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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Multiple disease resistance »

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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Drake-Stowe, Katherine, Nicolas Bakaher, Simon Goepfert, Berangere Philippon, Regis Mark, Paul Peterson et Ramsey S. Lewis. « Multiple Disease Resistance Loci Affect Soilborne Disease Resistance in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ». Phytopathology® 107, n^o 9 (septembre 2017) : 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0118-r.

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Phytophthora nicotianae and Ralstonia solanacearum are two of the most important pathogens affecting tobacco worldwide. Greater insight regarding genetic systems controlling resistance to these two soilborne pathogens, as well as identification of DNA markers associated with genomic regions controlling this resistance, could aid in variety development. An evaluation of 50 historical tobacco lines revealed a high positive correlation between resistances to the two pathogens, preliminarily suggesting that some genomic regions may confer resistance to both pathogens. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiment designed to investigate the genetic control of soilborne disease resistance of highly resistant ‘K346’ tobacco identified four QTL significantly associated with resistance to P. nicotianae (explaining 60.0% of the observed phenotypic variation) and three QTL to be associated with R. solanacearum resistance (explaining 50.3% of the observed variation). The two QTL with the largest effect on Phytophthora resistance were also found to be the QTL with the greatest effects on resistance to Ralstonia. This finding partially explains previously observed associations between resistances to these two pathogens among U.S. current cultivars and within breeding populations. Further study is needed to determine whether these relationships are due to the same genes (i.e., pleiotropy) or favorable coupling-phase linkages that have been established over time.

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Steffenson, B. J., et K. P. Smith. « Breeding Barley for Multiple Disease Resistance in the Upper MidwestRegion of the USA ». Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 3 (21 novembre 2011) : 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3646-cjgpb.

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The Upper Midwest is one of the largest barley production areas in the USA. In this region, diseases can markedly reduce both the yield and quality of the crop. Molecular and classical breeding techniques are being employed to develop cultivars with resistance to five different diseases in the Minnesota barley improvement program. Stem rust and spot blotch have been successfully controlled for many years through the deployment of the major gene Rpg1 and a major effect QTL, respectively. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker developed from the sequence of Rpg1 has made marker-assisted selection (MAS) for stem rust resistance highly effective. The major QTL controlling durable adult plant spot blotch resistance was first identified in the Steptoe/Morex population. This QTL was completely suppressed in the Harrington/Morex and Dicktoo/Morex populations, highlighting the importance of genetic background for the expression of resistance. The onset of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in 1993 led to dramatic changes in the focus of the breeding program. Significant resources have been expended to develop populations for mapping resistance QTL and identify closely linked markers for MAS. This is a difficult challenge because FHB resistance is controlled by many QTL with small effects. Sources of resistance to net blotch and Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) have been identified in a number of barley accessions. These resistances are simply inherited and are being introgressed into elite lines via phenotypic and MAS. Continued progress toward multiple disease resistance will require efficient phenotypic screening, MAS, and utilization of discoveries in barley genomics to manage numerous resistance genes and desirable gene complexes assembled over decades of breeding.  

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Wiesner-Hanks, Tyr, et Rebecca Nelson. « Multiple Disease Resistance in Plants ». Annual Review of Phytopathology 54, n^o 1 (4 août 2016) : 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100037.

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Fedak, G., D. Chi, C. Hiebert, T. Fetch, B. McCallum, A. Xue et W. Cao. « Multiple disease resistance in intergeneric hybrids ». Vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Agronomìâ, n^o 23 (1 septembre 2019) : 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2019.01.173.

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Nene, Y. L. « Multiple-Disease Resistance in Grain Legumes ». Annual Review of Phytopathology 26, n^o 1 (septembre 1988) : 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.26.090188.001223.

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Morelock, T. E., J. C. Correll et L. P. Brandenberger. « 483 PB 417 BREEDING SPINACH WITH MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE ». HortScience 29, n^o 5 (mai 1994) : 500e—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.500e.

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Downy mildew (Blue mold) is probably the most common spinach disease in most parts of the world, and it can be a problem in the mid-South. Frequently, other diseases such as white rust and fusarium cause major crop loss. The Arkansas breeding program was initiated 25 years ago to address white rust and fusarium, as well as other diseases that destroy spinach crops. Since single gene resistance is not available for most spinach diseases, it was necessary to utilize polygenic resistance to develop varieties that are resistant to most of the common spinach diseases that occur in the Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Highly resistant genotypes have been developed by using disease nurseries and field screening, so frequent selections are made based on the reaction to 3-4 diseases.

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Erb, W. Alan, et Randall C. Rowe. « Screening Tomato Seedlings for Multiple Disease Resistance ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, n^o 4 (juillet 1992) : 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.4.622.

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Two procedures for screening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings for resistance to three pathogens were developed. In one scheme, seeds were sprayed with a spore suspension of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (fusarium crown and root rot). Resistant seedlings were root-dipped 2.5 weeks later in a spore suspension of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. (verticillium wilt), and 1 week following the root dip, leaves were rubbed with tobacco mosaic virus. In the other scheme, 2-week-old seedlings were dipped in a spore suspension of F. oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. & Hans. races 1 and 2 (fusarium wilt). Resistant seedlings were root-drenched 1.5 weeks later with a suspension of Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid & White (rootknot nematode), and 1 week following, the leaves were rubbed with tobacco mosaic virus. These procedures were effective for disease screening, and their use should reduce the time required for development of two multiple disease-resistant populations. Inbreds from each population could be crossed to produce hybrids resistant to five pathogens.

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Thonhauser, K. E., S. Raveh, M. Thoß et D. J. Penn. « Does multiple paternity influence offspring disease resistance ? » Journal of Evolutionary Biology 29, n^o 6 (29 mars 2016) : 1142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12854.

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Ogbonnaya, F. C., M. Imtiaz, H. S. Bariana, M. McLean, M. M. Shankar, G. J. Hollaway, R. M. Trethowan, E. S. Lagudah et M. van Ginkel. « Mining synthetic hexaploids for multiple disease resistance to improve bread wheat ». Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, n^o 5 (2008) : 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07227.

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A collection of 253 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) produced from 192 Aegilops tauschii accessions and 39 elite durum varieties were studied to identify, characterise, and evaluate potentially untapped diversity of disease resistance in wheat. The diseases for which resistance was sought included cereal cyst nematode (CCN), root lesion nematode (RLN), Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), Septoria tritici blotch (STB), and the 3 rusts, leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust, all important diseases of bread wheat worldwide, which can severely reduce wheat yield and quality. The SHWs exhibited a wide spectrum of resistance to the 8 pathogens. The frequency of disease-resistant SHWs ranged from 1% for one species of RLN (Pratylenchus neglectus), 3% and 10% for Septoria nodorum leaf and glume blotch, 10% for seedling resistance to yellow leaf spot, 16% for CCN, 21% for the second species of RLN (Pratylenchus thornei), 73% for Septoria tritici blotch, and 15%, 40%, and 24% for leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust, respectively. Five SHWs, Aus26860, Aus30258, Aus30294, Aus30301, and Aus30304, exhibited high levels of resistance to CCN, YLP, STB, LR, and SR, while 56 SHWs showed resistance to either 3 or 4 diseases. The genetics of resistance to CCN in some of the SHWs revealed that some of the accessions carry the same CCN gene(s) against pathotype Ha13, while others may carry different resistance gene(s). Additional studies were carried out to understand the relationship between the resistances identified in SHWs and the ones already present in common wheat, in particular the resistance genes Cre1 and Cre3 against CCN. The use of perfect markers associated with Cre1 and Cre3 suggested that some SHWs may carry a new CCN resistance gene(s), which could be deployed in breeding programs to increase the diversity of available resistance. The identification of SHWs with resistance to a range of diseases provides an opportunity to generate genetic knowledge and resistant germplasm to be used in future variety development.

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Jansky, S. H., et D. I. Rouse. « Multiple Disease Resistance in Interspecific Hybrids of Potato ». Plant Disease 87, n^o 3 (mars 2003) : 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.266.

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Wild species of Solanum are excellent sources of disease resistance genes that may be incorporated into S. tuberosum through breeding. This study was initiated to determine whether multiple forms of disease resistance could be identified in interspecific Solanum hybrids. Thirty-two clones were evaluated for resistance to soft rot, common scab, black scurf, Verticillium wilt, and early blight. Most of the clones originated from populations that were not initially selected for disease resistance traits. Comparisons with the cultivars Atlantic, Russet Norkotah, and Russet Burbank indicated that all clones were more resistant than at least one cultivar for at least one disease resistance trait. Clone C545, which exhibited improved resistance to soft rot, scab, pitted scab, early dying disease, and early blight, appears to be an especially valuable source of disease resistance. The use of interspecific hybridization at the diploid level, combined with sexual polyploidization to return to the tetraploid level, provides a method to introduce multiple forms of disease resistance into advanced clones.

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Qiu, Yuting, Julian Cooper, Christopher Kaiser, Randall Wisser, Santiago X. Mideros et Tiffany M. Jamann. « Identification of Loci That Confer Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases of Maize ». G3&#58 ; Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, n^o 8 (22 juin 2020) : 2819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401104.

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Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance. In this study, we evaluated a disease resistance introgression line (DRIL) population for the foliar disease Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight (GW) and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We identified a total of ten QTL across multiple environments. We then combined our GW data with data on four additional foliar diseases (northern corn leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and bacterial leaf streak) and conducted multivariate analysis to identify regions conferring resistance to multiple diseases. We identified 20 chromosomal bins with putative multiple disease effects. We examined the five chromosomal regions (bins 1.05, 3.04, 4.06, 8.03, and 9.02) with the strongest statistical support. By examining how each haplotype effected each disease, we identified several regions associated with increased resistance to multiple diseases and three regions associated with opposite effects for bacterial and fungal diseases. In summary, we identified several promising candidate regions for multiple disease resistance in maize and specific DRILs to expedite interrogation.

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Dzeranova, Larisa K., Nadezhda V. Makazan, Ekaterina A. Pigarova, Anna N. Tiuliakova, Ekaterina V. Artemova, Tatiana V. Soldatova, Denis O. Tulupov, Alexandr V. Vorontsov et Galina A. Mel`nichenko. « Multiple hormonal resistance and metabolic disorders in pseudogypoparatiosis ». Obesity and metabolism 15, n^o 2 (28 juillet 2018) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet20182.

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Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases caused by the inactivation of the PTH-signaling pathway. The main component of the disease is resistance to PTH, causing a disturbance of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. With pseudohypoparathyroidism, there may also be a development of insensitivity to thyrotropic and gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland and the formation of characteristic clinical features in the form of subcutaneous calcifications, brachidactyly, obesity, stuntedness, mental retardation. This article describes the clinical case of pseudohypoparathyroidism in a 35-year-old woman with classic phenotypic hypoparathyroidism with hereditary Albright osteodystrophy and a proven mutation in the GNAS gene, and discusses the spectrum of metabolic disorders of the disease.

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Dzeranova, Larisa K., Nadezhda V. Makazan, Ekaterina A. Pigarova, Anna N. Tiuliakova, Ekaterina V. Artemova, Tatiana V. Soldatova, Denis O. Tulupov, Alexandr V. Vorontsov et Galina A. Mel`nichenko. « Multiple hormonal resistance and metabolic disorders in pseudogypoparatiosis ». Obesity and metabolism 15, n^o 2 (28 juillet 2018) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet2018251-55.

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Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases caused by the inactivation of the PTH-signaling pathway. The main component of the disease is resistance to PTH, causing a disturbance of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. With pseudohypoparathyroidism, there may also be a development of insensitivity to thyrotropic and gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland and the formation of characteristic clinical features in the form of subcutaneous calcifications, brachidactyly, obesity, stuntedness, mental retardation. This article describes the clinical case of pseudohypoparathyroidism in a 35-year-old woman with classic phenotypic hypoparathyroidism with hereditary Albright osteodystrophy and a proven mutation in the GNAS gene, and discusses the spectrum of metabolic disorders of the disease.

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Zwonitzer, John C., Nathan D. Coles, Matthew D. Krakowsky, Consuelo Arellano, James B. Holland, Michael D. McMullen, Richard C. Pratt et Peter J. Balint-Kurti. « Mapping Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci for Three Foliar Diseases in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Line Population—Evidence for Multiple Disease Resistance ? » Phytopathology® 100, n^o 1 (janvier 2010) : 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-1-0072.

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Southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), and northern leaf blight (NLB) are all important foliar diseases impacting maize production. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to these diseases in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between maize lines Ki14 and B73, and to evaluate the evidence for the presence genes or loci conferring multiple disease resistance (MDR). Each disease was scored in multiple separate trials. Highly significant correlations between the resistances and the three diseases were found. The highest correlation was identified between SLB and GLS resistance (r = 0.62). Correlations between resistance to each of the diseases and time to flowering were also highly significant. Nine, eight, and six QTL were identified for SLB, GLS, and NLB resistance, respectively. QTL for all three diseases colocalized in bin 1.06, while QTL colocalizing for two of the three diseases were identified in bins 1.08 to 1.09, 2.02/2.03, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05. QTL for time to flowering were also identified at four of these six loci (bins 1.06, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05). No disease resistance QTL was identified at the largest-effect QTL for flowering time in bin 10.03.

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Mmbaga, M. T., et R. J. Sauvé. « Multiple disease resistance in dogwoods(cornus spp.) to foliar pathogens ». Arboriculture & ; Urban Forestry 30, n^o 2 (1 mars 2004) : 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2004.012.

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Disease resistance in several Cornus species and cultivars to three foliar pathogens was evaluated in a 5-year study. Of the 51 accessions evaluated, 20 were of C. kousa, 21 of C. florida, two of C. sericea, two of C. mas, one of C. alternifolia, and five were interspecific hybrids of C. kousa ´ C. florida. Powdery mildew and spot anthracnose caused by Erysiphe (sect. Microsphaera) pulchra, and Elsinoe corni, respectively, were the most prevalent and severe diseases. Eighteen cultivars of C. kousa, one of C. mas, two of C. sericea, one of C. alternifolia, and four interspecific hybrids were highly resistant to powdery mildew, while 19 C. florida cultivars were susceptible, of which two were moderately resistant. Spot anthracnose was the second most prevalent disease, but its severity was generally low. Three C. kousa cultivars, ten of C. florida, and one of C. mas were mildly susceptible to spot anthracnose. Both cultivars of C. sericea were highly susceptible to Septoria leaf spot (Septoria cornicola), and heavy infections were observed throughout the study. Most C. florida cultivars were highly susceptibility to powdery mildew, while most C. kousa cultivars were highly resistant. Results of this study suggest that multiple disease resistance in dogwoods may be achieved through crosses with C. kousa and C. florida.

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Martins, Lais B., Elizabeth Rucker, Wade Thomason, Randall J. Wisser, James B. Holland et Peter Balint-Kurti. « Validation and Characterization of Maize Multiple Disease Resistance QTL ». G3&#58 ; Genes|Genomes|Genetics 9, n^o 9 (12 juillet 2019) : 2905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400195.

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Song, You-Chun, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Jong-Hee Lee, Do-Yeon Kwak, No-Bong Park, Un-Sang Yeo, Choon-Song Kim et al. « A Glutinous Rice Variety with Multiple Disease Resistance ‘Baegokchal’ ». Korean Journal of Breeding Science 45, n^o 1 (31 mars 2013) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2013.45.1.031.

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Song, You-Chun, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Jong-Hee Lee, Do-Yeon Kwak, No-Bong Park, Un-Sang Yeo, Choon-Song Kim et al. « A Glutinous Rice Variety with Multiple Disease Resistance ‘Baegokchal’ ». Korean Journal of Breeding Science 45, n^o 1 (31 mars 2013) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2013.45.1.31.

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Fedak, George, Dawn Chi, Colin Hiebert, Tom Fetch, Brent McCallum, Allen Xue et Wenguang Cao. « Capturing Multiple Disease Resistance in Wheat through Intergeneric Hybridization ». Biology 10, n^o 7 (8 juillet 2021) : 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070631.

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Derivatives from 4 species from the secondary gene pool of wheat—1 diploid (T. monococcum), 2 tetraploid (T. carthlicum; T. timopheevi), and 1 hexaploid (T. miguschovae)—were screened for resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust. Where screening, genetic studies, and mapping were completed it was shown that all species carried resistance to multiple plant diseases. Some derived lines carried resistance to up to four different diseases. Where mapping was completed, it was shown that different diseases mapped to different chromosomes within any one accession.

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Staub, Jack E., et Rebecca Grumet. « Selection for multiple disease resistance reduces cucumber yield potential ». Euphytica 67, n^o 3 (1993) : 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00040622.

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Jones, Alfred. « BREEDING SWEETPOTATO FOR RESISTANCE TO MULTIPLE INSECT PESTS ». HortScience 25, n^o 9 (septembre 1990) : 1177G—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1177.

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Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars with high levels of resistance to root damaging insects have been developed through the collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary research team. These resistances were combined with other traits necessary for a successful cultivar such as: disease resistances; high yield; long storage life; prolific sprout production; marketable root size, shape and skin at tributes; and culinary excellence. Adpotion of quantitative genetic principles, development of a wide gene base, sequential selection schemes, use of effective selection criteria and appropriate susceptible standards contributed to the program's success. These achievements were made with, little prior knowledge about inheritance patterns, gene action, mechanisms of resistance or a complete knowledge of the insects concerned. The value of insect resistant cultivars has become better appreciated with the recent decrease in chemical alternatives.

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Jones, Alfred. « BREEDING SWEETPOTATO FOR RESISTANCE TO MULTIPLE INSECT PESTS ». HortScience 25, n^o 9 (septembre 1990) : 1177g—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1177g.

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Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars with high levels of resistance to root damaging insects have been developed through the collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary research team. These resistances were combined with other traits necessary for a successful cultivar such as: disease resistances; high yield; long storage life; prolific sprout production; marketable root size, shape and skin at tributes; and culinary excellence. Adpotion of quantitative genetic principles, development of a wide gene base, sequential selection schemes, use of effective selection criteria and appropriate susceptible standards contributed to the program's success. These achievements were made with, little prior knowledge about inheritance patterns, gene action, mechanisms of resistance or a complete knowledge of the insects concerned. The value of insect resistant cultivars has become better appreciated with the recent decrease in chemical alternatives.

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Kharate, Pawankumar, Pratik Pusadkar, Nirmala Bharti Patel, Shrinkhla Maurya et Zenu Jha. « Aromatic Rice with Multiple Disease Resistance Developed through Anther Culture ». International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, n^o 5 (31 octobre 2021) : 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2370.

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The experiments were conducted during kharif (June to September) 2018 and 2019 to screen 7 aromatic rice double haploid (DH) lines developed against Bacterial Leaf Bligh (BLB) and blast disease. Three genes Xa21, xa13, xa5 for BLB resistance and two genes Pi1, Pi2 for blast resistance was introgressed into a local aromatic rice variety Dubraj from Chhattisgarh State of India. Dubraj is extremely popular aromatic short medium grain variety in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh region and hence used in this study. RPBIO-226 and PR122 rice variety is used as donor for BLB and blast resistance respectively. 7 DH lines (L-1 to L-7) were developed from the crosses (Dubraj X RPBIO-226 X PR122) in the year 2017. Phenotypic evaluation for BLB diseases resistance has shown that L-1, L-6 and L-7 (score 1) has a similar resistance as the control check RPBIO-226(score-1) and 3 lines with moderate resistance (L-3 score 2) (L-4 score 3) (L-5 score 3). For blast disease, three lines (L-4, L-6 and L-7) were identified as resistance with the disease score of 1, whereas three were grouped under the section moderately resistant (L-1, L-3 and L- 5) with a disease score of 3. Sensory test (1.7% KOH) was conducted for the estimation of presence / absence of aroma. Moderately strong aroma was present in four lines (L-1, L-3, L-6 and L-7). On the basis of yield and presence of aroma in grain, L-3 has been selected with moderately resistant to BLB and blast for further advancement and subsequently evaluated under State Initial Evaluation Trial (SIET) during kharif 2020. Within 3 years of development of DH line, L-3 is under varietal developmental trail, which itself indicate the efficacy of anther culture in fixing homozygosity and speedy development of desired variety within short period of time.

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Freitas, Issa et Cuendet. « Targeting the Resistance in Multiple Myeloma ». Proceedings 11, n^o 1 (16 avril 2019) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011003.

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Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. That disease has a rather low incidence but displays a high rate of relapse and resistance to conventional therapies. It is therefore necessary to find new therapeutic strategies to overcome this resistance, which is partly attributed to a subpopulation of cells known as cancer stem cells. Withanolides and HDAC6 selective inhibitors were identified as promising compounds in various resistant multiple myeloma models.

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Fetch, T. G., B. J. Steffenson et E. Nevo. « Diversity and Sources of Multiple Disease Resistance in Hordeum spontaneum ». Plant Disease 87, n^o 12 (décembre 2003) : 1439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1439.

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Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, is known to be a rich source of disease resistance genes. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity of H. spontaneum accessions from Israel and Jordan for their reaction to six fungal pathogens of importance to cultivated barley in the United States and Canada. Overall, a high level of macro-scale (across collection sites) and micro-scale (within a collection site) diversity for disease reaction was found in the 116 accessions of H. spontaneum evaluated at the seedling stage. Additionally, genetic heterozygosity for resistance loci was common in H. spontaneum. The frequency of resistance in accessions from Jordan and Israel was high for Septoria speckled leaf blotch (77 and 98%, respectively), leaf rust (70 and 90%), net blotch (72 and 68%), and powdery mildew (58 and 70%); intermediate for spot blotch (53 and 46%); and low for stem rust (2 and 26%). The level of disease resistance in H. spontaneum was not strongly correlated with any of the weather variables (temperature, precipitation, and humidity) monitored near the collection sites. However, in general, resistance was more often found in germ plasm from mesic (e.g., Mediterranean coast) than in xeric (e.g., Negev Desert) areas. Two H. spontaneum accessions (Shechem 12-32 and Damon 11-11) were resistant to all six pathogens and may be useful parents in programs breeding barley for multiple disease resistance. The high level of diversity and heterozygosity for disease reaction found in this study indicates that H. spontaneum is an extraordinarily rich and largely untapped source of unique disease resistance alleles for cultivated barley improvement.

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Yadav, S. S., J. Kumar, Neil C. Turner, Jens Berger, Robert Redden, David McNeil, Michael Materne, E. J. Knights et P. N. Bahl. « Breeding for improved productivity, multiple resistance and wide adaptation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ». Plant Genetic Resources 2, n^o 3 (décembre 2004) : 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200448.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important crop for developed as well as underdeveloped countries, especially those in the Indian sub-continent that contribute more than 60% to both the global area and global production. The harsh environmental conditions under which chickpeas are generally grown impose restrictions on the expression of genetic yield potential. In the present study, a number of different breeding approaches for the development of genotypes possessing multiple resistances to different biotic and abiotic stresses, coupled with enhanced productivity are reported. In one study, 90 genetically diverse genotypes (35 medium-sized desi types, 35 bold-seeded desi types, 10 medium-sized kabuli types and 10 bold-seeded kabuli types) were tested in several locations in the 2000–2002 seasons, under rainfed (dryland) conditions and with supplemental irrigation. The bold-seeded desi genotypes gave superior performance in the rainfed environment, while the bold-seeded kabuli genotypes outyielded the other cultivars under supplemental irrigation. From crosses between accessions from geographically diverse sources, crosses between lines carrying multiple disease resistances, and crosses between the cultivated chickpea and the wild species, C. reticulatum, 23 selections were tested for yield and resistance to multiple stresses at various locations in northern and central India. From the crosses between geographically diverse parents, six high-yielding kabuli genotypes with wide adaptation and drought tolerance were identified. Pyramiding genes for multiple resistances proved useful in identifying eight lines possessing multiple disease resistance. Introgressing wild genes generated nine genotypes with high yield potential, resistance to soil-borne diseases and adaptation to water-limited environments. We conclude that high productivity, multiple resistance and wide adaptability can be achieved simultaneously by using potentially complementary approaches.

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Pande, S., G. Krishna Kishore, H. D. Upadhyaya et J. Narayana Rao. « Identification of Sources of Multiple Disease Resistance in Mini-core Collection of Chickpea ». Plant Disease 90, n^o 9 (septembre 2006) : 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1214.

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Host plant resistance is the major component in the management of fungal diseases in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). We screened a chickpea mini-core collection composed of 211 germ plasm accessions representing the diversity of the global chickpea germ plasm collection of 16,991, maintained at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics to identify sources of multiple disease resistance. The accessions were screened for resistance against As-cochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei), Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris), and dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) under a controlled environment. High levels of resistance were observed to Fusarium wilt (FW), where 21 accessions were asymptomatic and 25 resistant. In all, 3, 55, and 6 accessions were moderately resistant to Ascochyta blight (AB), Botrytis gray mold (BGM), and dry root rot (DRR) respectively. ICC 11284 was the only accession moderately resistant to both AB and BGM. Combined resistance also was identified for DRR and FW in 4 accessions, and for BGM and FW in 11 accessions. Through this study, chickpea germ plasm accessions were identified that possess high levels of resistance to more than one fungal disease and would be useful in chickpea multiple disease resistance breeding programs.

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Soekojo, Cinnie Yentia, Melissa Ooi, Sanjay de Mel et Wee Joo Chng. « Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma ». Cells 9, n^o 3 (3 mars 2020) : 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030601.

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Multiple myeloma is a complex disease and immune dysfunction has been known to play an important role in the disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Recent efforts in drug development have been focused on immunotherapies to modify the MM disease process. Here, we summarize the emerging immunotherapies in the MM treatment landscape.

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Murray, Megan Y., Martin J. Auger et Kristian M. Bowles. « Overcoming bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma ». Biochemical Society Transactions 42, n^o 4 (1 août 2014) : 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140126.

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The introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in 2003 significantly improved treatment of the B-cell malignancy MM (multiple myeloma). Relapse following bortezomib therapy is inevitable, however, and MM remains an incurable disease. In the present mini-review, we explore the mechanisms by which bortezomib resistance occurs in MM, including inherent and acquired mutation, and inducible pro-survival signalling. We also outline the importance of MM cell interaction with the BMSC (bone marrow stromal cell) microenvironment as a pro-survival mechanism, and examine some potential druggable targets within this milieu, such as IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) and Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase). Although our understanding of bortezomib resistance is far from complete, there are a number of scientific developments that can help inform clinical decisions in relapsed MM.

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Nyadanu, D., R. Akromah, B. Adomako, H. Dzahini-Ob, A. Y. Akrofi, S. T. Lowor et M. K. Assuah. « Breeding for Multiple Disease Resistance in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) ». International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 6, n^o 4 (15 septembre 2012) : 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijpbg.2012.182.194.

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Hoffland, Ellis, Peter A. H. M. Bakker et L. C. van Loon. « Multiple Disease Protection by Rhizobacteria that Induce Systemic Resistance—Reply ». Phytopathology® 87, n^o 2 (février 1997) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.2.138.

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Yun, S. J., L. Gyenis, P. M. Hayes, I. Matus, K. P. Smith, B. J. Steffenson et G. J. Muehlbauer. « Quantitative Trait Loci for Multiple Disease Resistance in Wild Barley ». Crop Science 45, n^o 6 (novembre 2005) : 2563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0236.

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Gurung, Suraj, J. Michael Bonman, Shaukat Ali, Jaimin Patel, Mary Myrfield, Mohamed Mergoum, Pawan K. Singh et Tika B. Adhikari. « New and Diverse Sources of Multiple Disease Resistance in Wheat ». Crop Science 49, n^o 5 (septembre 2009) : 1655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0633.

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Khan, M. A., M. D. Shah et R. G. Saini. « Multiple disease resistance of an Australian bread wheat cultivar Cook ». Australasian Plant Pathology 41, n^o 2 (20 novembre 2011) : 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-011-0100-8.

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Dring, Megan, Nassir Mahmud, Maria O'Sullivan, Colm O'Morain, Richard Farrell, Carol Goulding, Dermot Kellehor et Ross McManus. « Multiple drug resistance gene (MDRI) polymorphisms and steroid resistance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ». Gastroenterology 124, n^o 4 (avril 2003) : A375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)81897-8.

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Koskella, Britt, Derek M. Lin, Angus Buckling et John N. Thompson. « The costs of evolving resistance in heterogeneous parasite environments ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 279, n^o 1735 (14 décembre 2011) : 1896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2259.

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The evolution of host resistance to parasites, shaped by associated fitness costs, is crucial for epidemiology and maintenance of genetic diversity. Selection imposed by multiple parasites could be a particularly strong constraint, as hosts either accumulate costs of multiple specific resistances or evolve a more costly general resistance mechanism. We used experimental evolution to test how parasite heterogeneity influences the evolution of host resistance. We show that bacterial host populations evolved specific resistance to local bacteriophage parasites, regardless of whether they were in single or multiple-phage environments, and that hosts evolving with multiple phages were no more resistant to novel phages than those evolving with single phages. However, hosts from multiple-phage environments paid a higher cost, in terms of population growth in the absence of phage, for their evolved specific resistances than those from single-phage environments. Given that in nature host populations face selection pressures from multiple parasite strains and species, our results suggest that costs may be even more critical in shaping the evolution of resistance than previously thought. Furthermore, our results highlight that a better understanding of resistance costs under combined control strategies could lead to a more ‘evolution-resistant’ treatment of disease.

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Barrio Garcia, Santiago, Umair Munawar, Thorsten Stuehmer, Hermann Einsele et K. Martin Kortüm. « Molecular Resistance Mechanisms in Multiple Myeloma ». Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-118700.

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Abstract Mechanisms of drug resistance in Multiple Myeloma (MM) are poorly understood. Mutations and/or changes in the protein expression of the CRBN pathway and proteasome subunits have been identified to induce resistance to IMiDs and PIs. However, only few patients are affected by these alterations. To determine the specific genomic fingerprint of MM relapse we selected 57 MM patients from the CoMMpass trial (version IA11) that have genomic data of paired samples available (diagnosis/relapse). 35 of them have also sequential FISH-seq data. We focused on acquired mutations in first relapse and filtered all mutations and genetic alterations already present at diagnosis. Doing so, we found 1.274 mutations, representing an average of 23 new mutations/patient (range; 2-76). Of interest, 66% of the acquired mutations were present in a sub-clonal level (Variant read frequency (VRF) < 25%). Most common mutations include known hotspots of the RAS pathway (NRAS 12%, KRAS 7% and BRAF 4%). Notably, all 7 NRAS mutations in relapse were located at Q61K, suggesting a functional role of disease progression for this specific and known hotspot location. In total 5 of 35 cases (14%) with FISH-seq data developed a 17p13 deletion in relapse. Of these, three patients acquired a bi-allelic alteration in addition to a preexisting TP53 mutation and one developed a biallelic inactivation of TP53 (VRF = 100%), through parallel acquisition of del17p and TP53 mutation. Gain of 1q21 was observed in relapse in 5 of 35 (14%) cases, and one 1q gain was lost from diagnosis to relapse. Two cases (4%) presented mutations in IMiD treatment related genes, with two mutations in the CRBN pathway. One harbored a missense mutation in the Lenalidomide (LEN) degron sequence of IKZF3 (G159A) (VRF = 36%), known to be essential for the IMiD action in vitro, 45 months after continuous exposition to LEN . The other case presented two subclonal frameshift mutations in CUL4B (VRF = 5% and 32%), detected after more than three years of LEN containing therapy. We functionally validated in vitro LEN resistance through CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of CUL4B, suggesting a resistance inducing effect of the acquired CUL4B mutations. Six cases (11%) harbored acquired mutations in proteasome subunit genes (PSMC2, PSMC6, PSMD8, PSME4, PSMB9 (two mutations)), all of them had undergone prior proteasome inhibitor (PI) containing therapy. We validated earlier the 19S protein subunits PSMC6 and PSMC2 (KO and/or point mutations) as inducers of PI resistance in vitro, thus we hypothesize contribution to resistance induction / disease progression through these 19s mutations. Remarkably ubiquitin (E3, E2 and SUBs) and histone related genes (histones and histone methylases and deacetylases) were found mutated in 51% and 19% of the relapsed patients. Genes for drug transporters (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters) were hit in 32% of cases and genes for mucins (previously related with genotoxic agents and immunotherapy resistance) in 19%. Notably, RRBP1 presented 10 mutations in 6 patients (11%) with the mutations clustering within 30 amino-acids (aa) of exons 9 and 10 and 3 hotspots (2 patients each) in aa Q426P, K430R and Q436P. RRBP1 is involved in the binding of the ribosome to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is related with the unfolded protein response and ER stress via GRP78. All the patients with RRBP1 mutations were pretreated with PI inhibitors and exhibited worst survival outcome affecting PFS (Pval<0.001) and OS (Pval=0.0016) in this limited dataset. The mutations were detected on average 433 days (range: 258-568) after diagnosis. Five of the 6 patients died on average 180 days after RRBP1 mutation detection (range: 18-446) further suggesting high risk features of such acquired mutations. In summary, we observe clonal selection of known high-risk related alterations like TP53 mutations, 17p deletions or 1q13 in early relapse data of the CoMMpass trial. Furthermore we identify RRBP1 mutations as a new acquired high-risk biomarker of MM. Alterations are specifically related to subclonal selection by therapy, thus we suggest that the definition of high-risk disease in MM needs to be revisited and should also include clonal selection processes under anti-tumor therapy. Figure. Figure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Robert Steven Tegg et Calum Rae Wilson. « Resistance to Multiple Tuber Diseases Expressed in Somaclonal Variants of the Potato Cultivar Russet Burbank ». Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/417697.

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Multiple disease resistance is an aim of many plant breeding programs. Previously, novel somatic cell selection was used to generate potato variants of “Russet Burbank” with resistance to common scab caused by infection with an actinomycete pathogen. Coexpression of resistance to powdery scab caused by a protozoan pathogen was subsequently shown. This study sought to define whether this resistance was effective against additional potato tuber diseases, black scurf, and tuber soft rot induced by fungal and bacterial pathogens. Pot trials andin vitroassays with multiple pathogenic strains identified significant resistance to both tuber diseases across the potato variants examined; the best clone A380 showed 51% and 65% reductions in disease severity to tuber soft rot and black scurf, respectively, when compared with the parent line. The resistance appeared to be tuber specific as no enhanced resistance was recorded in stolons or stem material when challengedRhizoctonia solanithat induces stolon pruning and stem canker. The work presented here suggests that morphological characteristics associated with tuber resistance may be the predominant change that has resulted from the somaclonal cell selection process, potentially underpinning the demonstrated broad spectrum of resistance to tuber invading pathogens.

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Lambert, R. J., et D. G. White. « Disease Reaction Changes from Tandem Selection for Multiple Disease Resistance in Two Maize Synthetics ». Crop Science 37, n^o 1 (janvier 1997) : 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700010010x.

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Peterson, C. E., J. E. Staub, Mary Palmer et Linda Crubaugh. « Wisconsin 2843, a Multiple Disease Resistant Cucumber Population ». HortScience 20, n^o 2 (avril 1985) : 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.2.309.

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Abstract Wisconsin 2843 (WI 2843), a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm release from the USDA and the Univ. of Wisconsin was announced to United States cucumber breeders in March of 1983. It was developed to provide a source population having multiple disease resistance, variable fruit characteristics, and processing qualities from which superior inbred parents might be extracted.

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Miedaner, Thomas, et Viktor Korzun. « Marker-Assisted Selection for Disease Resistance in Wheat and Barley Breeding ». Phytopathology® 102, n^o 6 (juin 2012) : 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-11-0157.

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Marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides opportunities for enhancing the response from selection because molecular markers can be applied at the seedling stage, with high precision and reductions in cost. About each of 50 genes conferring monogenic resistances and hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quantitative disease resistances have been reported in wheat and barley. For detecting single-major gene resistance, MAS could be easily applied, but is often not necessary because the resistances are selected phenotypically. In quantitative disease resistances, MAS would be very useful, but the individual QTL often have small effects. Additionally, only a few monogenic resistances are durable and only a few QTL with high effects have been successfully transferred into elite breeding material. Further economic and biological constraints, e.g., a low return of investment in small-grain cereal breeding, lack of diagnostic markers, and the prevalence of QTL–background effects, hinder the broad implementation of MAS. Examples in which MAS has been successfully applied to practical breeding are the wheat rust resistance genes Lr34 and Yr36, the eyespot resistance gene Pch1, the recessive resistance genes rym4/rym5 to barley yellow mosaic viruses, mlo to barley powdery mildew, and two QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat (Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A). Newly identified broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTL conferring resistance to multiple taxa of pathogens offer additional perspectives for MAS. In the future, chip-based, high-throughput genotyping platforms and the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the current problems of integrating MAS in practical breeding programs and open new avenues for a molecular-based resistance breeding.

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Mirzakarimova, Farida, Svetlana Kaleda, Natalia Polikarpova et Abdumurad Babadjanov. « NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE -SOME ASPECTS OF PREVENTION ». UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, n^o 2 (28 février 2021) : 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-2-3.

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Nowadays, NAFLD is considered one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases globally.This is probably becausea patient with NAFLD usually had more severe diseases -diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2), metabolic syndrome, etc. On the one hand, after it was established that insulin resistance underlies these metabolic diseases and, on the other hand, that compensationfor these conditions does not eliminate NAFLD, and the presence of NAFLD worsens the course of the underlying disease, interest in its study increased significantly. The development of NAFLD is increasingly associated with the hypothesis of multifactorial parallel effects, or "multiple parallel hits" ("multiple parallel hits").

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Gergely, László, et Bernát Poós. « The role of disease resistance in the registration of crop varieties in Hungary ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n^o 66 (2 juin 2015) : 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/66/1886.

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Variety testing including disease resistance test of the major crops has been carrying out since the 1960’s in Hungary. Testing for resistance of the new candidate varieties is performed in the so-called VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) trials under natural infection and in special small-plot or micro-plot trials using different disease provocative methods. Disease resistance, especially those of multiple and horizontal-type (race non-specific, partial or durable) resistances, has recently become a key limiting factor in the state variety registration. The role of disease resistance in the decision-making process of variety registration is demonstrated on the examples of winter wheat and sunflower as two major field crops in Hungary.

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Jeong, Eung-Gi, Yong-Jae Won, Chang-Ihn Yang, Young-Chan Cho, Myeong-Ki Kim, Jeong-Heui Lee, Jung-Pil Suh et al. « A Medium Maturity, High Quality and Multiple Disease Resistance Rice 'Seonpum' ». Korean Journal of Breeding Science 50, n^o 2 (1 juin 2018) : 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2018.50.2.171.

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Tereshonkova, T. A., N. S. Gorshkova, S. I. Ignatova et N. A. Makarova. « BREEDING "CHERRY" AND "COCKTAIL" TOMATO F1 HYBRIDS POSSESSING MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 789 (mai 2008) : 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.789.7.

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Kloepper, Joseph W., Sadik Tuzun, Geoffrey W. Zehnder et Gang Wei. « Multiple Disease Protection by Rhizobacteria that Induce Systemic Resistance—Historical Precedence ». Phytopathology® 87, n^o 2 (février 1997) : 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.2.136.

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Jo, Young-Ki, Reed Barker, William Pfender, Scott Warnke, Sung-Chur Sim et Geunhwa Jung. « Comparative analysis of multiple disease resistance in ryegrass and cereal crops ». Theoretical and Applied Genetics 117, n^o 4 (3 juin 2008) : 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0797-0.

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Pan, R. S., et T. A. More. « Screening of melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm for multiple disease resistance ». Euphytica 88, n^o 2 (1996) : 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00032443.

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Belcher, Araby R., John C. Zwonitzer, Jose Santa Cruz, Mathew D. Krakowsky, Chia-Lin Chung, Rebecca Nelson, Consuelo Arellano et Peter J. Balint-Kurti. « Analysis of quantitative disease resistance to southern leaf blight and of multiple disease resistance in maize, using near-isogenic lines ». Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124, n^o 3 (14 octobre 2011) : 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1718-1.

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Bhatta, Madhav, Alexey Morgounov, Vikas Belamkar, Stephen N. Wegulo, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Gül Erginbas-Orakci, Mustapha El Bouhssini et al. « Genome-Wide Association Study for Multiple Biotic Stress Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 15 (26 juillet 2019) : 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153667.

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Genetic resistance against biotic stress is a major goal in many wheat breeding programs. However, modern wheat cultivars have a limited genetic variation for disease and pest resistance and there is always a possibility of the evolution of new diseases and pests to overcome previously identified resistance genes. A total of 125 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs; 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD, Triticum aestivum L.) were characterized for resistance to fungal pathogens that cause wheat rusts (leaf; Puccinia triticina, stem; P. graminis f.sp. tritici, and stripe; P. striiformis f.sp. tritici) and crown rot (Fusarium spp.); cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.); and Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). A wide range of genetic variation was observed among SHWs for multiple (two to five) biotic stresses and 17 SHWs that were resistant to more than two stresses. The genomic regions and potential candidate genes conferring resistance to these biotic stresses were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). This GWAS study identified 124 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for multiple biotic stresses and 33 of these were found within genes. Furthermore, 16 of the 33 MTAs present within genes had annotations suggesting their potential role in disease resistance. These results will be valuable for pyramiding novel genes/genomic regions conferring resistance to multiple biotic stresses from SHWs into elite bread wheat cultivars and providing further insights on a wide range of stress resistance in wheat.

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