Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Municipal services – Brazil – 20th century »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Municipal services – Brazil – 20th century"
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Zamberlan Pereira, Thales Augusto. "THE NORTH–SOUTH DIVIDE: REAL WAGES AND WELFARE IN BRAZIL DURING THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 38, no. 1 (2019): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000132.
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ABSTRACTWhat was the degree of Brazil's regional inequality in living standards during the first decades of the 20th century? This paper presents municipal and state information on wages and prices in order to build welfare ratios for skilled and unskilled workers between 1912 and 1940. Despite the significant differences in nominal wages and costs of living throughout the country, real wage differentials remained lower than those estimated by earlier studies. Williamson (1999) argued that real wages in the Southeast were approximately six times higher than in the Northeast during the 1930s. The new evidence in this paper suggests that wages were on average only 1.5 times higher.
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Gibson, Christopher L. "Programmatic Configurations for the Twenty-First-Century Developmental State in Urban Brazil." Sociology of Development 4, no. 2 (2018): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2018.4.2.169.
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Supplementing a traditional focus on economic dimensions of development, sociologists now frequently examine the origins of macro-level growth in human capabilities. One emergent theoretical framework for doing so emphasizes the promise of “twenty-first-century developmental states” for broadening delivery of capability-enhancing public services like health and education. Nevertheless, the configurations of state-society actors that are consistently willing and able to construct such institutions are far from obvious, highlighting a missing-agent problem at the core of the framework. The article addresses this gap by tracing Brazil's historic improvements in social development to what I call “programmatic configurations,” or broad-based alliances of civil and political society actors that ameliorate vexing public problems by building democratic institutions and state capacities needed to enact rights-based social policies. It argues that frequent local office-holding by “sanitarista” activists from the country's most important health movement, the Sanitarist Movement, has been essential for constituting the programmatic configurations that maximized social development across urban Brazil in recent decades. More specifically, a brief historical account of the movement and fuzzy-set analysis show that programmatic configurations assembled by sanitaristas in Brazil's largest capitals have generally been a sufficient condition for maximizing improvement over time in three outcomes: infant-mortality reduction, municipal spending on health and sanitation, and municipal delivery of primary public health care. I correspondingly argue for broadening the twenty-first-century developmental state framework to accommodate how programmatic configurations—and the pragmatically inclined civil society activists at their core—can contribute to democratic state-building for social development.
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Kulisek, Larry, and Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto." Articles 16, no. 3 (2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.
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During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.
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De Carvalho, Vinicius Mariano. "The Metamorphoses of 'Orfeu da Conceição' by Vinicius de Moraes." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 9, no. 1 (2020): 580–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v9i1.121768.
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This text is a hermeneutic exercise about one of the paradigmatic works of Vinicius de Moraes, Orfeu da Conceição. This plays opens a partnership between the poet and the composer Antonio Carlos Jobim, which was fruitful and unique for Brazilian arts. Orfeu da Conceição is also paradigmatic because it is the first work to bring black actors to the stages of the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro. Orfeu da Conceição led to one of the films that most contributed, positively or negatively, to the international image of Brazil in the second half of the 20th century, the award-winning Orpheus Negro, by Marcel Camus. The text will notice how many of the ideas and representations of the favela were already visible in the Brazilian popular repertoire prior to the composition of the play. The idea, in general, is to observe how, in addition to its poetic-musical quality, Orfeu da Conceição can also serve as a reflection on how we represent and see favelas in the urban context, both in 1956 and today.
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Esteves, A. L. "Relations between Brazil and Spain under the Bolsonaro’s government." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 2 (2021): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-2-48-64.
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In this article the author examines in detail the bilateral relations between Spain and Brazil during the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. In addition, the subject of this article is the opposition of EU governments to the environmental policies of the South American country and the disastrous policies of the Brazilian authorities in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. President Bolsonaro’s negligence of climate change and Amazon deforestation has prompted European governments to openly oppose the ratification of the Mercosur – EU Free Trade Agreement, which was signed in 2019 after 20 years of negotiations. In May 2016, the parties agreed on reciprocal terms, resulting in signing of the agreement. It also included the exchange of goods and services, essential investments and public procurements. All this was done in the context of a global policy of protectionism amid a weakening role of the WTO as a supporter of the trade liberalization process. Despite its success, countries such as France, Austria and the Netherlands stand against the Mercosur – EU trade deal, which can halt its ratification. The Spanish government, on the contrary, is lobbying for ratification of the agreement. Madrid, interested in benefiting from the Bolsonaro government’s liberal economic policies, maintains strong ties with its South American partner. The author analyzes the transformation of Spain from a relatively irrelevant partner of Brazil in the 20th century to one of the main investors directing significant resources to the Brazilian economy. We also assess the results and challenges of the Brazil – Spain strategic partnership in a broader context of the Brazil – EU relations.
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Bashmakova, Yelena Vladimirovna, and Marina Alexandrovna Guseva. "The development of public utilities in England in the 14th-16th centuries: source studies aspect." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 2 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-2-31-36.
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Throughout the 20th century, there had been growing interest in Russian studies in the study of the phenomenon of an English town in the Middle Ages and early modern times, including the problems of communal services and landscaping. However, certain plots from urban history are still not sufficiently explored. The article analyses the sources that make it possible to study the main measures of the British government in the field of public utilities, the activities of municipal authorities in solving the issue of maintaining the sanitary state of significant urban objects, its improvement. The 14th to the 16th centuries are the period of the study. The authors examined various types of sources. These include documents of a national character, local municipal documents, a narrative source – “A Survey of London” by John Stow. A wide range of attracted local documents allow us to talk about general trends and patterns in the development of the communal sector in the capital and in the provincial cities of various regions of England, such as, for example, the southeast – Southampton; northwest – Manchester; West Midlands – Coventry; eastern region of England – Cambridge, Norwich. The analysis of local documents makes it possible to draw conclusions about regional features in the development of this sphere of town life. The statutes of the kingdom, acts of parliament, as well as annals and chronicles of cities testify to the implementation of the decisions of the central authorities of the kingdom on the ground. These sources are representative in reflecting the issue of the development of communal services in England in the 14th to the 16th centuries, maintaining its sanitary condition.
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Da Costa, Jéssica Rafaela, and Alex Ubiratan Goossens Peloggia. "Geoquímica de Terrenos Urbanos Modificados pela Humanidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SE): o Caso de Santa Maria (RS, Brasil)." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 37 (July 6, 2019): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v37i0.151838.
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Human agency leaves several marks on the environment, which includes deep modifications on the geological surficial layers of the planet, including the formation of technogenic ground. In the last decades, urban expansion has been accompanied by an increase in the extension of degraded lands, which includes modifications in the ground by the introduction of anthropogenic materials and actions such as cutting, revolving and compaction, which affects ecosystem functions of these substrates. In Brazil, this process has intensified since the second half of the 20th Century. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the changes in the ground geochemical properties of the city of Santa Maria (RS) and how it may affect the possible ecosystem services provided by these soils. For this purpose, a morphological description of soil profiles to identify the existence of anthropogenic layers was carried out and laboratory tests were conducted to determine pHwater, pHKCl, Ca2, Mg2, K, Na, Al3, H+Al, Cu, Zn and calculation of S, Al% and V%. The results pointed out that there is an enormous variation of anthropogenic constituents in the material, which are capable of altering both the properties of the ground surficial layers as well as their functions and the provided ecosystem services.
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Strashnova, Yulia. "Social infrastructure importance for modern city and the ways of its urban development." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236302045.
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The present study objective is to determine the importance of social infrastructure for modern city and to identify the ways of its urban development (Moscow, as an example). Statistics data (taken from official municipal and regional sources), results of systematic, typological, functional and structural analysis, sociological survey of population was used. Assessment of society development current challenges, analysis of scientific research in economy, education, culture, allowed the author to determine the importance of social infrastructure for modern city as a tool for urban environment transformation, quality improvement of human asset, strengthening the economic basis of the city. The author offered the periods of Moscow social infrastructure development from the early 20th century until present by identifying basic political and economic tasks, which determined the role and directions of cultural and consumer services sphere development. Within existing structural deformations of the system of cultural and consumer services for the population, the lack of territorial resources in the established development areas, the ways of social infrastructure improvement were proposed. These ways include planning optimization of the territory, clarifying typology and structure of public centers, working out the model of functional and spatial organization of the service system, techniques for intensifying the territory usage, sociological factor accounting, monitoring the level of social infrastructure urban development. The newness of the present study from the scientific point of view is a comprehensive approach to improvement of the city social infrastructure, including planning, sociological, architectural and spatial aspects.
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Casanova, Marta, Simonetta Acacia, Stefano Francesco Musso, Stefania Traverso, Federico Rottura, and Cristina Olivieri. "Contemporary Architecture in Genoa since 1945—Knowledge and Use through Geoservices for the Citizen." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116471.
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The paper illustrates the enhancement of knowledge of architecture from 1945 onwards in Genoa by means of the publication on the Geoportal of the Municipality, which was developed with open-source systems, of a proper dataset and tools for digital storytelling for citizens. The implementation on the municipal Geoportal of a section called “Contemporary Architecture from 1945 onwards in Genoa” was made possible through collaboration between the University of Genoa Architecture and Design Department (DAD) and the Municipality of Genoa Office for Geographical Information Systems. The data related to the buildings in the Municipality of Genoa were extracted from a previous study about contemporary architecture in Liguria carried out by DAD. The case study introduced two tools for the promotion and enhancement of knowledge of such architecture, a map on which the buildings are located and associated with an information form and geostories with in-depth information on selected buildings, the latter of which can be sorted based on thematic itineraries or by author. The use of integrated services contributes to the competitiveness and sustainability of the city, raising citizens’ awareness of the value of the architecture of the second half of the 20th century and thus activating conservation processes as advocated in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations General Assembly.
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Peters, Mario, and Luciana Teixeira de Andrade. "“Only People Who Know It Here Speak Well of It...”: The Location of Social Housing in Brazilian Cities and Effects of Territorial Stigmatization." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 5, no. 2 (2017): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v5i2.25141.
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In Brazil, social housing estates have acquired a reputation as substandard housing and places of the poor. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, housing policies that were designed on a national and local level focused on the fight against the growth of favelas in Brazilian cities. Often, the inhabitants of favelas were resettled to public housing estates (conjuntos habitacionais) in the urban peripheries where they did not have access to infrastructures and public services. This has contributed much to the bad image of social housing. In their daily life, the residents are subjected to a multilayered process of stigmatization. This article considers a conjunto that was established in the central area of Belo Horizonte in the 1940s. Even though its location brought important advantages, the inhabitants suffer from the stigma of being dwellers of a housing complex (“moradores de conjunto”). By analyzing contemporary sources and oral history interviews, this article aims to contribute to the discussion about the location of social housing in Brazilian cities and the effects of territorial stigmatization. Furthermore, the focus is on recent developments which show that there are several ways how stigma can be reduced or even reversed.
Thèses sur le sujet "Municipal services – Brazil – 20th century"
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Neville, Julia. "Explaining variations in municipal hospital provision in the 1930s : a study of councils in the far south west." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/96227.
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Recent work has sought to explain the striking variations in municipal hospital provision in the 1930s by quantitative analysis. Such work has not so far provided a hypothesis which satisfactorily explains the range of variations found. This study, grounded in an analysis based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and the results of three case studies of events in the county boroughs of Plymouth and Exeter and in Devon County Council, uses a qualitative methodology developed by iteration between a deductive approach drawing on recent work and an inductive approach using a computer-assisted analysis of primary source material and proposes a new hypothesis. The hypothesis developed is that where a local authority inherited a Poor Law workhouse as a result of the Local Government Act (1929) development would be more likely to occur in places where councillors exhibited strong progressive beliefs in accountability to the wider community and in their social responsibility towards that community; where they had successful experience of direct hospital provision in other fields; and when they had available a committed entrepreneur able to marshal support for change within the council. In addition to its empirical findings the study contributes to the development of public policy theory by suggesting improvements to the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Such improvements comprise recognition of the importance of ‘deep core’ as well as ‘policy core’ beliefs to policy change, consideration of path dependency as a significant method of policy learning, and of the roles of entrepreneurs and policy brokers. Finally the study draws attention to the relevance of the study to current practice in the implementation of public policy and proposes specifically that local NHS agencies should give greater prominence to identifying and supporting individuals with the skills of policy entrepreneurs.
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MARTINEZ, Katia. "A regulaçao dos serviços du utilidade publica no Brasil : a influência da legislaçao internacional (1820-1930)." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5895.
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Defence date: 28 September 2001<br>Examining board: Prof. Albert Carreras, Universitat Pompeo Fabra, Barcelona (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Peter Hertner, Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg (supervisor) ; Prof. Jaime Reis, Instituto Universitário Europeu, Florença ; Prof. Steven Topik, University of California, Irvine<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Reeve, Ian John. "Crisis and continuity : a study of waste management policy making in 20th Century Sydney." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146404.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Municipal services – Brazil – 20th century"
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Powell, Martin A. Cradle to grave: Municipal medicine in inter-war England and Wales. Peter Lang, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Municipal services – Brazil – 20th century"
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Matias, Lídia Maria Moreira. "Transformações e integração derivadas da mudança de uso do espaço urbano na cidade de Aveiro, Portugal." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5860.
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A cidade de Aveiro sofreu no século XIX várias transformações físicas, voltando a sofrer novas transformações no século XX, altura em que a malha urbana possibilitou o desenvolvimento da cidade. Inserida nestas alterações está a Avenida Dr. Lourenço Peixinho que permitiu a conexão urbana entre o caminho-de-ferro e o centro. A avenida sobrevive aos Planos Urbanísticos (1948-2009) que surgiram após a sua abertura. A investigação visa identificar as tipologias arquitectónicas predominantes, existentes nesta estrutura, entender a problemática do espaço nos diferentes níveis de uso do solo e de mudança de função das habitações para comércio e serviços. Para além disso verifica-se a valorização dessas edificações dominados por atores sociais que defendem diversos interesses comerciais, municipais e imobiliários. Neste contexto o artigo visa definir critérios que permitam a conservação do património arquitectónico e urbanístico contribuindo para a investigação no urbanismo, tendo como suporte o estudo da referida avenida, enquanto património local. The city of Aveiro, suffered a number of physical transformations in the 19th century, undergoing new transformations in the 20th century, when the urban grid enabled the development of the city. Included in these changes is the Avenue Dr. Lourenço Peixinho which provided the urban connection between the railway and the City Center. The Avenue survived the urbanistic plans (1948-2009) that emerged after its opening. This research aims at the identification of the predominant architectural typologies in this structure, the understanding of the problem of space in different levels of land use and change of function of the dwellings for trade and services. In addition there is the valorization of these buildings which are dominated by social elements embodying various commercial, municipal and real estate interests. In this context the article intends to define criteria for the preservation of the architectural and urban heritage, contributing to the research in urbanism, having as grounds the study of that Avenue, as local heritage.