Bibliographies thématiques / Nanomaterials - Photo Driven Devices

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Nanomaterials - Photo Driven Devices »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 7 septembre 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Nanomaterials - Photo Driven Devices"

Saha, Sourav, et J. Fraser Stoddart. « Photo-driven molecular devices ». Chem. Soc. Rev. 36, n^o 1 (2007) : 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b607187b.

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You, Liwen. « Integrated Photo - rechargeable Batteries : Photoactive Nanomaterials and Opportunities ». E3S Web of Conferences 375 (2023) : 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337502010.

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The demand for fossil fuels has been increasing over the last few decades but will one day be depleted and researchers are now using biomass to alleviate the fuel crisis. This paper concentrates on a range of current devices with intrinsic solar energy collection, conversion and storage properties, different classes of cells as well as their areas of application and recent research advances. Nanomaterials, meanwhile, are key to making significant progress in the study of photovoltaic electrodes for solar rechargeable batteries, and this paper describes seven currently commonly used semiconductor and nanomaterials. This not only alleviates the severe environmental pollution and greenhouse effect caused by fossil fuels, but also makes a significant contribution to the sustainability of human existence.

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Bouzin, Margaux, Amirbahador Zeynali, Mario Marini, Laura Sironi, Riccardo Scodellaro, Laura D’Alfonso, Maddalena Collini et Giuseppe Chirico. « Multiphoton Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Photo-Activable Biomaterials ». Sensors 21, n^o 17 (1 septembre 2021) : 5891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175891.

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The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.

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Zheng, Shuo, Walter W. Duley, Peng Peng et Norman Zhou. « Laser modification of Au–CuO–Au structures for improved electrical and electro-optical properties ». Nanotechnology 33, n^o 24 (25 mars 2022) : 245205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5b52.

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Abstract CuO nanomaterials are one of the metal-oxides that received extensive investigations in recent years due to their versatility for applications in high-performance nano-devices. Tailoring the device performance through the engineering of properties in the CuO nanomaterials thus attracted lots of effort. In this paper, we show that nanosecond (ns) laser irradiation is effective in improving the electrical and optoelectrical properties in the copper oxide nanowires (CuO NWs). We find that ns laser irradiation can achieve joining between CuO NWs and interdigital gold electrodes. Meanwhile, the concentration and type of point defects in CuO can be controlled by ns laser irradiation as well. An increase in the concentration of defect centers, together with a reduction in the potential energy barrier at the Au/CuO interfaces due to laser irradiation increases electrical conductivity and enhances photo-conductivity. We demonstrate that the enhanced electrical and photo-conductivity achieved through ns laser irradiation can be beneficial for applications such as resistive switching and photo-detection.

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Comparelli, Roberto. « Special Issue : Application of Photoactive Nanomaterials in Degradation of Pollutants ». Materials 12, n^o 15 (2 août 2019) : 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152459.

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Photoactive nanomaterials are receiving increasing attention due to their potential application to light-driven degradation of water and gas-phase pollutants. However, to exploit the strong potential of photoactive materials and access their properties require a fine tuning of their size/shape dependent chemical-physical properties and on the ability to integrate them in photo-reactors or to deposit them on large surfaces. Therefore, the synthetic approach, as well as post-synthesis manipulation could strongly affect the final photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials. The potential application of photoactive nanomaterials in the environmental field includes the abatement of organic pollutant in water, water disinfection, and abatement of gas-phase pollutants in outdoor and indoor applications.

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Nikić, Marta, Aleksandar Opančar, Florian Hartmann, Ludovico Migliaccio, Marie Jakešová, Eric Daniel Głowacki et Vedran Đerek. « Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces ». Nanotechnology 33, n^o 24 (23 mars 2022) : 245302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5927.

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Abstract Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device’s bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant—all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device—an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible micropyramid-shaped foil was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon moulds containing arrays of inverted micropyramids, followed by a peel-off procedure. The capacitive current delivered by the devices showed a strong dependency on the underlying spatial structure. The device performance was evaluated by numerical modelling. We propose that the developed numerical model can be used as a basis for the design of future functional 3D design of opto-bioelectronic devices and electrodes.

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Kirner, Simon, Peter Bogdanoff, Bernd Stannowski, Roel van de Krol, Bernd Rech et Rutger Schlatmann. « Architectures for scalable integrated photo driven catalytic devices-A concept study ». International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, n^o 45 (décembre 2016) : 20823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.088.

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Zhang, Li-De, et Xiao-Sheng Fang. « Controlled Growth and Characterization Methods of Semiconductor Nanomaterials ». Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2008) : 149–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.n02.

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One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanomaterials attract much attention because they are ideal systems for investigation and studying the relationship between properties and structures and having extensive application future in the high technical field. They are expected to play an important role in fabrication of the next generation nanocircuits, nanotools, nanowires lasers, photon tunneling devices, near-field photo-waveguide devices, etc. This article described controlled growth, characterization of structures and morphologies and properties of 1D semiconductor nanomaterials based on our previous works. This article is organized into two parts: The first part is complicated nanostructures of semiconductors, which includes coaxial nanocables, heterostructure nanowires and nanowires with metal–semiconductor junction behavior, hierarchical structures, doping of the nanowires and nanobelts, porous materials and periodically twined nanowires and asymmetrical polytypic nanobelts. The second part contains semiconductor nanoarrays based on anodic alumina membrane (AAM) templates. Finally, we propose that further investigation of the influence of nanomaterial morphologies on properties and how to design the morphology of nanostructures to meet the property requirements of nanodevices are our future research directions in this field.

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Saleh, Hosam M., et Amal I. Hassan. « Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials for Application in Cost-Effective Electrochemical Devices ». Sustainability 15, n^o 14 (11 juillet 2023) : 10891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410891.

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Nanomaterials have gained significant attention as a remarkable class of materials due to their unique properties and the fact that they encompass a wide range of samples with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The deliberate design of nanoparticles enables the achievement of extremely large surface areas. In the field of cost-effective electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion applications, nanomaterials have emerged as a key area of research. Their exceptional physical and chemical properties have led to extensive investigations aimed at improving the performance and cost-effectiveness of electrochemical devices, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. The continuous development and enhancement of these high-performance materials are driven by the demand for enhanced productivity, connectivity, and sustainability at a reduced cost. This review focuses on the electrochemical performance of electrodes, energy storage, and electrochemical sensors (ES) based on nanotechnology. It discusses the application of nanotechnology in electrochemistry for water purification and the fate of substances in water, while also introducing green nanotechnology and cost-effective, high-fidelity product creation through electrochemical methods. The study emphasizes the synthesis of novel nanomaterials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and MXenes, with applications in electrochemical devices. Furthermore, it explores the integration of nanostructures with electrochemical systems in economically significant and future applications, along with the challenges faced by nanotechnology-based industries. The paper also explores the interplay between nanomaterials and biosensors, which play a vital role in electrochemical devices. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of nanomaterials in the development of cost-effective electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion. It highlights the need for further research in this rapidly evolving field and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in the latest advancements in nanomaterials for electrochemical devices.

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Grabowski, Przemysław, Jakub Haberko et Piotr Wasylczyk. « Photo-Mechanical Response Dynamics of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Linear Actuators ». Materials 13, n^o 13 (30 juin 2020) : 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132933.

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With continuous miniaturization of many technologies, robotics seems to be lagging behind. While the semiconductor technologies operate confidently at the nanometer scale and micro-mechanics of simple structures (MEMS) in micrometers, autonomous devices are struggling to break the centimeter barrier and have hardly colonized smaller scales. One way towards miniaturization of robots involves remotely powered, light-driven soft mechanisms based on photo-responsive materials, such as liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). While several simple devices have been demonstrated with contracting, bending, twisting, or other, more complex LCE actuators, only their simple behavior in response to light has been studied. Here we characterize the photo-mechanical response of a linear light-driven LCE actuator by measuring its response to laser beams with varying power, pulse duration, pulse energy, and the energy spatial distribution. Light absorption decrease in the actuator over time is also measured. These results are at the foundation of further development of soft, light-driven miniature mechanisms and micro-robots.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Nanomaterials - Photo Driven Devices"

Amdeha, Enas. « Smart Nanomaterials for Photo-Catalytic Applications ». Dans Diversity and Applications of New Age Nanoparticles, 112–54. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7358-0.ch005.

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Smart nanomaterials are grabbing more significant attention. Photocatalysts are catalysts that can be stimuli by light with an appropriate wavelength. Photocatalysis is deemed to be a promising approach for the utilization of photo energy and has been extensively studied for many processes. Therefore, the synthesis of nanomaterials with tailored-made catalytic characteristics, are of great importance. For applications using visible light and hence solar energy, the modification of photocatalysts can occur via the formation of heterojunction nanocomposites by inhibiting the recombination of charge carriers. These applications are driven by solar energy, which is conducive to the sustainable development of energy resources with no impact on the environment. This chapter will include recent enhancements in the smart nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications, especially in the fields of removing environmental pollutants, self-cleaning surfaces, water splitting for hydrogen production to provide clean fuel resources, selective alcohol oxidation and CO2 reduction in the environment.

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Wu, Fan, He Tian et Tian-Ling Ren. « Novel photoelectroactive memories and neuromorphic devices based on nanomaterials ». Dans Photo-Electroactive Nonvolatile Memories for Data Storage and Neuromorphic Computing, 201–22. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819717-2.00009-6.

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Gayen, Rabindra N., Venkata Sai Avvaru et Vinodkumar Etacheri. « Carbon-based integrated devices for efficient photo-energy conversion and storage ». Dans Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, 357–74. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814083-3.00014-7.

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Parashar, Ashish K., Preeti Patel, Monika Kaurav, Krishna Yadav, Dilpreet Singh, G. D. Gupta et Balak Das Kurmi. « Nanomaterials as Diagnostic Tools and Drug Carriers ». Dans Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers-Based Pharmaceutical Formulations, 126–56. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049787122010007.

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Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field of study that bridges chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. The utilization of the nanotechnological approach for the development of theranostic nanocarrier system is capable of being loaded as drug therapy/delivery and diagnostic vehicles/means. A very recent term, theranostic nanomedicine, has gained much attention as a favorable model for various types of progressive disease. Theranostic nanocarriers' strategy utilizes the diagnostic excellence mediated treatment of such illnesses that required individual therapy, such as in cancer. These can impart an essential role in improving public health regarding high-stress lifestyle-related challenges in diabetes, asthma, cancer, hypertension, and many infectious diseases, as the diagnosis of these circumstances and the treatment strategy, are also possible with biomedical applications of these nanomaterials. It includes benefits from both worlds: highly powerful nanocarriers to drug delivery and diagnosis spawned the concept, enabling the emergence of personalized medicine. This chapter discusses the state of various nanocarriers' art in the form of NPs and nanodevices applications in medical diagnosis and disease treatments. It presents key insights and current advancements into the intriguing biomedical applications of NPs, including bioimaging of biological surroundings and their significance as a critical early detection tool for various diseases. It also describes their types and limitations concerning conventional means. The topic has attracted significant attention and interest as diagnostic and treating nanocarriers' can target various illnesses faced by the healthcare providers suggested by several researchers over the past decade. Additionally, with recent advances in nanoscience and nanoscale materials, the creation of different diagnostic or therapeutic devices is also discussed briefly. Along with nanocarrier systems' therapeutic and diagnostic aims, physicochemical advantages even considerable potential to be studied concerning health system, which is useful for protecting active drug molecules from degradation, targeted and site-specific drug deliveries are also discussed. Despite the numerous technological, scientific, regulatory, and legal hurdles that nanomedicine faces, researchers are driven to develop new medications and nanomedicine devices. As a result, the development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery and diagnostic devices could help improve patient comfort and convenience while also lowering treatment costs.

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Aamir Iqbal, Muhammad, Maria Malik, Wajeehah Shahid, Waqas Ahmad, Kossi A. A. Min-Dianey et Phuong V. Pham. « Plasmonic 2D Materials : Overview, Advancements, Future Prospects and Functional Applications ». Dans Nanostructured Materials - Classification, Growth, Simulation, Characterization, and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101580.

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Plasmonics is a technologically advanced term in condensed matter physics that describes surface plasmon resonance where surface plasmons are collective electron oscillations confined at the dielectric-metal interface and these collective excitations exhibit profound plasmonic properties in conjunction with light interaction. Surface plasmons are based on nanomaterials and their structures; therefore, semiconductors, metals, and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibit distinct plasmonic effects due to unique confinements. Recent technical breakthroughs in characterization and material manufacturing of two-dimensional ultra-thin materials have piqued the interest of the materials industry because of their extraordinary plasmonic enhanced characteristics. The 2D plasmonic materials have great potential for photonic and optoelectronic device applications owing to their ultra-thin and strong light-emission characteristics, such as; photovoltaics, transparent electrodes, and photodetectors. Also, the light-driven reactions of 2D plasmonic materials are environmentally benign and climate-friendly for future energy generations which makes them extremely appealing for energy applications. This chapter is aimed to cover recent advances in plasmonic 2D materials (graphene, graphene oxides, hexagonal boron nitride, pnictogens, MXenes, metal oxides, and non-metals) as well as their potential for applied applications, and is divided into several sections to elaborate recent theoretical and experimental developments along with potential in photonics and energy storage industries.

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Li, Yujie, Jie Wang, Shijie Wang, Di Li, Shan Song, Peng Zhang, Jianguo Li et Hai Yuan. « Immiscible Two-Phase Parallel Microflow and Its Applications in Fabricating Micro- and Nanomaterials ». Dans Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 200–224. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch009.

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The immiscible two-phase flow behaves nonlinearly, and it is a challenging task to control and stabilize the liquid-liquid interface. Parallel flow forms under a proper balance between the driving force, the friction resistance, and the interfacial tension. The liquid-solid interaction as well as the liquid-liquid interaction plays an important role in manipulating the liquid-liquid interface. With vacuum-driven flow, long and stable parallel flow is possible to be obtained in oil-water systems and can be used for fabricating micro- and nanomaterials. Ultra-small Cu nanoparticles of 4~10 nm were synthesized continuously through chemical reactions taking place on the interface. This makes it possible for in situ synthesis of conductive nanoink avoiding oxidation. Well-controlled interface reactions can also be used to produce ultra-long sub-micro Cu wires up to 10 mm at room temperature. This method provided new and simple additive fabrication methods for making integrated microfluidic devices.

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Li, Yujie, Jie Wang, Shijie Wang, Di Li, Shan Song, Peng Zhang, Jianguo Li et Hai Yuan. « Immiscible Two-Phase Parallel Microflow and Its Applications in Fabricating Micro- and Nanomaterials ». Dans Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering, 136–66. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7138-4.ch005.

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Zhang, Yiming, Yuanfeng Xu, Yujie Xia, Juan Zhang, Hao Zhang et Desheng Fu. « Photo-Induced Displacive Phase Transition in Two-dimensional MoTe₂ from First-Principle Calculations ». Dans Phase Change Materials - Technology and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108460.

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The discovery and control of new phases of matter are a central endeavor in materials research. Phase transition in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been achieved through laser irradiation, strain engineering, electrostatic doping, and controlled chemical vapor deposition growth, and laser irradiation is considered as a fast and clean technique for triggering phase transition. By using first-principles calculations, we predict that the monolayer MoTe2 exhibits a photo-induced phase transition (PIPT) from the semiconducting 2H phase to the topological 1T′ phase. The purely electronic excitations by photon soften multiple lattice vibrational modes and lead to structural symmetry breaking within sub-picosecond timescales, which is shorter than the timescale of a thermally driven phase transition, enabling a controllable phase transition by means of photons. This finding provides deep insight into the underlying physics of the phase transition in 2D transition-metal ditellurides and show an ultrafast phase-transition mechanism for manipulation of the topological properties of 2D systems. More importantly, our finding opens a new avenue to discover the new families of PIPT materials that are very limited at present but are essential to design the next generation of devices operated at ultrafast speed.

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Quazi, Sameer, Javed Ahmad Malik, Aman Prakash et Pragalbh Tiwari. « Nano(bio)sensors in Detection of Micropollutants ». Dans Implications of Nanoecotoxicology on Environmental Sustainability, 76–101. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5533-3.ch005.

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The introduction of nanomaterials in biosensing technology has widened the applications of nano biosensors in several fields as in the precise detection of micropollutants. A huge burden has been driven out by the micropollutants in an environment that has resulted in an alarming situation for scientists to discover innovative methods for the precise or accurate detection of micropollutants that provides sensitivity and specificity at the same time. Apart from conventionally available methods, nano biosensors provide real-time analysis and high-frequency monitoring of pollutants without much sample preparation. Nano biosensors can detect and manipulate atoms or molecules by use of nanodevices resulting in the development of biosensor devices which in turn interact with small molecules named micropollutants. This chapter aims to glance over the advancement in the fields of nano biosensors-based functionalized nanoparticles, nanotubes, or nanowires and their interaction with biorecognition materials such as enzymes, antibodies, or aptamers for the detection of aptamers.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Nanomaterials - Photo Driven Devices"

Park, Cheolmin. « Solution-processed low dimensional nanomaterials with self-assembled polymers for flexible photo-electronic devices (Presentation Recording) ». Dans SPIE Nanoscience + Engineering, sous la direction de Norihisa Kobayashi, Fahima Ouchen et Ileana Rau. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2190637.

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Barhorst, A. A., O. P. Harrison et G. D. Bachand. « Modeling Elasto-Mechanical Phenomena Involved in the Motor-Driven Assembly of Nanomaterials ». Dans ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34175.

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As the ability to manipulate materials and components at the nanoscale continues to grow, it will become increasingly critical to understand the dynamic interactions that occur among multiple components. For example, the dynamic interactions among proteins (i.e., nanoscale molecular machines) lead to complex, emergent behaviors such as photosynthesis, self-repair, and cell division. Recently, the research group at Sandia National Labs and The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), headed by George Bachand, has developed a molecular transport system capable of transporting and manipulating a wide range of nanoscale components. This system is based on the kinesin motor molecule and cytoskeletal filament microtubules (MTs), in which the kinesin are mounted to a substrate in an inverted fashion, and capable of binding and transporting the MTs across a surface as a molecular shuttle. In the presence of ATP, the kinesins are capable of generating ∼40 pN·nm of work, and transporting MTs along the substrate at velocities of ∼1 micro-m/sec. The MTs may also serve as a transport platform for various inorganic and biological nanoparticles. During transport, the cargo is transferred, via elastic collisions, from one MT to another or to where two MT carry a single cargo. Bending of the MT and various other elasto-dynamic phenomena such as particle ejection, MT sticking, etc are observed via fluorescence microscopy. The interaction observed by the Bachand team is not unlike the interaction of macroscale devices. The kinesin provide motivation to the MT via a hand-over-hand ratchet like motion driven by ATP hydrolysis. As the kinesin motor domains come into contact with and bind the MT, it is not inconceivable to think of this action from the framework of instantly applied constraints in a manner similar to the macroscopic action of devices coming into and out of constrained interaction. The hypothesis of our work is that the elasto-dynamic phenomenon observed can be modeled with the tools of multiple body dynamics modeling. The modeling perspective is based on the lead author’s hybrid parameter multiple body dynamics modeling methodology. This technique is a variational approach based on the projection methods of Gibbs-Appell. The constrained interaction through contact and impact are modeled with the idea of instantly applied non-holonomic constraints, where the interactions on the boundaries and in the domain of elastic continua are modeled via projections of the d’Alembert force deficit along conjugate directions generated via so called pseudo-generalized-speeds. In this paper we present motivation for our approach, the underlying modeling theory, and current results of our efforts at understanding the kinesin/MT shuttle system interaction.

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Kawazu, T., T. Noda et Y. Sakuma. « Photo-induced Current in n-AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Field-effect Transistor Driven by Local Illumination at Edge Regions of Schottky Metal Gate ». Dans 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.n-3-03.

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Scheideler, William, et Vivek Subramanian. « Improving High-Speed Nanomaterials Printing With Sub-Process-Decoupled Gravure Printer Design ». Dans ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3907.

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Printing technologies are attractive methods for high-throughput additive manufacturing of nanomaterials-based thin film electronics. Roll-to-roll (R2R) compatible techniques such as gravure printing can operate at high-speed (1–10 m/s) and high-resolution (< 10 μm) to drive down manufacturing costs and produce higher quality flexible electronic devices. However, large-scale deployment of printed wireless sensors, flexible displays, and wearable electronics, will require greater understanding of the printing physics of nanomaterial-based inks in order to improve the resolution, reliability, and uniformity of printed systems. In this study, we designed and constructed a custom sheet-fed gravure printer which features registered multilayer printing for nanomaterial exploration and thin film device development. The design allows precise, independent control of the speeds and forces of each of the subprocesses of gravure (ink filling, wiping, and transfer), enabling novel experimental controls for dissecting the printing process fluid mechanics. We use these new capabilities to investigate the primary artifacts which distort printed nanomaterial patterns, such as dragout tails, edge roughness, and pinholes. These artifacts are studied as a function of print parameters such as contact pressure, wiping speed, and transfer speed, by printing silver nanoparticle ink to form continuous features with dimensions in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm. We found that the contact mechanics of the ink transfer process have a strong influence on the formation of dragout artifacts, indicating the presence of a transfer-driven squeezing flow which distorts the trailing edges of features. By engineering the transfer contact mechanics with varying rubber substrate backing stiffness, we found it is also possible to suppress this artifact formation for a particular nanomaterial ink. The improved areal uniformity and print quality achieved using these methods highlight the potential for gravure printing to be a versatile nano-manufacturing tool for patterning a variety of thin film smart materials. We also hope that the open-source printer designs presented here can serve to accelerate the development of high-speed nanomaterial printing.

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Woodward, T. K., B. Tell, W. H. Knox, J. B. Stark et M. T. Asom. « Low-Responsivity GaAs/AlAs Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Modulators ». Dans Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.ptua.2.

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Absorption-based light modulators are attractive because they can be made compact and in high densities, operating with light normal to the plane of the device. The intrinsic power dissipation of such a modulator is simply the absorbed optical power, which (neglecting radiative recombination) must be dissipated in the device. However, most of the total dissipation in electrically-driven multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators operating with light incident normal to the device plane is non-intrinsic, resulting from motion of photo-generated carriers in externally applied electric fields. For example, in a pin MQW device biased to 5 V, motion of photo-generated electron-hole pairs through the total potential= V + V bi deposits about 6.3 eV of energy, 5 eV of which is non-intrinsic. Minimizing the overall dissipation in these devices is important, because it ultimately determines the packing density and the maximum optical input power.

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Rahman, Mosfequr, Masud Nawaz et John E. Jackson. « Experimental Investigation on the Use of Photostrictive Optical Actuator for MEMS Devices and Verification With the FEA Modeling Results ». Dans ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65581.

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Photostrictive materials are lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti) O3 ceramics doped with WO3, called PLZT, exhibit large photostriction under uniform illumination of high-energy light. Photostrictive materials are ferrodielectric ceramics that have a photostrictive effect. Photostriction arises from a superposition of the photovoltaic effect, i.e. the generation of large voltage from the irradiation of light, and the converse-piezoelectric effect, i.e. expansion or contraction under the voltage applied. When non-centrosymmetric materials, such as ferroelectric single crystals or polarized ferroelectric ceramics, are uniformly illuminated, a high voltage, considerably exceeding the band gap energy, is generated. Along with this photovoltage, mechanical strain is also induced due to the converse piezoelectric effect. Photostrictive materials offer the potential for actuators with many advantages over traditional transducing electromechanical actuators made of shape memory alloys and electroceramics (piezoelectric and electrostrictive). Drawback of traditional actuators is that they require hard-wired connections to transmit the control signals which introduce electrical noise into the control signals; on the other hand PLZT actuators offer non-contact actuation, remote control, and immune from electric/magnetic disturbances. Some experimental research has been conducted on the use of PLZT materials, such as optical motor as an electromechanical device suitable for miniaturization, micro-waking machine, photo driven relay device using PLZT bimorphs and high speed (less than 10 ns), low-voltage, low power consumption optical switch. Authors have developed a computational method and implemented in an in-house finite element code which will be useful for designing systems incorporating thin film photostrictive actuators. The purpose of this current research work is to design and develop an experimental test set-up for photostriction effect measurement of PLZT thin film of different thickness, size and location on silicon wafer as smart beams, which may be useful for various MEMS device as optical actuator. The experimental results will be verified by comparing with the FEA modeling results.

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