Thèses : « Multispecie »

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MARIANI, JACOPO. « MULTICENTRE AND MULTISPECIES PRECLINICAL TRIAL OF REMOTE ISCHEMIC CONDITIONING IN ANIMAL MODEL OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE (TRICS–BASIC) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403043.

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Il condizionamento ischemico remoto (RIC) risulta essere un candidato ideale per essere investigato in uno studio multicentrico volto al trattamento dell'ictus ischemico acuto (AIS). L’ efficacia terapeutica del RIC è stata dimostrata a livello preclinico, come riportato da precedenti studi ottenuti da singoli laboratori; ciò nonostante, gli studi clinici di fase II-III non hanno ancora fornito risultati soddisfacenti. TRICS Basic è definita come la fase preclinica del progetto TRICS, un Trial traslazionale multicentrico di Condizionamento Ischemico Remoto in modelli animali di Ictus Ischemico Acuto, sostenuto dell’Organizzazione Italiana sull’ictus (ISO), che ha previsto la collaborazione di 7 università e centri di ricerca italiani. TRICS Basic è uno studio preclinico multicentrico, randomizzato e consistente, oltre ad essere orientato alla pratica traslazionale. Lo studio include due specie animali (ratti e topi) ed entrambi i generi (maschi e femmine) sono ugualmente rappresentati. Lo scopo di questo progetto è quello di studiare l'efficacia del trattamento RIC in modelli preclinici di ictus ischemico acuto. Tutti gli animali allocati nel gruppo MCAo+ (soggetti ad ictus) sono stati sottoposti allo stesso tempo di occlusione (60min nei topi; 100min nei ratti). In particolare, il trattamento è stato applicato bloccando l'arteria femorale ipsilaterale per 10 minuti nei topi e 20 nei ratti. La valutazione dei risultati è stata eseguita in cieco, sia per quanto riguarda l’outcome funzionale dicotomizzato (risultato primario), che per la quantificazione del volume dell'infarto (risultato secondario) a 48 ore. Anche le analisi statistiche sono state eseguite in cieco e secondo un paradigma intention–to–treat. Durante la fase sperimentale iniziale, è stata effettuata una fase di armonizzazione, includendo tutti i centri coinvolti, al fine di ridurre le differenze di valutazione durante la valutazione neurocomportamentale. Dopo aver raggiunto l'obiettivo di interclass correlation (ICC)=0.60, imposto a priori dal protocollo pre–pubblicato, la vera fase sperimentale ha avuto inizio. La coorte sperimentale è composta da n=206 animali (n=110 topi e n=96 ratti) ma solo n=152 sono stati inclusi nell’analisi finale per il gruppo MCAo+ (n=81 topi; n=71 ratti). I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che il RIC ha un effetto positivo a livello dell’outcome funzionale (+20% nei topi; +18% nei ratti) ed è in grado di ridurre l'area della lesione ischemica (-4,3% nei topi; -26,6% nei ratti) in entrambe le specie analizzate. Nonostante il consistente numero di animali utilizzati in questo studio, rispetto ai precedenti studi preclinici su questo trattamento, non abbiamo raggiunto la significatività statistica nei nostri due outcome principali, se confrontiamo le singole specie animali. Al contrario, analizzando tutti gli animali come un’unica specie, abbiamo ottenuto un risultato significativo in entrambi gli outcome. Ciò suggerisce che, analogamente agli studi clinici, una maggiore dimensione della popolazione avrebbe portato a risultati più significativi per quanto riguarda il miglioramento del deficit neurologico e la riduzione del volume dell’infarto, analizzando le singole specie.
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) represents an ideal candidate to enter a multicenter trial for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment, since previous results from single laboratories support its efficacy, but unfortunately phase II–III clinical trials still provided inconclusive results. TRICS–Basic is the preclinical trial in the TRICS project, a multicentre translational Trial of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Ischemic Stroke from the Italian Stroke Organization (ISO) Basic Science network, which consisted in the collaboration of 7 Italian institution. TRICS–Basic is a robust, translationally oriented, multicentre, randomized preclinical trial, which includes two animal species (rats and mice) and both male and female sexes are equally represented. The aim of this project was to investigate the efficacy of RIC treatment in AIS experimental models. All the animals in the MCAo+ groups were subjected to the same time of occlusion (60 min in mice; 100 min in rats). The treatment was applied by clamping the ipsilateral femoral artery for 10 min in mice and 20 min in rats. Blinded outcomes assessment was performed both for dichotomized functional neuroscore (primary outcome) and for infarct volume (secondary outcome) at 48 hours. Statistical analyses were performed in a blind status and according to an intention–to–treat paradigm. During the initial experimental period, we carried out a harmonization phase, including all the involved centres, in order to reduce the assessment bias during the neurobehavioral test evaluation. After we have reached the target of Inter class correlation (ICC) 30.60 imposed a priori by the protocol paper, we started the real experimental phase. The experimental cohort was composed by n=206 animals (n=110 mice and n=96 rats) but only n=168 were allocated in the MCAo+ groups (n=88 mice; n=80 rats) and n=152 animals were included in the study (n=78 mice; n=74 rats). The obtained data showed that RIC improve the good functional outcome (+20% in mice; +18% in rats) and reduce the area of ischemic injury (-4.3% in mice; -26.6% in rats) in both species. Despite the large number of animals used in this study and as compared to previous preclinical studies on RIC treatment, we did not reach the statistical significance in our two major outcomes, if we compare the single species alone. On the contrary, if we combine together all the animals, we obtained a significant result in both the analysed outcomes. This suggest that, similarly to clinical trials, a larger sample size would have resulted in more significant results in the functional and the infarct size outcomes single species analyses.

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Metcalfe, Daniel J. « Multispecies design ». Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13351/.

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The devastating effects that unsustainable design practices have on the natural world and other species with whom we share this planet have gained widespread awareness and are the driving force behind attempts to develop more sustainable design approaches. These efforts tend to focus on minimising the negative effects that design has on the natural world by reduced material and energy usage. However, the possibility that design may have an active role in mitigating the erosion of biodiversity has only entered the discussion in recent years and remains a marginal activity for design. Following an ongoing paradigm shift calling for the inclusion of a greater diversity of wild animals within human-dominated habitats (as a way of addressing both the erosion of biodiversity and humankind’s alienation from nature), this research proposes that there is a growing need for a design practice capable of responding to the needs of wild animals, while addressing questions of human-animal interaction. In this thesis, Multispecies Design is proposed and developed as a theoretical framework for supporting the shift to more biodiverse human habitats. The research addresses both the physical and socio-cultural requirements of such a shift. Three distinct views define this emerging design approach: recognising animals as clients of design, recognising human-animal interactions as designed experiences and the view of manmade systems as further extensions of ecological systems. The methodological implications of Multispecies Design have been explored in a case study design project concerned with the ecological enhancement of a coastal outfall pipe on a highly frequented beach in Cornwall, UK. The case study explored ways of designing to address the needs of both people and of wild animal species, as well as the interactions between the two groups. It focused on identifying and developing design approaches and tools for studying and representing wild animals in design projects to facilitate their integration into built environments. These tools were further refined in a series of workshops with design and art students carried out during the PhD research. The insights from the practical work, together with the theoretical framework developed alongside them, have led to the development of Principles of Multispecies Design and practical and conceptual Tools for Multispecies Design.

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Mercante, Donald Eugene. « Analysis of multispecies microcosm experiments ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39798.

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Rasmussen, J. « Multispecies effects in larval fish assemblages ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590944.

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A drift study was conducted east of Shetland in May 1996 which collected a range of environmental and biological data on a 6-hourly basis while tracking a patch of fish larvae. The data analysed in this work identified hydrographic sub-domains in the water column before, during, and after the onset of spring bloom conditions. It became evident that the water body which was being tracked was subject to some exchange processes as concentrations of zooplankton concentrations fluctuated to a larger extent than could be accounted for by internal production. A detailed analysis of zooplankton composition and larval fish gut contents were performed for a range of stations throughout the study. Seven species of larval fish were examined to assess potential density dependent processes occurring in the larval fish assemblages. However, the concentrations of larval fish prey items were generally high throughout the study, and the feeding of the entire larval fish assemblage had a negligible potential impact on the standing stock of zooplankton. The individual species of larval fish displayed changes in food selected with increased sizes. Some of the apparent higher relative proportions of prey in larval fish guts were explained from turbulence enhanced encounter rates, but strong selectivity for certain types of prey were still apparent. Conclusively, no density dependent processes were apparent during this study, but there are strong indications of dietary overlap between commercially important species, which potentially could have significant effects during food limitation.

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Martin, Sarah Margaret. « An integrated analysis of multispecies tropical fisheries ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538691.

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Bottomley, Herbert Christian. « The population biology of multispecies helminth infection ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445327/.

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Vertebrate hosts are frequently infected with multiple helminth species. There is a body of experimental evidence to suggest that infection with one parasite species can have either an antagonistic or synergistic effect on another species such interactions may occur through parasite establishment, survival and fecundity. The extent to which such interactions are involved in the organization of helminth communities is largely unknown. Mathematical models based on Markov processes are used to explore two themes: 1) The effect of interspecific interactions on the joint distribution of helminth par asites in a population of hosts, and 2) conditions under which interacting species can coexist. To explore the former, models are formulated that describe the pro cess by which helminths of two species are acquired and lost in a cohort of ageing hosts. In these models, the interspecific interaction occurs at the point of parasite establishment within the host such that the rate of establishment depends on the current worm burdens of the two species. The results are used to highlight some of the difficulties associated with inferring interspecific interactions from ecological data. The relationship between competition and species coexistence is investigated us ing models of the long-term dynamics of interacting species. Models are developed in which there is a free-living larval stage whose population size is dependent on the size of the adult worm population. The models are analyzed using 'hybrid' and 'moment-closure' approximations the former involves replacing stochastic com ponents of the model with deterministic approximations, and the latter assumes a functional relationship between higher and lower order moments based on a specified distribution. The Lotka-Volterra model of competition is derived for the case where hosts are equally exposed to parasites of the same species. Coexistence of two compet ing species is promoted by heterogeneous host exposure to each parasite species, provided that the rates of exposure to the two parasite species are not perfectly, positively correlated, and provided that the degree of heterogeneity in host expo sure is similar for both species. In addition, it is shown that the conditions required for coexistence are the same regardless of whether competition occurs at the point of parasite establishment within the host or via parasite fecundity. These results are discussed within the context of helminth community ecology.

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Roth, Andrea J. « Multispecies Character Displacement in Mexican Poeciliopsis Fishes ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8278.

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Competition has long been recognized as a central force in shaping evolution, particularly through character displacement. Yet research on character displacement is biased as it has focused almost exclusively on pairs of interacting species while ignoring multispecies interactions. Unfortunately, communities are seldom so simple that only pairs of species interact, and it is not clear if inferences from pairwise interactions are sufficient to explain patterns in nature. A more realistic approach is to ask how traits evolve when multiple species interact. Here I explore the importance of multispecies competitive interactions on trait evolution in four congeneric species of livebearing fishes in the genus Poeciliopsis (P. prolifica, P. viriosa, P. latidens, and P. presidionis). These species are found co-occurring throughout northwestern Mexico: My first chapter builds a framework for multispecies character displacement research by hypothesizing three effects that an unconsidered competitor, termed a hidden competitor, can have on pairwise interactions and the resulting pattern of character displacement. I show through these effects that research focused solely on pairwise interactions can be misleading for character displacement. I also provide suggestions on how to address character displacement research that incorporates more complexity. In chapter two, I test for character displacement in body shape in the four congeneric species. I found evidence for convergent character displacement in populations of P. prolifica, P. viriosa, and P. latidens. I also found that the convergence in body shape was not consistently in the same direction, meaning that when more than two species co-occurred I did not find a more extreme body shape that when only two species co-occurred. On the contrary, body shape when more than two competitors co-occurred seemed to be intermediate between the shape of two competitors and no competitor. This intermediate shape suggests that evolution in multispecies communities may occur in response to several competitors, rather than pairwise interactions. Finally, in chapter three, I test the effect of several hypothetical selective pressures on life history of P. prolifica, including intraspecies and interspecies competition, factors not often considered in life history evolution. I found that competition, both intraspecific and interspecific, was the most important factor in explaining variation in life history. I also found that the best models were those that included these selective pressures as direct effects as opposed to indirect effects through resource availability. However, it is not clear why competition was supported as a direct effect and future studies are needed to fully understand this aspect. Overall, my research suggests that competition plays an important role in shaping trait evolution, even in traits where it has not been considered. Thus, competition should be included in future studies as it may be an important factor in shaping several traits. I also found that competition in multispecies interactions is more complex than in a simple pairwise interactions, and can be harder to detect due to confounding effects acting in conjunction with competition. My study highlights the importance of competition and of considering multispecies competition to better understand the effects of competition.

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Celiker, Hasan. « Exploring multispecies evolutionary dynamics using model microbial ecosystems ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91125.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
76
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-85).
Experiments to date probing adaptive evolution have predominantly focused on studying a single species or a pair of species in isolation. In nature, on the other hand, species evolve within complex communities, interacting and competing with many other species. We developed experimental microbial ecosystems with which we can start to answer some of the fundamental questions regarding evolution in complex ecosystems. We first tested how the evolution of cooperation within a species can be affected by the presence of competitor species in an ecosystem. To achieve this, we used sucrose metabolism of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a model cooperative system that is subject to social parasitism by cheater strategies. We found that when co-cultured with a bacterial competitor, Escherichia coli, the frequency of cooperator phenotypes in yeast populations increases dramatically as compared to isolated yeast populations. These results indicate that a thorough understanding of species interactions is crucial for explaining the maintenance and evolution of cooperation in nature. Next, we wanted to explore the question of whether evolution in a multispecies community is deterministic or random. We let many replicates of a multispecies laboratory bacterial ecosystem evolve in parallel for hundreds of generations. We found that after evolution, relative abundances of individual species varied greatly across the evolved ecosystems and that the final profile of species frequencies within replicates clustered into several distinct types, as opposed to being randomly dispersed across the frequency space or converging fully. These results suggest that community structure evolution has a tendency to follow one of only a few distinct paths.
by Hasan Celiker.
Ph. D.

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Mattei, Maria Rosaria. « Mathematical modelling of multispecies biofilms for wastewater treatment ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1182/document.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'application d'un modèle mathématique unidimensionnel de formation et de croissance de biofilms multi-espèces. Le modèle se compose d'un système d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques, décrivant la croissance d'espèces microbiennes dans le biofilm, et un système d'équations semi-linéaires aux dérivées partielles paraboliques, qui régit la diffusion de substrat de la phase aqueuse vers la matrice du biofilm. L'ensemble conduit à un problème de valeur limite libre, essentiellement hyperbolique. Dans une première étude, l'analyse et la simulation de la phase initiale de croissance du biofilm ont été examinées. Le problème mathématique résultant a été discuté en utilisant la méthode des caractéristiques et le théorème du point fixe a été utilisé pour déterminer l'existence et l'unicité des solutions mathématiques. Un deuxième aspect de la thèse porte sur l'analyse et la prévision de la dynamique des populations microbienne dans plusieurs types biofilms pour le traitement des eaux usées. Le modèle a été appliqué pour simuler la compétition bactérienne et évaluer l'influence de la diffusion du substrat sur la stratification microbienne des biofilms multi-espèces, en incluant les bactéries nitrifiantes, Anammox et bactéries sulfato-réductrices. Dans les deux cas, la méthode des caractéristiques a été utilisée à des fins numériques et l'équation de conservation de masse joue un rôle crucial pour vérifier l'exactitude des simulations. Les résultats des simulations montrent que le modèle est en mesure d'évaluer correctement les effets des conditions limites qui s'exercent sur la concurrence bactérienne. Enfin, ce modèle a été étendu pour inclure le phénomène de colonisation microbienne. Le nouveau modèle est capable de prendre en compte l'invasion de nouvelles espèces en se basant sur un ensemble d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques pour ce qui concerne le processus de croissance. De plus, le processus d'invasion biologique d'espèces nouvelles dans le biofilm a été modélisé par un système d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles paraboliques. Ce modèle d'invasion a été appliqué avec succès pour simuler l'invasion des bactéries hétérotrophes dans les biofilms autotrophes
This dissertation relates to the applications of a one-dimensional mathematical model for multispecies biofilm formation and growth. The model consists of a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations, describing the growth of microbial species in biofilms, and a system of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations, which governs substrate diffusion from the surrounding aqueous phase into the biofilm. Overall, this leads to a free boundary value problem, essentially hyperbolic. In a first study, the analysis and simulations of the initial phase of biofilm growth have been addressed. The resulting mathematical problem has been discussed by using the method of characteristics and the fixed-point theorem has been used to obtain existence, uniqueness and properties of solutions. A second aspect of the thesis deals with the analysis and prediction of population dynamics in multispecies biofilms for wastewater treatment. The model has been applied to simulate the bacterial competition and to evaluate the influence of substrate diffusion on microbial stratification for a nitrifying multispecies biofilm including Anammox bacteria and a sulfate-reducing biofilm. In both cases, the method of characteristics has been used for numerical purposes and the mass conservation equation plays a crucial role in checking the accuracy of simulations. The simulation results reveal that the model is able to evaluate properly the effects that boundary conditions exert on bacterial competition. Finally, the biofilm model has been extended to include the colonization phenomenon. The new model is able to take into account the invasion of new species diffusing from bulk liquid to biofilm, still based on a set of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations for what concerns growth process. Indeed, the biological invasion process of new species into the biofilm has been modeled by a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. The invasion model has been successfully applied to simulate the invasion of heterotrophic bacteria in a constituted autotrophic biofilm and viceversa

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Smith, Leanne. « Predicting yield and profit losses from multispecies weed competition ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388471.

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Säterberg, Torbjörn. « Minimum Ecologically Viable Populations : Risk assessment from a multispecies perspective ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18959.

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The extinction risk of threatened species has traditionally been assessed by the use of tools of Population Viability Analysis (PVA). Species interactions, however, have seldom been accounted for in PVA:s. The omission of species interactions in risk assessments may further lead to serious mistakes when setting target sizes of populations. Even a slight abundance decrease of a target species may result in changes of the community structure; in the worst case leading to a highly impoverished community. Of critical importance to conservation is therefore the question of how many individuals of a certain population that is needed in order to avoid this kind of consequences. In the current study, a stochastic multispecies model is used to estimate minimum ecological viable populations (MEVP); earlier defined as “the minimum size of a population that can survive before itself or some other species in the community becomes extinct”. The MEVP:s are compared to population sizes given by a single species model where interactions with other species are treated as a constant source incorporated in the species specific growth rate. MEVP:s are found to be larger than the population sizes given by the single species model. The results are trophic level dependent and multispecies approaches are suggested to be of major importance when setting target levels for species at the basal level. Species at higher trophic levels, however, are altogether more prone to extinction than species at the basal level, irrespective of food web size and food web complexity.

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Williams, Chelsea. « The Effects of Multispecies Grazing on Pasture Management and Utilization ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1055.

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Multispecies grazing research was conducted using meat-type goats (Capra hircus L.) and Jersey heifers (Bos taurus L.) to determine the relationships between multiple grazing treatments and pasture utilization. The study was conducted for 60 days on the Western Kentucky University Farm in Bowling Green, KY. Cattle and goats have shown to differ in grazing preferences and to be economically important to the area. Grazing treatments included goats and cattle grazing simultaneously, sequentially, and goats grazing alone. A typical established Kentucky pasture was utilized with no weed management practices employed. Predominant forage species included tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Exclosures were utilized as controls. Data included forage quality, composition, availability, height, visual weed cover and live ground cover, and thistle consumption, collected every 15 days. Results indicated a significant difference in sample dry weights between grazing treatments and ungrazed controls in every treatment except when goats followed cattle. At day 60, grazed areas had significantly lower forage heights than the control when goats grazed with and before cattle. Instances where goats followed cattle resulted in significantly higher NDF compared to the control. All treatments containing goats had significantly lower leaf numbers per thistle plant (Carduus nutans L.) than cattle only treatment. Based on this study, sequential and simultaneous grazing of cattle and goats may be an effective nodding thistle control strategy, but future experimentation is needed for determination of forage utilization and quality relationships.

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Dostie, Sébastien. « Chemotherapeutic decontamination of dental implants colonized by multispecies oral biofilm ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53472.

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Objectives: A recent meta-analysis reported that 18.8% of patients treated with dental implants are affected by peri-implantitis. Chemotherapeutic agents are often used during surgical decontamination of the dental implant despite limited evidence to support their efficacy. It is also known that mature biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobial agents. No studies have tested disinfectants on mature multispecies oral biofilms on titanium substrata. The aim of this study is to develop a multispecies oral biofilm implant model and to determine its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The null hypothesis is that no chemical agent is more effective than saline rinse to decontaminate sandblasted acid etched (SLA) titanium dental implant. Methods: Collagen-coated SLA titanium discs were inoculated with dispersed dental plaque with minimum bacterial cell concentration of 3.2 × 10⁷ CFU/ml. After 21 days of anaerobic incubation, discs were rinsed with 0.9% NaCl to remove unattached biofilm, and exposed for 2 minutes to tetracycline paste, 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, 35% phosphoric acid gel. Discs were rinsed again to remove the chemical agents. Bacterial counts were quantified from standardized scanning electron micrographs of the implant surface. Disinfectants were compared within each other and with the control groups (rinse and double-rinse). Results: After three weeks, the biofilm thickness on SLA discs was approximately 30 µm and showed the presence of multitude of rod and coccoid organisms. Rinsing the surfaces with 0.9% NaCl removed the majority of the biofilm. However, bacteria persisted in all specimens regardless of the treatment and none of the disinfectants was superior to the saline double-rinse group. CLSM analysis showed that CHX and Etch groups had a statistically significant reduction of viable bacteria within the biofilms, although small. New chemical and peeling-off techniques were also tested but did not remove significantly more bacteria than the double-rinse group. Conclusions: This mature multispecies biofilm model may be useful for the evaluation of decontamination of SLA implant surface. The tested chemical agents and the peeling-off techniques did not improve the decontamination effect when compared with the 0.9% NaCl rinse. CHX and Etch may provide a slight advantage in killing some of the remaining bacteria.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate

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Mohamad, Nordin Bin Haji. « Optimal management of a renewable resource in a multispecies ecosystem ». Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255341.

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Richards, Andrew. « New Species Tree Inference Methods Under the Multispecies Coalescent Model ». The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618507147603501.

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Stark, Jennifer Grace. « The establishment, drought tolerance, and weed suppression potential of multispecies sod ». Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/stark/StarkJ0509.pdf.

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Re-seeding is a frequently used technique to revegetate disturbed areas, but often leaves bare ground prone to weed invasion. Mixtures of drought tolerant or native species in sod could be used as an alternative to seed to provide rapid establishment of desirable plant communities that may potentially reduce weed emergence, survival, and productivity. Additionally, the reinforcement material required to aid transport of multispecies sod could further contribute to weed suppression and sod establishment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the weed suppression and establishment potential of multispecies sod. Three experiments were each subject to a water regime ranging from 2.54 cm of water/week to natural precipitation, and repeated over two/three years. In the first two experiments (A and B) Brassica napus (canola) was used as a surrogate weed species and sown either below the multispecies sod to represent weed seed bank, or above the multispecies sod to represent weed seed rain. In experiment A, B. napus was sown at six densities; while in experiment B reinforcement materials (nylon netting control, coconut-straw, jute, excelsior) were added below the sod and B. napus was sown at one density. B. napus suppression by multispecies sod, with or without reinforcement material, was evaluated by recording seedling emergence, survival and above-ground biomass. Multispecies sod, especially combined with reinforcement material, suppressed a large proportion of seedling emergence. The seedlings that did establish produced less vegetative and seed biomass as water decreased. In the second season of both experiments no seedlings survived to maturity. The establishment success of the multispecies sod was evaluated through repeated measures of percent sod cover over two/three years. The results suggested that the multispecies sod was able to establish and persist under natural precipitation. The third experiment evaluated the ability of multispecies sod to suppress Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) vegetative propagules in two different habitat types, bare ground or multispecies sod, under high and low water treatments. More C. arvense shoots emerged in the bare ground, suggesting that multispecies sod could act as a buffer zone and reduce the vegetative spread of perennial weeds if used as a revegetation strategy.

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Groom, Michael Robert. « Direct Numerical Simulation of Shock-Induced Turbulent Mixing with High-Resolution Methods ». Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23721.

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Turbulent mixing evolving from the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, also known as shock-induced turbulent mixing, is investigated using numerical simulations of fundamental test problems with high-resolution computational methods. An existing state-of-the-art implicit large eddy simulation algorithm for compressible multispecies flows is extended to include the effects of viscous dissipation, thermal conductivity and species diffusion by deriving a novel set of governing equations for binary mixtures. This allows for direct numerical simulations of shock-induced turbulent mixing to be performed for arbitrary gas mixtures cases where the ratio of specific heats may vary with mixture composition at much greater computational efficiency. Using direct numerical simulation, a detailed study is performed of the effects of Reynolds number on the transition to turbulence in shock-induced mixing evolving from narrowband initial conditions. Even though the turbulence in the highest Reynolds number case is not fully developed, a careful analysis shows that the high Reynolds number limit of several key quantities is able to be estimated from the present data. The mixing layer is also shown to be persistently anisotropic at all Reynolds numbers, which also has important consequences for modelling. At the time of writing, the highest Reynolds number case from this set of simulations is the highest achieved in any fully-resolved direct numerical simulations presented in the open literature for this class of problems. Implicit large eddy simulation is employed to investigate the influence of broadband initial conditions on the late-time evolution of a shock-induced turbulent mixing layer. Both the bandwidth of initial modes as well as their relative amplitudes are varied, showing that both the growth rate of the mixing layer width and the decay rate of fluctuating kinetic energy strongly depend on initial conditions. Finally, both implicit large eddy simulations and direct numerical simulations are performed of an idealised shock tube experiment to analyse the effects of additional long wavelength, low amplitude modes in the initial perturbation. These calculations represent the first direct numerical simulations performed of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability evolving from broadband initial conditions.

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Swope, Sarah M. « Multispecies interactions and demography of the invasive thistle Centaurea solstitialis in California / ». Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Wood, Robert J. « Synoptic scale climatic forcing of multispecies fish recruitment patterns in Chesapeake Bay ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. http://web.vims.edu/library/Theses/Wood2000.pdf.

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Najmi, Hussain. « Selectivity of Porous Composite Materials for Multispecies mixtures : Application to Fuel Cells ». Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAB0001/document.

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L'utilisation de pile à combustible à bord d'un avion impose d'extraire des espèces légères (telles que l'hydrogène et les hydrocarbures légers) du combustible liquide qui est stocké et utilisé, éventuellement à des températures où se produit une pyrolyse du carburant. La porosité d’un matériau composite pourrait être utilisée pour filtrer les espèces sélectionnées. L'efficacité de séparation d’un matériau poreux dépend de deux facteurs qui sont: la perméance et la sélectivité.Ces facteurs sont souvent déterminés avec une configuration classique utilisant un échantillon en forme d’un disque d’un matériau poreux. Cependant, cette configuration est loin de la réalité qui est composée de tubes. Par conséquent, une étude est réalisée en considérant les deux configurations en utilisant différents types de disques poreux et un tube composite poreux. Ensuite, les résultats obtenus sont comparés et les différents facteurs affectant le processus de perméation sont étudiés.Après cela, un banc d'essai innovant est développé et utilisé afin de déterminer la distribution axiale des deux propriétés d'un tube poreux en acier inoxydable (c'est-à-dire la perméance et la sélectivité). Les effets des conditions opératoires (débit massique d'entrée et pression d'entrée) ont été étudiés. Une nouvelle forme radiale de l'équation de perméabilité aux gaz a été développée pour ce travail et sa relation avec la perméabilité de Darcy est établie. La variation de pression le long de l'axe central du tube est déterminée. Les effets de cette variation de pression sur les propriétés physiques des gaz tels que la densité et la viscosité sont déterminés et leur influence sur la sélectivité est étudiée en utilisant différents gaz tels que l'azote, le dioxyde de carbone, le méthane et l'hélium.Plus tard, un mélange binaire de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et d'Azote (N2) est considéré sous trois compositions volumétriques différentes (50/50%, 60/40% et 70/30%) afin d'évaluer la propriété de séparation de gaz d’un tube poreux (effet de membrane). La perméabilité au gaz pur, la perméabilité du mélange, la sélectivité idéale et la sélectivité de séparation de ce tube sont déterminées pour un débit massique et une pression d'entrée différents. Les facteurs affectant les distributions de CO2 et de N2 à l'intérieur du tube poreux sont étudiés.Les résultats obtenus peuvent être utiles pour comprendre les facteurs affectant la séparation des gaz dans le cas d'un tube poreux pour des processus industriels continus
Using Fuel Cell on board of aircraft imposes to extract light species (such as Hydrogen and light hydrocarbons) from the liquid fuel which is stored and used, possibly at temperatures where a fuel pyrolysis occurs. Porosity of a composite material could be used to filtrate the selected species. The separation efficiency of a porous material depends upon two factors which are: Permeance and Selectivity.These factors are often determined with a classical configuration using a porous disk sample. However, this configuration is far from the realistic one consisting of tubes. Therefore, a study is performed considering both configurations using different types of porous disks and a porous composite tube. Then, the obtained results are compared and the different factors affecting the permeation process are studied.After that, an innovative permselectivity test bench is developed and used in order to determine the axial distribution of the two properties of a stainless steel porous tube (i.e. permeance and selectivity). The effects of the operating conditions (inlet mass flowrate and inlet pressure) have been studied. A new radial form of the gas permeability equation has been developed for this work and its relationship with Darcy‘s permeability is established. The pressure variation along the centre axis of the tube is determined. The effects of this pressure variation on the physical properties of gases such as density and viscosity are determined and their influence on the selectivity is studied using different gases such as Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Methane, and Helium. Later, a binary mixture of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and of Nitrogen (N2) is considered under three different volumetric compositions (50/50%, 60/40% and 70/30%) in order to evaluate the separation property of the porous stainless steel tube (membrane effect). The pure gas permeability, the mixture permeability, the ideal selectivity and the separation selectivity of this tube are determined for a different mass flowrate and inlet pressure. The factors affecting the distributions of CO2 and N2 inside the porous tube are investigated. The obtained results can be useful to understand the factors affecting gas separation in case of a porous tube for continuous industrial processes

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Ganapathy, Murali. « Mercury dynamics in the Lahontan Reservoir, application of QWASI fugacity/aquivalence multispecies model ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29376.pdf.

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Sbrogna, Kristen Alina. « Becoming Food Crop| A Multispecies Ethnography of Three Food-Plants in a Changing California ». Thesis, Prescott College, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13424517.

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This dissertation details a doctoral research project studying three food-plants—and their potential for introduction into diet and agriculture in Northern California. Applying post-qualitative methods to multispecies ethnography, I followed three food-plants (millets, edible bulbs, and milkweeds) through their life cycles and production chains, considering their many interactions with other species and the biosphere, as well as with humans. Each food's story emerged while investigating the food-plant and its potential as an appropriate crop for Northern California's changing climate. I followed each food's lifecycle, both textually and in the field, uncovering intra-actions along a "soil to sustenance" framework. The study is presented as a narrative that examines each food within cultural and biological contexts. Expanding current crop introduction efforts within a biocultural diversity framework, I call for a diversification of our choices for crops based not only on historical and cultural relevance, but also on current and future relevance for an evolving place and time. In this way, we can look to adaptive crops and traditions from around the globe, representing both a decolonization and a diversification of agriculture and diet.

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Joshi, Mirabel. « Multispecies Urban Space and History : : Dogs and Other Nonhuman Animals in 19th Century Stockholm ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264479.

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This text aims to place nonhuman animals at the core of urban space and history to provide an insight into the life and materiality of dogs in Stockholm 1824-1920. The theoretical possibilities of more-than-human enquiries into history are discussed along with non-human animals as historical beings together with humans creating a common history (Ingold 2000, Whatmore 2002). Moreover nonhuman animals are discussed and incorporated in an exploration into using what is here discussed as a multispecies narrative and used as an analytical tool to try to avoid the pitfalls of representationalism. It is also introduced as a possible new methodology to approaching the urban landscape within the field of environmental history. The main empirical material of dogs in nineteenth century Stockholm are records from the city dog pound along with records of dog tax and rabies. Other than archive material a wide range of material contemporary to the research period such as art, photography and literature is used as part of a broad exploration of nonhuman animals as integral in materiality of Stockholm and as historical beings. Findings of the study confirm that dogs and other nonhuman animals hugely impacted both the spatial structure and social space of Stockholm and that this impact transformed over the research period defined by societal changes. More specifically the study shows that dogs played an important role as free roaming scavengers and were for this reason accepted as an integral part of the city in the nineteenth century in Stockholm. Later in the research period when the city became more regulated this role started to change and dogs were not accepted loose on the streets to the same degree and transformed into pets and symbols of social mobility and class. Regarding the use of a multispecies narrative the conclusion that can be drawn form this thesis is that is opens up for discussions on the materiality of urban space and history.

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Pontasch, Kurt Walter. « Multispecies toxicity tests using indigenous organisms : predicting the effects of hazardous materials in streams ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49925.

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The purpose of the investigation presented in chapter 1 was to determine which of the following artificial stream designs would be most logistically simple yet effective in maintaining riffle insects during a 30-d bioassay: 1) static and no current (S-NC); 2) flow-through and no current (FT-NC); 3) static with current (S-C); or 4) flow-through with current (FT-C). Flow-through and current, when provided, were 12 ml min⁻¹ and 30 cm sec⁻¹, respectively. Streams were covered by emergence traps, and daylight equivalent lights provided a natural photoperiod. The four stream designs were evaluated in triplicate based on changes in insect species-abundances after 30 d. Test organisms were transferred to the artificial streams in rock-filled containers previously colonized for 30 d in a third-order mountain stream riffle. Relative to benthic samples taken directly from the source riffle, the artificial substrates selected for collector-filterers and against collector-gatherers. The FT-C and S-C stream designs maintained most taxa at or above initial densities. Emergent adults comprised a large proportion of mayfly and chironomid densities and must be monitored during bioassays with aquatic insects. The Investigation reported in chapter 2 was conducted to determine if contaminant-induced changes in macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities in laboratory stream microcosms could be used to predict macroinvertebrate and periphyton responses In a natural stream receiving the same contaminant. The microcosms were dosed in quadruplicate with four (0.0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0%) concentrations of a complex effluent; these concentrations reflected those in the field. Mayfly densities in the microcosms were significantly (P≤0.05) reduced at 1.0 or 10.0% effluent depending on species. Hydropsychlds were not affected by the effluent, and chironomids and periphyton were stimulated. Overall, the stream microcosms accurately predicted the macroinvertebrate and periphyton response observed in the field. Chapter 3 compared responses to a complex effluent from microcosms of indigenous macroinvertebrates and protozoans to responses observed in acute tests with Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas and chronic survival and reproductive tests with C. dubia The predictive utility of these various tests was then evaluated against observed effects in the receiving stream. The LC₅₀_s (% effluent) from the acute tests were 63.09 for Pimephales promelas, 18.8 to 31.3 for Daphnia magna and 54.7 for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Results from 7-day chronic tests indicated that C. dubia survival was significantly (P≤0.05) affected at 30% effluent and reproduction was affected at concentrations ≥3.0% effluent. In the protozoan microcosms, community composition was significantly (P≤0.05) changed at 1.0%; while protozoan species richness was significantly reduced at 3.0% effluent. The microcosms not only were the most sensitive indicators of effluent toxicity, they also correctly predicted which indigenous organisms would be lost and which would be stimulated at various ambient concentrations of the effluent. In the fourth chapter canonical discriminant analysis, 2 diversity indices, and 7 community comparison indices were evaluated to determine their utility in quantifying macroinvertebrate response to a complex effluent in laboratory microcosms. A permutation and randomization procedure was used to test the hypothesis of no treatment effect based on the community comparison indices. The Bray-Curtis index provided the most meaningful condensation of the data.
Ph. D.
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Branch, Trevor A. « The influence of individual transferable quotas on discarding and fishing behavior in multispecies fisheries / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5361.

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Gemein, Mascha Nicola. « Multispecies Thinking from Alexander von Humboldt to Leslie Marmon Silko : Intercultural Communication Toward Cosmopolitics ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293607.

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The concept of cosmopolitics identifies a multispecies political practice within the framework of multinaturalism. The dissertation, "Multispecies Thinking from Alexander von Humboldt to Leslie Marmon Silko: Intercultural Communication Toward Cosmopolitics," is concerned with understandings of multispecies relationships, with the human intercultural communication that could prepare for a cosmopolitical practice, and with the ways Native American fiction supports this endeavor. This research draws from Native American literary studies and ecocritical scholarship to illustrate the potential of transdisciplinary thinking about multispecies ethnography, cosmopolitics, and Indigenous paradigms as providing a promising communication zone against the grain of scientific imperialism. It thus traces the development of pluralist and multispecies-oriented thought and its points of connection to Indigenous paradigms from Alexander von Humboldt's Cosmos Studies of the early 19th century to 21st century Indigenous cosmopolitics. First, this study discusses the insights and obstructions to Western pluralist and multispecies thinking in relation to Native American paradigms from Humboldt via 19th century nature writers-Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, and John Muir-to contemporary interdisciplinary research. Opening to wide potential with Humboldt's holistic Cosmos Studies, intercultural communication was tempered by the colonial enterprise in the 19th century United States, including a nature-culture dualism and the notion of degenerated, vanishing Indigenous peoples. The resulting conceptual understandings, terms, and attitudes have been influential until today and are what contemporary Native American authors and activists are confronted with when engaged in their work. Detailed textual analysis of exemplary Native American literature outlines how contemporary authors criticize, counter-narrate, and/or integrate Western intellectual traditions. Furthermore, this study outlines 20th and 21st century scientific concepts that refine much earlier ideas, provide helpful terminology regarding Western approaches to Indigenous ontologies and multispecies thinking, and facilitate a new, insightful reading of contemporary Native American fiction as cosmopolitical texts. The analyses of works by Louise Erdrich, Linda Hogan, Louis Owens, and Leslie Marmon Silko demonstrate the value of these works to enhance multispecies thinking and respective political practices. Therefore, Native American literature plays a major role worldwide as an educational and critical tool for an intercultural communication toward cosmopolitics.

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Greeson, Kimberley M. « Of Pollinators and Forests| A Multispecies Ethnography of the Biopolitical Culture of Pollinators in Hawai'i ». Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288361.

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Due in part to its geographic isolation and unique climate, Hawai‘i has a high number of endemic species and is considered a biodiversity hotspot. At the same time, these characteristics make Hawai‘i vulnerable to species loss. To protect endangered species, conservationists focus on preserving Hawai‘i’s native ecosystems through invasive species control and habitat restoration. Native forests are central to Hawai‘i’s watershed, provide habitat for endemic pollinators, and foster bioculture. Pollinators are integral for ecosystem health as well as for human spaces, and worldwide pollinators have been on the decline. Since pollinators and their flowering counterparts are embedded in human lives, this research challenges traditional conservation approaches by contextualizing more-than-human entanglements within social, political, and cultural milieu. The purpose of this work is to draw from posthumanism, new materialism, and indigenous discourse to examine the biopolitical issues in which Hawaii’s endemic pollinators situate to re-envision questions and ethics of conservation. The researcher followed endemic pollinators through native forests to explore the entangled relationship between humans, pollinators, and forests examining the question, what is the biopolitical culture of endemic pollinators in Hawai’i? This multi-sited, multi-method research used a mix of autoethnography, participant observations and interviews, visual data, and archival and biocultural accounts to articulate emergent findings. The findings of this dissertation discuss the nuances of multispecies entanglements and mattering, politics of biological conservation and extinction, and material-discursive understandings of place. This study suggests human/more-than-human encounters are grounded in reciprocity and responsibility and co-create place.

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Olsen, Jesse Eric Burle. « Flood pulse influences on exploited fish populations of the Central Amazon ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83864.

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Seasonally fluctuating water levels, known as flood pulses, influence the population dynamics and catches of fishes from river-floodplains. Although different measures of flood pulses, here called flood pulse variables, have been correlated to changes in catches of river-floodplain fishes, the flood pulse variables that have the strongest relationships to catches have not been identified. Furthermore, it is unclear if flood pulses influence catches of river-floodplain fishes with different life history strategies in different ways. Catches of 21 taxa from approximately 18,000 fishing trips were modeled as a function of fishing effort, gear type, seasonal flood pulse variables, and interannual flood pulse variables. These models were analyzed to understand which flood pulse variables had the strongest relationships to catches, and evaluate different flood pulse influences among taxa with different life history strategies. High water flood pulse variables generally had positive influences on catches in future years, while low water flood pulse variables generally had negative influences on catches in future years. Flood pulses generally had stronger influences on the catches of fishes with high fecundities and smaller eggs than on catches of fishes with low fecundities and larger eggs. Variation was observed in strengths and directions of flood pulse influences on catches of fishes with similar and different life history strategies. While my results were generally consistent with prevailing knowledge of how flood pulses influence catches of fishes, other biological factors of specific fish populations may further explain population responses to flood pulses.
Master of Science

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Köster, Terena. « On Stories of Liveliness : following the Arts of Living on a Damaged Karoo Veld ». Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31117.

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This thesis is concerned with the conditions of generating a livable Karoo landscape and the arts of living on a damaged Karoo veld. It takes place in a context where the anthropogenic influences on land degradation, desertification and biodiversity loss continues to haunt the Karoo in the present. The Karoo is a semi-arid region that spans the interior of South Africa. It is also region that has been subject to ongoing and widespread concern of the impact of overgrazing, threatening the livability of the Karoo landscape. This is a result of human/nonhuman relations that have been grounded in a colonial mastery of the land, whereby the advent of private property regimes, modernist technologies and capitalist extraction has allowed for the land to be cheapened, exhausted and severely degraded in a process of colonial dispossession. This research is a qualitative ethnography interacting with farmers and nonhumans on rangelands in the Great Karoo. This thesis shows how the earlier degradation of the Karoo has demanded farmersto pay attention to the relationalities between ecology and economy, since their economic/ecological survival depends entirely on the ongoing multispecies assemblages of which humans form a part. Infrastructures and technologies have become grounds for new ontological practices of regenerating the Karoo veld. Infrastructures (namely fencing) and sheep are used in ways that mimic the earlier migration of large herds of antelope. Here, the bodies of sheep are curated and moved in order to perform a particular ordering of a Karoo ‘nature’. This movement is believed to instigate multispecies liveliness. Sheep, who were once destroyers of the veld, are now enrolled in practices that are believed to bring back the ‘natural’ vegetation of the Karoo. The thesis problematises the ongoing Western ways of knowing that separate the world into binaries of ‘nature’/’culture’, ‘human’/’non-human’, ‘subject’/object’, ‘domestic’/‘wild’, ’economy’/‘ecology’, ‘life’/‘death’. Rather, it argues that a concern with ontological plurality is a process of paying attention to the mutual ecologies and multiple species that gather in human/nonhuman worlding projects on rangelands in the Karoo.

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Bundy, Alida. « Assessment and management of multispecies, multigear fisheries, a case study from San Miguel Bay, the Philippines ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27114.pdf.

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Bryan, Meaghan Darcy. « Management procedure evaluation of a data-limited multispecies fishery with application to the Hawaiian bottomfish fishery ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42156.

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Multispecies fisheries with technical interactions and sparse data present a challenge for assessment scientists, many of whom are now legally required to provide species-specific management advice. A key question is can these data be used to provide species-specific assessments and management advice? Secondly, in light of new assessment approaches, how would new management procedures perform with respect to the status quo? This thesis uses a novel multispecies model to reconstruct historical abundances using fishery-dependent data from the Hawaiian bottomfish fishery. In this handline fishery, hook competition and time spent handling fish limits catch rates, resulting in nonlinear relationships between CPUE and abundance. The model is jointly fit to species-specific catch and is conditioned on historical fishing effort. The model allows for hook competition and partitions time spent fishing and time spent handling fish, h. Simulation experiments showed this approach provided nearly unbiased parameter estimates unless an incorrect assumption was made about h. Empirical h estimates were unavailable, so a range of h values were imputed from information on fishing gears and sensitivity to h was evaluated. Species-specific information was disentangled using h, but no single value best described all species-specific catch equally. Leading and management parameter estimates were relatively insensitive to the assumed value of h, except for catchability at low stock size. Given the uncertainty about h, management procedure evaluation was used to evaluate management performance of the multispecies model to an aggregate model and evaluate alternative management procedures (MPs), defined by the decision rule, assessment model, and data types. Trade-offs among management objectives describing stability in catch, fishery productivity, and over-exploitation risk were compared. Trade-offs between catch and conservation objectives were largely determined by the decision rule. MPs associated with an aggregate assessment represented a balance from the aggregate perspective, but led to over-exploitation of one or more species. Average annual variation in catch was high for all MPs and highest for MPs using the multispecies approach in combination with a tag-recapture program. These results were largely robust to the assumptions about h in the assessment model and demonstrated the difficulty of co-managing multiple species.

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Ciobanu, Patricia. « Designing for and with Care in Multispecies Kinship : Exploring Methods of Decentering the Human in Design ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254984.

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In the current climate crisis, creating a symbiotic collaboration between all members of an ecosystem has become a prominent topic. By reevaluating human-centered methodologies through a cultural probe and an orienting activity, I address notions of collaboration, cohabitation and extending one’s body beyond the skin. I explore the concept of care in human-plant relationships, along with understanding the trouble with designing for and with care in the context of human-nature-technology kinship. The cultural probe, through its ambiguity, has prompted reflections on care and multispecies kinship, whereas the orienting activity has been an attempt to potentially shift to a non-anthropocentric perspective. A materialization of speculative thinking, these activities are a first step in challenging human exceptionalism, a new approach to viewing the human as decentered in design. This paper positions care as a premise in addressing human-centered methodologies to include non-human actors, with prototypes and speculative design as techniques that facilitate approaching a challenging and complex topic as one of more-than-human assemblages.
I den nuvarande klimatkrisen har skapandet av symbiotiska sammarbeten mellan alla deltagare av ett ekosystem blivit ett viktigt ämne. Genom att omvärdera människocentrerade metodiker genom en cultural probe och en orienterande aktivitet adresserar jag idéer om sammarbete, samlevnad och förlängningen av ens kropp bortom huden. Jag utforskar konceptet handomtagande i människo-plant-relationer tillsammans med förståelsen för mödorna med att designa för och med handomtagande i kontexten människa-natur-teknologi-släktskap. En cultural probe har genom dess tvetydighet drivit reflektioner kring handomtagande och mångfaldsläktskap, där den orienterade aktiviteten var ett försök till ett potentiellt shifte till ett icke-antropocentriskt perspektiv. Dessa aktiviteter, som är material från spekulativt tänkade, är ett tillvägagångasätt och första steg i att utmana människocenterad exceptionalism i design. Denna artikel positionerar handomtagande som en premiss i adresserandet av människocentrerade metodiker till att inkludera icke-mänskliga aktörer genom användandet av prototyper och spekulativ design som underlättande tekniker till utmaningar och komplexa ämnen som mer-än-mänskliga församlingar.

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Tuck, Benjamin. « Investigating Multispecies Biofilms on Steel Surfaces in Seawater and Biofilm Inhibition by a Novel, Multifunctional Inhibitor ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89066.

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Biofilm formation is a global, $multi-billion phenomenon spanning a plethora of stakeholders. This thesis investigates critical fundamental aspects of biofilm formation on steel and evaluates the efficacy of a novel, environmentally sustainable and multifunctional inhibitor compound developed through a broader Australian Research Council Discovery Project collaboration. Focused on sustainable and effective biofilm disruption, results from this thesis are used to expand fundamental knowledge and generate a targeted approach to biofilm mitigation that improves biocide function.

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Rich, Lindsey N. « Monitoring and Conserving Wildlife Communities across Northern Botswana ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82537.

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To develop effective conservation planning and mitigate biodiversity loss, standardized metrics for monitoring and assessing biodiversity are needed. This information is particularly vital in Botswana, where knowledge of many of the diverse wildlife populations is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, my dissertation research evaluated the distributions, densities, and ecology of the wildlife community in northern Botswana, with a focus on terrestrial carnivore species given their importance both ecologically and economically. My objectives were threefold: 1) estimate the distributions of the mammal community (n = 44 species) and evaluate community, group, and species-specific responses to anthropogenic and environmental variables, 2) test whether the presence of intraguild species or resource availability had a larger influence on the seasonal distributions of carnivore species, and 3) simultaneously estimate the population densities of 7 carnivore species. To accomplish these objectives, I completed a multi-year camera trap survey in a 1,154-km2 study area and analyzed the data using occupancy models (single and multi- species) and spatially explicit capture-recapture models. Estimates of species richness ranged from 8 to 27 unique species, species had a mean occurrence probability of 0.32 (95% credible interval = 0.21–0.45), and estimated densities ranged from 1.8 aardwolves (Proteles cristata) to 12.7 spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) per 100 km2. The occupancy and richness of terrestrial mammals was negatively associated with human disturbance and in general, positively associated with open grasslands/floodplains. Carnivore species, specifically, tended to have greater species richness and larger population densities in open habitats than in closed. I also found carnivore distributions were positively associated with the detection rate of intraguild competitors and predators, suggesting competitor/predator avoidance did not play a large role in shaping carnivore community structure. My research highlights the pivotal role protected areas and grasslands play in conserving wildlife populations in northern Botswana. Additionally, my research helps progress camera trap analyses from single to multi-species assessments. Broader application of this multi-species approach would likely result in a better understanding of wildlife and carnivore communities which in turn, may help inform management actions aimed at addressing the loss of wildlife populations globally.
Ph. D.

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Bellour, Morvan. « Fluctuations et vieillissement dans des systèmes colloi͏̈daux : Etude par diffusion de lumière multispeckle ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13211.

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Nous abordons au moyen des techniques de diffusion quasi-élastique de la lumière deux thèmes de la physique des systèmes colloi͏̈daux: la rhéologie d'une solution de micelles géantes faiblement chargées et l'étude du vieillissement dans les systèmes vitreux. Les techniques de diffusion de lumière sont appliquées à des marqueurs (particules colloi͏̈dales sub-micrométriques) en suspension dans le milieu étudié dont la dynamique est reliée aux propriétés rhéologiques de celui-ci. Nous étudions les possibilités offertes par cette approche dans le cas d'une solution de micelles géantes. Nous montrons que l'on peut directement déterminer les propriétés rhéologiques de la solution à partir d'une description simple de la dynamique des marqueurs, et obtenons un accord quantitatif avec la rhéologie. Nous montrons que les systèmes micellaires faiblement chargés ont un comportement analogue à celui d'une solution de polyélectrolytes. Nous étudions d'autre part le vieillissement d'une suspension colloi͏̈dale de plaquettes de laponite. Nous avons développé pour ce faire avec une caméra CCD une méthode de détection multispeckle permettant de réaliser des moyenne d'ensemble en temps réel. Trois points essentiels ressortent des résultats expérimentaux obtenus. 1. Le temps de relaxation est proportionnel à l'âge du système, conformément à un mécanisme de vieillissement dans les systèmes désordonnés. 2. La relaxation de la structure vitreuse est associée à une dynamique hyperdiffusive des sondes. 3. L'intensité diffusée par la solution de laponite est une fonction décroissante de l'âge. Cette décroissance et l'analyse du facteur de structure dynamique montrent que le système s'homogénéise simultanément à toutes les échelles. L'ensemble de ces résultats nous permet d'émettre l'hypothèse que cette dynamique est gouvernée par la relaxation de contraintes aléatoires localisées
We study, using dynamic light scattering experiments, two fields in the physics of colloi͏̈dal systems: the reology of weakly charged wormlike micelles and the aging behavior in glassy systems. We apply light scattering techniques to sub-micrometric probe particles embedded in the material, and relate their dynamics to the rheological properties of the fluid. We have investigated this approach in a solution of wormlike micelles. We can deduce the rheological parameters of the solution from a simple model describing the dynamic of the probe, and find good agreament with the rheology. We show that weakly charged wormlike micelles have a behavior similar to polyelectrolyte solutions. Beside, we study the aging behavior of a colloi͏̈dal suspension made of discotic particles (laponite). We have developped a multispeckle detection technique, using a CCD camera, to realise ensemble average measurements in real time. Three main aspects come out from the experimental results. The relaxation time is proportional to the age of the glass, in accordance with an aging behavior in desordered systems. 2. The structural relaxation of the glass is related to an hyperdiffusive dynamic of the probes. 3. The scattered intensity of the suspension decreases with age. This decrease and the analysis of the dynamic structure factor show an homogeneisation process at all lengthscale. All these results enable us to advance that the dynamics of rulled by localised stress relaxation process

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Rosewell, J. P. « Competition in multispecies systems : A theoretical and experimental study of the 'domestic' species of the genus Drosophila ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373474.

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Feeney, Rachel Gallant. « Catch share management in the Northeast multispecies fishery| Implications for the commercial groundfish fishery in New Hampshire ». Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10000390.

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This dissertation tests theories about catch share approaches to fishery management, examining their validity and limits relative to the Northeast groundfish sector program, and potentially modifies them in light of research outcomes. Participants of the groundfish fishery based in New Hampshire are the particular focus of research, but broader impacts are considered. Studies of this catch share program have been limited to date, and studies of catch share programs generally have focused on a particular dimension (e.g., biological, social, economic) rather than integrate across dimensions, despite increasing needs to do so for management. Here, six key aspects of fishing are investigated: fishing practices, social capital, bycatch, economic performance, safety, and well-being. Thus, this work is a novel contribution to the field of impact assessment research, both in its topic and scope.

The primary research question is: How has the advent of catch shares impacted the Northeast commercial multispecies fishery, particularly in New Hampshire? This is answered through a case study that involved a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches, using semi-structured interviews of 2 informants, including members of groundfish sectors, common pool members, former fishermen, and fish dealers. Although social research often involves a process of theory generation, in the case of the Northeast groundfish fishery, and catch share programs more generally, a number of theories have already emerged that are ripe for testing. It was hypothesized here that fishing under the control rules governing sectors has resulted in: more efficiency and flexibility for fishermen to decide where, when, and how to fish; greater social capital among fishermen; reduced bycatch; and improved economic performance, safety, and well-being.

The groundfish fishermen of New Hampshire revealed that the theorized benefits of catch share programs do not necessarily hold true. Of the six key aspects of fishing investigated here, only the benefits related to fishing practices, bycatch and safety aligned with what has occurred in this local fishery, but even some of those benefits have qualifiers. The informants who were sector members generally felt that fishing in a sector was more efficient and flexible than the former Days-At-Sea program had been, generally due to shifting catch limits from a trip basis to an annual one. This had allowed more concentration of effort during times with greater potential for profitability (e.g., fish availability, favorable markets). Reducing bycatch was an important goal of the informants, and the sector participants indicated that their level of bycatch had decreased, primarily through eliminating the trip limits and discards of legal-sized fish. Some informants went above and beyond regulations to avoid bycatch in recognition of the need to steward stocks for the future. However, some sector members identified new pressures to discard when unobserved, driven largely by the high lease costs of choke stocks. There were no major changes in safety, because the informants largely strive to be safe no matter the management program. However, removal of trip limits for sector participants created flexibility and less pressure to fish in unsafe conditions.

Theorized benefits for social capital, economic performance, and well-being did not hold true. Despite being a novel focal point for industry organization, informants felt that sectors have not been catalysts for social capital. Rather, sectors have been based on and built off of pre-existing social capital. In some cases, social capital was reduced as increased organizational responsibilities were seen as a burden and fishing became more competitive and secretive. Economic profitability and predictability had not been realized, though the concomitant decline in, and persistently low, catch limits for certain key species (e.g., cod, yellowtail flounder) vanquished any potential that catch shares had for the economic success of this fishery. The need to lease quota of constraining stocks to harvest the available fish in one’s own portfolio has been a substantial and new cost, with risky debt obligations, for several informants. Business predictability declined for a majority of informants. Catch shares has, however, transformed the business climate of the groundfish industry, with more focus on maximizing one’s utility. With declines in fishery participation, and dim potential for positive economic performance, the sense of well-being and future outlook for self and fishery had diminished since the advent of the catch share program. Job satisfaction decreased for most of the sector members, and a majority of all informants said that they would not advise a young person to enter fishing. The New Hampshire-based fishermen have, on the whole, not fared as well as could be assumed based on theory, exemplifying the consequences of catch shares, the potential for declining performance by those participants unable to adapt.

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Maldeniya, Rekha Rasanjani Perera. « Small scale multispecies demersal fishery off Negombo, Sri Lanka : a study of their biology and socio-economics ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365093.

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Sarcia, Régis. « Suspensions colloïdales concentrées sous contrainte : Instrumentation optique multispeckle et réalisation d'un microscope confocal rapide ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004472.

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Lorsqu'une suspension colloïdale concentrée est soumise à une contrainte sa réponse dynamique peut être extrêmement non-linéaire. Nous présentons dans cette thèse une étude expérimentale de deux suspensions concentrées, auxquelles nous appliquons deux contraintes d'origines différentes : - une contrainte mécanique : on force la suspension concentrée à s'écouler, - une contrainte d'origine chimique : les interactions entre particules sont progressivement rendues attractives. Dans les deux cas, nous avons observé les mouvements des particules par diffusion multiple de la lumière multispeckle. Nous présentons aussi un nouveau traitement statistique des moments observés, adapté à la caractérisation des dynamiques intermittentes qui apparaissent. Une reformulation théorique de la diffusion dynamique multispeckle est de plus proposée au premier chapitre. La deuxième portion du manuscrit est consacrée à la construction du confocal rapide permettant l'observation directe des systèmes colloïdaux même à de très hautes concentrations, observation jusqu'à des fréquences supérieures à 20 images par seconde.

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Rasiulis, Nicolas. « Freestyle Bearing : Work, Play, and Synergy in the Practice of Everyday Life Among Mongolian Reindeer Pastoralists ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34449.

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Approximately 200 people, mostly Dukhas of Tuvan ancestry, live nomadically with reindeer, horses, and dogs as ‘Tsaatans’ in the taiga of northern Mongolia. How do they effectively realize their livelihoods? Does qualifying corporeal manners, or bearings, in which livelihood practices are performed in the moments of actualization offer insight into ways in which longer-term decision-making processes like nomadic settlement and livestock management are embodied? Informed by a phenomenological approach in anthropology during nearly four months of cooperative co-habitation with Tsaatan mentors, I argue that Tsaatans effectively realize livelihood practices as they cheerfully embody poised improvisation and acrobatics in both skillful discernment and movement. Simultaneously anticipating and performing diverse tasks in playful cooperation with friends, family and other animals along nomadic lifestyles in a wilderness habitat involves persistent, sensory-rich, versatile manipulation of environmental materials, as well as extensive geographic knowledge and frequent experiences of risk in remote, rugged terrain and powerful meteorological conditions impossible to completely avoid. These lifestyles catalyze the development of quick-witted and materially sensitive resilience with which people are capable of corresponding with beings, materials, and situations, and thereby of continuing to develop ancestral traditions of reindeer husbandry in a rapidly changing social, economic, technological and geo-political context.

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Eikestam, Linda. « Remember Me by My Goat : Stories of Relatedness in More-than-Human Worlds of Maasai Women in Kenya ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-184888.

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This thesis explores the lives of Maasai women today in general, and in particular as seen through the lens of one woman, and her social network in Kajiado County, southern Kenya. By using a storytelling approach, I let the women’s own vivid stories, thoughts and priorities stay in focus. While the women’s stories reveal personal details in their lives, I argue that their stories also broaden the perspective of what it is to be a Maasai woman today. Inspired by a framework of multispecies relations, especially the concept of relatedness, I look at the relationships – to both humans and non-humans – which shapes the women's lives, possibilities, decisions, and concerns. As I explore the women's more-than-human worlds, the agency of cows, goats, sheep, and even flies are acknowledged. In combination with inspiration from the framework of feminist political ecology – especially the concepts of resource access and displacement – I bridge understandings about how multispecies relations affect the women, with reflections on education and working situations, and matters of land. With this thesis, I wish to contribute to and broaden the literature and often stereotyped image of what it is to be a Maasai, especially a Maasai woman.

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Sarcia, Régis. « Suspensions colloïdales concentrées sous contrainte : instrumentation multispeckle, théorie et expériences : réalisation d'un microscope confocal rapide ». Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004472.

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Lorsqu'une suspension colloïdale concentrée est soumise à une contrainte, sa réponse peut s'avérer fortement non linéaire. Nous présentons dans cette thèse une étude expérimentale de deux suspensions concentrées, auxquelles nous appliquons deux contraintes d'origines différentes : • une contrainte mécanique : la suspension est forcée à s'écouler • une contrainte d'origine chimique : les interactions entre particules sont progressivement rendues attractives Dans les deux cas, nous avons observé le mouvement des particules par des techniques de diffusion multiple de la lumière. En plus d'une formalisation théorique des mesures multispeckle, nous présentons un nouveau traitement statistique des données observées, traitement adapté à la caractérisation des dynamiques intermittentes. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons la construction d'un microscope confocal rapide, permettant l'observation directe de systèmes colloïdaux concentrés à une fréquence d'image supérieure à 20 images par seconde
When a concentrated colloidal dispersion experiences a constraint, a highly non-linear response can occur. Experimental studies of two different concentrated dispersion are presented in this manuscript, each dispersion is under a different type of constraint: • a mechanical constraint : the dispersion is forced to flow • a chemical constraint : particles interaction are slowly driven attractive In both cases, movements of particles were studied by techniques relying on multiple diffusion of light. Besides a theoretical formalisation of these multispeckle techniques, we present a new statistical treatment of multispeckle datas, treatment suited to characterize intermittent dynamics. In a second part, we present the construction of a fast confocal microscope. This microscope was design in order to get images of concentrated colloidal systems at more than 20 frames per second

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Santos, Lucas Lima dos. « Entre ritmos : as habilidades perceptuais de pescadores em paisagens multiespecíficas (vila do Pontal do Leste, Cananeia - SP) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/31/31131/tde-23062017-183257/.

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Entre as temporalidades de diferentes processos locais, este estudo etnográfico aprofunda-se em entender como esses diferentes ritmos relacionam-se e modulam as atividades de pescadores e de outros habitantes (humanos e não-humanos) na vila do Pontal do Leste - Ilha do Cardoso, Cananeia - SP. Relações essas sempre em processo de co-constituição, co-respondencia, co-evolução entre humanos e não-humanos, nunca formados e preexistentes de antemão. As percepções desses processos são fundamentais para o entendimento do comportamento de alguns animais não-humanos e plantas, das condições de tempo, da geomorfologia insular e da ecologia eólico-hídrica local, resultando em caracterizações sensíveis, que serão desdobradas nessa etnografia. Portanto, nessa malha de relações composta por paisagens multiespécies, onde diversas linhas de movimentos são traçadas por seres e processos, o intuito deste estudo foi descrever como essas linhas encontram-se e contaminam-se. E, acima de tudo, como esses encontros são traduzidos pelos habitantes e visitantes da vila.
Among the temporalities of different local processes, this ethnographic study deepens in understanding how these different rhythms relate and modulate the activities of fishermen and other inhabitants (human and non-human) in the village of Pontal do Leste - Cardoso Island, Cananeia - SP. These relations are always in the process of co-constitution, coresponse, co-evolution between humans and nonhumans never formed and preexisting inadvance. The perceptions of these processes are fundamental to the understanding of the behavior of some non-human animals and plants, of the weather conditions, insular geomorphology and local wind-hydric ecology, resulting in sensitive characterizations that will be unfolded in this ethnography. Therefore, in this meshwork of relationships composed of multispecies landscapes, where several lines of movement are traced by beings and processes, the purpose of this study was to describe how these lines meet and become contaminated. And, above all, how these meetings are translated by the inhabitants and visitors of the village.

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Duran, Ballesteros Paloma [Verfasser], Paul [Gutachter] Schulze-Lefert et Marcel [Gutachter] Bucher. « Dissecting the multispecies interaction network at the A. thaliana root-soil interface / Paloma Duran Ballesteros ; Gutachter : Paul Schulze-Lefert, Marcel Bucher ». Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1191365530/34.

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Johnson, Galen Anna Peterson Charles Henry. « Multispecies interactions in a fishery ecosystem and implications for fisheries management the impacts of the estuarine shrimp trawl fishery in North Carolina / ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,427.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.

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Chen, Zhihui [Verfasser]. « Effects of selected probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus oligofermentans on composition and caries activity of multispecies biofilm in vitro / Zhihui Chen ». Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241538166/34.

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Federizon, Ricardo. « Using vital statistics and survey catch composition data for tropical multispecies fish stock assessment application to the demersal resources of the Central Philippines / ». Online version, 1993. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/37178.

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Popa, Maria Elena [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Gutachter] Weigand et Martin [Gutachter] Heimann. « Contunuous tall tower multispecies measurements in Europe for quantifying and understanding land-atmosphere carbon exchange / Maria Elena Popa ; Gutachter : Wolfgang Weigand, Martin Heimann ». Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1178251896/34.

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Reid, Susan Claire. « Imagining Justice with the Ocean ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29888.

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This work is about the law of the sea as an ecological force. It is about how the law of the sea dominates human relations with the ocean – their beings, lifeways and fluid, phenomenological systems. Despite several decades of the international law of the sea operating its environmental protections, the ocean is in crisis. Law’s inability to effectively respond can be found in ontological foundations, within and outside of law, which normalise exploitation as the default human relation with the seas. From this perspective, the ocean’s ecological crisis is a cultural matter – about relations with the ocean. The tension between considering human material needs alongside those of the ocean surfaces iteratively throughout this thesis. It worries the edges of possibility for a concept of justice that envisages ocean cohabitation. I argue for better ways of knowing and unknowing the seas to ethically imagine and respond to their livability needs. More imaginatively expansive tools are needed to navigate the ocean’s unknowable dimensions; and to know and unknow the ‘we’ that is brought into relation with the seas. By examining these issues and the conceptual tools for exploring them, this work reveals that matters of justice are soaked through with material relations. By dint of material embodiment and vulnerability, humans need to source materials from the ocean to live well. The inalienable relations of violence associated with such provisioning calls for re-imagined ethical relations with the worlds of our prey. This work then is also about being a reluctant predator and taking responsibility for the power and exceptionalism of this status. As an interdisciplinary work of cultural theory, the thesis assembles feminist posthumanist and new materialist approaches, drawing on theorists including Stacy Alaimo, Lorraine Code, Jacques Derrida, Donna Haraway, Melody Jue, Astrida Neimanis, Val Plumwood, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, Kathryn Yusoff; and the feminist legal theoretical work of Martha Fineman and Anna Grear. The work is transdisciplinary as well, through its empirical and heuristic engagement with international law, marine scientific research, and art practices. Drawing on this rich assembly of theoretical resources and thinking with the seas, I begin to shape the contours of an ecologically modelled, materially relational concept of ocean justice.

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Krauth, Alinta. « More-than-human creative practice : Approaches to making interactive and digital art as enrichment for wild flying foxes and domesticated dogs ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235060/1/Alinta_Krauth_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explores animal enrichment as a potential basis for interactive and digital art made for use between humans and other species, focusing on domestic dogs and wild flying foxes in rehabilitation care. Its methods are practice-based and incorporate creative practice and animal-computer interaction design. Its findings look towards the future of interactive art and aesthetics as ethical actions of care and enrichment towards other species.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Multispecie »

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