belize, C.A : Govt. Information Service Publication, 1987.

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15

Ferguson, William M. Mesoamerica's ancient cities : Aerial views of precolumbian ruins in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Niwot, Colo : University Press of Colorado, 1990.

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16

Mesoamerica's ancient cities : Aerial views of pre-Columbian ruins in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press, 2001.

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17

Werner, Beumelburg, et Ochs Richard, dir. Das Kriegsende 1945 : Berichte, Bilder und Belege aus einer schweren Zeit an der Mittelmosel : eine Dokumentation. Traben-Trarbach : R. Ochs, 1995.

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18

Wiener, Michael. Das Mandat des UN-Sonderberichterstatters über Religions- oder Weltanschauungsfreiheit : Institutionelle, prozedurale und materielle Rechtsfragen. Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2007.

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19

Bielefeldt, Heiner. Freedom of religion or belief : Thematic reports of the UN Special Rapporteur 2010-2013. Bonn : Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, Culture and Science Publ., Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher, 2014.

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20

Shaforostov, A. I. Vera kak uslovie samoidentifikat︠s︡ii. Irkutsk : Izd-vo Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2007.

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21

Tan, Lee. Buddhist Revitalization and Chinese Religions in Malaysia. NL Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726436.

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Buddhist Revitalization and Chinese Religions in Malaysia tells the story of how a minority community comes to grips with the challenges of modernity, history, globalization, and cultural assertion in an ever-changing Malaysia. It captures the religious connection, transformation, and tension within a complex traditional belief system in a multi-religious society. In particular, the book revolves around a discussion on the religious revitalization of Chinese Buddhism in modern Malaysia. This Buddhist revitalization movement is intertwined with various forces, such as colonialism, religious transnationalism, and global capitalism. Reformist Buddhists have helped to remake Malaysia’s urban-dwelling Chinese community and have provided an exit option in the Malay and Muslim majority nation state. As Malaysia modernizes, there have been increasing efforts by certain segments of the country’s ethnic Chinese Buddhist population to separate Buddhism from popular Chinese religions. Nevertheless, these reformist groups face counterforces from traditional Chinese religionists within the context of the cultural complexity of the Chinese belief system.

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22

Bolland, O. Nigel. Belize : A New Nation in Central America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Bolland, O. Nigel. Belize : A New Nation in Central America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Bolland, O. Nigel. Belize : A New Nation in Central America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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25

George Price : Father of the nation Belize. Belize : ION Media, 2000.

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26

A history of Belize : Nation in the making. 3^e éd. Belize : Cubola Productions, 1997.

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27

Belize : A Caribbean Nation in Central America : Selected Speeches of Said Musa. Ian Randle Publishers, 2005.

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28

From Colony to Nation : Women Activists and the Gendering of Politics in Belize, 1912-1982. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.

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29

Macpherson, Anne S. From Colony to Nation : Women Activists and the Gendering of Politics in Belize, 1912-1982. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.

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30

Macpherson, Anne S. From Colony to Nation : Women Activists and the Gendering of Politics in Belize, 1912-1982. University of Nebraska Press, 2009.

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31

Macpherson, Anne S. From Colony to Nation : Women Activists and the Gendering of Politics in Belize, 1912-1982 (Engendering Latin America). University of Nebraska Press, 2007.

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32

Fitch, Marc E. Paranormal Nation. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400695186.

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This thought-provoking study of paranormal phenomena traces the impact of supernatural beliefs on popular culture and, conversely, examines the influence of new communication technologies on research being conducted in the field. Did you know that interest in UFO research increased during the 1960s as a result of the Kennedy assassination? Or that America experienced a Satanic Panic in the 1980s that culminated with the longest, most expensive court trial in American history? This book reviews the history, economy, and community of paranormal research in this country, and considers the deeper meaning behind the philosophies and theories surrounding the industry. Paranormal Nation: Why America Needs Ghosts, UFOs, and Bigfoot explores the events that have defined paranormal belief systems today. From the birth of religious doctrine, to European witch hunts, to the increasing popularity of the supernatural in American television programming, the author examines the past and present conditions that have fueled interest in the unexplained and considers what this trend means for modern-day America.

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33

Edelstein, Dan. Nature or Nation ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190674793.003.0001.

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The century that was capped off by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen showed little indication, during its first fifty years, that it would come to care so much about natural rights, or believe that the purpose of society was to conserve “the natural and imprescriptible rights of man.” So how did this particular rights regime come to hold such sway? As the author shows in this essay, the Enlightenment did not invent the idea of inalienable rights, which had already been forcefully expressed as far back as the sixteenth century. But a century of absolutist politics had silenced this discourse, despite its flourishing across the Channel. Its rediscovery, in the eighteenth century, does not appear to have been triggered by cross-cultural currents, or the rereading of older documents. Rather, it is argued that it was thanks to the Physiocrats that inalienable natural rights became once again a cornerstone of political discourse.

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Mitchell, Peter. Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.001.0001.

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The Native American on a horse is an archetypal Hollywood image, but though such equestrian-focused societies were a relatively short-lived consequence of European expansion overseas, they were not restricted to North America's Plains. Horse Nations provides the first wide-ranging and up-to-date synthesis of the impact of the horse on the Indigenous societies of North and South America, southern Africa, and Australasia following its introduction as a result of European contact post-1492. Drawing on sources in a variety of languages and on the evidence of archaeology, anthropology, and history, the volume outlines the transformations that the acquisition of the horse wrought on a diverse range of groups within these four continents. It explores key topics such as changes in subsistence, technology, and belief systems, the horse's role in facilitating the emergence of more hierarchical social formations, and the interplay between ecology, climate, and human action in adopting the horse, as well as considering how far equestrian lifestyles were ultimately unsustainable.

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35

Jones, N. S. Carey. The Pattern of a Dependent Economy : The National Income of British Honduras. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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36

Carpio, Carmen, Carla Pantanali et Neesha Harnam. Belize National Health Insurance : Assessing the Sustainability and Scalability of the Pay for Performance Scheme. World Bank Publications, 2016.

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Staff, World Bank, Carmen Carpio, Carla Pantanali et Neesha Harnam. Belize National Health Insurance : Assessing the Sustainability and Scalability of the Pay for Performance Scheme. World Bank Publications, 2016.

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38

Robinson-Dunn, Diane. ‘Fairer to the Ladies’ and of Benefit to the Nation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688349.003.0005.

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By examining his writings, speeches, poetry and actions, as well as those of his contemporaries involved with the Liverpool Muslim community, this chapter explores Abdullah Quilliam’s relationship with gender roles and constructs. It considers his creative self-fashioning, for which he drew from both "Eastern" and "Western" influences in order to present a version of British Muslim masculinity characterized by sensitivity, chivalry, reverence for motherhood, and the pursuit of social justice. Quilliam believed that the limited polygamy, or more accurately polygyny, as sanctioned by the Qur’an, which he, in fact, practiced, not only benefited individuals and family life, but also strengthened nation and empire by encouraging population growth and thereby preventing degeneration and decay. In addition, Quilliam’s belief in the benefits of racial and cultural “miscegenation” became an issue of no small importance during a time when his critics and even officials in the British Home and Foreign Offices expressed concern that his willingness to perform “mixed marriages” posed a threat to national security.

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Ginderachter, Maarten Van. Everyday Nationalism in Belgium : Building a Modern European Nation. Stanford University Press, 2019.

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Everyday Nationalism in Belgium : Building a Modern European Nation. Stanford University Press, 2019.

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41

York, Neil L. Turning the World Upside Down. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216027997.

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York illustrates how Revolutionary Americans founded an empire as well as a nation, and how they saw the two as inseparable. While they had rejected Britain and denounced power politics, they would engage in realpolitik and mimic Britain as they built their empire of liberty. England had become Great Britain as an imperial nation, and Britons believed that their empire promised much to all fortunate enough to be part of it. Colonial Americans shared that belief and sense of pride. But as clashing interests and changing identities put them at odds with the prevailing view in London, dissident colonists displaced Anglo-American exceptionalism with their own sense of place and purpose, an American vision of manifest destiny. Revolutionary Americans wanted to believe that creating a new nation meant that they had left behind the old problems of empire. What they discovered was that the basic problems of empire unavoidably came with them into the new union. They too found it difficult to build a union in the midst of rival interests and competing ideologies. Ironically, they learned that they could only succeed by aping the balance of power politics used by Britain that they had only recently decried.

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SuÁRez, Isabel Carrera. Multicultural and Transnational Novels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0027.

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This chapter examines the history of multicultural and transnational novels in Canada. Several decades after multiculturalism was established as a political structure and defining feature of the Canadian nation, the term is no longer appropriate to designate all writing outside the former Anglo-Protestant norm without evoking a hierarchy that belies Canadian self-definition, as sanctioned by the Multiculturalism Act of 1988. Canadian literature is therefore multicultural in its national dimension while, individually, authors and novels are Canadian. The term ‘transnational’, by contrast, raises altogether different questions, as it aims to transcend the nationalist project underpinning multiculturalism. The chapter first considers Canadian multicultural novels published during the period 1950–1970, a time of nation-building, before discussing the accelerated pace at which Canadian fiction began to evolve and diversify in the 1980s. It also analyses how the rhetoric of Canadianness changed in the 1980s and 1990s, embracing transnationalism and new intersectional theories of post-national and individual indentity.

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Osawa, Yoshimi. “We Can Taste but Others Cannot”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190240400.003.0007.

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This chapter addresses the concept of umami—the fifth “savory” taste recently recognized alongside sweet, sour, salty, and bitter—as a symbol of Japanese culinary, and thus cultural, distinctiveness. It studies earlier usages of said term and its more recent promotion as a key element of Japan's culinary brand in state-sponsored pavilions at international food exhibitions and trade shows. The chapter also reveals the popular, nationalistic belief that the Japanese have a superior ability to discern this taste and contextualizes this belief in a larger discourse of national chauvinism that claims, among other things, that the Japanese sensitivity to aesthetic refinement exceeds that of other nations.

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Duchesne, Sophie. National Identity in France. Sous la direction de Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman et Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.22.

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This chapter deals with the way in which French social scientists study their fellow citizens’ national identity. Following Billig, national identity refers here to the way people feel “emotionally situated” within nations, whatever these emotions are; how and to what extent they believe that being French is part of their personal identity. Over recent decades, social scientists all over the world have investigated the complex feelings citizens have about their nations. In France, however, this issue has been somewhat overlooked. This disparity is a consequence of the political context and the role of social scientists in French public debates, as well as a legacy of Bourdieu’s work which has made them well aware of the power of categorization. As a conclusion, the chapter outlines a research agenda in order to overcome this sociological blind spot.

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Larin, Stephen J. Conceptual Debates in Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.128.

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Since the mid-nineteenth century, the term “ethnic” has come to mean “member of a group of people with a set of shared characteristics,” including a belief in common descent. As such, “ethnic groups” refer to human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of similarities of physical or customs type or both, or because of memories of colonization and migration. Ethnic phenomena are primarily explained through the “primordialist” and “instrumentalist” explanations. Primordialism holds that ethnicity is a constitutive and permanent feature of human nature. Instrumentalists argue that ethnicity is a social construct with the purpose of achieving political or material gain. However, the real debate is among constructivists over whether ethnicity should be studied from the participant or the observer perspective. Meanwhile, it is difficult to determine exactly when and where “the nation” first became identified with “the people” as it is today, but the process is closely tied to the rise of popular sovereignty and representative democracy. When nations and nationalism became the subject of academic inquiry, three positions emerged: “modernism,” which holds that both nations and nationalism are modern phenomena; “perennialism,” which argues that nationalist ideology is modern, but nations date back to at least the Middle Ages; and “ethno-symbolism,” a combination of the previous two. Most contemporary classifications of nations and nationalism are typological, the most prominent of which identify two dichotomous types, such as the distinction between “civic” and “ethnic” nationalism. Other classifications are better described as taxonomies.

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Banet, Catherine. Techno-nationalism in the Context of Energy Transition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0005.

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Techno-nationalism is governments’ protectionist behaviour towards technology innovation and transfer.— Development of law and policy to secure national interest stems from belief that restricting transfer of innovation will benefit national economic growth and protect wealth and energy independency. Although not a new phenomenon, there is a global techno-nationalism revival in the energy transition context. This chapter looks at the compatibility of techno-nationalist measures with the WTO international law regime. It reviews how national legal frameworks support these policies by reference to energy transition legislation, public procurement, local content requirements, and intellectual property rights. It compares nation states’ techno-nationalism behaviour to the duties to share and transfer technology innovation in a liberalized and competitive environment. Among the applicable rules are UNFCC and WTO technology transfer requirements, including green goods provisions. Finally, the margin of appreciation for national governments and the need for legal innovation to ensure technology transfer are examined. .

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Ebbitt McGill, Alicia. Negotiating Heritage through Education and Archaeology. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066974.001.0001.

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This book contributes to global conversations about the nature and practice of public history and heritage studies, as well as heritage scholarship in Latin America and the Caribbean. Drawing from the context of Belize and two rural African-descendant Kriol communities, this book demonstrates the many means by which people construct values, meanings, and practices related to heritage. These meanings have wide-ranging influences on peoples’ cultural identity, daily practices, and engagements with tangible and intangible culture. The author demonstrates that since the late nineteenth century, Belizean colonial and national institutions have constructed and used heritage places and ideologies to manage difference, govern citizens, and reinforce economic and social development agendas, particularly through archaeology and formal education. Institutional heritage practices have resulted in marginalized pasts and enduring racial and ethnic inequalities, especially in regards to Kriol cultural heritage. However, this book also details how Belizean teachers and children resisted and responded to persistent colonial and state legacies through vernacular heritage practices. The book’s methodology is innovative as it combines British imperial archival sources with years of ethnographic observations and interviews with government officials, teachers, and young people. A major contribution of the book is historicizing heritage by identifying connections between colonial and state cultural politics and global heritage trends over time. Another significant contribution is demonstrating how education and archaeology are interconnected social institutions through which official and vernacular heritage forms and practices are constructed, controlled, negotiated, and contested.

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Wendt, Simon. The Daughters of the American Revolution and Patriotic Memory in the Twentieth Century. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066608.001.0001.

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This book is a comprehensive account of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) and its efforts to keep alive the memory of the nation’s past. It argues that, especially prior to World War II, the DAR’s conservative white middle-class members played a vital role in private citizens’ efforts to both bolster patriotism and guard the nation’s gendered and racial boundaries through commemorative practices. The Daughters engaged in patriotic activism long believed to be the domain of men and deliberately challenged male-centered accounts of US nation-building. At the same time, however, their tales about the past helped reinforce traditional notions of femininity and masculinity, reflecting a strong-held belief that any challenge to these traditions would jeopardize the nation’s stability. In a similar fashion, the organization frequently voiced support for inclusive civic nationalism, but deliberately used memory to consolidate Anglo-Saxon whiteness and keep the nation’s racial divisions in place. By closely examining these ambiguities, this study sheds fresh light on white conservative women’s remarkable agency in US nationalism and explains the tenacity of a particular nationalist ideology that deemed ingrained gender and race hierarchies vital to America’s unity and progress.

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Murphy, Clifford R., dir. New England Country and Western Music and The Myth of Southern Authenticity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038679.003.0003.

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This chapter illustrates how the story of New England country and western music is ultimately about how working-class New Englanders living in the multiethnic age chose to understand themselves as Americans through the frontier symbolism of western music. When the Country Music Association (CMA) coalesced in Nashville and rebranded the music as “country music,” a fundamental change took place in how country music functioned within working-class New England. The courting and subsequent takeover and abandonment of New England country and western music by national or corporate entities is just another in a long line of such losing battles for New England's working people, which led many to believe that the interests of working-class New Englanders are not the interests of the nation.

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Arase, David. Foreign Aid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.181.

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As a policy tool, aid has not been confined to the roles that foreign and economic policy theorists have prescribed for it. Foreign aid attracts controversy because it structures how global poverty will be addressed. Aid’s proponents believe that it can eradicate absolute poverty and close the income gap between rich and poor countries, but its critics believe it holds out only false hope and obscures the real nature of the problem. The unrequited transfer of wealth from a weak nation to a stronger one is an ancient tradition, but the notion that it would be powerful nations transferring wealth to advance the economic development of weaker ones was virtually unheard of until the post-World War II era, particularly during the highly polarized Cold War climate. During this time, aid was used as a means of competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for influence over Third World countries. Aid also became a tool for opening up the markets of the developing world and integrating them into the global economy. The fact that foreign aid has come to mean development assistance since has raised a series of questions debated in the scholarly literature. Moreover, it is universally acknowledged that donors use aid to achieve objectives other than development and poverty reduction.

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Livres sur le sujet « Nation – Belize »

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