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1
Dihel, Nora Carina. « Temporary movements of services providers from Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union / ». [Bucureşti] : Ed. DBH, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013195171&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texte intégral
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BARANSKI, Marcin. « Constitutional pluralism in the European Union : a critical reassessment ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/72280.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 26 July 2021Examining Board: Professor Dennis M. Patterson (European University Institute); Professor Gábor Halmai (European University Institute); Professor Jan Komárek (University of Copenhagen); Professor Alexander Somek (University of Vienna)
The aim of this thesis is to offer a comprehensive and critical analysis of one of the most popular and prolific strands in European legal scholarship, i.e., constitutional pluralism. Specifically, the thesis seeks to challenge the central claim advanced by pluralist scholars with regard to the legal structure of the European Union: namely that the relationship between the EU and national legal orders is best conceptualized and understood as a heterarchical rather than hierarchical one. To that purpose, the thesis examines the work of leading scholars of pluralism– –Neil MacCormick, Kaarlo Tuori, Mattias Kumm, and Miguel Poiares Maduro–– all of whom advanced such heterarchical rather than hierarchical understandings of the aforesaid relationship. In so doing, the thesis attempts to address two main questions: first, does pluralism succeed in offering a descriptively and analytically sound account of the common European legal ordering; and second, how do the traditional, positivist, and hierarchical accounts of law fare in comparison with their pluralist contenders? The thesis concludes that while pluralist scholars should be given credit for bringing to light certain distinctive features of the European legal ordering, upon closer examination, their analyses appear to confirm (rather than deny) some crucial insights of said positivist theories, along with their allegedly outdated and distorting, hierarchical understanding of law and legality. Furthermore, it is argued that the pluralist attempts to set aside the positivist questions about the ultimate grounds of law, final authority and constitutional supremacy in the European Union prove unsuccessful in view of the growing constitutional disagreement therein. Finally, the thesis suggests that the nature of the current European legal or constitutional setting is better captured by the notion of national constitutional supremacy, rather than the core pluralist idea of heterarchy.
3
MARTINELLI, Thibault. « Intergovernmental action above, below and alongside the European Union : the law and practice of parallel and partial agreements between member states ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 18 February 2022Examining Board: Professor Bruno de Witte (European University Insitute) ; Professor Marise Cremona (European University Institute) ; Professor Daniel Thym (Universität Konstanz) ; Professor Bernardus Smulders (Vrije Universiteit Brussel/European Commission)
In the last decades, the EU has gradually become Member States’ preferred vehicle through which they deepen intra-European cooperation. In that context, they act mainly through the European Union and its institutional apparatus, which they have endowed with defined missions and for the benefit of which they have limited their sovereign rights. Yet the establishment of the Union has also given rise to a Union system lato sensu outside the Union legal order stricto sensu but within the broader system of public international law within which that order is situated. In this grey area, Member States act collectively, alongside, below and above the Union in close connection with its integration agenda, by way of treaties governed by international law. In a cases-based analysis, this research unpacks those forms of intergovernmental action, from the early days of the EEC up until now. The thesis investigates the following questions: How to differentiate action through and outside the Union? Why do Member States take the intergovernmental route when they could have acted through the Union? What is the effect of ‘reverting to international law’ on the development of the Union and its institutional balance? And conversely how does Union law and its development affect the ways in which Member States act collectively outside the Union framework? The thesis ultimately nuances the dominant view that sees intergovernmental action in a negative normative light. In the current constitutional context, acting intergovernmental does carry significant risks in terms of legal compliance, accountability, and transparency. Yet many intergovernmental accords, it is argued, enhance, or protect the foundational trust between Member States and vis-à-vis the Union that makes common action possible.
4
GRAF, VON LUCKNER Johannes. « Cornerstones of enhanced cooperation : the principles of openness and last resort in light of past experiences and future challenges ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/64644.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Award date: 1 October 2018Supervisor: Professor Deirdre Curtin
Enhanced cooperation is the EU’s most general, multi-purpose, and thus differentiation-friendly possibility to legislate without binding all Member States. After years of initial reluc-tance, it has been put into practice in a number of cases in the last years. In light of these developments, many perspectives on enhanced cooperation are worth revisiting. At the same time, the EU has recently been facing numerous fundamental challenges, and enhanced co-operation could be one of the tools for policy makers to consider when searching for solutions. It does so by analysing two crucial legal aspects of the enhanced cooperation mechanism in depth: the last resort principle and the principle of openness. Both principles stand out among the law governing enhanced cooperation as particularly important, defining notions – indeed, cornerstones of enhanced cooperation.
5
Lu, Yun. « The preliminary ruling : jurisdictional mechanism of cooperation between the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182114.
Texte intégral
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Barani, Luca. « Cour européenne de justice et les limites de son autonomie supranationale ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210478.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La thèse effectue une revue de la littérature scientifique sur la Cour dans le processus d’intégration juridique, en classant les différentes positions selon qu’ils définissent le rôle de la Cour comme réactif ou pro-actif. En faisant cette revue de la littérature, cinq facteurs sont mis en exergue pour ce qui concerne la problématique de l’autonomie de la Cour, qui feront l’objet d’une analyse approfondie dans la suite de la thèse :I) Limites inhérentes à l’interprétation juridique des Traités tels qu’ils se retrouvent dans les règles institutionnalisées du raisonnement de la Cour ;
II) L’interaction, au niveau européen, entre la Cour et les autres institutions ;
III) Les pressions et les stratégies d’influence des Etats membres vis-à-vis de la Cour comme agent de leurs préférences ;
IV) La dépendance structurelle de la Cour supranationale vis-à-vis ses interlocuteurs judiciaires au niveau national ;
V) Le degré d’obéissance que les appareils administratifs et exécutifs des Etats membres démontrent vis-à-vis la jurisprudence de la Cour.
Par rapport à ces facteurs, et leur importance relative dans la détermination de la ligne d’action de la Cour de Justice, la thèse évalue les changements et les défis auxquels est soumise la fonction de la Cour de justice au niveau de l’Union européenne, en particulier par rapport à l’environnement de plus en plus critique ou évolue la trajectoire jurisprudentielle de la Cour par rapport aux acteurs politiques et juridiques, l’érosion du caractère sui generis du droit communautaire dans le contexte du droit international, le rôle de plus en plus affiché des cours nationales, et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se trouve à agir cette juridiction.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Karayannis, Vassilios-Petros. « Liberté économique et défense de l'intérêt général : le problème de retransmission par câble des émissions télévisées dans l'Union européenne ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La thèse aborde le droit européen de la télévision sous deux aspects :les régimes administratifs d’accès des émissions télévisées aux réseaux câblés et les droits intellectuels. En ce qui concerne l’accès des émissions aux réseaux câblés, la thèse met en avant le besoin de sauvegarder un service public de l’audiovisuel. Celui-ci est défini comme un ensemble des règles qui visent à la fois le paysage audiovisuel propre à chaque Etat membre (par exemple pluralisme) et le contenu des émissions proprement dit (émissions informatives, éducatives, épanouissement culturel etc.). Le droit communautaire primaire et dérivé, tel qu’interprété par la Cour de justice, fournit les moyens de conciliation entre, d’une part les intérêts généraux et, d’autre part, les exigences découlant de la libre prestation de services et de la libre concurrence.
En ce qui concerne l’application des droits intellectuels, la thèse aborde la problématique liée à l’épuisement ou la subsistance de ceux-ci. Dans le cas de la câblodistribution, la Cour a affirmé la subsistance du droit. Cette position est corroboré par la nouvelle directive européenne sur le droit d’auteur et les droits voisins dans la société de l’information. La thèse appuie la position de subsistance en considérant qu’elle constitue une condition essentielle pour la juste récompense des auteurs.
Enfin, la thèse aborde les questions plus spécifiques qui naissent à propos de la convergence technologique et juridique. Tout d’abord, il est avancé que le service public de l’audiovisuel n’est pas uniquement lié à des contraintes techniques, mais essentiellement à des objectifs qualitatifs (contenu des émissions). Ainsi, la thèse plaide en faveur de la pérpetuité du service public de l’audiovisuel dans l’ère du numérique. Par ailleurs, des questions plus spécifiques (comme l’accès à la boucle locale, l’interconnexion des réseaux et la numérisation des infrastructures) ont été examinées.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
8
VAN, LEEUWEN Barend. « Paradoxes of convergence : European standardisation of services and its impact on private law ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/35521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 13 April 2015Examining Board: Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Stefan Grundmann, EUI; Professor Catherine Barnard, Trinity College, University of Cambridge; Professor Carla Sieburgh, Radboud Universiteit.
This thesis analyses European standardisation of services and its impact on private law. It tells a story of two paradoxes. First of all, the EU – in particular, the European Commission – would like European standardisation of services to improve the internal market for services. However, it is not actually taking any steps to guarantee that European standardisation of services facilitates free movement of services. With the New Approach for goods, European standardisation of goods has been made a tool for internal-market building. Such a regulatory approach has not been developed for European standardisation of services. As a result, it is difficult for the EU to exercise control over the reasons of stakeholders to start working on European services standards. An analysis of European standardisation in the healthcare and tourism sectors shows that parties start making European services standards for various reasons, which often have little to do with the improvement of the internal market. Therefore, the Commission cannot rely on European standardisation as a regulatory strategy to improve free movement of services. Secondly, because there is no European regulatory framework in which European services standards play a clear role, the parties which make European services standards become responsible for their application in law. They want their standards to play a role in private law – in particular, in contract law and in certification schemes. However, although stakeholders want European services standards to be applied in private law, they do not really care about the requirements which are imposed by private law. European services standards are not adopted in a legal vacuum – they regularly interact and clash with existing legal regulation. There is a real risk that European services standards might contain provisions which breach the free movement and competition law provisions. This will prevent their successful application in private law.
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MATAIJA, Mislav. « Private regulation, competition and free movement : sport, legal services and standard setting in EU economic law ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29605.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 18 November 2013Examining Board: Professor Petros C. Mavroidis, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Giorgio Monti, EUI; Professor Allan Rosas, Court of Justice of the European Union; Professor Stephen Weatherill, University of Oxford.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The thesis studies the application of EU free movement law and competition law to private regulation, understood as rule-setting, implementation and/or enforcement by private actors, whether on their own or in partnership with State bodies. Such private or co-regulatory schemes can be a beneficial way of achieving various public interest aims. They may also, however, restrict trade or competition. I argue that free movement (Chapter 2) and competition (Chapter 3) rules have been used as a form of meta-regulation, affecting the way private regulatory schemes are organised and structured. By doing so, however, they were forced to deal with situations that cannot be classified neatly following a public-private distinction. In response, the case law of the Court of Justice and the practice of the Commission have adapted by extending scrutiny over a wider variety of measures of private regulators while also broadening the scope for justification. This, however, increases the likelihood of overlap of the free movement and competition rules, which I analyze in Chapter 4, arguing that the two sets of rules should not be mutually exclusive but that their limits should be defined more clearly on their own terms. Finally, I look at the interaction between free movement and competition, as well as their impact, in three sectors where private regulation is prominent: sports (Chapter 5), legal services (Chapter 6) and standard-setting (Chapter 7). I discuss the justifications for regulation in all three sectors, as well as the legislative and institutional setting in which private regulators operate. In all three case areas, the two sets of rules were used in a partly strategic way to influence reforms of private regulation. The application of the rules was mainly driven by institutional choices rather than the objective‘ requirements of legal doctrine.
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ORLANDINI, Giovanni. « Il conflitto sindacale nei servizi pubblici essenziali : modelli regolativi a confronto nel processo d'integrazione europea ». Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4736.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 24 November 2001; Examining Board: Prof. Emeritus, Lord Wedderburn, (London School of Economics); Prof. Roberto Romei, (University of Florence); Prof. Bruno de Witte (EUI); Prof. Silvana Sciarra (EUI, supervisor)PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
[From the introduction:] La domanda circa il futuro del conflitto sindacale, che si è detto sottendere all’intero lavoro qui introdotto, resterà aperta. Ciò che però si vuol far emergere con forza dall’analisi comparata e comunitaria è come la sopravvivenza del diritto di sciopero presuppone che si compia quel processo di costituzionalizzazione dei diritti sociali fondamentali, che a Nizza è solo timidamente iniziato. La scelta di fondo da compiere è tra un diritto del lavoro che riconosca ancora una funzione “autonoma” ai diritti collettivi, ed uno che li riduca a variabili dipendenti degli obiettivi di politica economica e dei vincoli di competitività del mercato. Resta ovviamente la consapevolezza che molto dipenderà dalla capacità dei lavoratori organizzati di trovare forme e modi d’azione incisivi anche sul piano sovranazionale, dal momento che sono le lotte dei lavoratori a dar vita ai diritti sindacali e non viceversa.
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ADAMANTIDOU, Elsa. « Le desetatisation des services d'utilite publique : cadre et limites juridiques en droit communautaire et en droit hellenique : telecommunications, services postaux et electricite ». Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4536.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 3 February 1997Examining board: Luis María Díez-Picazo (directeur, Institut Universitaire Européen) ; Prof. Vassilios Skouris (directeur externe, Université Aristotle de Thessalonique) ; Prof. Claus-Dieter Ehlermann (Institut Universitaire Européen) ; Prof. Elisenda Malaret (Université de Barcelone) ; Prof. Yves Mény (Directeur du Centre Robert Schuman)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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SCHLEISS, Yvonne. « The European Union and its regions : the position of sub-national levels in European integration and the contribution of the white paper on European governance ». Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5620.
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ENGSTRÖM, Johanna Eva Maria. « The Europeanisation of remedies and procedures through judge-made law : can a Trojan horse achieve effectiveness ? : experiences of the Swedish judiciary ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12704.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Author was awarded the European Public Law Group's special distinction 2010 for her PhD thesis.Defence date: 28 September 2009
Examining Board: Profs. Ulf Bernitz (External Co-Supervisor, University of Stockholm); Gráinne de Burca (Supervisor, former EUI and Fordham University); Bruno De Witte (EUI); Walter van Gerven (University of Leuven)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Through the judge-made requirements developed in its case-law, the Court of Justice has laid down obligations on national courts to provide effective judicial protection for individuals that seek to enforce Community law claims. This thesis will study the Europeanisation of national remedies and procedures that comes about in this process. I will carry out the analysis in two stages. In the first stage, I will look from a European perspective at the principle of effective judicial protection, which I will view as a Trojan horse containing the judge-made requirements, and establish what is understood by effective judicial protection. I will seek to identify more precise obligations incumbent on national courts in relation to different remedies and procedural rules. Moreover, I will seek to establish the rationale of the Court's intervention into national procedural autonomy. In particular, I will consider if the rationale is a concern to protect individual rights or whether the language of 'rights' is rather used as a legitimizing pretext for enhancing the general effectiveness of Community law and for harmonising remedies and procedures. In a second stage, the thesis will empirically study the Europeanisation of remedies and procedures at the domestic level, by looking at the Swedish judiciary's reaction to those judge-made requirements. It is only by looking at what happens when the Trojan horse unfolds in the national legal system that one can understand its role and whether the principle, in practice, achieves the intended rationales, or whether its complexity in fact hampers effective judicial protection. It will emerge that, in the Swedish context, there is a gap between European theory and national practice. In this respect, the study will highlight the role of the national legal and judicial culture in ensuring the effectiveness of Community law. Conclusions will be drawn from the empirical study on whether the Trojan horse really does serve as a functional and effective tool to achieve Europeanisation of remedies and procedures and the Court's intended rationales. I will call for clarifications, coherence and better 'judicial governance' of this complicated area of law.
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ROSATI, Eleonora. « Judge-made EU copyright harmonisation : the case of originality ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/24616.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Examining Board: Professor Lionel Bently, University of Cambridge; Professor Hans W Micklitz, European University Institute; Professor Jeremy Phillips, Queen Mary University of London; Professor Giovanni Sartor, European University Institute (Supervisor).First made available online on 26 May 2017
Defence date: 22 October 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Over the last few years, political and academic attention has focused on the future of copyright at the EU level. Following two decades of piecemeal legislative interventions, which have resulted in a limited harmonisation of the copyright laws of EU Member States, a debate has ensued as to the feasibility and desirability of achieving full copyright harmonisation at the EU level. This might be obtained either through a EU copyright code, encompassing a codification of the present body of EU copyright directives, or by way of a regulation (to be enacted pursuant to new Article 118(1) TFEU), aimed at creating an optional unitary copyright title. Thus far, however, no such legislative initiatives have been undertaken. Despite this impasse, the CJEU has notably been acting in a proactive way, inching towards full harmonisation. With its 2009 decision in Case C-5/08 Infopaq, the Court provided a EU-wide understanding of an important principle of copyright: the originality requirement. The CJEU further elaborated upon this in subsequent case law (notably, Case C-393/09 Bezpečnostní Softwarová Asociace, Joined Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08 Murphy, Case C-145/10 Painer, Case C-604/10 Football Dataco and Case C-406/10 SAS). The meaning of originality adopted by the CJEU as a EU-wide standard is akin to that envisaged in continental Member States’ copyright laws, thus differing from the loose notion of originality under UK law. As such, an examination as to the implications of CJEU harmonising jurisprudence in this Member State shall be undertaken, with regard to the scope of copyright protection and subject-matter categorisation. Overall, this contribution wishes to assess how, and to what extent, CJEU case law has resulted in de facto EU copyright harmonisation. In addition, it will attempt to foresee the fate of EU copyright in light of copyright reform projects which are currently being discussed in political and academic circles both in the US and Europe.
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NIGLIA, Leone. « Contract through Integration : The impact of the EC directive on unfair terms on national regimes of law of contract ». Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4727.
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KROEGER, Malte. « Disaggregation via 'governmental independence' : EU law as a trigger for domestic administrative authorities and the disaggregation of the member states' executive ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32134.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Award date: 12 December 2013Supervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The thesis addresses a recent development in EU administrative law at the interface between the principle of primacy of EU law and the competence of the Member States to enforce EU law. EU law obliges Member States in a growing number of directives or regulations to equip their administrative authorities with independence from the government (‘governmental inde-pendence’). On the basis of two recent decisions of the European Court of Justice concerning the independence of national data protection authorities the legal meaning of governmental independence will be elaborated. This thesis argues that there is a broader approach in EU law triggering the establishment of domestic independent administrative authorities. However, obliging Member States to decouple domestic authorities from the national government is not without consequences. In order to determine these consequences the reception of EU inde-pendence requirements in France and Germany is examined in-depth for which telecommuni-cations, data protection and statistics serve as the fields of reference. In the following, this thesis focuses on the effect within the executive of the Member States and claims that Mem-ber States lose their autonomy regarding the setting up of their internal administrative organi-sation while self-confident administrative authorities appear on the national level challenging governmental decisions: the disaggregating effect. In contrast to other analyses, this thesis provides arguments that this development is not directed to technocratic models of govern-ance, but to a more effective application and enforcement of EU law which exceeds field-specific approaches to independent institutions. Furthermore, the competence of the EU to oblige Member States to create independent domestic administrative authorities is neither constrained by the respect of the national identity (Article 4 (2) TEU) nor by the principle of institutional autonomy. However, granting independence to domestic independent administra-tive authorities combined with a re-integration to the European Commission infringes the principle of a decentralised administrative structure as laid down in Article 291 (1) TFEU.
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DE, LA MARE Thomas. « Judicial cross-fertilisation in the European Community ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5569.
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MAYORAL, DÍAZ-ASENSIO Juan Antonio. « The politics of judging EU law : a new approach to national courts in the legal integration of Europe ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29634.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 5 December 2013Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, European University Institute/ Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (Supervisor); Professor Bruno de Witte, European University Institute/Maastricht University; Professor Marlene Wind, University of Copenhagen; Professor Alec Stone Sweet, Yale University.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This research aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the political and institutional processes that are at work in the judicial application of EU law on a national level. As a main novelty, the research intends to go beyond judicial behaviour models that focus predominantly on explaining the use of preliminary references. One could namely suggest that the way national courts participate in the preliminary reference procedure is not sufficient to assess the available modes for the judicial integration of Europe. Accordingly, the study considers the impact of political institutional and attitudinal factors affecting the judicial enforcement of EU law. This is done by posing new questions, for instance, the relevance of national judges’ preferences towards EU legal order and institutions, as well as by evaluating and reviewing the impact of political and legal institutions on their behaviour and its consequences for policy areas. First of all, the analysis confirms the influence of judges’ evaluation of EU institutions and their national counterparts on their self-perception as EU judges and, subsequently, in the application of EU law. Secondly, the study shows how national institutions, like governments and national high courts, play a prominent role in shaping national courts’ incentives for the application of EU law, as they may use their institutional power to circumvent judges’ decisions. Finally, it reviews the strategic use of European instruments such as the CJEU precedent and its doctrines (e.g. supremacy) to overcome domestic threats when applying EU law. To conclude, the study tries to expand the explanatory power of the middle range accounts of the role national courts played, by integrating the analytical strength of the legalist/ intergovernmentalist theories into neo-functionalism.
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MILLET, François-Xavier. « L'Union européenne et l'identité constitutionnelle de l'Etat membre ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25134.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 3 December 2012Examining Board: Professeur Loïc Azoulai, EUI; Professeur Bruno De Witte, Maastricht University/EUI (directeur de thèse); Professeur Mattias Kumm, New York University/WZB; Professeur Gérard Marcou, Ecole de droit de la Sorbonne (co-directeur).
On 14 June 2013 awarded the Mauro Cappelletti Prize.
Attribué le prix de thèse du Conseil constitutionnel 2013.
First made available online 19 March 2019
D’un côté de l’échiquier, l’Union européenne, arc-boutée sur la vénérable jurisprudence Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, aspire légitimement, en tant qu’auteur d’un droit commun, à la primauté de l’ensemble de sa production normative sur l’ensemble du droit des États membres, y compris constitutionnel. Elle apparaît à première vue indifférente vis-à-vis de constitutions qui ne seraient que l’expression d’un «narcissisme des petites différences» de mauvais aloi dans un contexte d’unification européenne. De l’autre côté de l’échiquier en revanche, les États membres, après avoir accepté - non sans mal - que les normes de l’Union puissent prévaloir sur les lois nationales même postérieures, restent inflexibles sur la supériorité ultime de leurs constitutions sur tout autre droit. Les juridictions constitutionnelles des États semblent même se coaliser afin d’imposer leurs constitutions respectives comme ultime horizon. Aussi, le conflit apparaît insurmontable. Beaucoup s’y sont essayés en vain: on ne saurait réconcilier l’inconciliable. La litanie est bien connue et peu encourageante. Une telle vision manichéenne - oserons-nous dire dualiste, à moins qu’il ne s’agisse en fin de compte de monisme - occulte cependant l’imbrication qui est déjà à l’œuvre entre la constitution matérielle de l’Union et les constitutions des États. C’est cette imbrication que nous souhaiterions montrer dans cette étude de droit constitutionnel européen et comparé, sous l’angle de l’identité constitutionnelle nationale. Il apparaît en effet que l’identité constitutionnelle des États membres pourrait être cette passerelle tant attendue : en tant qu’elle est à la fois un concept du droit de l’Union et un concept du droit national, elle fait figure de norme de convergence entre ordres juridiques susceptible de fournir une réponse - probablement imparfaite mais néanmoins bienvenue - au conflit constitutionnel. Miracle ou mirage? Tout ne sera finalement qu’affaire de points de vue.
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REUTER, Kristin. « Competence creep via the duty of loyalty ? : article 4 (3) TEU and its changing role in EU external relations ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/28050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (Supervisor) Professor Bruno De Witte, European University Institute Professor Sara Poli, Università di Pisa Dr Anne Thies, University of Reading.Defence date: 5 September 2013
First made available online on 22 January 2016.
With the growing awareness in EU external relations that the existence of Member States' competence does not necessarily allow them to freely exercise such competence, the duty of sincere cooperation laid down in Article 4 (3) TEU is increasingly becoming the focus of academic attention. In light of the vast potential of the duty to encroach on Member State prerogatives, in combination with a number of striking developments in the Court's case law in the field of external relations, particularly in recent years, the question arises whether Article 4 (3) TEU is slowly turning into an instrument for the Union institutions to achieve a loss of national competence, disguised as restrictions on the Member States' freedom to exercise their powers. This thesis investigates which role Article 4 (3) TEU has really played in governing the relationship between the EU and the Member States in external relations. It sets out to answer the positive question of which concept of federalism dominates the exercise of external powers. Building on this foundation, the thesis ultimately endeavours to provide an answer to the normative question regarding the vision of federalism best suited to the needs of both the Member States and the EU when acting on the international scene. In order to answer these questions, the thesis seeks to transpose Halberstam's theory of the political morality in federal systems to the field of EU external relations. Looking at the interpretation given to Article 4 (3) TEU, both in its detailed reasoning and as part of a broader picture may then allow us to appreciate the construction of the loyalty obligation as the reasoned outcome of a constitutional process involving the EU institutions, the Court of Justice and the Member States themselves. It will be argued that instead of pursuing political harmony between the Member States and the Union by way of creeping competence, Article 4 (3) TEU emphasises cooperation, compliance and complementarity in areas where the rigid division of competence would otherwise render the system of external relations ineffective.
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LIETAERT, Matthieu. « Building EU Trade Governance. The European Commission and Non-State Actors in External Trade in Services Policy ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/17694.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 26 October 2009Examining Board: David Coen (UCL), Martin Rhodes (University of Denver, formerly EUI) (Supervisor), Sven Steinmo (EUI), Bastiaan van Apeldoorn (VU Amsterdam)
First made available online: 29 July 2021
This thesis contributes to the literature on EU studies by analysing how and why the European Union adopted a new trade agenda in the mid-1990s that departed from previous policies. While the EU was focused largely on its internal market from the mid-1980s onwards, external trade strategy became a key item on the agenda a decade later, wrapped in a more aggressive and free-market stance. I argue that the European Commission rather than the EU member-states was the key player in the decade that followed the signature of the Uruguay Round, and introduced services into trade negotiations. More precisely, based on empirical data from the years when Leon Brittan (1994-1999) and Pascal Lamy (1999-2004) presided as EU Trade Commissioners, the thesis analyses the European Commission’s central role as a skilful ‘network creator’ both in pushing for, and legitimising, an expansion of the free-trade agenda from goods to services. However, this research also argues that the Commission did not act alone, and that different kinds of non-state actors must also be analysed in order to understand changing EU trade governance at the dawn of the 21st century.
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BOEGER, Nina. « Re-visiting services of general interest : what model for the Union ? » Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5484.
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JACOBSSON, Johanna. « Preferentialism in services trade : an interpretation of the WTO rules and their application to the European Union's trade agreements in the field of services ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/44488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 12 December 2016Examining Board: Professor Petros C. Mavroidis, European University Institute ; Professor Bernard M. Hoekman, European University Institut ; Judge Allan Rosas, Court of Justice of the European Union ; Professor Robert Wolfe, Queen's University, Canada
The thesis focuses on the liberalization of services in the context of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The first part develops an interpretation of Article V of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) that regulates the conclusion of the so-called economic integration agreements (EIAs). It is argued that in the context of preferentialism, the GATS does not impose any market access discipline but aims at creating a non-discriminatory trading environment. Special attention is paid to Mode 4 and to the type of liberalization that it covers. In the second part of the thesis the main elements of Article V GATS (sectoral/modal coverage and non-discrimination) are employed to conduct an empirical analysis of EIAs. The chosen sample includes four of the European Unionﾒs international trade agreements that feature significant services liberalization. The services schedules of these four agreements are reviewed and rated to find out their level of liberalization. In the context of the EU, its services commitments continue, to a large extent, to be determined individually by its Member States. As the thesis shows, significant variations still exist among different Member States both in horizontal and sector-specific commitments. The thesis connects the EUﾒs internal situation to the wider issue of how deep EIAs should be in order to escape claims of non-compliance. It asks the question of how the exact coverage and level of non-discrimination should be assessed in a situation where commitments vary across different states or regions of the same contracting party. No clear answer can be provided but the thesis proposes that in order to be in line with its international obligations, the EU, as well as any WTO Member with internally divided regulatory powers in services, should ensure that when signing EIAs, the commitments of all Member States (or, in the case of other WTO Members, all states/regions/other entities with regulatory powers in services) reach the GATS threshold of substantiality in their level of liberalization.
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DA, COSTA LEITE BORGES Danielle. « European health systems and the internal market : towards new paradigms and values for the provision of health care services ? » Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/30898.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 1 February 2013.Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Christopher Newdick, University of Reading (External Co-Supervisor); Professor Claire Kilpatrick, European University Institute; Professor Vassilis Hatzopoulos, Visiting Professor at the College of Europe.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Using theories of distributive justice as its point of departure, this thesis deals with the tensions created by the application of the Internal Market rules to the provision of health care services within the European Union (EU). The main aim of the work is to analyse the impact of the Internal Market rules on common values and principles shared by European health systems, such as universality, accessibility, equity and solidarity. Moreover, it also aims to contribute to a more comprehensive and balanced interpretation of the role of the provision of health services in the context of the Internal Market and European Union law. The analysis developed in this thesis is conducted using the specific issue of cross-border health care, which has been chosen to demonstrate how solid values guiding European health systems can be affected by EU law and libertarian ideas. The work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a literature review regarding the questions of the special moral importance of health care and of theories of distributive justice used to justify the allocation of this special good among individuals. The discussion about theories of distributive justice and health care also includes the argument concerning the role of the market in health care provision. The second chapter focuses on the development of social rights of citizenship and its relationship with the welfare state. This includes the analysis of the meaning of solidarity and the concepts of European citizenship, both at national and supranational levels. The third chapter concentrates on the provision of health services at the national level. It begins by presenting a historic overview of the development of welfare services in the field of health care in Europe. Then there is an explanation of the models for financing and delivery of health care as well as their guiding principles. The fourth chapter analyses the framework of health services provision at the European level. It includes the analysis of EU legislation, such as Treaty provisions and secondary legislation, as well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on health services, as for example, cross-border health care and competition law cases. The fifth chapter looks at human rights law and documents in the field of health, outlining their relationship with theories of distributive justice and the provision of health care. Finally, the last chapter identifies the new paradigms and values introduced by the Internal Market rules in the field of health care, outlining their relationship with a libertarian view of health care. This chapter also examines how these new paradigms and values affect the principles of universality, accessibility, equity and solidarity at the national level, drawing conclusions about the role of the European Union in the realm of health care.
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CHATZIMANOLI, Despina. « Law and governance in the institutional organisation of EU financial services : the Lamfalussy procedure and the single supervisor revisited ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 9 March 2009Examining Board: Prof. Gráinne De Búrca, EUI- Fordham Law School- Harvard Law School (Supervisor); Prof. Marise Cremona, EUI (Internal Advisor); Prof. Takis Tridimas, Financial Law Unit, Queen Mary, University of London; Prof. Niamh Moloney, London School of Economics and Political Science- Financial Markets Group, University of London
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Financial markets help allocate capital efficiently across the economy, thereby boosting economic growth- hence the salience of the creation of a single market in financial services within the EU single market project. Nevertheless, despite the EU's financial regulatory programme, it appears that a fully-fledged single European financial market is yet to be achieved. According to some, the substantive context of EU financial regulation is partially to account for this failure. More recently, though, both in policy and academic circles, the focus has been shifting towards the governance of EU financial law. Within this context, this thesis analyses the institutional arrangements for EU financial market regulation and supervision - crystallized in the so-called Lamfalussy framework- and explores the potential and problems of the prospect of institutional consolidation (in the form of one or more EU financial authorities) as an alternative to that framework. The debate, which seemed to have subsided in recent years, is now again coming to the fore, in light of the ongoing international financial crisis. This evidences the close relationship between substance and governance: the quality of rules ultimately depends both on the input that produced them, as well as -if not more- on the quality of the implementation, application and enforcement of the rules. This discussion on the future of EU financial governance is undertaken in two parts. The thesis examines firstly the interaction of 'classical' financial law aims (achieving efficient and stable financial markets) with 'integrationist' aims (the commitment to create a single European financial market, as a response to growing international competition). The thesis then situates the institutional question within the broader context of the EU public law framework in a more deliberate and systematic way than has hitherto been done in the existing scholarly literature. The result is an argument in favour of institutional consolidation in the EU financial sector, with an emphasis on supervision. The case of the US SEC, whose success is arguably based on its enforcement function, is used to illustrate that institutional consolidation is not synonymous with 'one size fits all' solutions, but that flexibility can be incorporated in an authority's regulatory tools. To be sure, further discussion is necessary in order to achieve this balance; but the thesis argues that we do better to focus on the details of the 'how' best to design such institutions, rather than on omphaloskeptical questions of 'whether' they are needed. Indeed, at a closer look, arguments against this approach rarely dispute the need itself for some institutional consolidation, but rather point to the difficulties in its design.
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GOUCHA, SOARES Antonio. « A preempcao no direito comunitario : aplicacao da doutrina da preempcao desenvolvida pela United States Supreme Court a reparticao de competencias no ordenamento comunitario ». Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4789.
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Defence date: 20 May 1996Examining board: Prof. Ignacio Borrajo Iniesta ; Prof. Luis María Díez-Picazo (orientador) ; Prof. Maria Eduarda Gonçalves ; Prof. Federico Mancini ; Prof. Armando Marques Guedes
First made available online 2 July 2015.
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DELLA, NEGRA Federico. « Private law and private enforcement in the post-crisis EU retail financial regulation ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/47844.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 05 September 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Giorgio Monti, European University Institute; Prof. Mads Andenas, University of Oslo; Prof. Takis Tridimas, King’s College London
The thesis examines the role of private law and private enforcement in the post crisis EU retail financial markets. Whilst private law and private enforcement have been traditionally regarded as 'foreign bodies' in EU financial regulation, the thesis argues that after the global financial crisis, private law and private enforcement, through courts and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, have become essential tools to compensate retail clients against mis-selling and mitigate systemic risk. To substantiate this argument, the thesis analyzes how the national and EU supervisory authorities, ADRs and courts, in Italy, Spain, France and UK, have interpreted and enforced the EU investor protection regulation (conduct, product and disclosure rules) before and after the global financial crisis. This institutional and comparative analysis shows that the EU regulatory duties, via regulation, 'administrative rule-making', out-of-court dispute resolution and litigation, increasingly influence the interpretation of national private law (Europeanization) and determine its consequent instrumentalization to achieve a high level of investor protection and ensure the stability of the financial market. The thesis argues that this form of instrumentalization has led to the creation of private law remedies and procedures which, albeit based on national law, have become tools to ensure the effective protection of the EU-derived rights (hybridization). After the crisis, the process of hybridization is driven not only by the investor protection objective but also by the financial stability objective which can determine a limitation of the private law law rights and remedies of the investor vis-à-vis the financial firm in order to mitigate the systemic risk, arising, in particular, from vexatious litigation. The thesis discusses the complex relationship between the investor protection and the financial stability objectives of EU financial regulation and examines the extent financial stability concerns can lead to a limitation of the investors rights and remedies in financial disputes.
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LILLI, Marco. « The principle of proportionality in EC law and its application in Norwegian law ». Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5458.
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AUGUSTIN, Angela. « The influence of Community law on the Member States' criminal laws and its problems ». Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5473.
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NARDI, Wolfgang. « Die Einwirkung der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte auf nationale Gerichte ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5592.
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POCHMARSKI, Robert. « Substitutive powers vis-a-vis regions : a means to improve compliance with European law ? the cases of Germany, Italy and Austria ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5648.
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YIOLITIS, Emily. « Changing modes of governance : subsidiarity, partnership and democracy ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5696.
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CAUNES, Karine. « Le principe de primauté du droit de l'Union Européenne : contribution à l'étude de la nature juridique de l'Union Européenne et des rapports de système européens ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 15 June 2009Examining Board: Loïc Azoulay (Université de Paris II), Bruno De Witte (EUI), Michel Troper (External Co-Supervisor, Université de Paris X-Nanterre), Neil Walker (Supervisor, EUI)
First made available online 10 February 2020
The definition of the European Union (EU) from a positivist standpoint depends on the definition of its relationship with the Member States. This definition in turn depends on the way the conflicting interpretations of the principle of primacy of EU law by European and national courts are reconciled. Based on an analysis of European and national case-law, three different positions exist on the matter. According to the European Court of Justice, which has adopted a monist approach with primacy of EU law, the principle of primacy of EU law is absolute, which is reflected in terms of validity in the subordination of Member States to the European Union, which is thus a European state or a monist internal legal system, characterized by its single ground of validity. According to the national courts of Member States, which have adopted a monist approach with primacy of national law, the principle of primacy of EU law is relative only, and the validity of EU norms in the national arena is defined by higher national norms. Whatever the definition of EU law, whether it is defined as an international legal system or a sui generis one, the EU is considered as a sub-system of the national legal system, and thus as an internal monist legal system. According to the national courts of Member States, which have adopted a dualist approach, the principle of primacy of EU law means simply that EU norms take precedence over national norms in terms of implementation, which is determined by national rules. Whatever the definition of EU law, whether it is defined as an international legal system or a sui generis one, the EU and the national legal system are defined as separate albeit coordinated legal systems. This diversity of positions based on the legal system chosen as the frame of reference, reflects the common feature shared by all legal systems: their sovereignty. It is at the basis of their relationship, which is a pluralist one. This does not mean however that EU law is an international legal system, as this characterisation would not reflect the integration taking place between Member states and the EU. A complex system of direct interactions between European and national organs, correlative to the integrated system of EU/Member States material competences, has given to this relationship a tri-dimensional shape. The EU stricto sensu and the Member States are at the origin of a third common legal system: the EU largo sensu which forms a pluralist internal legal system, encompassing both the EU stricto sensu and the Member States, and which is characterised by a plurality of grounds of validity: those of the EU stricto sensu and those of the Member States. The mystery of the legal nature of the European Union is thus solved.
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PETROVIC, Drazen. « Differences and similarities between arguments on the direct effect of internal and external Community legal acts ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5651.
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CHRISTENSEN, Laurits Schmidt. « The EU regulation on the cross-border provision of investment services : from mutual recognition and competition among rules to "regulation through Committee" ». Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5496.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Award date: 12 December 2001Supervisor: C. Joerges
First made available online on 9 July 2013.
This thesis is about the EU regulation of the cross-border provision of investment services. The objective of the thesis is to identify the regulatory strategies underlying the current and future regulation in the field of investment services. The thesis departs from the assumption that the field of investment services is undergoing a change of regulatory strategy. The regulation in the field has for long been based on a regulatory strategy of mutual recognition and competition among rules. Concurrently, a regulatory strategy based on the adoption of detailed regulation and the creation of a common policy by and within a network of committees has emerged. This regulatory strategy is referred to as ’regulation through committee' in the thesis. The strategy of ’regulation through committee’ has gained more and more weight in the field of investment services. Recent developments show that the importance of ’regulation through committee’ will continue to increase in the future. To describe in detail and test the assumption of a change from the regulatory strategy of mutual recognition and competition among rules to the strategy of ’regulation through committee’ in the field of investment services, the thesis will seek to answer the following three questions: 1. What is the underlying regulatory strategy of the current EU regulation on the provision of investment services? 2. What is the underlying regulatory strategy of the future EU regulation on the provision of investment services? 3. In the future regulation of the provision of investment services, will the choice of regulatory strategy differ depending on whether a given piece of regulation has the objective of protecting retail or professional investors?
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MCDERMOTT, Brian. « The "rough guide" to the European financial services industry : its evolution, traditions and future prospects, in the light of the European Community's 1992 programme ». Doctoral thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5598.
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KIENDL, Doris. « The ambit of the treaty articles on free movement of goods and services in EC law and their impact on national provisions of private law ». Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5521.
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VONK, Olivier. « Dual nationality in the European Union : a study on changing norms in public and private international law and in the municipal laws of four EU member state ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15386.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 19 November 2010Examining Board: Rainer Baubock (EUI); Gerard-René De Groot (Universiteit Maastricht); Marie-Ange Moreau (Supervisor, EUI); Bruno Nascimbene (Università degli Studi di Milano)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The main objective of this study is to examine the phenomenon of dual nationality in the European Union (EU), particularly against the background of the status of European citizenship - a status that is linked to the nationality of each EU Member State (Article 20(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides that ‘citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national citizenship’). The study consists of two parts. The first part (Chapters 1 and 2) sets out the approach towards (dual) nationality in Private International Law and EU Law, in particular by analyzing the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The second part (Chapters 3- 6) consists of an overview of the dual nationality regimes in four EU Member States - France, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain -, and their possible effects on the EU as a whole. Chapter 2 of the thesis is entitled the ‘intra-EU context’, since it primarily deals with the ECJ’s approach towards a dual nationality consisting of two Member State nationalities. The country reports, on the other hand, deal with the ‘extra-EU context’ because the dual nationality policies of the countries under consideration predominantly affect non-Member State nationals. Thus, France and the Netherlands have for some time already faced the question how to integrate the (Muslim) immigrant population; Italy and Spain have long since adopted a system of preferential treatment for (Latin American) former emigrants and their descendants. The country reports demonstrate how dual nationality is used (or rejected) in these four countries. Finally, the question whether the EU should in time acquire (limited) competence in the field of European nationality law is one of the major themes of this study. Regardless of one’s stance on this question, it must be readily admitted that the subject of Member State autonomy in nationality law is becoming ever more salient with the enlargement of the Union and the growing relevance of European citizenship in the case law of the ECJ. In the opinion of this author, the study shows that the almost absolute autonomy of Member States in the field of nationality law is becoming increasingly problematic for the EU as a whole. Based inter alia on the findings from the country reports, this thesis takes the position that there is arguably a need for the (minimum) harmonization of European nationality laws.
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CRUZ, Ana Elizabeth. « The future of liability of suppliers of services in the EC in light of the Commission's withdrawal of its proposed directive : harmonisation or regulatory competition ? » Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5491.
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HARBO, Tor-Inge. « The function of proportionality analysis in European law ». Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16057.
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Defence date: 28 January 2011Examining Board: Prof. Ernst- Ulrich Petersmann (Supervisor), EUI; Prof. Inger-Johanne Sand, University of Oslo; Prof. Christian Joerges, University of Bremen; Prof. Loic Azoulai, EUI.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The aim of the thesis is to explore the function of proportionality analysis (PA) as a tool of judicial adjudication in European law. In this effort the author analyses in the first part of the thesis the way in which European supra-/international courts, notably the ECJ, the EFTA Court and the Human Rights Court, apply PA. The analysis reveals that PA is a flexible instrument of judicial review. In the second part of the thesis the application of PA by UK and Norwegian courts is discussed. The respective countries´ courts have not traditionally applied PA but various reasonableness tests. The purpose of the investigation is thus to shed comparative light on PA by contrasting it with comparable assessment schemes. To the extent PA is taken on by the two national courts the investigation may display the persuasive nature of PA. The legal dogmatic approaches taken in part one and two of the thesis does only partly help determine the function of PA. A broader approach is needed to this end. In part three of the thesis the author firstly discuss what it means that PA consists of both rationality and reasonableness tests and thereafter whether PA is of a substantial or a procedural nature. Concluding that PA is of a procedural nature - securing a legal safeguard for individuals - it is nevertheless clear that PA implies the strengthening of the judiciary. This leads to an elaboration on the virtues and vices of 'judicial governance'. In this connection it is suggested that the establishment of PA as a (general) principle of law (together with the tri-partial structure) is a way in which courts may attempt to legitimise the extensive judicial power, which lies intrinsic in PA. The author then embarks upon a discussion of the nature and function of principles of law including the rule of law qualities of PA.
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KOMNINOS, Assimakis P. « Decentralisation and application of EC competition law by national courts and arbitrators : the awakening of EC private antitrust enforcement ». Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6908.
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Defence date: 12 January 2007Examining Board: Prof. Claus-Dieter Ehlermann (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Laurence Idot (Ext. co-supervisor, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne) ; Sir Francis Jacobs (King's College London) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (European University Institute)
First made available online 11 September 2018
This dissertation, written by an academic-cum-practitioner with substantial experience in the field of antitrust enforcement, presents the rise of private enforcement of competition law in Europe, especially in the context of the recent modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law enforcement. In particular, the study examines the role of courts in the application of the EC competition rules and views that role in the broader system of antitrust enforcement. The author starts from the premise of private enforcement's independence of public enforcement and after examining the new institutional position of national courts and their relationship with the Court of Justice, the Commission, and public enforcement in general, proceeds to deal with the detailed substantive and procedural law framework of private antitrust actions in Europe. The author describes the current post-decentralisation state of affairs but also refers to the latest proposals to enhance private antitrust enforcement in Europe both at the Community level, where reference is made to the December 2005 Commission Green Paper on Damages Actions and its aftermath, and at the national level, where reference is made to recent and forthcoming relevant initiatives.
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JENNETT, Victoria. « The transformation of sub-state nationalism within the European Union : the case of Northern Ireland ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4663.
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DRABKIN-REITER, Esther. « The Europeanisation of the law on legitimate expectations : recent case law of the English and European Union courts on the protection of legitimate expectations in administrative law ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40324.
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Award date: 30 November 2015Supervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute
This thesis considers the Europeanisation of English administrative law, in the specific context of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations. It assesses whether, how and to what extent the way in which the way in which legitimate expectations are protected in EU law has influenced the protection of legitimate expectations in English law. To make this assessment, a thorough analysis is conducted of case law in both jurisdictions. The thesis is structured into five main Chapters. Chapter A provides an introduction and looks at some general issues surrounding the concept of legitimate expectation, including which expectations are protectable and what is meant by legitimacy. Chapter B traces the development of the protection of legitimate expectations in English and EU law, and considers certain particular features in more detail for each jurisdiction, with the aim of establishing some parameters against which more recent case law can be tested and compared. In Chapter C an in-depth analysis of recent case law of the English courts, both falling within and outside the scope of EU law, is undertaken, and comparisons are drawn between these cases and with the traditional position of EU law on the protection of legitimate expectations. Chapter D contains a similar analysis in respect of recent cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, Chapter E draws these analyses together and concludes that while there is limited convergence in the way English and EU courts approach the protection of legitimate expectations, both jurisdictions remain wary of external influence.
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ALBI, Anneli. « Central and Eastern European constitutions and EU integration : in a decade from 'souverainism' to 'federalism' ? » Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4539.
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DREYFUS, Magali. « L'impact du droit communautaire sur les services publics locaux en France et en Italie : le cas des transports publics ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14519.
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Defense Date: 08 March 2010Membres du jury : Professeur Jacques Ziller, Institut universitaire européen (Directeur de thèse IUE / extérieur) Professeur Luis Miguel Poiares Maduro, Institut universitaire européen Professeur Gérard Marcou, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris 1 Professeur Guido Corso,Università degli Studi, Roma Tre
First made available online 25 March 2019
Depuis quelques années, l'organisation des services publics locaux connaît dans la plupart des Etats membres de l'Union européenne d'importantes transformations. D’une part, l'organisation administrative des Etats change et les fonctions des collectivités territoriales sont redéfinies. D’autre part, les formes de la gestion des activités d’intérêt général font l'objet de réformes du fait de l'évolution du contexte normatif. Si des dynamiques internes expliquent en partie ces phénomènes, la part que la réception du droit communautaire joue dans ces développements, est significative. De fait, la libéralisation des services publics nationaux étant largement avancée, les institutions communautaires poursuivent désormais l'ouverture des marchés locaux. Les collectivités territoriales ne peuvent donc plus ignorer les règles de la concurrence et de la libre prestation des services. Or l'organisation traditionnelle des services publics locaux n'est pas toujours conforme à ces principes et nécessite des ajustements, voire des réformes drastiques. Il paraît donc utile d'étudier dans quelle mesure le droit communautaire affecte les services publics locaux, dans une perspective matérielle, c'est-à-dire sur le fond des activités, et d'un point de vue institutionnel, c'est-à-dire sur le rôle des collectivités territoriales. Les normes communautaires imposent-elles un modèle unique de gestion des services? La diversité des formes d'organisation locale est-elle prise en compte et respectée comme l'implique le principe de neutralité? L'encadrement réglementaire communautaire n'est-il pas finalement attentatoire à l'autonomie locale? A travers les exemples français et italien et une étude de secteur sur les transports publics de voyageurs, il appert que l'impact du droit communautaire sur les services publics locaux est tout-à-fait considérable. Cependant il ne faut pas négliger l’effet inverse qui s'illustre par la prise en compte par la Cour de justice et la Commission européenne, des pratiques locales et par la promotion en parallèle, dans le droit primaire de l'Union européenne, des services d'intérêt général et des autorités locales.
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OLESEN, Jeppe Dørup. « Adapting the welfare state : privatisation in health care in Denmark, England and Sweden ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14504.
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Defence date: 12 June 2010Examining Board: Jens Blom-Hansen (Aarhus Univ), Pepper Culpepper (EUI), Bo Rothstein (Univ. Gothenborg), Sven Steinmo (EUI) (Supervisor)
First made available online on 8 April 2019
This dissertation deals with the following question: In the past decades some of the countries most dedicated to the universal public welfare state have privatised many of their welfare service provisions. Why is this so? The dissertation takes a close look at privatisation policies in health care in Denmark, Sweden and England in order to figure out how and why the private health care sector has expanded rapidly in recent years. Health care services in Denmark, Sweden and England provide good examples of welfare state service privatisation because these three countries have spent decades building up universal public health care systems that offer free and equal access to all citizens - and these programmes are very popular. In this dissertation I find that the most common explanations for welfare state reform fail to explain these changes: Privatisation policies are not the result of partisan politics, instead they are supported by Social Democratic / Labour parties and in some cases the unions as well. Privatisation is not the result of pressures for fiscal retrenchment; in fact, public health care funding has increased in all three countries over the past decade. Neither is privatisation the straight forward result of new right wing ideas. Certainly, new ideas play a role in this change, but it is difficult to sustain the argument that ideas alone have been the cause of privatisation in these three health care systems. Finally, it has been debated whether privatisation is the result of pressure from EU legislation. This explanation does not hold either for the basic reason of timing. The policies leading to privatisation in Denmark, England and Sweden were all implemented before the European debate over health care services started. Instead, I suggest that privatisation in health care in Denmark, Sweden and England can best be understood as the product of policy makers puzzling over important policy problems (Heclo, 1972). I call this an adaptive process. In this analysis I show that privatisation is the result of several interconnected attempts to adapt health care systems to a changing context. By taking a long historical view of the changes in health care systems, it becomes evident that the changes towards privatisation do not occur overnight or as a result of a ‘punctuated equilibrium’. Rather, the increasing privatisation in health care is the accumulated effect of several small step policy changes, which, over time, result in rising levels of privatisation. Some scholars have suggested that neo-liberal policies, such as privatisation of service provision, will ultimately lead to the end of the welfare state. In this study, I come to a different conclusion. Rather than undermine the welfare state, privatisation in health care may help the welfare state survive. Privatisation can be seen as a way of adapting welfare state services to a changing political context.
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Van, Zyl Stephanus Phillipus. « The collection of value added tax on online cross-border trade in digital goods ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13089.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technological advances have had a major impact on traditional retail shopping changing it from a physical undertaking to a completely digitised experience where consumers buy digital media online. VAT systems that do not specifically provide for, or which have not been adapted to cope with, technology-driven advances, generally do not provide for the adequate levying and collection of VAT on cross-border digital trade. The South African VAT system is no different. The taxation of e-commerce should not artificially advantage or disadvantage e-commerce over comparable traditional commerce, or unnecessarily hinder the development of e-commerce. This thesis determines whether the South African VAT Act 89 of 1991 in its current form, can be applied adequately to raise and collect VAT on cross-border digital transactions. Where shortcomings in the VAT Act are identified, the harmonised VAT rules of the European Union (EU), together with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) proposals on consumption taxes, are analysed and discussed to seek possible solutions and make recommendations.Mercantile Law
LL.D.