Thèses sur le sujet « Music digital librarie »

This Thesis discusses the development of technologies for the automatic resynthesis of music recordings using digital synthesizers. First, the main issue is identified in the understanding of how Music Information Processing (MIP) methods can take into consideration the influence of the acoustic context on the music performance. For this, a novel conceptual and mathematical framework named “Music Interpretation Analysis” (MIA) is presented. In the proposed framework, a distinction is made between the “performance” – the physical action of playing – and the “interpretation” – the action that the performer wishes to achieve. Second, the Thesis describes further works aiming at the democratization of music production tools via automatic resynthesis: 1) it elaborates software and file formats for historical music archiving and multimodal machine-learning datasets; 2) it explores and extends MIP technologies; 3) it presents the mathematical foundations of the MIA framework and shows preliminary evaluations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach

Professional development is an integral part of one's career, providing opportunities for growth, reflection, and improving practices. In the field of piano pedagogy, most teachers work independently, often providing instruction from their home, therefore finding appropriate professional development opportunities may be limited by proximity (both in terms of time and physical distance) as well as financial constraints. To meet this need, an on-line digital video library of piano teaching (DVL) was developed and a multiple-case-study methodology was employed to examine the experiences of five piano teachers as they interacted with this tool for four weeks. Findings from this study indicated that viewing the DVL was a beneficial professional development activity, which facilitated teacher learning that could be immediately carried over into their teaching situation resulting in increased student success. Keywords. professional development, piano pedagogy, digital video library, asynchronous distance education

Since the 1970s, music librarians have been discussing the challenges of cataloging music media. In the 1990s, they began work on a Music Thesaurus to provide a multi-faceted approach to indexing, cataloging, and retrieving music media. In 1999 Indiana University proposed a digital music library, to allow for better indexing and retrieval in addition to content-based music retrieval. In 2000, a commercial venture, The Music Genome Project ©, began cataloging sound recordings of popular music by hundreds of musical characteristics and has created a user interface that allows listeners to enter the title and artist of a certain piece of music and receive recommendations for similar music to then purchase via Pandora.com. The following paper will address the question: how might current analyzing and classifying methods be used to provide additional indexing that facilitates retrieval and use of sound recordings by special populations, specifically professionals treating children with Asperger’s syndrome?

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sound sample libraries represent the format in which huge collections of sampled sounds are made available for use within digital samplers and/or other digital audio workstations (DAW’s). Although in use for many years, little or no academic research has been done on the methodology of compiling a commercial sound sample library. In this endeavour, the factors influencing the design, recording and publishing of a sound sample library are investigated through the actual design of a drum sample library. The rationale behind the sampling of a drum kit is carefully depicted in the light of various other factors influencing the instrument, as well as being influenced by the instrument itself. A professional drummer was engaged to play a state-of-the art Gretsch acoustic drum kit. Samples of the kit, consisting of various individual instrument parts, were recorded in three locations within the Konservatorium of Stellenbosch University, for reasons carefully explained in the text. These numerous drum hits were mixed and cut into individual drum samples. The samples were mapped into a digital software sampler, GigaStudio, creating five distinct collections of drum samples that faithfully represent the quality of the drum kit, the recording rooms as well as the equipment used in the process. The outcome of the study is a professional product in the form of a Gretsch drum sample collection, prepared for commercial release. Many of the drum samples have already been used successfully in commercial music releases over the past 12 months. Whilst the drum sample library is currently being published, the product and documentation clearly depict the viability of the study in terms of the artistic and academic expectations that have been met. The study anticipates future research on the subject.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klankbiblioteke heet die formaat waarin versamelings van klankmonsters beskikbaar gestel word vir gebruik in digitale samplers1 en/of ander digitale klankprogrammatuur. Nieteenstaande die feit dat klankbiblioteke reeds jare in gebruik is, is geen studie waarin die ontwerp en saamstel van so ‘n biblioteek beskryf word, bekend nie. In hierdie navorsingsprojek word die faktore wat die ontwerp, opneem en vrystelling van ‘n klankbiblioteek beïnvloed bestudeer deur die skep van so ‘n biblioteek. Die oorwegings vir die keuse van ‘n tromstel is noukeurig uiteengesit in die lig van die faktore wat betrekking het tot, en wederkerig beïnvloed is deur die instrument en opname-omgewing. ‘n Professionele tromspeler is vir die projekdoeleindes gekontrakteer om ‘n Gretsch akoestiese tromstel te speel. Klankmonsters van die tromstel se individuele komponente is in drie lokale binne die Konservatorium van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch opgeneem, met redes soos uiteengestip in die teks. Klankopnames van die talle tromslae is gemeng en opgesny in individuele klankmonsters. Laasgenoemde is in GigaStudio, ‘n digitale sagteware sampler, gekarteer sodat vyf duidelik-onderskeibare klankveramelings geskep is. Hierdie versamelings lig die kwaliteit van die tromstel asook die verskeie opnamelokale en toerusting wat gebruik is duidelik uit. Die resultaat van die studie is ‘n professionele produk in die vorm van ‘n Gretsch kommersiële klankbiblioteek, waarvan verskeie klankmonsters reeds oor die afgelope 12 maande in plaaslike musiekvrystellings gebruik is. Hoewel die klankbiblioteek huidiglik vrygestel word, toon die produk en dokumentasie duidelik die artistiese en tegniese waardigheid van die studie. Die studie antisipeer toekomstige navorsings-moontlikhede wat uit die onderwerp mag voortspruit.

In this thesis, the author explored an alternative way of composing contemporary western art music, being inspired by thoughts regarding post-genre. The composition method incorporated the use of the Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software Cubase. Musical gestures were recorded with two musicians which where used as samples in the DAW to compose the piece Lines. The role of the score was shifted by moving it’s realisation to after the aural result was completed. The process was inspiring and was perceived to work well for a textural piece of music. Using a DAW when composing contemporary western art music is something that could be explored by classically trained composers in favour of working solely in a notation software. The result was the digitally made recording of Lines and two scores; one aimed to reproduce the recorded version (where only violin and violoncello where used) and another where adjustments where made, mainly in the instrumentation, to facilitate live performances by string orchestras.

Der Aufsatz diskutiert Normdaten zu musikalischen Werken in der GND und erörtert Möglichkeiten ihrer (Nach-)Nutzung in bibliothekarischen und musikwissenschaftlichen Kontexten. Herausforderungen sowohl des theoretischen Konzepts als der praktischen Umsetzung werden benannt und das Potenzial der in den Normdaten enthaltenen Informationen wird aufgezeigt.
The paper discusses conceptual matters and implementation practices for authority information for musical works in the German authority file (GND). Options of re-use of the authority data in libraries as well as in musicological contexts are introduced. Challenges of theoretical concepts as well as practical realization are shown and potentials of information included in authority files are demonstrated.

Abstract This study addresses the justifications of the duration of copyright, the revenue-generating models in the music business, and the availability of digital music in Finland. The first goal was to understand how different stakeholders in the music industry relate to copyright and how they justify what they consider the optimal duration. The second goal was to map out the revenue-generating models in the music industry at a time when the consumption of music has changed from analogue to digital formats, from physical products to streaming services. The third goal was to find out the different ways in which digital music is available on the internet in Finland. The research material consists of survey research, half-structured theme interviews and documentary material. The applied research methods are theory- and material-based content analysis. The theoretical approaches utilized are the theory of justice by John Rawls, the theory of hegemony by Antonio Gramsci, the classical communication model by Roman Jakobson, and power theory by Lawrence Lessig. It uses as its interpretational theory the model of justification of copyright by Laura Leppämäki. The results state the following: The most common justification provided for the optimal duration of copyright is utilitarianism – advantage to society as a whole. The same justification is given by stakeholders who want to keep the duration as it stands, and also by those who wish to shorten it. Another common justification is to see copyright as a natural item of ownership, claimed by work, and especially as a subject of inheritance, preferably for two subsequent generations. The problems concerning the revenue-generating models in the digital world tend to focus on distribution of income on three different levels: record contracts; the distribution models of the streaming companies; and contracts between content sharing companies, record companies and rights organizations. The authors and artists have the weakest bargaining position in the negotiations. The results on availability of digital music show that digital music can be discovered via public services (music libraries), commercial services (streaming companies), and ad hoc societal services (peer-to-peer networks). The role of music libraries as a content provider has decreased since the majority of music consumption has altered to digital services
Tiivistelmä Tutkimus käsittelee musiikin tekijänoikeuden keston perusteluja, musiikkialan ansaintalogiikoita ja digitaalisten musiikkiaineistojen saatavuutta Suomessa. Tarkoituksena oli hahmottaa, miten musiikkiteollisuuden eri osapuolet suhtautuvat tekijänoikeuteen ja miten ne perustelevat tekijänoikeuksien optimaalista kestoa. Tavoitteena oli myös kartoittaa musiikkialan ansaintalogiikat, jotka ovat muuttuneet siirryttäessä analogisesta musiikin kulutuksesta digitaaliseen musiikin kulutukseen, ennen kaikkea suoratoistopalveluihin. Kolmantena tehtävänä oli selvittää, millä tavoilla digitaalista musiikkia on saatavilla internetin välityksellä Suomessa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu kyselytutkimuksesta, puolistrukturoiduista teemahaastatteluista sekä dokumenttiaineistosta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin sekä teoria- että aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksessa sovellettuja teorioita ovat John Rawlsin oikeudenmukaisuusteoria, Antonio Gramscin hegemoniateoria, Roman Jakobsonin klassinen kommunikaatiomalli ja Lawrence Lessigin valtateoria. Tutkimus käyttää tekijänoikeuksia koskevan tutkimuskysymyksen kohdalla tulkintateoriana Laura Leppämäen esittämää mallia oikeuksien perusteluista. Tutkimuksen tuloksena on, että sekä tekijänoikeuden nykyistä kestoa että sen lyhentämistä perustellaan ennen kaikkea utilitarismilla. Toinen keskeinen perustelukeino oli työn kautta teoksiin saatava omistusoikeus ja tämän omistusoikeuden kautta tarjoutuva mahdollisuus oikeuksien jättämiseen perintönä tekijän jälkipolville. Ansaintalogiikoiden kohdalla esiin nousi digitaalisesta myynnistä generoituvien tulojen jakamiseen liittyvät ongelmat, joita esiintyy niin musiikintekijöiden ja levy-yhtiöiden välisissä sopimuksissa, suoratoistopalvelujen sisäisissä maksumalleissa kuin internetin alustapalveluiden ja oikeudenhaltijoiden sekä heitä edustavien järjestöjen välisissä sopimuksissa. Heikoimmassa asemassa sopimuksia koskevissa neuvotteluissa ovat musiikintekijät ja artistit. Digitaalisen musiikkiaineiston saatavuuden kohdalla keskeisenä tuloksena on, että aineistoa on saatavilla julkisen palvelun eli yleisten musiikkikirjastojen, kaupallisten palveluiden eli suoratoistopalveluiden ja yhteisöllisten palveluiden eli vertaisverkkojen välityksellä. Musiikkikirjastojen rooli aineistojen tarjoajana on pienentynyt siirryttäessä analogisen musiikin kulutuksesta digitaalisen musiikin kulutukseen

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊管理研究所
99
Nowadays, there is much music in our daily life, but it is hard to find suitable ones as we would like to make use of them. For example, if we try to find romantic music for wedding, relieved music for therapy, where we can find it? Moreover, music mood only is judged by human experts in present. Although these experts develop many digital music libraries websites such as Allmusic.com to store music by moods, there has not been any efficiency system to classify music mood in automatic classifier so far. In fact, music is everywhere, not only human produces them but also Mother Nature generates them as well. Therefore, how can we deal with such great amount of music information? In this thesis, we regard predicting music mood as our goal. With the digital music library - Allmusic.com already classified music mood, we extracted English song lyrics in it. We calculate every token’s Log Likelihood Ratio after tokenization, removing stop-words and porter stemming. Further, we select out feature tokens as our classifying rule. Finally, we put them into LibSVM to build model, which tries to predict music mood of new added in data. Findings show that the accuracy only depends on lyrics is not good enough, only 50% predicting correct. Besides, we find mood Happy, Fiery and Drama are easy to detect, it perhaps that their emotional terms are clear. On the other hand, mood Wry, Literate, Ironic and Silly are hard to detect.

The flipped classroom is a teaching methodology that is well documented within the education research literature, growing within the academic environment, and quickly making its way into library instruction. It flips the traditional classroom by presenting lecture content in advance as homework in a digital format, while using face-to-face class time to focus on assessment, handsͲonͲactivities and class discussion. This paper will include a summary of the flipped classroom research literature and its value for application to music library instruction, an overview of the development and design of a new research methods course for undergraduate students at the University of Saskatchewan, and presentation of results from an initial survey of student learning and engagement. Findings show that the flipped classroom is a highly adaptable method for delivering music research methods content, which takes advantage of educational technology and online learning to enhance the student]s learning and engagement within the class. The course at the center of this case study prepares undergraduate music students to find, use and evaluate information resources in physical and online environments, and to prepare students to complete a research-based program notes. writing assignment as part of their yearͲend recital requirements. The design of the research methods course relied on a collaborative and consultative approach with the Department of Music and the University Centre for Teaching Effectiveness. Learning objectives were informed by current information literacy standard including the Information Literacy Instructional Objectives for Undergraduate Music Students (Music Library Association) and the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (ACRL), with a nod to the Draft Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (ACRL), currently in development. The course aims to meet undergraduate students where they already are, in a continually evolving digital environment, and to position them to better understand the evolving practices of music research in the digital age.

Five cases of ‘non-musicians’ learning how to make music were used to explore the information practice of users in the domain of music to support the design of music information systems and platforms. In all five cases, the use of online music knowledge was situated within a larger process of self-directed learning, as well as the larger socio-musical world of the non-musicians. Effective access to and use of available resources is paradoxically predicated on a non-musician’s ability to articulate their information needs using terms with which they are not yet familiar. The findings articulate the information practice of non-musicians as being characterized by the emergent nature of their information needs and the exploratory nature of their information practice. In particular, the user’s socio-musical world, learning or knowledge trajectories, as well as their modes of learning offer an innovative approach to understanding and anticipating music information needs.