Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Municipal services – Brazil – 19th century »

This paper examines the influence of the leasehold system of land tenure on the structure of municipal government in 19th century St. Johns. This influence can be seen in the shaping of St. John's streets and physical growth, regulations governing building, property assessments levied to pay for local services, and even in the formation of municipal institutions themselves. It was also evident in the failures of the Newfoundland legislature and the St. John's Municipal Council to successfully tax the annual ground rents the predominantly British absentee landlords received from leasing their land in St. John's. These efforts to assess the ground rents of the absentees were motivated by the desire of local tenants to make them pay their share of municipal taxation. There was naturally bitter resentment in St. John's against the absentee landlords and their agents. Tenants were also angered by the value of land in the town which was constantly being raised without contribution from the absentees. This situation was of considerable significance in the development of St. John's, for the system of land tenure not only discouraged the imposition of property taxes but also worked against the establishment of municipal government. Consequently, St. John's municipal government in the 19th century differed from the more traditional route of local government that was followed, for instance, by Canadian cities such as Halifax or Toronto. In St. John's the Municipal Council, established in 1888, had control of the water supply, streets, sewers, parks, the fire brigade, and building regulations only, while the Newfoundland legislature retained responsibility over the city's other institutions and services. The history of the Municipal Council after 1888 was one of limited self-rule, characterized by inadequate administrative, legislative power, political interference from the government, and insufficient revenue.

Supplementing a traditional focus on economic dimensions of development, sociologists now frequently examine the origins of macro-level growth in human capabilities. One emergent theoretical framework for doing so emphasizes the promise of “twenty-first-century developmental states” for broadening delivery of capability-enhancing public services like health and education. Nevertheless, the configurations of state-society actors that are consistently willing and able to construct such institutions are far from obvious, highlighting a missing-agent problem at the core of the framework. The article addresses this gap by tracing Brazil's historic improvements in social development to what I call “programmatic configurations,” or broad-based alliances of civil and political society actors that ameliorate vexing public problems by building democratic institutions and state capacities needed to enact rights-based social policies. It argues that frequent local office-holding by “sanitarista” activists from the country's most important health movement, the Sanitarist Movement, has been essential for constituting the programmatic configurations that maximized social development across urban Brazil in recent decades. More specifically, a brief historical account of the movement and fuzzy-set analysis show that programmatic configurations assembled by sanitaristas in Brazil's largest capitals have generally been a sufficient condition for maximizing improvement over time in three outcomes: infant-mortality reduction, municipal spending on health and sanitation, and municipal delivery of primary public health care. I correspondingly argue for broadening the twenty-first-century developmental state framework to accommodate how programmatic configurations—and the pragmatically inclined civil society activists at their core—can contribute to democratic state-building for social development.

AbstractSalomon Neumann (1819–1908) is one of the outstanding representatives of 19th century social medicine. As a medical reformer, statistician and city councilor, he made a significant contribution to improving social and hygienic conditions in Berlin. His most famous work was published in 1847 under the title “Die oeffentliche Gesundheitspflege und das Eigenthum” [Public Health and Property]. From 1859 to 1905, Neumann was active in the Berlin City Council for the improvement of the living conditions of the population. He was involved in the construction of municipal hospitals, supported the modernisation of sewage disposal, organised the Berlin censuses of 1861 and 1864 and was active in the field of health and social statistics. Not only was Neumann exposed to anti-Semitic reprisals during his lifetime, a foundation he founded to promote the science of Judaism was dissolved by the National Socialists in 1940. On the occasion of his 200th birthday, this article commemorates the life and work of the democratically minded and socially committed doctor and health politician. Salomon Neumann has rendered great services to social medicine in Germany.

Poznań, jedno z największych miast Rzeczypospolitej, licznie zamieszkiwali przybysze z innych krajów. Wśród nich byli Grecy. Głównymi przyczynami emigracji greckiej były przesłanki natury ekonomicznej, politycznej oraz geopolitycznej. Niezwykle interesującym problemem pozostaje pochodzenie etniczne emigrantów. Pierwsze wzmianki o Grekach w mieście pochodzą z XVI w. Znacznie liczniej napłynęli Grecy do miasta w drugiej poł. XVIII w. Głównym zajęciem emigrantów był intratny handel winem oraz towarami wschodnimi. Grecy sprowadzali wino najczęściej z ośrodków węgierskich. Od chwili przybycia do Poznania Grecy postrzegani byli przez rodzime kupiectwo jako czynnik niepożądany. Księgi grodzkie Poznania oraz Konfraterni Kupieckiej przepełnione są skargami na przybyszów z południa. Dopiero ustawy działającej w Poznaniu Komisji Dobrego Porządku z 1780 r. uregulowały warunki pobytu Greków w mieście. Poznańska gmina założona została ok. 1750 r. Poznańscy grecy byli chrześcijanami wyznania prawosławnego. Nabożeństwa odprawiano w cerkwiach domowych, gmina posiadała cmentarz. Kolejnymi kapelanami gminy byli: Atanazy Korda, Konstantyn Chartofilax Okuta, Atanazy Sawicz oraz Zupanos. Poznańska gmina grecka została rozwiązana w 1909 r. Najsłynniejszym przedstawicielem poznańskich Greków był Jan Konstanty Żupański, księgarz i wydawca. Greek diaspora in Poznan in the 18th and 19th century Poznań, one of the largest Polish cities, was frequently inhabited by citizens of other countries. One such nation were Greeks, who came to Poland for economic, political and geopolitical reasons. Ethnic origins of emigrants remains an interesting problem. The first information on Greeks in Poznań can be traced back to the 16th century. In the second half of the 17th century, the number of Greeks coming to the city increased. Emigrants occupied themselves mainly with (profitable) wine and Eastern goods trade. Greeks imported wine mostly from Hungary. From the moment they came, Greeks were considered unwelcome by local tradesmen. Municipal books and the books of the Merchants’ Guild are full of complaints on the incomers from the South. It was not until 1789, when the laws of the Commission of Good Order operating in Poznań, that the conditions of Greeks staying in Poznań had been regulated. The Poznań Greek community was established around 1750. Poznań Greeks were of the Christian Orthodox denomination. Services were held at home churches, the community also had its cemetery. The following people were the chaplains: Atanazy Korda, Konstantyn Chartofilax Okuta, Atanazy Sawicz and Zupanos. The Poznań Greek community was dissolved in 1909. The most well-known representative of the Poznań Greeks is Jan Konstanty Żupański, a bookseller and publisher.

The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation of metrology as government regulated activity in France. The article has discussed the historical process of development of metrological activity in France. It was revealed that the history of metrology is considered as an auxiliary historical and ethnographic discipline from a social and philosophical point of view as the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition of individual units of physical quantities and branches of metrology. However, in the scientific literature, the little attention is paid to the process of a development of a centralized institutional metrology system that is the organizational basis for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The article by Irena Grebtsova and Maryna Kovalska is devoted to the of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The article by Tetiana Malovichko is devoted to the study of what changes the course of the probability theory has undergone from the end of the 19th century to our time based on the analysis of The Theory of Probabilities textbook by Vasyl P. Ermakov published in 1878. The paper contains a comparative analysis of The Probability Theory textbook and modern educational literature. The birth of children after infertility treatment of married couples with the help of assisted reproductive technologies has become a reality after many years of basic research on the physiology of reproductive system, development of oocyte’s in vitro fertilization methods and cultivation of embryos at pre-implantation stages. Given the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies in modern medical practice and the great interest of society to this problem, the aim of the study authors from the Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was to trace the main stages and key events of assisted reproductive technologies in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to highlight the activities of outstanding scientists of domestic and world science who were at the origins of the development of this area. As a result of the work, it has been shown that despite certain ethical and social biases, the discovery of individual predecessor scientists became the basis for the efforts of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe to ensure birth of the world's first child, whose conception occurred outside the mother's body. There are also historical facts and unique photos from our own archive, which confirm the fact of the first successful oocyte in vitro fertilization and the birth of a child after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. In the next article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. The authors of the following article considered the historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense. An analysis of numerous artefacts of the first third of the 20th century suggests that the production of many varieties of art-and-industrial ceramics developed in Halychyna, in particular architectural ceramic plastics, a variety of functional ceramics, decorative tiles, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, etc. The artistic features of Halychyna art ceramics, the richness of methods for decorating and shaping it, stylistic features, as well as numerous art societies, scientific and professional associations, groups, plants and factories specializing in the production of ceramics reflect the general development of this industry in the first half of the century and represent the prerequisites the emergence of the school of professional ceramics in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the next paper is to analyze the formation and development of scientific and professional schools of art-and-industrial ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. During the environmental crisis, electric transport (e-transport) is becoming a matter for scientific inquiry, a subject of discussion in politics and among public figures. In the program for developing the municipal services of Ukraine, priorities are given to the development of the infrastructure of ecological transport: trolleybuses, electric buses, electric cars. The increased attention to e-transport on the part of the scientific community, politicians, and the public actualizes the study of its history, development, features of operation, etc. The aim of the next study is to highlight little-known facts of the history of production and operation of MAN trolleybuses in Ukrainian cities, as well as to introduce their technical characteristics into scientific circulation. The types, specific design solutions of the first MAN trolleybus generation and the prerequisites for their appearance in Chernivtsi have been determined. Particular attention has been paid to trolleybuses that were in operation in Germany and other Western European countries from the first half of the 1930s to the early 1950s. The paper traces the stages of operation of the MAN trolleybuses in Chernivtsi, where they worked during 1939–1944 and after the end of the Second World War, they were transferred to Kyiv. After two years of operation in the Ukrainian capital, the trolleybuses entered the routes in Dnipropetrovsk during 1947–1951. The purpose of the article by authors from the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway.

This study aims to understand the importance and scope of the municipal accounting reform developed from 1842 to 1849 by Costa Cabral, Portuguese Minister of the Kingdom (1842-1846, 1849-1851) and Prime Minister (1849-1851), analysing its content, effective application, the impact it had on Portuguese municipal accounting and how it contributed to a greater link between the local government and the central government. To this end, we present a brief analysis of the economic, social and political context of the 1840s and the transformations then operated at the administrative and fiscal level with an impact on municipal accounting; the literature review regarding municipal accounting, especially from the 19th century; the historical sources used and the methodology adopted; the nature of Costa Cabral's 1849 Instructions on municipal accounting, its application and importance, seeking to detect changes and the factors behind them. We conclude that the Portuguese State, by defining the regulation for itself and for the organizations that depended on it, intervened, innovated and disseminated the accounting transformations carried out with the 1849 Instructions, seeking to integrate municipalities into the national accounting system as a whole, in a clear exercise of power, in a political context of legal imposition and lack of revenues, but also within a cultural and technical context of modernization, rationality and efficiency of municipal services. Submitting municipalities to common procedures and practices, as well as to the same obligations, is a remarkable achievement.

This paper is a small part of the historical research on Cartography and Geodesy in Brazil, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography, GeoCart, Department of Geography, of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inside the historical research on the several mapping works developed during all the commissions designed between 1862 and 1890, to organize and to defi ne the support to mapping the role Empire and also Rio de Janeiro State, including the Neutral Municipal district of Rio de Janeiro, there was need to know all early initiatives, which gave origin to the mapping systems used, before the Brazilian Independence from Portugal, during the 19th Century. It will be presented, after an introduction to early attempts, the Empire of Brazil cartographic organization with some cartographic maps, without geodetic support. In order to organize and mainly to include a scientifi c geodetic support, in 1862 was created the General Chart of Brazilian Empire Commission, to develop an orderly systematic mapping. The main personalities involved during the existence of the Commission, characteristics and actions that were accomplished will be presented also. At the end, two great attempts to make a precision geodetic triangulation network will be presented, one in Rio Grande do Sul State, and the other one in the Neutral Municipal district, Rio de Janeiro, which both supported the initial development of the Brazilian geodetic triangulation network.

Correspondence courses have been offered in Brazil since the late 19th century; in the 20th century, instructional media such as radio and television were successfully used long before the introduction of the Internet. However, distance education (DE) was officially established in Brazil only in 1996 by the National Educational Law of Policies and Bases. Several censuses conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and the Brazilian Association of Distance Education (ABED) collected statistics on the number of institutions and students involved in DE in Brazil. Although higher education DE has developed in the country since then, several attempts to create an Open University failed. The institution that is now The Open University of Brazil (UAB), created in 2005, focused mainly on teacher education. However, it is not a new institution (but rather a system of older institutions). It is neither a university (but rather a consortium of public federal, state, and municipal face-to-face educational institutions), nor open (candidates should have at least finished high school and are required to pass a rigorous entrance exam). Although UAB certainly contributed to the progress of DE in Brazil, it faces many challenges and problems, such as the continuously questioned quality of its learning support centers, labor relations, issues related to hiring face-to-face and online tutors, and the structure and organization of producing content for courses. This article presents a brief history and the main characteristics of DE in Brazil, details UAB’s structure, and discusses the challenges it faces.

O território do município de Resende Costa (MG) convive com a tradição da produção doméstica têxtil desde o século XVIII. Entretanto, o que se constata, a partir do final do século XX, é um mercado de tecelagem tradicional. Este artigo analisa a construção social desse mercado municipal a partir de dados históricos do século XVIII e XIX, pesquisas do final do século XX e dados primários coletados em 2009 em 664 domicílios produtores e 69 estabelecimentos comerciais. Esse mercado foi construído por uma produção dispersa nos domicílios, pela divisão do trabalho e pela organização burocrática comercial que controla seus serviços produtivos para atender às pressões de consumo e solidariedade entre indivíduos com interesses econômicos imersos em relações familiares, que formam a densidade e disciplina moral desse mercado municipal de tecelagem tradicional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistema produtivo tradicional. Sociologia econômica. Estrutura socioeconômica. TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION AND IMMERSION OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS Gustavo Melo Silva Jorge Alexandre Barbosa Neves The municipality of Resende Costa (MG) has had a tradition of domestic textile production since the 18th century. However, since the end of the 20th century it has been a market of traditional weaving. This article analyzes the social construction of this municipal market based on records from the 18th and 19th centuries, research from late 20th century and also preliminary data gathered in 2009 from 664 domestic producers and 69 businesses. This market was made up of uneven production in the homes, the division of labor, and the commercial bureaucratic organization which controls their production services to meet consumer demands and solidarity among individuals with economic interests immersed in family relationships, which make up the density and moral discipline of this municipal market of traditional weaving. KEY WORDS: traditional production system, economic sociology, socioeconomic structure. SYSTÈMES DE PRODUCTION TRADITIONNELS ET IMMERSION D’INTÉRÊTS ECONOMIQUES DANS LES RELATIONS SOCIALES Gustavo Melo Silva Jorge Alexandre Barbosa Neves La production familiale textile est une tradition de la commune de Resende Costa (Etat de Minas Gerais) depuis le XVIIIe siècle. Cependant ce qu’on peut voir à partir de la fin du XXe siècle, c’est un marché de tissage traditionnel. Cet article présente l’analyse la construction sociale de ce marché municipal en se basant sur des données historiques des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, des recherches faites à la fin du XXe siècle et des données primaires recueillies en 2009 auprès de 664 familles de producteurs et 69 magasins. La construction de ce marché s’est faite grâce à la production dispersée des familles, la division du travail et l’organisation bureaucratique commerciale qui contrôle ses services productifs afin de répondre aux exigences de consommation et de solidarité entre individus dont les intérêts économiques sont incrustés dans les relations familiales. Et ce sont justement ces familles qui constituent la densité et la discipline morale du marché municipal du tissage traditionnel. MOTS-CLÉS: système productif traditionnel, sociologie économique, structure socioéconomique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

There is a need to increase new perspectives studies and to include culture value, cultural heritage and traditional communities in balance with their environment. While Cultural Heritage has been studied for centuries, the Cultural Landscape originated new concepts. Protecting cultural landscapes contributes to maintain and increase natural values, ​​and to aggregate several tangible and intangible values. In recent years, methods of life cycle assessment, LCA and (social) S-LCA, have evolved into the analysis of products and services impacts along the value chain, allying approachs of social performance, in order to achieve sustainable development. A case study was conducted at Colônia Murici (State Paraná, Brazil), a rural agricultural community, with Polish ethnic prevalence, inserted in the historical context of european immigration at the late 19th century. It addressess the challenge of preserving their Araucaria (Paraná Pine) wooden architecture and their Cultural Landscape. The aim of this study is to present a literature review survey of S-LCA focused on Cultural Heritage, and examine interviews with specialists and community members. The study of S-LCA methodology demonstrated that the specialists and community members participation is essential, specially in stakeholders definition and in the recognition of impact subcategories. Understanding social and cultural structure, besides the commmunities engagement, is the first step for heritage management. Respecting biomes and the Araucaria Forest emerged as the most relevant subcategory. The pine image represented by Paranista Movement artists at the beginning of the 20th century became an element of regional identity and the Araucaria remains its symbolic value in the especialists evaluation. The cultural dimension is a decisive component, beside the Cultural Heritage, as necessary indicators in the establishment of goals, in monitoring sustainable local development and in supporting decision-makers.

Ce travail porte sur le développement de l’hygiène publique dans le royaume de Grèce entre 1833, année de l’accession au trône du prince Othon de Bavière, et 1845, lorsqu’un système complet des lazarets et d’offices de santé trace les frontières politiques et épidémiologiques du royaume. Après avoir traité les structures de prévention sanitaire érigées tantôt à l’intérieur du pays (vaccinateurs, médecins publics, médecins municipaux) tantôt sur ses frontières, nous étudions les mesures pour lutter contre les maladies contagieuses (surtout la peste et la variole) et contre les miasmes. Nous nous efforçons d’analyser également les maladies qui déterminent la mortalité à l’époque ainsi que les théories médicales qui expliquent les mesures appliquées, en essayant de dépasser certains aspects de la distinction classique d’Erwin Ackerknecht entre contagionnisme et infectionnisme. Enfin, nous abordons la formation du corps médical officiel, processus qui a entraîné des changements dans la pratique médicale. Cet intérêt pour l’hygiène publique impose l’étude de la construction de l’Etat et de sa ‘base biologique’. L’hygiène publique définit les menaces contre lesquelles elle s’érige en même temps qu’elle construit et met en sécurité la collectivité. Dans l’Etat de police du caméraliste Othon I, ces développements sont l’affaire de la bureaucratie, de l’administration, de la force publique et de la science de la police sanitaire. Son but était la construction et la mise en ordre de l’espace public, de l’espace d’action de l’Etat, qui est tout autant naturel que social. Cet établissement d’un ordre favorise la centralisation sanitaire en même temps qu’il prétend discipliner (processus de civilisation) les éléments naturels et les forces sociales pour qu’ils puissent être coordonnés sans résistances ; autrement dit, l’action d’imposer un ordre pacifie. La police sanitaire contrôle ces processus, en reconfigurant les liens que les hommes tissent entre eux, avec la géographie, avec la nature et avec leurs maladies
This study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of the cameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases

Defence date: 28 September 2001
Examining board: Prof. Albert Carreras, Universitat Pompeo Fabra, Barcelona (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Peter Hertner, Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg (supervisor) ; Prof. Jaime Reis, Instituto Universitário Europeu, Florença ; Prof. Steven Topik, University of California, Irvine
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

A cidade de Aveiro sofreu no século XIX várias transformações físicas, voltando a sofrer novas transformações no século XX, altura em que a malha urbana possibilitou o desenvolvimento da cidade. Inserida nestas alterações está a Avenida Dr. Lourenço Peixinho que permitiu a conexão urbana entre o caminho-de-ferro e o centro. A avenida sobrevive aos Planos Urbanísticos (1948-2009) que surgiram após a sua abertura. A investigação visa identificar as tipologias arquitectónicas predominantes, existentes nesta estrutura, entender a problemática do espaço nos diferentes níveis de uso do solo e de mudança de função das habitações para comércio e serviços. Para além disso verifica-se a valorização dessas edificações dominados por atores sociais que defendem diversos interesses comerciais, municipais e imobiliários. Neste contexto o artigo visa definir critérios que permitam a conservação do património arquitectónico e urbanístico contribuindo para a investigação no urbanismo, tendo como suporte o estudo da referida avenida, enquanto património local. The city of Aveiro, suffered a number of physical transformations in the 19th century, undergoing new transformations in the 20th century, when the urban grid enabled the development of the city. Included in these changes is the Avenue Dr. Lourenço Peixinho which provided the urban connection between the railway and the City Center. The Avenue survived the urbanistic plans (1948-2009) that emerged after its opening. This research aims at the identification of the predominant architectural typologies in this structure, the understanding of the problem of space in different levels of land use and change of function of the dwellings for trade and services. In addition there is the valorization of these buildings which are dominated by social elements embodying various commercial, municipal and real estate interests. In this context the article intends to define criteria for the preservation of the architectural and urban heritage, contributing to the research in urbanism, having as grounds the study of that Avenue, as local heritage.