Articles de revues : « Municipalitie »

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Frasti, Hesy Erlisa, Elvanya Purba Dita, Euodia Pracinthea, Ade Syahputra, Arini Widyawati et Santoso Tri Hananto. « KARAKTERISTIK KEPALA DAERAH DAN AUDIT DELAY LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI INDONESIA ». Jurnal Akuntansi 21, n^o 1 (12 avril 2017) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ja.v21i1.131.

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This study aimed to examine the effects of regent/ mayor characteristics on financial statement of local government’s audit delay in Indonesia. Regional head are characterized by age, educational background, executive work experience, and educational level. The population of this study were all of districts/municipalitie in Indonesia. This study uses 142 districts/municipalities as sample using purposive sampling method. The secondary data was obtained from Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK-RI) and Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemendagri). Data was analyzed using regression model. The analysis showed that the economics or accounting educational background has negatively affected on financial statement of local government’s audit delay in Indonesia. However, age, executive work experience, and education level do not affect financial statement of local government’s audit delay in Indonesia.

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RuplienÄ—, DovilÄ—, Lina GarĹˇvienÄ—, Dalia RudytÄ—, Solveiga SkunÄŤikienÄ— et Roberta BajorĹ«nienÄ—. « THE EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF MUNICIPALITIES' FISCAL COMPETITIVENESS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH ». CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (23 septembre 2017) : 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.958.

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The competition between municipalities is problematic due to a common misconception that rivalry is impossible because documents regulating finances are the same across all local self-governments. In contrast, scientific research shows that the livability of one municipality can differ to another because of differences in their social-economic benefits. This distinction is not conditioned by geographic location or other special features of the municipality but rather by the amount of funds assigned and allocated to social and public welfare. This article aims to reveal the factors pertaining to the municipalitiesâ€™ fiscal competitiveness that affect economic growth within the state. This has relevance as a reallocation of a municipalityâ€™s expenditure could provide new possibilities towards increasing future revenue of the municipality. For reaching the aim is examined by evaluating the effect of municipalitiesâ€™ fiscal competitiveness on Lithuaniaâ€™s economic growth using the volume and structure of expenditure in its municipalities. Results show that the major channels determining the fiscal competitiveness of a region are human resources, the business sector, and the institutional environment, and that these differ among municipalities.

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Jouve, Bernard. « Défusion municipale et décentralisation à Montréal : vers une recomposition des relations entre les groupes ethnoculturels et la municipalité ». Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, n^o 1 (mars 2006) : 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060094.

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Résumé. Ces dernières années, la métropole montréalaise a connu un ensemble de dynamiques institutionnelles qui ont remis en question l'équilibre des relations entre les municipalités constituantes. Les institutions ont été fortement ébranlées par un double processus de fusion puis de défusion. Cherchant à contrecarrer les aspirations des municipalités “ défusionnistes ”, le gouvernement provincial a promulgué la Loi 33 qui transfère de nombreuses compétences de la mairie centrale aux arrondissements. Au-delà des nouvelles dynamiques politiques entre ces deux niveaux de gouvernement, c'est aussi le processus d'articulation entre la sphère politique municipale et la société civile montréalaise qui est en jeu. Cet article examine les impacts de la Loi 33 sur les relations entre la municipalité et les communautés ethnoculturelles en attirant l'attention sur une tendance à l'hyperpluralisation et à l'ethnicisation des demandes issues de certains groupes immigrants récemment implantés à Montréal.Abstract. The urban region of Montreal has recently faced institutional dynamics which have transformed the relations between the municipalities. Local institutions had to adapt to a double process of merging and demerging. In order to limit the process of secessionism, the provincial government voted Bylaw 33 which transferred many resources and competences to neighbourhoods. Beyond the new division of labour between the two levels of government, this law is changing the relationships between the civil society and the political realm. This article aims at analyzing the impacts of Bylaw 33 on the relationships between the municipality and immigrant groups by arguing that we are facing a trend to hyperpluralism due to the strategies of leaders representing immigrant groups recently settled in Montreal.

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Zuiderwijk, Anneke, Cécile Volten, Maarten Kroesen et Mark Gill. « Motivation Perspectives on Opening up Municipality Data : Does Municipality Size Matter ? » Information 9, n^o 11 (25 octobre 2018) : 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9110267.

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National governments often expect municipalities to develop toward open cities and be equally motivated to open up municipal data, yet municipalities have different characteristics influencing their motivations. This paper aims to reveal how municipality size influences municipalities’ motivation perspectives on opening up municipality data. To this end, Q-methodology is used, which is a method that is suited to objectify people’s frames of mind on a particular topic. By applying this method to 37 municipalities in the Netherlands, we elicited the motivation perspectives of three main groups of municipalities: (1) advocating municipalities, (2) careful municipalities, and (3) conservative municipalities. We found that advocating municipalities are mainly large-sized municipalities (>65,000 inhabitants) and a few small-sized municipalities (<35,000 inhabitants). Careful municipalities concern municipalities of all sizes (small, medium, and large). The conservative municipality perspective is more common among smaller-sized municipalities. Our findings do not support the statement “the smaller the municipality, the less motivated it is to open up its data”. However, the type and amount of municipality resources do influence motivations to share data or not. We provide recommendations for how open data policy makers on the national level need to support the three groups of municipalities and municipalities of different sizes in different ways to stimulate the provision of municipal data to the public as much as possible. Moreover, if national governments can identify which municipalities adhere to which motivation perspective, they can then develop more targeted open data policies that meet the requirements of the municipalities that adhere to each perspective. This should result in more open data value creation.

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Bourgeois, Daniel, et Yves Bourgeois. « Les municipalités canadiennes et les langues officielles ». Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, n^o 4 (décembre 2011) : 789–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000758.

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Résumé. En 1967, la Commission royale d'enquête sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme affirma le rôle critique des municipalités canadiennes en matière de langues officielles. En 1988, la Loi sur les langues officielles fit des municipalités des partenaires de premier plan dans la promotion du bilinguisme. Or, après deux générations, on ignore quelles municipalités interviennent en la matière et comment elles interviennent. À partir d'une enquête auprès de 209 municipalités canadiennes, ce texte décrit et analyse les interventions municipales favorables au bilinguisme. Plusieurs municipalités agissent, mais le bilan est loin de la vision de la Commission royale.Abstract. In 1967, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism stated the critical role of Canadian municipalities in official languages. In 1988, the Official Languages Act made municipalities full partners in the promotion of bilingualism. After two generations, we do not know which municipalities intervene in the matter or how they intervene. This article presents and analyses the results of a survey of 209 Canadian municipalities on official languages. It reveals that many municipalities intervene, but these interventions are far from the objectives of the Royal Commission and the Official Languages Act.

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Dumieński, Grzegorz, Agnieszka Mruklik, Andrzej Tiukało et Marta Bedryj. « The Comparative Analysis of the Adaptability Level of Municipalities in the Nysa Kłodzka Sub-Basin to Flood Hazard ». Sustainability 12, n^o 7 (9 avril 2020) : 3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073003.

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A municipality is a basic local government unit (LGU) in Poland. It is responsible for the safety of its citizens, especially in circumstances of flood hazard. A municipality is a unique social-ecological system (SES), distinguished by its ability to adapt to flood hazard. It is impossible to specify the conditions a municipality has to reach to achieve the highest adaptability to flood hazard, however, it is possible to assign a level of adaptability to a municipality, one that corresponds to the position of a given municipality among the population of assessed municipalities threatened by floods. Therefore, a tool was developed to rank municipalities by their adaptability on the assumption that the assessment of municipal adaptability was influenced by 15 selected features. The research was carried out using data from the period of 2010–2016 for 18 municipalities-SESs located in the Nysa Kłodzka sub-basin. It was indicated that municipalities located in the higher course of the river possess higher levels of adaptability. At the same time, the size of a flood stands for each municipality position with regards to the synthetic adaptability index (SAI).

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Veljković, Božidar, Jelica Jovica Markovic et Lukrecija Djeri. « Tourism perspectives and Local communities’ development within two different countries ». Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, n^o 2 (19 avril 2015) : 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.2.265-284(2015).

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Paper discusses local municipality touristic development and tourism strategies analysing achievements of national touristic objectives regarding foreign and domestic tourists in two groups of selected municipalities within two different countries. First group includes three municipalities from Slovenia and the second group includes three comparable municipalities from Serbia. Throughout our analysis we carefully considered countries basic documents Slovenian and Serbian tourism development strategy. After analysing statistical data, we conclude, that it is of great signicifance for each municipality the direction of tourism industry development, investments into modern tourist capacities as well as professional marketing, as is the case with municipality ob Brežice.

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Sičáková-Beblavá, Emília, Martin Kollárik et Matúš Sloboda. « Exploring the Determinants of Transparency of Slovak Municipalities ». NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 9, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2016) : 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2016-0017.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the transparency of Slovak municipalities. It identifies the main trends in the transparency of the 100 largest Slovak municipalities between 2010 and 2014. It shows that there are different degrees of transparency in Slovak municipalities, and it applies regressions to explore correlates and identify the main factors behind this state. This research is descriptive and explanatory and adds to literature by examining political, structural factors related to the political supply of the transparency of the municipalities and the convergence effect. The regression analysis identifies the convergence effect, according to which the transparency of municipalities improves inversely to their initial score. It also finds a negative incumbency effect that indicates lower improvement for incumbent mayors than for new ones. The size of a municipality is also one of the factors that determine the transparency level of that municipality. This relationship is positive – greater size of a municipality increases the level of its transparency.

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Liptáková, Katarína, et Zuzana Rigová. « Possibilities of Slovak municipalities to participate in regional development in context of globalization ». SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020) : 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207405013.

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Nowadays, globalization affects almost all aspects of social life. It is sensible to respond flexibly to these trends and to be prepared for their benefits or potential risks. The local self-government represented by municipalities has an increasingly important role in the economic development of individual regions of Slovakia. Are municipalities prepared for the process of globalization and its impacts? Do they have tools in their hands to respond to its trends? One of the most important tasks of the municipality is to serve as an activator of regional, social and economic development and to influence the conditions for entrepreneurship by attracting potential investors to start business activities in the municipality territories. The new entrepreneurial activities and investments are a potential source of new job opportunities resulting in increased living standards of the local residents. This paper deals with indicators that express the financial capacity of the municipality and thus the ability of the municipality to participate in the process of development of a particular region. The analysis evaluates data obtained from financial statements of Slovak municipalities for year 2017. Its results show that the available financial resources of municipalities are limited and therefore the municipalities are unable to support regional development from their own financial sources.

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Bína Filipová, Dana, Lukáš Moravec, Gabriela Kukalová et Zdeňka Vaňková. « The Effectivity of Local Fee Collection : Case Study in Selected Municipalities of the South Bohemian District, Czech Republic ». Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 20, n^o 3 (21 juin 2022) : 479–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/20.3.479-499(2022).

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Local fees and tax income are one of the income sources of a municipality budget. Their size and collection is regulated by the municipality and a particular state. 12 municipalities of the South Bohemian District were chosen according to their size to find out the efficiency of the collection of the higher mentioned income. Next, a relationship between individual shares and size of selected municipalities in number of inhabitants was calculated based on shares among city fees, tax income and total income. The size of yields in local fees differs and the size of municipality (based on the number of inhabitants) is not the main factor of the difference. Yields of municipalities are also influenced by geographical and economic factors (e.g.: growth of tourism, Český Krumlov). Furthermore, absence of any relationship among local fees, tax income and total income was found within selected municipalities.

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Bahna, Vladimír. « The Organisation of Cultural and Social Life in Selected Successful Villages ». Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology 67, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/se-2019-0019.

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Abstract This paper compares the methods of organisation of cultural and social life in three municipalities which were awarded the “Village of the Year” title, namely the municipalities of Oravská Lesná, Liptovská Teplička and Spišský Hrhov. The research in these three municipalities suggests several historical and socio-economic similarities between the villages of Oravská Lesná and Liptovská Teplička, which contrasts with the situation in Spišský Hrhov. These similarities and differences between the municipalities are also manifested at the level of their cultural and social life and development strategies. On one hand, we have the traditional mountainous villages with stable long-term and internally driven demography; on the other hand, a changing municipality with a high rate of immigration. In the former case, activities related to the identity of a traditional municipality are being developed, while in the latter case, the identity of the municipality is being actively created also through new cultural and social activities. The key factors of the municipalities’ cultural and social life in both cases are initiative inhabitants and proactive self-governments open to their initiatives.

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Nasiri HandehKhaleh, Esmael, Shahram Amin Entekhabi et Seyedeh Yasaman Mohagheghpour. « Assessing the Relationship between the Performance of Rural Municipalities and the Realization of Good Rural Governance (Case Study of the Central Part of Zanjan City) ». Journal of Sustainable Rural Development 4, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2020) : 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.4.2.9.

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Purpose: Rural Government is considered as a way to extend democracy, empowering villagers to choose their way of life and organize their living space, increase prosperity, make opportunities, and promote teamwork, and it can be concluded that in new rural government theories, rural municipalities are the new paradigm and one of the main pillars of rural management and development. By the end of September 2009, there were 898 villages with more than 20 households and 194 authorized rural municipalities in Zanjan province, Iran and the number of rural municipalities compared to villages with more than twenty households was about %21.6. This study aimes to investigate the rural municipality performance in the rural government of Zanjan province. Methods: Our research method is of documentary-field type and the study population consists of 194 rural municipalities from which 114 rural municipalities were selected as the sample using stratified sampling with proper allocation. SPSS was used to analyze the data. For stepwise regression, the variables entered the equation as factors affecting rural municipality performance in rural government by which 89% of Zanjan rural municipality performance variance was clarified. Results: The results show that the performance of rural municipalities in the selected area can play a critical role in villagers’ participation in rural management and development. Conclusion: Based on the results, the variables with a significant effect on rural government are the cooperation of rural council, villagers’ participation, rural equipment and facilities, and rural municipality consultation with local leaders and council members.

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Castellini, Monia, et Vincenzo Riso. « Risk Management in Practice : A Multiple Case Study Analysis in Italian Municipalities ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2023) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010030.

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This paper aims to analyse the ways in which risk management has been embedded in management control systems in Italian municipalities. Through a qualitative method, this study presents multiple case studies from six municipalities with two levels of analysis: content analysis on the information published on the institutional website, and interviews through a questionnaire with open and closed questions addressed to the public managers of the Italian municipalities selected. Moreover, the municipality respondents were classified into medium (two municipalities with over 50,000 inhabitants), medium-high (two municipalities with between 100,000 and 500,000 inhabitants), and high (one municipality with over 500,000 inhabitants). The multiple case studies reported show how there is not a strong level of integration between risk management and the management control system in use. This research is useful to sustain the debate about risk management in the public sector. It should help practitioners and scholars to cover their municipalities’ needs.

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Bhandari, Amrit Kumar. « Municipality Declaration, Urban Imagination and Urban Experience A Case of Putalibazaar and Walling, Syangja, Nepal ». Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 6 (1 juillet 2014) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10686.

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Municipalities, which are basically administrative divisions, have been treated as urban entities in Nepal, though most of them lack even the basic urban amenities. Municipality declaration by government can be taken as an effort to foster the process of urbanization in Nepal. On the basis of firsthand qualitative data collected through interviews, observations and focused group discussions conducted in the two municipalities: Putalibazaar and Walling of Syangja District of Western Nepal, this article attempts to highlight the status of urbanization here after 17 years of municipality declaration. This article reveals that local people were out of sorts about how urbanization flourishes in their area due to municipality declaration. It also divulges that local people themselves, municipality offices and other governmental and non-governmental agencies have not been able to make vibrant contribution in the urbanization process. Therefore, this article concludes that the mere act of municipality declaration cannot foster urbanization; thus local people and municipalities offices need to play collective, more responsible, productive and meaningful role to transform the urban imagination into a reality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10686 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 1-21

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Słotwiński, Szymon. « Building Energy Self-Sufficiency of Municipalities on the Basis of National Legal Conditions in the Theoretical Perspective of the Polish Legal Experiences ». Energies 15, n^o 9 (20 avril 2022) : 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093000.

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In today’s social, economic, and political reality, it cannot be overlooked that the energy self-sufficiency of municipalities not only optimizes the lives of the inhabitants of the municipality but also, in a broader perspective, the services provided by the municipality. The sustainable development of a municipality will therefore depend on its degree of self-reliance and self-sufficiency. Economic and technological considerations are not sufficient for the municipality to achieve optimal energy independence without normative conditions. The current (2021/2022) trends in electricity prices and in the development of national and international policies and strategies for electricity generation from renewable energy sources also make the change in the energy market structure toward distributed generation. The main objective of this paper is a theoretical analysis of the legal solutions in force in Poland that allow building energy self-sufficiency in municipalities and their adequacy to the current economic, technological, and political conditions. The scientific discussion will focus here on research problems related to the impact of the national regulations on the gradual assumption of control by municipalities over the generation and distribution of electricity with regard to energy produced in RES installations and the independence of municipalities from the national energy management and supply system.

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Grafenauer, Božo. « An Analysis of the Provision of Local Public Utility Services by Way of Illustration of Two Slovenian Municipalities ». Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, n^o 2 (8 septembre 2009) : 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/82.

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Among the tasks performed by the Slovenian municipalities to meet the needs of individual residents there is also the provision of local public services. A municipality provides the performance of the public services determined by the municipality itself, and the performance of the public services established by law (local public services). The legal foundations for the regulation and operation of public utility services are given primarily in the Local Self-Government Act and in the Public Utilities Act, as well as in sector-specific laws for individual services. The overview of public utility services and the modes of their performance in two urban municipalities indicate that in Slovenian municipalities, public utility services are performed primarily in two ways: in public enterprises and by awarding a public service concession. KEYWORDS: • local public services • public service delivery • municipality • concession • public enterprise • Slovenia

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Jēkabsone, Inga, et Biruta Sloka. « Citizen-oriented Local Governance : the Correlation between Subjective Well-being and Citizen Participation in the Salaspils Municipality (Latvia) Case ». Socialiniai tyrimai 36, n^o 3 (22 décembre 2014) : 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/st.2014.23029.

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The aim of the paper is to present a possible citizen- oriented governance model and discuss the outcomes of empirical research, which are targeted to municipalities and are based on the approbation of a subjective well-being methodology. The main findings of the study show that citizen participation in decision-making processes is crucial in order to improve the well-being in the municipality. The empirical research of the Salaspils municipality and comparisons with several other municipalities in Latvia and other countries demonstrated that the citizen-oriented local governance model provides wide opportunities for improved dialogue between the municipality and society, which in turn promotes the development of a co-responsibility approach in resolving different issues within the municipality.

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Kano, Eiji, et Kazuhiko Tsuda. « Use of a text mining method for classifying citizen report data and analyzing the occurrence trend of local problems ». Artificial Intelligence Research 8, n^o 2 (29 septembre 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/air.v8n2p1.

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An important task of any municipality is the maintenance and improvement of the street-related living environment and traffic safety for citizens. For this, their department of street maintenance is expected to efficiently perform the maintenance and inspection of streets according to priority with limited human and budgetary resources. Recently, municipalities in various countries are adopting “the citizen report system,” which is a system of reporting problems of streets, such as damaged streets, by citizens to their municipality, for citizens to perform part of street maintenance and inspection. It is possible that the data obtained by municipalities through the citizen report system can be utilized not only for early problem detection but also for prioritizing administrative measures by using it for analyzing the occurrence trend of problems. Problems reported by citizens, however, are classified by different methods from municipality to municipality, and thus the collection and comparative analysis of such data across municipalities is difficult. This study presents a method of commonly classifying such data, regardless of different classification standards, by analyzing the contents of citizen reports by using text mining. We then analyze the relationship between the trend of citizen reports and the occurrence trend of problems concerning the living environment and traffic safety, using the citizen report data of three large municipalities classified by this method, and infer the occurrence trend of problems. This study has confirmed that citizen report data possibly contributes to municipalities’ prioritization of the maintenance and improvement of the living environment and traffic safety.

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Källström, Lisa, et Christer Ekelund. « What can a municipality offer to its residents ? Value propositions and interactions in a place context ». International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 10, n^o 1 (7 mars 2016) : 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-05-2015-0040.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the municipality in the place marketing context and to describe how municipalities work on making their place good to live in. The study rests on abductive reasoning whereby service-based logic forms the study and offers a theoretical framework for how to approach the phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative study in the form of 20 semi-structured interviews with leading elected officials and civil servants is used to let us understand how two typical municipalities in southern Sweden work on making their municipality a good place for their residents to live in. Content analysis is used to analyze the data. Findings – The study reveals how municipalities work on creating opportunities for interactions between themselves and their residents, as well as offers insight into what value propositions the municipalities believe they offer their residents. The current study shows that the geographical location and the natural environment, basic and essential services, accommodations, urban quality, recreation and leisure and ambience constitute important dimensions in the place offering. Originality/value – Service-based logic is used as a backdrop to facilitate the analysis in this study, which emphasizes value propositions offered by the municipality and interactions between the municipality and its residents, which increase our understanding of how municipalities work on making their place good to live in. The service-based logic help shed new light on the place marketing context and allows us to understand the context in a new way.

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May, Belinda Louise, et Madeleine Fombad. « Knowledge Sharing at the Overstrand Municipality in Western Cape Hermanus, South Africa ». Libri 69, n^o 4 (18 novembre 2019) : 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2018-0056.

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Abstract Service delivery remains a challenge in post-apartheid South Africa, notwithstanding the proactive legislations that have been in place since the end of apartheid in 1994 to ensure that municipalities enhance the developmental path through service delivery. Given the increasing interest in prioritising knowledge sharing in municipalities, this article advocates for knowledge sharing as a tool to improve service delivery at South African municipalities. It investigates knowledge sharing at the Overstrand municipality in Cape Town, South Africa and adopts a qualitative approach, using convenient sampling and semi-structured interviews. South Africa is a multicultural country where municipalities are recovering from the inequalities and disparities of apartheid. The article identifies methods of knowledge sharing; establishes the barriers to effective knowledge sharing; and suggests ways in which knowledge sharing could be enhanced at the municipality. Data was collected from the different departments of the Overstrand municipality. The findings reveal that knowledge sharing continues to remain a challenge although participants understood and recognised its importance. A lack of trust, poor communication between senior and junior colleagues, a lack of incentives and recognition, fear of losing one’s job and the absence of a formal strategy, relevant information and communication technology make knowledge sharing challenging. The article recommends a formal knowledge management strategy; a knowledge sharing culture; the use of ICTs for knowledge management and the need for leaders to champion knowledge sharing in all the departments of the Overstrand municipality. Although there is emerging research on knowledge management in the public sector, there is a dearth of research on municipalities.

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Sabioni, Marjorie, et Anderson de Oliveira Reis. « Citizen Participation and Municipality Size : Findings in Light of Demonstrations between 2015 and 2017 ». Organizações & ; Sociedade 30, n^o 104 (janvier 2023) : 76–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302023v30n0003en.

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Abstract Internet democratization and the natural outspread of news reports and information in social media have been changing citizen’s participation at public sphere. The complexity of the current scenario takes to reflections about how participation practices have been taking place in municipalities. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess what demonstrations show about municipality size and citizen participation within the Brazilian context. A quantitative-qualitative research schedule was developed in order to do so. The qualitative stage of it aimed at facing information gotten from effective participation in demonstrations carried out in municipalities. Results have shown that structural discrepancies among municipalities translate differences seen in citizen participation. If one takes into account what would be the best municipality size for the democratic exercise, the herein analyzed contextual aspects point toward the coexistence of fruitful environments to participation either in small- or large-sized municipalities, although there is the trend of concrete participation in larger municipalities.

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Segador-Vegas, Cosme, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo et Daniel Encinas-Martín. « Determination of the Energy Behaviour in Municipalities with Fewer than 6000 Inhabitants in Badajoz (Spain) ». Energies 11, n^o 9 (30 août 2018) : 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092287.

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Most of the municipalities in Europe have a population of less than 6000 inhabitants and high energy consumption. In order to reduce consumption, it is necessary to know the energy behaviour of a municipality beforehand. The purpose of this article is to analyse the energy and environmental situation of the municipalities of the province of Badajoz (Spain) and formulates energy efficiency and environmental indicators. The method is based in the analysis of 74 energy audits were carried out between 2012 and 2014 in the corresponding municipalities, and the average final energy consumption was studied in terms of four different variables: area of the municipality, number of inhabitants, cost of energy, and annual CO2 emissions. In addition, a statistical analysis based on variance was carried out. The results obtained show that the average annual energy consumption of a municipality of less than 6000 inhabitants is 300 kWh per inhabitant and 1 kWh per m2 of surface area. A great variability was observed in the average cost of energy for each municipality, between 0.11 and 0.25 €/kWh, with an average of 0.17 €/kWh. In addition, by statistical methods it was determined that the energy consumption of a municipality is proportional to the surface area that it occupies and its number of inhabitants, proposing an equation that allows determining the final energy consumption according to both variables. This benchmarking is valid to implement energy saving techniques and to prioritize investments in the renovation of the facilities. There are no precedents of similar research studies with such a large number of municipalities.

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Yamada, Kyohei. « From a Majority to a Minority : How Municipal Mergers in Japan Changed the Distribution of Political Powers and the Allocation of Public Services Within a Merged Municipality ». Urban Affairs Review 54, n^o 3 (22 septembre 2016) : 560–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087416669603.

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This article examines whether or not municipal mergers change the perceived level of public services within a merged municipality. I argue that residents of small municipalities that merge with larger neighbors lose political powers after the mergers; they become a minority within a merged municipality, and their electoral importance declines accordingly. As a result, the level of public services to the merged localities is expected to decrease. I test this argument by focusing on the nationwide concurrence of municipal mergers in Japan that rapidly took place in the 2000s. I conducted a survey of voters in rural municipalities that merged and those that remained intact during this wave of mergers. Using the responses to the survey, I demonstrate that the level of public services, as perceived by the respondents, declined more significantly in municipalities with mergers than in municipalities without.

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Ramajo, Julián, Alejandro Ricci-Risquete, Lourdes Jerez et Geoffrey J. D. Hewings. « Impacts of Neighbors on Local Tax Rates : A Space–Time Dynamic Panel Data Analysis ». International Regional Science Review 43, n^o 1-2 (29 août 2019) : 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619871990.

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This article explores the spatiotemporal pattern in the local tax system of Extremadura, a region in the southwest of Spain. Using the most relevant tax in terms of revenues at the local level in Spain, the property tax on urban land, a very general space–time dynamic panel data model with spatial and time period fixed effects, has been estimated to explore different types of strategic tax interactions among local governments. The empirical analysis uses a balanced panel database covering 383 municipalities from Extremadura for the period 2006–2015 to estimate the reaction of tax policy in a given municipality to its own past, to changes in tax policy in other municipalities, and to (direct and indirect) changes in some control variables. The results show that nominal local property tax rates are affected by tax policy inertia from the own municipality and neighboring municipalities and two observed municipal characteristics, whereas effective tax rates depend on tax policy inertia from the own municipality and property tax policies from neighboring municipalities and five observed municipal characteristics. In both cases, local spillover effects are not significant at standard statistical levels.

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Dvořák, Petr, et Stanislav Balík. « Municipalities without elected councils. Causes of insufficient fulfilment of candidate lists in some municipalities in local elections in 2018 ». Politics in Central Europe 17, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0003.

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Abstract By means of a qualitative analysis of the sixteen municipalities in the Czech Republic in which additional elections were held in 2019, five variables were identified which may explain why additional elections occurred. For analysis, we used data from the Czech Statistical Office (municipal elections 1994 to 2019), the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic and information on individual municipalities from media analysis. We have identified the following possible variables which may affect whether additional elections are held: end of elites, non -stand as a candidate again, the end of municipal representatives, incumbent decides not to defend mandate (variable Non -defend mandate) and personal disputes within the municipality. Conversely, the financial situation of the municipality, the age of the representatives, the voter turnout in the municipality, the number of voters, the number of candidate lists or associations and candidates proved inconclusive in most municipalities. A significant increase in new candidates is a consequence rather than an explanation of the holding of additional elections.

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Rukuni, Tarisai Fritz, Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura et Marble Mampa. « A clean audit and service delivery comparative study of two municipalities in Mpumalanga province in South Africa ». International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, n^o 10 (31 décembre 2022) : 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i10.2164.

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In recent years, most South African (SA) municipalities still need to produce clean audits. In 2018 and 2019, most municipalities in SA needed better-quality financial statements and performance reports. Misrepresentation of financial statements in audit reports is linked to inadequate governance, misappropriation of public funds and poor public service delivery. It is upon this background that this study aimed to: (i) assess perceptions of municipality middle management employees on factors affecting auditing, (ii) evaluate the differences in perceptions among municipality middle management employees on factors affecting auditing, (iii) measure the effect of factors affecting auditing on overall clean audit and (iv) establish the effect of clean audit on service delivery at two municipalities in Mpumalanga province. Using a structured questionnaire, a quantitative descriptive approach methodology was employed to collect data from a minimum sample of 294 employees in the middle management category working within the accounting and finance department at two municipalities in Mpumalanga province, SA. SPSS v28 was used to conduct descriptive and multivariate analyses, including mean, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. Results indicated that employees from the clean audit municipality had positive perceptions of factors affecting clean audit, while employees from the municipality with an unclean audit had negative perceptions. It was also concluded that factors affecting auditing had a statistically significant positive effect on clean audits. The findings in this study led to significant implications for theory and practice.

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Kanapickiene, Rasa, et Greta Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene. « Disclosure of Non-Current Tangible Assets Information in Local Government Financial Statements : The Case of Lithuania ». Economies 7, n^o 4 (2 décembre 2019) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7040116.

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The aim of the research is to examine and evaluate the accounting information disclosure quality of the non-current tangible assets in the financial statements of the municipalities of Lithuania and identify municipality characteristics having an impact on the accounting information disclosure quality. Although the question of Lithuania public sector accounting information disclosure quality has been relevant since the Public Sector Accounting and Financial Reporting Reform in 2010, this research is the first of its kind in Lithuania. Based on the legal and regulatory requirements and related scientific literature, the research model of the accounting information disclosure quality in the financial statements has been created. Using the content analysis of consolidated annual financial statements of Lithuanian municipalities (years 2013–2016), the disclosure quality index has been calculated, as well as the accounting information disclosure quality of the tangible assets has been evaluated and compared. The results show that the quality of accounting information disclosure of Lithuanian municipalities in 2013 was low (revealed 37.87% of the mandatory information), while in subsequent years, the disclosure of mandatory information increased (to 45.50% in 2016) and the quality of information disclosure became average. Multiple panel regression analysis revealed that specific factors such as size of the municipality, municipality debt-paying capacity, municipality tangible assets, and municipality revenue, have a statistically significant impact on the accounting information disclosure quality.

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Kazemi, Ali, et Petri Kajonius. « Variations in user-oriented elderly care : a multilevel approach ». International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, n^o 2 (19 juin 2017) : 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-06-2016-0045.

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Purpose National Board of Health and Welfare claims that the quality of elderly care services differ considerably between municipalities in Sweden. This study aims to analyze to what extent these variations can be accounted for by the older person’s municipality affiliation (i.e. receiving elderly care in a certain municipality). Design/methodology/approach Addressing this issue, national survey data from 78,538 older respondents receiving elderly care services in Sweden were analyzed using multilevel modeling (MLM). Findings The results showed that municipality affiliation only marginally explained the variance in satisfaction with care, i.e. its variations were larger within than between municipalities. Instead, user-oriented care accounted for the variation in satisfaction with care. Specifically, the way the care workers behave toward the older person proved to be much more crucial for satisfaction with care than municipality affiliation. Moreover, random effects analyses revealed that the effects of user-oriented care on satisfaction with care varied across municipalities. Care setting (i.e. home care or nursing home) only marginally accounted for its variance. Practical implications Developing care quality should start and primarily be discussed at the interpersonal care level, and not, as is customary, at the municipality level. Originality/value The present research is the first in its kind to quantitatively investigate the sources of variation in perceived quality of Swedish elderly care using MLM.

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Bakoš, Eduard, Daniel Němec, Filip Hrůza et Troy Mix. « Emerging Topics on Inter-municipal Cooperation in the Czech Republic : Policy Networking, Regionalization and Financial Indicators ». Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, n^o 3 (2 août 2020) : 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.3.579-602(2020).

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Inter-municipal cooperation is not solely about the cooperation of two or more municipalities. Professional networking or another kind of membership or cooperation could be also positive incentives for strengthening municipal cooperation. Czech Republic belongs to countries where there is not only one national professional association of municipalities with regional structures and this could offer the questions about their influence on inter-municipal cooperation. In this paper we use data from a full sample of Czech municipalities to reveal the role of variables including professional networking activity, regional structures and financial conditions on the existence or development of municipal cooperation. The results of regression analyses provide indistinct explanations. Membership in one national association increases the probability that the municipality will begin or sustain membership in a voluntary association of municipalities (VAM), while membership in another association tends to decrease the probability for engagement in VAM. Since the distribution of municipalities in the territory is not uniform, and individual municipalities have different socio-demographic and territorial characters, we decided to explore the basic characteristics of the municipality such as non-financial and financial indicators. Further, for small municipalities, we were not able to verify the hypothesis that they would be more likely to cooperate due to lack of resources or more adverse financial conditions.

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Hudecová, Ľubica, et Robert Geisse. « Evaluation of the Status of Real Property in Rural Areas ». Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2018) : 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0028.

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Abstract Municipalities have a great deal of interest in land consolidation. Deciding which municipality is going to be prioritized for land consolidation is not easy; a unified universal selection procedure does not currently exist. The article proposes a procedure for assessing land ownership in a municipality. Municipalities with the worst ratings should be prioritized for land consolidation. The selection of evaluation parameters and their classification into groups is the result of previous experience. The parameters cover a broad spectrum of variables, economic conditions, the spatial structure of the agricultural land, the fragmentation of land and land ownership, the ecological stability of the land, territorial endangerment as well as natural conditions, technical limitations, and other regional specifics. The proposed quantification of the status of real property can be used with the aim of prioritizing municipalities, even with a variable number of evaluation parameters. To test the proposed algorithm, analyses were carried out in three municipalities located in west Slovakia. The municipalities were ranked according to the need to perform land consolidation

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Ncamphalala, Mncedisi, et Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad. « The role of information and communication technology (ICT) on the transformation of municipalities into smart cities for improved service delivery ». International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, n^o 2 (22 mars 2022) : 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1593.

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To improve the delivery of services, municipalities in South Africa are implementing information and communication technology (ICT) initiatives. The use of digitalization thus demands municipalities to introduce e-government services. With adequate resources and training, some municipalities also aim to advance their status as smart cities. However, However, not all municipalities are equipped to operate ICT-based services. The article aims to explore this situation in the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (herein referred to as CoE). The article is qualitative in nature and the data collected is analyzed descriptively. The article utilizes the triangulation of data (document review, literature review, interview) to strengthen validity and reliability in the research process. The findings explore the challenges related to leadership in the municipality that requires a willingness to adopt, adapt and implement ICT initiatives for smart governance; ICT infrastructure that requires a municipality to allocate adequate budget to smart governance platforms, training of employees to equip them to operate digitalized processes, to state a few. Overall, the study considers the status and implementation levels of ICT and smart governance in the CoE to be unsatisfactory and requires policy recommendations for effective realization to become a smart city. The article offers policy recommendations emphasizing incorporating ICT in municipal budgets to invest in digital infrastructure.

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Lebiedzik, Marian. « Application of the Global Concept of “Smart City” at the Local Level of the Karviná District ». Sustainability 12, n^o 17 (2 septembre 2020) : 7186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177186.

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The article deals with the implementation of the global concept of Smart City or Smart Municipality at the local level, specifically in selected municipalities and towns of the Karviná District located in the Czech Republic. Specifically, these municipalities form a union of municipalities under the name Union of Towns and Municipalities of the Karviná District (SMOOK). The paper summarizes the results of research aimed at finding out how the representatives (mayors and city mayors) of a selected sample of municipalities and towns of various sizes approach the implementation of the global concept of Smart City at the local level, i.e., within the municipalities they manage. Within the questionnaire, representatives (mayors and city mayors) of towns and municipalities were offered several typified projects in several areas of activities that the municipality or town performs. Respondents could also mention other projects that they were implementing in the given area. The areas where the surveyed towns and municipalities use the most widespread range of smart solutions are city administration and the related use of information and communication technologies. Municipalities pay attention to these areas and plan to introduce other innovative solutions. Due to environmental problems and air pollution in the Karviná Region, they do not neglect the areas of environment, transport and power engineering. On the contrary, marginal areas in the implementation of smart projects for them are business support and social services. A significant motivation in the implementation of smart projects is the possibility of obtaining grant funds.

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Murakami, Yoshitaka, Shinichi Kanazu, Tanaz Petigara, Mari Saito Oba, Yuji Nishiwaki et Akira Watanabe. « Factors associated with PPSV23 coverage among older adults in Japan : a nationwide community-based survey ». BMJ Open 9, n^o 7 (juillet 2019) : e030197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030197.

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ObjectivesThe 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was included in Japan’s national immunisation programme for older adults in 2014. While vaccination coverage has increased following the implementation of the national immunisation programme, little is known about the factors that have influenced changes in PPSV23 uptake in Japan. This study aimed to investigate the effects of municipality-level activities implemented to improve vaccine uptake during the fiscal year 2015 (April 2015–March 2016).DesignCommunity-based national survey. A postal and web-based nationwide survey was sent to all municipalities in Japan in June 2016 (n=1741). The survey included questions regarding PPSV23 coverage, out-of-pocket costs by individuals for vaccination and community-level activities implemented to improve and promote PPSV23 uptake. Municipality-level and prefecture-level variables (eg, unemployment rates, average per capita income) retrieved from published sources were also incorporated to explore the impact of social determinants on vaccine uptake.SettingJapan.ParticipantsMunicipal vaccination officers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary study outcome was PPSV23 coverage among adults aged 65 years in Japanese municipalities.ResultsA total of 1010 municipalities (58.0%) responded to the survey. The median PPSV23 coverage among responding municipalities was 41.8%. Vaccine coverage increased by 18.7% (16.7%–20.7%)%) in municipalities that sent a direct mail notification to the target population of adults compared with municipalities that did not send any notification. Vaccine coverage decreased by 3.02% (2.4%–3.6%)%) for every 1000 JPY increase in out-of-pocket costs. Municipality-level unemployment rates and average per capita income were negatively associated with PPSV23 coverage.ConclusionsThis nationwide survey provides insight into factors that may influence PPSV23 coverage in Japanese municipalities. Reduced out-of-pocket costs and direct mail notifications to the target population were associated with higher PPSV23 coverage in Japanese municipalities.

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Colvero, Diogo Appel, Ana Paula Gomes, Luís António Tarelho, Manuel Arlindo Amador de Matos et Anny Kariny Feitosa. « Proposal for the Location of a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility for a Metropolitan Region ». Fronteiras : Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 8, n^o 2 (1 mai 2019) : 164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i2.p164-188.

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Only 16 of the 246 municipalities of Goiás State, Brazil, dispose their municipal solid waste (MSW) in licensed landfills. Therefore, this study proposes the host municipality (HM) of the future shared MSW management facility (MSWMF), serving the Metropolitana de Goiânia (MGyn) microregion. First, the potential areas to construct MSW final disposal facilities (landfills) were identified. Subsequently, using mass point geometry, the HM of the proposed MSWMF for MGyn was defined. The results show that only 19.4% of the area of the studied municipalities is available or subject to approval for landfill construction. The HM will be Aparecida de Goiânia, which will process most of the MSW and send the rejects of treated MSW to the landfill that will be established in the neighboring municipality of Hidrolândia. Additionally, this MSWMF will serve 19 municipalities and will have nine waste transfer stations that will receive waste from 17 municipalities, to minimize MSW transport costs.

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Vargas-Terranova, Camilo-A., Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero et Alejandro Parra-Saad. « Implementing Circular Economy Techniques for the Optimal Management of Recyclable Solid Waste Using the M-GRCT Decision Support Model ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 16 (12 août 2022) : 8072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168072.

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This article analyzes the implementation of a circular economy model for the management of reusable solid waste in the Colombian municipalities of Arbeláez (province of Cundinamarca) and Tibasosa (province of Boyacá). The analysis is conducted using M-GRCT, a circular economy decision support model for the design of recyclable waste management systems in low-income municipalities. The model allows for performing calculations on a set of two scenarios integrating a sociocultural dynamics assessment—this being a characteristic feature of this type of municipalities. Results show that both the linear and circular models of waste management are economically viable. However, the particular conditions of each municipality, the tariff system, the number of subscribers and the variations in costs and inflation in each municipality affect the results of economic viability. In addition, the waste production scale and the volumes of recoverable waste also affect the results. All these factors are reflected in the scenarios analyzed. In terms of economic viability, the circular model presents better results in Arbeláez, while in the municipality of Tibasosa, the best results are obtained with a linear economy approach.

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Vavrek, Roman, Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová, Martina Cehlárová et Ivana Ondrijová. « The municipality as a source of information ? » Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 3, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2014) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v3i3.79.

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The municipality as an entity of the local government and disposes defined rights and obligations, which are governed by the special regulations. In accordance with Act no. 211/2000 Coll. on free access to information, the municipality is mandatory publish and make available information that this Act also more specify. This paper focuses on availability of information from websites or other available sources. The basic set was represented by 91 municipalities of Prešov district, in which were surveyed a total of 75 data (6 identification and 69 financial). Within the implemented questioning, we can conclude especially the availability of identification data, for which there are multiple sources (eg. number of inhabitants). Overall, however, the municipalities did not provide the requested information, when up to 27 municipalities did not provide more than 5 data (including 3 identification). One of the outcomes is also a proving of small correlation between the volume of data obtained from the municipality and the number of its inhabitants, respectively the distance from the district town.

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Sharma, Devi Lal. « Revenue and Expenditure Structure of Vyas Municipality ». Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 10, n^o 1 (5 février 2018) : 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v10i1.19132.

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The local governments or the municipalities are responsible to provide administrative services to the local level and to develop infrastructures to provide physical facilities to municipal people. Thus, the major functions of the municipalities are the building up the infrastructure and supra structure and protecting public places and so on. To conduct such philanthropic works it is essential to sustain themselves financially. This study has intense relation with revenue and expenditure of Vyas Municipalities regarding the objectives to analyze, examine and interpret the Revenue and Expenditure. Descriptive research design has been adopted to conduct present study. Under the descriptive research design this study focuses on analyzing income and expenditure pattern of Vyas municipality thus case study approach has been followed to conduct this research. There are 243 municipalities in Nepal which are considered as the population of this study. Among them Vyas municipality is taken as sample using convenience sampling method. This study focuses on municipal revenue and expenditure thus based on secondary data. Vyas municipality largely depends upon the revenue raised from external sources to fulfill the financial requirements. The total revenue has been occupied by internal revenue and external revenue. The average growth rate of internal revenue has been greater than external revenue during the study period. Vyas municipality itself has been suffering from financial inadequacy. So unnecessary expenditure made for the consumption purpose should be cut off. Expenditure made for unproductive sectors should be minimized and utilized effectively. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. X No. 1 December 2017, Page: 42-55

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Pánek, Jiří, Vít Pásztó, Jaroslav Burian, Jakub Bakule et Jakub Lysek. « What is the current state of geoparticipation in Czech municipalities ? » GeoScape 15, n^o 1 (1 juin 2021) : 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0008.

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Abstract The active involvement of citizens in decision-making processes via geoparticipatory spatial tools is becoming a popular research field among geographers, GIScientists, environmental psychologists, political scientists and many others. This paper presents the idea of the Index of geoparticipation – an indicator-based index divided into three dimensions (communication, participation, transparency) that helps to evaluate the state of geoparticipation among Czech municipalities. It describes the current state of geoparticipation at the municipality level in Czechia. It aims to fill the research gap in finding which components of geoparticipation at the municipality level are being used, and how their use is affected by the size of municipalities and their membership of Local Agenda 21 networks. The paper builds upon an extensive dataset collected by the authors from all Czech municipalities (n=6 258) and presents various “shades” of geoparticipation in Czechia. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The highest average values of the Index of geoparticipation were obtained from the regions’ capital cities, followed by statutory cities, municipalities with extended powers, municipalities which are members of the Healthy Cities of the Czech Republic (HCCZ) network and cities. • HCCZ member municipalities use geoparticipatory tools significantly more than the rest of the Czech municipalities • The communication dimension is the most widely implemented pillar of the Index of geoparticipation • There is no significant relationship between social exclusion and geoparticipation at the nationwide level

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Hajilou, Mehran, Mohammad Mirehei, Sohrab Amirian et Mehdi Pilehvar. « Financial Sustainability of Municipalities and Local Governments in Small-Sized Cities ; a Case of Shabestar Municipality ». Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2018) : 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.4335/16.1.77-106(2018).

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Lack of a comprehensive approach to municipalities’ revenue sources in the form of macro-economic system, changes and interventions, self-reliance and self-sufficiency policy enforcement have put financial sector of municipalities in unsustainable situation. Continuing of this situation will have undesirable consequences on cities and urban management. Access to favorable and sustainable revenue sources leads municipalities to play a more active role in urban environment and properly meet the needs of citizens. In this regard, this research intends to analyze Shabestar Municipality’s revenue sources in terms of sustainability measures during 2004-2014. Type of the research is applicable and the method is descriptive-analytic and exploratory. Data collection has been carried out either documentary or field survey by using scoring forms and interviews with Municipality officials. Data analysis has been conducted by using Excel, Shannon Entropy and TOPSIS techniques. The results obtained showed that the trend toward financial independence of municipalities and decentralization of sub-national authorities has had some trouble and now municipalities need financial support from central government to fulfill their obligations. Shabestar Municipality like many other municipalities in Iran depends strongly on low favorable and unsustainable revenue sources such as sale of municipal immovable properties, charges on surplus density, charges on removing parking etc.

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Stankovic, Jelena, Vesna Jankovic-Milic et Marija Radosavljevic. « Improving the business environment in cities and municipalities in Serbia ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n^o 146 (2014) : 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1446105s.

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One of the ways to determine the benefits of a particular municipality and indicate its readiness to cooperate with potential investors is to promote standards of effective and transparent local administration. This task can be realized through the certification of cities and municipalities with a favorable business environment. Certification is a process that, among other things, allows the assessment of quality of services and information that municipalities provide for investors and businessmen. It is a process aiming at improvement of business environment in Serbia through institutional reforms with the active participation and cooperation of industry, municipalities and citizens. One of the key questions is to determine the importance of the criteria relevant for evaluating the attractiveness of municipality in terms of potential investors. Analysis of criteria importance for certification of cities and municipalities with a favorable business environment, shown in this paper, aims to identify those who have played a key role in the efficiency of municipalities and cities in attracting foreign direct investment. This paper presents three alternative ways of determining the importance of the criteria. The results of this analysis should indicate to the authorities of cities and municipalities possible ways of improving their position at the list of those with a favorable business environment.

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Tsacheva, St. « COMMUNITY-LED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LAG “GALABOVO-OPAN” – ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES ». Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020) : 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.085.

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The study follows and analyzes the work of LAG “Galabovo-Opan”, the objectives achieved by the organization, and the results obtained during the implementation of the Strategy for Community-led Local Development within the Programme “Rural Development” for 2016-2019. The object of this report is the activity of local communities for the development of the strategy, the formation of expert groups, the selection of potential beneficiaries and building capacities for its implementation in two municipalities from the region of Stara Zagora. The two municipalities have a different profile with respect to economic branches – highly developed mining industry and energetics in Galabovo Municipality and predominant agriculture in a municipality comprised by villages, such as Opan Municipality. We have also included the more important projects realized by LAG “Galabovo-Opan” for the above mentioned period.

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Dilmurad, Vahabdjanov, Erzurumlu Kerem, Çitak Murat et Solmaz B. Sami. « Open source software usage on municipalities ; a case study : Çankaya municipality ». Procedia Computer Science 3 (2011) : 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.132.

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Antunes, Ana, João Botelho, José João Mendes, Ana Sintra Delgado, Vanessa Machado et Luís Proença. « Geographical Distribution of Periodontitis Risk and Prevalence in Portugal Using Multivariable Data Mining and Modeling ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 20 (20 octobre 2022) : 13634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013634.

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We aimed to estimate the geographical distribution of periodontitis prevalence and risk based on sociodemographic and economic data. This study used sociodemographic, economic, and health services data obtained from a regional survey and governmental open data sources. Information was gathered for all 308 Portuguese municipalities and compiled in a large set of 52 variables. We employed principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and clustering techniques to model the Portuguese nationwide geographical distribution of the disease. Estimation of periodontitis risk for each municipality was achieved by calculation of a normalized score, obtained as an adjusted linear combination of six independent factors that were extracted through PCA/FA. The municipalities were also classified according to a quartile-based risk grade in each cluster. Additionally, linear regression was used to estimate the periodontitis prevalence within the peri-urban municipality clusters, accounting for 30.5% of the Portuguese population. A total of nine municipality clusters were obtained with the following characteristics: mainly rural/low populated, including small villages (one), partly rural, including small cities (two), mainly urban/peri-urban, including medium-sized to large cities (4), and urban/large cities (2). Within the clusters, a higher periodontitis risk was identified for municipalities with lower income, older populations. The estimated periodontitis prevalence for the 18 municipalities included in the four peri-urban clusters ranged from 41.2% to 69.0%. Periodontitis prevalence estimates range from 41.2% to 69.0% for the municipalities characterized as peri-urban and mainly urban, most of them located in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, the tenth largest in Europe.

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Trussel, John M., et Patricia A. Patrick. « Assessing and ranking the financial risk of municipal governments ». Journal of Applied Accounting Research 19, n^o 1 (12 février 2018) : 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-05-2016-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to assess and rank the financial risk of a municipal government (“municipality”). Financial risk is the likelihood that a municipality will experience financial distress. Design/methodology/approach Logistic regression is used with financial indicators to assess the level of financial risk. Then, the municipalities are ranked according to their financial risk. As predictor variables for the regression model, indicators are used that were developed by a Pennsylvania state agency to monitor the financial condition of municipalities. Findings Financial risk is positively associated with debt service, population, tax effort, and public service on roadways, while negatively correlated with intergovernmental revenues, operating position, user charges, capital outlays, fund balances, and tax revenue concentration. The financial risk model is able to correctly classify up to 99 percent of municipalities as either at risk or not at risk of financial distress. Research limitations/implications The financial risk model was developed using data from one state in the USA. Further research is needed to test the model’s application to other states and countries. Practical implications Financial risk is on the rise since the Great Recession. This study may be used by municipal managers, citizens, creditors, and regulators to assess and rank the financial risk of a municipality. Originality/value This study provides a method of classifying municipalities as either at risk or not at risk of financial distress. Previous models of the financial condition of municipalities do not provide a method of assessing and ranking financial risk.

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Liukinevičienė, Laima, et Evelina Kvietkienė. « The Singleness of Increasing the Involvement of the Deaf into Decision-Making in Municipalities in the Republic of Lithuania ». Socialiniai tyrimai 36, n^o 3 (22 décembre 2014) : 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/st.2014.23031.

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Surveys implemented in the municipalities of the biggest Lithuanian cities in 2013-2014 have indicated the main reasons for the insufficient inclusion of the deaf into the decision-making in municipalities in the Republic of Lithuania. The singleness for the improvement of the situation in municipalities has been modelled on the base of the mentioned results by activating all budgetary and public organisations operating under the Board of Municipality as well as Administration.

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Markowska, Ewelina, et Piotr Możyłowski. « Economic situation and municipal budget income of forestry tax ». Central European Review of Economics & ; Finance 20, n^o 4 (31 août 2017) : 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2017.017.

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The actual forestry tax is a relatively new development in the Polish tax system. It was introduced in 1991. It is one of the own revenues of municipalities. Budget revenues of municipalities in respect of forestry tax depend on the economic situation, as well as the degree of afforestation in the municipality. The aim of this publication is to present the economic impact on budget revenues of municipalities in respect of forestry tax .

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Marišová, Eleonóra, et Ivana Lichnerová. « Contractual Cooperation of Municipalities for Performance of Transferred Competencies in the Building Sector ». EU agrarian Law 8, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2019-0010.

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AbstractThe reform of the self–governments in Slovakia caused the transfer of competencies from state authorities to municipalities. Every municipality is in accordance with Act no. 369/1990 Coll. on the Municipal Establishment obliged to ensure original and transferred competences for its inhabitants. However, for objective reasons, not all municipalities are able to perform them. Municipalities began to use the possibility of mutual contractual cooperation in accordance with the amendment to the Act on Municipal Establishment, under which municipalities can cooperate with each other for the purpose of carrying out a specific task or activity. Such cooperation between municipalities also exists for the purpose of exercising competence in the field of the building order. Pursuant to Act no. 50/1976 Coll. as amended, each municipality is a building authority. The aim of the paper is to qualitatively assess the reasons for contractual cooperation between the municipalities of the Nitra (NR) and Košice (KE) regions in the area of the building order (by using the method of structured interview). So far, 2 649 municipalities, which are a part of 189 joint building offices (JBO), have used the possibility of mutual contractual cooperation in the SR. Specifically, in the NR region there are 343 municipalities, which are part of 26 JBOs and in the KE region 391 municipalities, which are part of 28 JBOs. The qualitative method was used to find out the opinions of the building offices. Based on the obtained results, an optimal solution for problems of cooperation of municipalities was proposed by adopting new legislation, namely by the allocation of building offices to the seats of registry offices.

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Heukelbach, Jorg, et Nathiel de Sousa Silva. « A rapid assessment method to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasitoses in Brazil : tungiasis and scabies as case studies ». One Health & ; Implementation Research 3, n^o 1 (2023) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.26.

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The epidemiologies of the ectoparasitoses tungiasis and scabies are unknown, and their distribution has not been described systematically in Brazil. We developed a rapid assessment method (RAM) based on an online questionnaire as a new tool to assess the prevalence of tungiasis and scabies and severe disease at the municipality level in the state of Ceará in northeast Brazil. As a first step, online records of tungiasis and scabies were collected from scientific publications, lay media, and the gray literature. Then, an image-based RAM with questions about the prevalence of these diseases, severe diseases, and animal reservoirs was developed as an online open questionnaire. Valid responses were obtained from 1265 respondents, primarily health professionals, from all 184 municipalities in the state. The literature review returned results for only two municipalities. The number of responses from the online questionnaires differed considerably between municipalities (one to 104 responses/municipality). Active contact with municipality health secretariats increased the number of respondents, especially community health agents. The RAM obtained consistent results regarding the prevalence and other epidemiological information. Our approach rapidly obtained primary data on the occurrence of these two important but neglected ectoparasitoses at the municipality level without considerable cost. This approach provides information for planning evidence-based control measures and identifying high-risk areas for focused studies. The RAM can easily be adapted and extended to other settings, countries, and diseases.

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Lukáč, Jozef, Katarína Teplická, Katarína Čulková et Daniela Hrehová. « Evaluation of the Financial Performance of the Municipalities in Slovakia in the Context of Multidimensional Statistics ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, n^o 12 (25 novembre 2021) : 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120570.

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In some studies, only financial aspects are emphasized, but we also see cases of assessing the financial health of municipalities through socio-economic indicators. Public organizations worldwide have had to increase their financial performance by adopting management practices. Nonetheless, financial performance might be mostly predicted by contingencies that are not within direct managerial control. The purpose of this paper is to identify clusters of municipalities on the basis of agglomerate cluster analysis, the results of which will point to the financial situation of the municipalities in the selected region. The main aim of this contribution is to identify the location of the municipalities of the chosen self-governing region of Slovakia using the clustering method by selected financial indicators. Individual clusters have similar properties and they differ from the characteristics of businesses in other clusters. The results show that organizational and environmental contingencies affect financial performance, but a significant amount of variation in financial performance is unexplained—indicating that management creates better financial health in the municipality and creates a clearer budget for the management, employees, and residents of the municipality.

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Hoss, Louise, Natali Rodrigues dos Santos, Carolina Faccio Demarco, Ana Luiza Bertani Dall' Agnol, Larissa Loebens, Maurizio Silveira Quadro, Robson Andreazza et Érico Kunde Corrêa. « Urban solid waste in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul state ». Ciência e Natura 41 (14 novembre 2019) : 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x37500.

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The National Solid Waste Policy creates tools for the correct management of waste, such as municipal solid waste management plans. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the generation of municipal solid waste and public management policies in municipalities in the Southern Zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Fourteen municipalities were analyzed, where the data of urban and rural population, population served, amount of annual waste collection, annual per capita generation, amount of recycled waste and the final disposal site of the wastes were collected. The municipality with the lowest percentage of collection coverage was Pedras Altas with a value of 35.1% and the highest was Pelotas, with a value of 96.55% collection coverage. Only 50% of the municipalities analyzed have an agreement with recycling cooperatives or associations. The city of Morro Redondo has the highest recycling rate, of 16.25%. Regarding the final disposal, most of the municipalities carry out the outsourcing of this service, and only the municipality of Chuí has its own sanitary landfill.

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