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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nanotechnology – Social aspects »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nanotechnology – Social aspects"

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Dong, Shu Chun. « Research on Nano Materials in the Chemical Aspects ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (janvier 2014) : 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.118.

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The nanotechnology is of great significance to the country's future economic, social development and national security, and it will bring a revolutionary change to the medicine, manufacturing, materials and information communication and other industries, therefore, in recent years, nanoscience and technology is greatly favored all over the world especially in developed countries. All the countries (areas) in the world have developed the nanotechnology as the main driver of the technical innovation in the twenty-first century, and have formulated development strategies and plans, to promote and guide their development in nanotechnology, which lead to fiercer and fiercer competition. In this paper, the author mainly introduces the application of nanomaterials in catalysis, filtration, separation, paint and new fine chemical industry and so on.
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Patil, Aishwarya S. « Modern Ethical and Societal Implications of Nanotechnology ». Journal of Advanced Research in Manufacturing, Material Science & ; Metallurgical Engineering 07, no 04 (30 décembre 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8315.202005.

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Advancement in nanotechnology in multidisciplinary areas of health, cosmetics, automotive, electronics, food and agriculture is established. The researchers started to study and debate the social and ethical aspects in terms of benefits and risks. The study of nanotechnology starts with the proper definition of its purpose and its scope. Since nanotechnology is at an emerging stage, the study of ethics is needed and society revolving around this technology has to grow. This study will help the growth and future predictions about nanotechnology and its implications which can then be communicated to a wider audience which will build confidence and will give them the right to choose. Acceptance of advanced technology by society is the very first milestone for a longer run.
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Sandler, Ronald, et W. D. Kay. « The National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Social Good ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 34, no 4 (décembre 2006) : 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00086.x.

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DELGADO-RAMOS, GIAN CARLO. « ETHICAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES : A READING FROM MEXICO ». International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no 02 (avril 2013) : 1340001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400014.

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The capacity to manipulate matter at the atoms scale promises such a potential that, both positive and eventual negative aspects of nanotechnology are part of current debate. Nano-applications promise to revolutionize healthcare, energy production, agriculture, environmental remediation solutions, and most of manufacturing processes; in fact some earliest products are already hitting the market. At the same time socioeconomic, legal, environmental and ethical aspects stand as issues of legitimate public concern that policy makers are faced to address. It is a context in which an open, constructive, and permanent dialogue among diverse social actors seems to be needed in order to avoid or reduce unnecessary costs and probable risks, while promoting benefits. This paper offers an overview of such aspects from Mexican perspective. After a general introduction, it describes and contrasts the promotion of nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide and in Mexico. A brief discussion on legal aspects follows, including intellectual rights and patenting challenges ahead. Finally the need of an ad hoc regulatory framework takes us to discuss the relevance of a social dialogue and management as a democratic way of promoting a responsible development of nanotechnologies.
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Best, Robert, et George Khushf. « The Social Conditions for Nanomedicine : Disruption, Systems, and Lock-In ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 34, no 4 (2006) : 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00093.x.

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Many believe that nanotechnology will be disruptive to our society. Presumably, this means that some people and even whole industries will be undermined by technological developments that nanoscience makes possible. This, in turn, implies that we should anticipate potential workforce disruptions, mitigate in advance social problems likely to arise, and work to fairly distribute the future benefits of nanotechnology. This general, somewhat vague sense of disruption, is very difficult to specify – what will it entail? And how can we responsibly anticipate and mitigate any problems? We can't even clearly state what the problems are anticipated to be. In fact, when we move from sweeping policy statements to more concrete accounts, nanotechnology seems to bifurcate into two divergent streams: one is fairly continuous with current developments, extending extant science in a quantitative way; the other is radically new, and includes science fiction-like dreams of molecular manufacturing and assemblers, with their utopian (or dystopian) scenarios of absolute plenty (or runaway self-replication). In these cases, “disruption” takes on the valence of Huxley's brave new world.
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Frolov, Daniil, et Anatoly Yakovlev. « Threats and Risks of Nanoindustry Development ». Equilibrium 6, no 2 (30 juin 2011) : 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil2011.016.

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The paper deals with the negative aspects of nanotechnology development on the global and national scales. Possible economic, environmental and social risks and latent threats to the formation of nanoindustry and nanoproducts consumption are discussed. The conclusion about the need of intensive studies of this complex problem and development of regulatory mechanisms, legal frameworks and institutions of nanotechnology progress monitoring is made.
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Ghazinoory, Sepehr, et Reza Ghazinouri. « NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIOPOLITICAL MODERNITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ; CASE STUDY OF IRAN ». Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, no 3 (30 septembre 2009) : 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.395-417.

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What we must keep in mind is that although nanotechnology is an emerging and high technology, it is still technology or, in other words, it has an instrumental nature and in order to study its effect on societies we have to consider the role of instruments’ evolution in societies and study nanotechnology as the most recent part of this trend. In this article we study the nature of modern technologies, role of technology based economy on different social and political aspects of developing countries; we have a review on the concept of social and political modernity and describe how development of nanotechnology will accelerate those countries’ modernization from social and political point of view in addition to modernizing their economy. So this paper is a cross‐disciplinary study between nanotechnology and social sciences. There are two different scenarios about the future of nanotechnology. One is the proof of radical nanotechnology and the other is the acceptance of the claim that nanotechnology is only an enabling technology. In the present paper, we studied the effects of both scenarios. The obstacles to modernity in Iran and potential effect of nanotechnology on them are studied as a case study. Santrauka Nors nanotechnologija yra nauja ir pažangi technologija, ji tėra tik instrumentas. Norint įvertinti jos reikšmę visuomenei, reikia išnagrinėti panašių instrumentų raidą visuomenėse ir vertinti nanotechnologiją kaip naujausią tendenciją. Šiame straipsnyje ištirta šiuolaikinių technologijų prigimtis, technologijos vaidmuo žinių ekonomikoje skirtingais besivystančių šalių socialiniais ir politiniais periodais, apžvelgtos socialinio ir politinio šiuolaikiškumo sąvokos, apibūdinta, kaip išsivysčiusios nanotechnologijos pagreitins šalių modernizaciją socialiniu ir politiniu požiūriu be jų ekonomikos modernizavimą. Šis straipsnis yra nanotechnologijos ir socialinių mokslų tarpdisciplininė studija. Yra du skirtingi nanotechnologijos ateities scenarijai: pirmasis teigia, kad nanotechnologija sukels radikalių pokyčių; antrasis skelbia, kad nanotechnologija yra tiktai galimybių suteikimo technologija. Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėti abiejų scenarijų padariniai, tirtos kliūtys šiuolaikiškumui Irane įsitvirtinti ir nanotechnologijos poveikis šaliai.
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Kimbrell, George A. « Governance of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials : Principles, Regulation, and Renegotiating the Social Contract ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 37, no 4 (2009) : 706–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00442.x.

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How should we oversee new and emerging technologies and their products? What lessons can we discern from existing regulatory examples and from past mistakes? How do these lessons learned translate into informed recommendations for adequate oversight for nanotechnology to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past? The investigators of this interdisciplinary project undertook this endeavor intending to answer these questions among others.In parallel with the project team putting together this symposium, another, very different process on the oversight of nanotechnology took place. An international coalition of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) formed to address the nanotech policy dialogue. The first goal of this NGO group was to agree upon and draft fundamental principles of oversight, which it completed in 2007-08. These principles close with a call for their adoption and/or internalization by all relevant actors and bodies. In effect, they serve a function in the policy dialogue similar to that of this project’s forthcoming recommendations.
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Jotterand, Fabrice. « The Politicization of Science and Technology : Its Implications for Nanotechnology ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 34, no 4 (2006) : 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00084.x.

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Nanotechnology represents, in part, a technological revolution in the sense that it allows highly innovative applications of various areas of the physical and life sciences. The development of nanotechnology and nanoscience, however, intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science (in its broad meaning) can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., “pure science”). Science, through its technological applications, has become the source of economic power and, by extension, political power. Science, with its political implications, has entered what John Ziman calls the era of “post-academic science.”In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of this politicization, that is, the convergence of science, technology, politics, and economics for social and governmental purposes. At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.
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Rabajczyk, Anna, Maria Zielecka et Justyna Gniazdowska. « Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents ». Materials 15, no 24 (12 décembre 2022) : 8876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248876.

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Extinguishing agents are a very important tool in the field of security, both in terms of private and social aspects. Depending on the type of burning substance and place of fire, appropriately prepared and developed solutions should be used. We can distinguish, among others, materials, powders or foaming agents. Modifications introduced into them, including ones based on the achievements in the field of nanotechnology, can improve their safety of use and extend their service life. Such amendments also reduce the costs of production and neutralization of the area after a fire, and increase the fire extinguishing effectiveness. The introduction of nanoparticles allows, e.g., shortening of the fire extinguishing time, reduction of the risk of smoke emission and the toxic substances contained in it, and an increase in the specific surface of particles and thus increasing the sorption of pollutants. The elaborations use metal nanoparticles, e.g., NP-Ag, metal oxides such as NP-SiO2, as well as particles of substances already present in extinguishing agents but treated and reduced to nanosize. It should be noted, however, that all changes must lead to obtaining a tool that meets the relevant legal requirements and has appropriate approvals.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Nanotechnology – Social aspects"

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Beyhan, Bozkirlioglu Berna. « Who Interacts With Whom ? Individual And Organizational Aspects Of University-industry Relations In Nanotechnology : The Turkish Case ». Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613842/index.pdf.

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The main purpose of this study is to explore individual and organizational level factors which influence the formation of knowledge and technology transfer links between universities and firms. To this end, three sets of data are collected and analyzed. The first one includes bibliometric data of nanotechnology publications, which are authored by scientists affiliated with Turkish universities. The second one is collected through a questionnaire survey from university-scientists dealing with nanoscale research. The third one is from firms doing nanotechnology R&
D through in-depth interviews with high level managers. The analysis of bibliometric data provides an insight to the main actors and characteristics of the nanoscale research in Turkey. This data is also used to identify the population of nano-scientists at Turkish universities. From May 2010 to May 2011, 181 questionnaires were collected from targeted nano-scientists
and 21 firms were interviewed. The collected data was used to investigate the impact of individual and organizational level factors on the proclivity of nanoscientists to engage in knowledge and technology transfer to industry by estimating binary probit models. The results suggest that nano-scientists with relations to industry are those who (i) have high number of patents/patent applications
(ii) do more applied research
(iii) have access to public funds (iv) are well connected to Turkish NST academia
(v) are working in universities which are not the most active ones in nanoscale research
but have nano-equipped laboratories
and support nano-scientists in their relations with industry
and finally (vi) are motivated by commercialization of their research outcomes. On the other hand, qualitative analysis of our data collected through in-depth interviews conducted with firms suggests that social capital and human capital of firms&rsquo
nanotechnology professionals play the key role in knowledge and technology transfer from universities. However, absorptive capacity and business culture are the most important firm level factors which influence university-industry relations. Finally, in the last section of this thesis we discuss some managerial and science, technology and innovation policy implications of the research.
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Laurent, Brice. « Democracies on trial : assembling nanotechnology and its problems ». Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0103.

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La thèse analyse les nanotechnologies comme une entité politique macro comprenant des objets, des futurs, des motifs d'inquiétude et des publics, et examine des sites où cette entité est problématisée. En se penchant sur les opérations définissant les problèmes publics et les façons de les traiter, l'analyse des problématisations des nanotechnologies permet de décrire à la fois l'assemblage des nanotechnologies et la construction de l'ordre démocratique. L'étude des problématisations des nanotechnologies est menée via la description d'expériences et de démonstrations impliquant des technologies de démocratie, sur la base d'enquêtes de terrain menées en France, aux États-Unis et dans des organisations internationales. La thèse considère successivement des opérations de réplication et de stabilisation de technologies de démocratie, des processus utilisant des technologies de démocratie pour la définition d'objets " nano " et de futurs " responsables ", et des exemples d'engagement de mouvements sociaux et du chercheur lui-même dans la critique des technologies de démocratie. Ceci permet d'étudier des exemples concernant la représentation des nanotechnologies, leur administration, et la mobilisation sociale à leur égard. Différentes problématisations peuvent alors être reconstruites. La thèse s'intéresse à quatre d'entre elles, et s'appuie sur le travail empirique pour proposer une critique réaliste des nanotechnologies
The dissertation analyzes nanotechnology as a macro political entity comprising objects, futures, concerns and publics, and examines sites where it is problematized. Focusing on operations defining public problems and ways of dealing with them, the analysis of the problematizations of nanotechnology is a path for the description of both the assemblage of nanotechnology and the enactement of democratic order. The study of the problematization of nanotechnology is conducted through the description of experiments and demonstrations involving technologies of democracy, using fieldwork in France, the United States, and international organizations. The dissertation considers successively some operations of replication and stabilization of expert-based technologies of democracy; processes using technologies of democracy to define "nano" objects and "responsible" nanotechnology futures; and examples of social and scholarly engagement in the critique of technologies of democracy. Thereby, processes of representation of, public management of, and social mobilization about nanotechnology are examined. Different problematizations of nanotechnology can then be reconstructed. The dissertation discusses four of them, and uses the empirical work in order to propose a realist critique of nanotechnology
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Maestrutti, Marina. « Les imaginaires des nanotechnologies ». Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100196.

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Cette thèse analyse les imaginaires des nanotechnologies en soulignant leur enracinement culturel et leur contribution à l'intégration culturelle de ces innovations technologiques. La première partie montre l’importance des constructions narratives dans les rapports officiels publiés entre 2000 et 2006. Un récit historique aux dimensions mythiques et le récit d’exploits techniques permettant la maîtrise de l’invisible ont façonné l’identité des nanotechnologies. La deuxième partie met en relief l’importance que prend le futur dans le présent des nanotechnologies. Dans le contexte actuel où la foi dans le progrès semblait ébranlée, les nanotechnologies suscitent de grandes promesses autant que des menaces d’apocalypse qui réactivent les figures anciennes de salut et de damnation. La troisième partie se concentre sur les techno-utopies qui concernent le corps. Les transhumanistes qui prônent une utilisation transformative des technologies convergentes (nano et biotechnologies, sciences de l’information et sciences cognitives), adoptent une vision de l’humain désormais affranchi des limites naturelles et culturelles « humanistes »
This dissertation dedicated to the imaginaries accompanying nanotechnology (NST), analyzes their cultural background and their potential impact on the cultural integration of technological innovations. The first section points the significance of narrative constructions in the official reports published between 2000 and 2006. A historical account with mythical proportions and a narrative of technological tools allowing for the mastery of the invisible have both shaped the identity of nanotechnologies. The second section is concerned with the key role of the Future in the Present of nanotechnologies. In the current context where the faith in progress seems to be undermined, nanotechnologies raise great promises as well as apocalyptic threats, which rejuvenate ancient notions of salvation and damnation. The third section focuses on techno-utopias that concern the body. The transhumanists, who encourage the transformative use of converging technologies (nano- and biotechnologies, information technology and cognitive science), advocate a vision of humans emancipated from their “humanistic” natural and cultural limitations
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Zong, Zhen. « Le processus de catégorisation des activités économiques émergentes : le cas des nanotechnologies en France ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12024/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier le processus de catégorisation des activités émergentes afin de contribuer à la discussion sur la création des nouveaux secteurs économiques, notamment par des innovations technologiques. Deux approches sur le concept de catégorisation dans la littérature ont été identifiées : une approche contenu qui se focalise sur les conséquences des catégories et une approche processuelle qui s’intéresse au processus de catégorisation des organisations. Ces deux approches s’accordent pour indiquer l’importance du concept de frontière pour la catégorisation. Nous avons choisi une démarche qualitative basée sur une étude de cas longitudinale sur les nanotechnologies (NT) en France. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que deux types de processus existent pour la catégorisation d’une activité économique : le processus interne et le processus externe de création de frontières. Le processus interne se caractérise par une prise de conscience mutuelle de l’intérêt commun entre les parties prenantes de l’activité, une théorisation des connaissances, et la revendication d’une différenciation entre les parties prenantes. Le processus externe se reflète dans l’effort des parties prenantes pour la légitimation des NT. Les processus interne et externe de la catégorisation dans le cas des NT interagissent de façon à se renforcer mutuellement. Nous avons proposé à la fin de cette étude une typologie de stratégies de catégorisation, composée des stratégies d’attachement, de distinction et d’ambiguïté. La thèse débouche sur des recommandations en direction des entrepreneurs afin de gérer au mieux l'acceptation de leur activité en émergence
The aim of this thesis is to study the categorization process of emerging activities to contribute to the discussion about industries’ creations, especially through technological innovations.Two approaches of categorization in the literature have been identified: a content approach that focuses on the consequences of the categories and a process-based approach that focuses on the process of categorizing organizations. Both approaches are converging by showing the importance of the concept of boundary for categorization. In terms of methodology, we chose a qualitative approach based on a longitudinal case study on nanotechnologies in France. The results of this research show that two types of processes exist for the categorization of economic activity: the internal process and external process of boundary creation. The internal process is characterized by mutual awareness of common interest between stakeholders of the activity, theorization of knowledge, and claiming for differentiation between stakeholders. The external process is reflected in the efforts of stakeholders to the legitimization of nanotechnologies in the eyes of external audiences. Internal and external processes of boundary creation in the case of nanotechnologies interact and reinforce each other. A typology of three strategies mobilized in the categorization including attachment strategies, distinction strategies and ambiguity strategies, has also been proposed through this study. The thesis provides recommendations towards entrepreneurs to better manage the acceptance of their emerging activity
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MOOS, Pelle. « An uncertain business : industry responses to the regulation of nanotechnologies ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/34844.

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Defence date: 29 September 2014
Examining Board: Professor Pepper D. Culpepper, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Adrienne Héritier, EUI (Co-supervisor); Professor Steven Casper, Keck Graduate Institute; Professor David Coen, University College London.
This thesis is an account of international efforts to assess and control the possible human health and environmental effects of nanotechnologies. I show how the desire to reap the benefits of nanotechnologies has led decision-makers in America and Europe to adopt very similar policy strategies. While political reactions thus are largely comparable, industry responses however differ remarkably. The diverging industry reactions to comparable state policies invite a closer inspection of the institutional drivers of business behavior in regulatory politics. I trace the roots of the varied business responses through two case studies that explore how the institutions and processes of national chemical control regimes link to the strategic risk-benefit calculations of companies. I examine the policies developed to regulate the risks of nanomaterials in Britain, Denmark, Germany and the United States and compare the role of industry in the four countries' regulatory processes. I argue that the capacity of state bureaucrats to credibly commit to regulatory outcomes shapes the political behavior of business. In areas of high scientific and technical uncertainty, such as nanotechnologies, new information can exercise significant influence on regulatory agendas, priorities and policies. This can work in industry's favor, if disclosing information succeeds in convincing state bureaucrats to make decisions that benefits industry. Companies will however only volunteer information about their operations if they are confident that it will not be used to the detriment of their interests. I demonstrate how concentration of regulatory powers in executive bureaucracies and deliberative institutions structure business expectations about the probable behavior of state authorities, and how such institutions can convince companies to entrust state bureaucrats with sensitive information. The thesis in short speaks to the significant business influence over the outcome of regulatory politics that flows from the power to disclose, bias and withhold information from state authorities.
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Livres sur le sujet "Nanotechnology – Social aspects"

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Bennett-Woods, Deb. Nanotechnology. London : Taylor and Francis, 2008.

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The social life of nanotechnology. New York : Routledge, 2012.

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National Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop (2003 Arlington, Va.). Nanotechnology : Societal implications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer, 2007.

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Nanotechnology : Ethical and social implications. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Richard, Jones, Geldart Alison et Economic and Social Research Council., dir. The social and economic challenges of nanotechnology. Swindon : Economic and Social Research Council, 2003.

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Deb, Bennet-Woods, dir. Nanotechnology : Ethics and society. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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Foster, Lynn E. Nanotechnology : Science, innovation, and opportunity. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall/Pearson Education, 2004.

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Nanotechnology : Science, innovation and opportunity. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall PTR, 2005.

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Fritz, Allhoff, dir. Nanotechnology : A maelstrom of ethical and social issues. Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley, 2007.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. The societal implications of nanotechnology : Hearing before the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, April 9, 2003. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nanotechnology – Social aspects"

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Berger, Francois, Sjef Gevers, Ludwig Siep et Klaus-Michael Weltring. « Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Brain-Implants Using Nano-Scale Materials and Techniques ». Dans Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future, 179–91. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1787-9_11.

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« Conclusion : Social Aspects of Nanotechnology ». Dans Nanotechnology, 169–71. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11849-11.

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Nerlich, Brigitte, et Szczepan Lemańczyk. « Nanotechnology : Social and Cultural Aspects ». Dans International Encyclopedia of the Social & ; Behavioral Sciences, 188–93. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.85056-4.

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Javier, Francisco, Ma Luisa, Paloma Gaton et Ruth Rojo. « Nanotechnology and Food Industry ». Dans Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/33458.

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Spring, Kathleen, et Klaus-Michael Weltring. « 11 Ethical and social aspects arising from nanomedicine in health care ». Dans Ethics in Nanotechnology, 247–58. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110701883-011.

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Parandian, Alireza. « Anticipating Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Emerging Technology Gaps in Innovation Chain ». Dans Nanotechnology and Human Health, 281–312. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15341-20.

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Cordeiro, Jose Luis. « Technological Convergence ». Dans Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 23–41. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch002.

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Technological convergence is accelerating and allowing humanity to move from slow and erratic biological evolution to fast and precise technological evolution. The expression “emerging technologies” is used to cover new and potentially powerful fields such as biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology. Although the expression might be somewhat ambiguous, several clusters of different technologies are advancing exponentially and will be critical to humanity's future. NBIC is a common abbreviation that stands for nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science. Other technologies like robotics, quantum computing, and space technologies can be added towards an accelerating “technological convergence” that might lead to a “technological singularity” as proposed by US engineer and futurist Ray Kurzweil. According to Kurzweil, we will reach a “technological singularity” by 2045, when we will be able to transcend many of our current limitations and move from biological humans to technological transhumans, both on planet Earth and beyond.
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Hollander, Rachelle D. « Social Aspects of Nanotechnology. National Science Foundation (NSF) Initiatives and Developments ». Dans Assessing Societal Implications of Converging Technological Development, 289–302. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845271118-289.

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« - Anticipating Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Emerging Technology Gaps in Innovation Chain : The Case of Body Area Networks ». Dans Nanotechnology and Human Health, 294–325. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15341-16.

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Walker, Mark. « Privacy vs. Security ». Dans Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 245–57. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6122-6.ch016.

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This chapter bridges the dilemma created by intrusive surveillance technologies needed to safeguard people's security and the potential negative consequences such technologies might have on individual privacy. It begins by highlighting recent tensions between concerns for privacy and security. Next, it notes the increasing threat to human life posed by emerging technologies (e.g., genetic engineering and nanotechnology). The chapter then turns to a potential technological means to mitigate some of this threat, namely ubiquitous microscopic sensors. One consequence of the deployment of such technology appears to be an erosion of personal privacy on a scale hitherto unimaginable. It is then argued that many details of an individual's private life are actually irrelevant for security purposes and that it may be possible to develop technology to mask these details in the data gleaned from surveillance devices. Such a development could meet some, perhaps many, of the concerns about privacy. It is also argued that if it is possible to use technology to mask personal information, this may actually promote the goal of security, since it is conjectured that the public is likely to be more willing to accept invasive technology if it is designed to mask such details. Finally, some applications to society's current uses of surveillance technology are drawn. Policy recommendations for surveillance organizations such as the National Security Agency are briefly canvassed.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Nanotechnology – Social aspects"

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Zhang, Chun-Fa, Jiang-Jiang Wang, You-Yin Jing et Xu-Tao Zhang. « An Integrated Evaluation Method for Energy Supply System ». Dans ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54041.

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The introduction of sustainable energy systems is strongly associated to what choices real estate owners make among different energy supply system options. This paper reviews briefly the evaluation criteria and methods of energy supply system, from technical, economical, environmental and social aspects. A new methodology for the integrated evaluation of the energy supply system’s feasibility is presented, which adopts the grey relational analysis method. As an example, three energy supply systems to provide cooling, heating and power to users are synthetically evaluated and compared in multi-criteria. The weights, used in multi-criteria evaluation, is discussed and suggested. The results prove that the grey relational analysis is an effective tool for decision making compared to single criteria evaluation.
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Inshyna, Nataliia, et Inna Chorna. « Ethical and Societal Aspects of Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine ». Dans 2022 IEEE 12th International Conference Nanomaterials : Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap55339.2022.9934298.

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Bing, Wei, et Li Li. « Optimization for Heating System Schemes Based on GRA Method ». Dans ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54080.

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In China, the overall economical performances of heating systems are not very high, there are still some problems of high energy consumption, high gas emission and low heat utilization. The energy conversation and emission reduction are two most important things. The option of the heating system schemes is the key to improve such situation. An optimal heating scheme will be a good beginning to the whole heating system. In this paper, the GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) method is introduced and used, and with the example of a heating district, the most used and upcoming used heating schemes are listed, calculated and compared by using the method of GRA. The option of a heating system scheme is a typical multi-objective decision-making problem. The schemes are the district boiler heating system (including gas-fired, oil-fired, and coal-fired boilers), solar energy heat pump system and combined heating and power system etc. In the process of optimization calculation, the aspects of energy saving, economics benefit, environment benefit and social benefit are concerned about, and the initial cost, operating cost, employment life, environment influence and system reliability are taken into account. According to the calculation results, combined heating and power system is proposed to be optimal heating system scheme.
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